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SPECTROMAXx: Copper & Alloy Analysis Application Report
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AN APPLICATION REPORT FROM SPECTRO ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS SMA-102 SPECTROMAXx LMX10 The Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Introduction The SPECTROMAXx enables the accurate analysis of copper and its alloys. The instrument takes advantage of modern CMOS technology combined with the latest generation of readout electronics. The innovative optical system covers the entire usable wavelength range to enable selection of the best analytical wavelengths paired with reference lines for evaluation. With outstanding repeatability, reproducibility, and reliability, SPECTROMAXx is perhaps the industry’s best-selling arc/spark optical emission spectrometry (OES) analyzer. Its fast, accurate, cost-effective measurements add certainty to critical supply chains. Users get ultrafast information on changing process conditions. Also drastically reduced cost of ownership — with lower consumables, plus advanced diagnostics and easy maintenance to prevent expensive downtime. And this tenth-generation SPECTROMAXx responds to evolving plant requirements with a host of new improvements. Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Instrumentation SPECTROMAXx Features Optical Systems Optic I: • Wavelength range 120 nm – 235 nm • Focal length 300 mm, Holographic grating with 3600 gr. / mm • CMOS detectors Optic II: • Wavelength range 233 nm – 670 nm (optional -766 nm) • Focal length 400 mm, Holographic grating 2400 gr. / mm • CMOS detectors The applicable and configured wavelength range is based on the customer’s appication requirements. Both optics are temperature stabilized and pressure compensated. Plasma Generator: The benefit of this full digitalization with high fidelity is the guarantee that the spark pulse created is the spark pulse desired, every time. Precision is improved and so is the similarity of the generated spark signals (unit uniformity). With our off-line digital control, we ensure that each plasma generator delivers identical spark signals, with a negligible deviation between any two plasma generators. Every plasma generator has a programmable output power waveform for application specific optimization. 2 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 3 Online drift correction and background correction: • Permanent control of the peak position of each line and readjustment if needed (iCAL 2.0) • Recalculation of the background signal wherever it is possible Optimized Measurement Times: • Dynamic pre-burn time, reflecting the sample quality • Minimized delay between measurement sequences • Optimized number of excitation parameters including frequencies of up to 1000 Hz Intelligent Calibration Logic (iCAL 2.0): • Profile position control and standardization with only one sample Accuracy of Analysis It is the aim of modern OES spectrometers to greatly reduce the influence of the structure and composition (matrix) effects. The SPECTROMAXx combines traditional technologies like HEPS-High Energy Pre Spark to reach the stationary phase by “remelting” a small portion of the sample, resulting in a reduced structure effect. Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 4 Table 1: Calculation of detection limit (DL) according to DIN 32645:2008-11 with a confidence limit of 99.7% (3 sigma), recorded on a production series device. Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Calibration range (%) 0.0005 - 50 0.0003 - 22 0.0002 - 14.8 0.0002 - 1.1 0.0001 - 24 0.0002 - 6.6 0.0002 - 34 0.0005 - 7.15 Detection Limit (ppm) 5 3 2 2 1 2 2 5 Element Mg Cr Te As Sb Cd Bi Ag Calibration range (%) 0.0001 - 0.180 0.0002 - 2.4 0.0003 - 0.120 0.0002 - 0.78 0.0008 - 1.7 0.0001 - 0.110 0.0005 - 5.8 0.0002 - 2.10 Detection Limit (ppm) 1 2 3 2 8 1 5 2 Element Co Al S Be Zr Au B C Calibration range (%) 0.0003 - 2.4 0.0003 - 12.5 0.0002 - 0.220 0.00005 - 3.0 0.0002 - 0.38 0.0005 - 0.1 0.0001-0.0350 0.0005 - 0.061 Detection Limit (ppm) 3 3 2 0.5 2 5 1 5 Element Ti Se Nb Li O Pd Pt Ir Calibration range (%) 0.0002 - 0.78 0.0002 - 1.7 0.001 - 1.3 0.00005 0.0130 2 2 10 0.5 Detection Limit (ppm) 0.0050 - 0.4 0.001 - 0.0250 0.002 - 0.0220 0.0010-0.0250 50 10 20 10 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Table 2: RC12/... 5 Pure Copper Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg Cr Te As 1 0.306 0.073 0.198 0.101 0.041 0.102 0.050 0.078 0.0057 0.0397 0.0266 0.0348 2 0.306 0.071 0.190 0.097 0.040 0.102 0.050 0.077 0.0057 0.0395 0.0261 0.0345 3 0.310 0.073 0.198 0.102 0.040 0.102 0.049 0.078 0.0055 0.0401 0.0277 0.0355 4 0.309 0.074 0.206 0.106 0.041 0.101 0.049 0.080 0.0055 0.0405 0.0271 0.0363 5 0.310 0.074 0.201 0.103 0.042 0.100 0.049 0.079 0.0058 0.0416 0.0271 0.0353 6 0.309 0.072 0.199 0.102 0.042 0.101 0.049 0.079 0.0059 0.0408 0.0261 0.0353 7 0.311 0.073 0.199 0.102 0.041 0.101 0.049 0.078 0.0058 0.0409 0.0277 0.0354 8 0.307 0.071 0.196 0.100 0.042 0.101 0.050 0.078 0.0061 0.0411 0.0259 0.0350 <x> 0.309 0.073 0.198 0.102 0.041 0.101 0.049 0.078 0.006 0.041 0.0268 0.0353 SD 0.0018 0.0011 0.0042 0.0023 0.0006 0.0007 0.0002 0.0007 0.0002 0.0007 0.0007 0.0005 RSD (%rel.) 0.58 1.45 2.12 2.29 1.39 0.65 0.43 0.94 3.25 1.66 2.51 1.42 Element Sb Cd Bi Ag Co Al S Be Zr Au B Ti 1 0.048 0.042 0.0067 0.049 0.048 0.102 0.059 0.0017 0.0041 0.0014 0.0015 0.0068 2 0.048 0.041 0.0065 0.047 0.048 0.102 0.054 0.0016 0.0042 0.0012 0.0016 0.0072 3 0.050 0.043 0.0067 0.048 0.047 0.102 0.058 0.0016 0.0039 0.0014 0.0015 0.0068 4 0.051 0.044 0.0072 0.050 0.047 0.102 0.059 0.0017 0.0041 0.0012 0.0015 0.0072 5 0.050 0.043 0.0069 0.049 0.048 0.102 0.058 0.0017 0.0044 0.0012 0.0017 0.0078 6 0.049 0.043 0.0067 0.048 0.048 0.102 0.058 0.0017 0.0044 0.0011 0.0019 0.0080 7 0.049 0.043 0.0068 0.048 0.048 0.102 0.057 0.0017 0.0042 0.0011 0.0019 0.0078 8 0.049 0.042 0.0068 0.048 0.048 0.102 0.056 0.0017 0.0046 0.0012 0.0015 0.0074 <x> 0.049 0.043 0.0068 0.048 0.048 0.102 0.058 0.0017 0.0042 0.0012 0.0016 0.0074 SD 0.0011 0.0008 0.0002 0.0006 0.0002 0.0002 0.0017 0.00004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 RSD (%rel.) 2.24 1.82 2.80 1.32 0.44 0.16 2.88 Element Se Li O Pd Pt Ir Cu 1 0.0192 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 2 0.0197 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.7 3 0.0203 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 4 0.0200 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 5 0.0201 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 6 0.0199 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 7 0.0199 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 8 0.0198 <0.00005 <0.0050 <0.00100 <0.0020 <0.00100 98.6 <x> 0.0199 98.6 SD 0.0003 0.03 RSD (%rel.) 1.53 0.03 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Table 3: 31XB/... 6 Brass Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg Cr Te As 1 44.82 0.0112 0.0240 0.0405 0.0072 0.0245 0.0199 0.0041 0.0002 0.0062 <0.00050 0.0080 2 45.16 0.0116 0.0241 0.0405 0.0073 0.0259 0.0197 0.0042 0.0003 0.0072 <0.00050 0.0078 3 45.25 0.0116 0.0239 0.0403 0.0072 0.0242 0.0198 0.0043 0.0002 0.0063 <0.00050 0.0079 4 45.22 0.0112 0.0238 0.0399 0.0071 0.0239 0.0198 0.0042 0.0002 0.0062 <0.00050 0.0079 5 45.31 0.0111 0.0237 0.0395 0.0071 0.0250 0.0200 0.0039 0.0002 0.0067 <0.00050 0.0078 6 45.30 0.0110 0.0237 0.0393 0.0074 0.0248 0.0200 0.0051 0.0002 0.0064 <0.00050 0.0078 7 45.43 0.0111 0.0235 0.0387 0.0069 0.0227 0.0196 0.0040 0.0002 0.0060 <0.00050 0.0076 8 45.30 0.0110 0.0237 0.0397 0.0071 0.0257 0.0197 0.0042 0.0002 0.0072 <0.00050 0.0078 <x> 45.22 0.0112 0.0238 0.0398 0.0072 0.0246 0.0198 0.0043 0.0002 0.0065 0.0078 SD 0.169 0.0002 0.0002 0.0006 0.0001 0.0010 0.0001 0.0003 0.00001 0.0004 0.0001 RSD (%rel.) 0.37 2.03 0.76 1.49 3.90 0.69 Element Sb Cd Bi Ag Co Al S Be B Se Cu 1 0.0188 0.0032 0.0150 0.0071 <0.00100 0.0022 0.0025 <0.00010 0.0016 <0.00080 55.0 2 0.0208 0.0031 0.0152 0.0072 <0.00100 0.0022 0.0024 <0.00010 0.0020 <0.00080 54.6 3 0.0182 0.0031 0.0151 0.0073 <0.00100 0.0022 0.0025 <0.00010 0.0016 <0.00080 54.5 4 0.0192 0.0032 0.0153 0.0073 <0.00100 0.0021 0.0024 <0.00010 0.0017 <0.00080 54.6 5 0.0181 0.0031 0.0151 0.0072 <0.00100 0.0021 0.0022 <0.00010 0.0018 <0.00080 54.5 6 0.0182 0.0032 0.0153 0.0071 <0.00100 0.0029 0.0022 <0.00010 0.0017 <0.00080 54.5 7 0.0182 0.0031 0.0155 0.0072 <0.00100 0.0024 0.0022 <0.00010 0.0016 <0.00080 53.7 8 0.0183 0.0032 0.0148 0.0072 <0.00100 0.0022 0.0023 <0.00010 0.0020 <0.00080 54.5 <x> 0.0187 0.0032 0.0152 0.0072 0.0023 0.0023 0.0018 54.5 SD 0.0009 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0.34 RSD (%rel.) 4.60 1.32 1.39 0.62 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Table 4: 34XNS/... 7 Cu/Zn-Ni-Alloy Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si As Sb Cd Bi 1 23.26 0.740 0.127 0.0911 0.112 0.247 16.80 0.122 0.0014 <0.0030 0.00062 0.0266 2 23.36 0.886 0.130 0.0944 0.111 0.243 16.82 0.124 0.0015 <0.0030 0.00063 0.0323 3 23.29 0.841 0.130 0.0948 0.112 0.247 16.75 0.124 0.0012 <0.0030 0.00062 0.0310 4 23.33 0.792 0.129 0.0934 0.113 0.248 16.70 0.124 0.0012 <0.0030 0.00061 0.0280 5 23.37 0.808 0.128 0.0925 0.110 0.241 16.83 0.123 <0.00100 <0.0030 0.00061 0.0297 6 23.36 0.817 0.129 0.0933 0.111 0.244 16.77 0.124 0.0014 <0.0030 0.00062 0.0293 7 23.34 0.842 0.130 0.0957 0.111 0.242 16.83 0.123 0.0011 <0.0030 0.00061 0.0301 8 23.44 0.821 0.130 0.0949 0.110 0.241 16.81 0.125 0.0011 <0.0030 0.00062 0.0306 <x> 23.36 0.830 0.129 0.0941 0.111 0.244 16.79 0.124 0.0013 0.00062 0.0301 SD 0.042 0.0282 0.0007 0.0010 0.0010 0.003 0.046 0.0006 0.0002 0.000007 0.0013 RSD (%rel.) 0.18 3.40 0.56 1.10 0.89 1.07 0.27 0.52 Element Ag Co Al S Cu 1 0.0093 0.212 0.0856 0.0085 58.2 2 0.0095 0.209 0.0849 0.0083 57.9 3 0.0095 0.211 0.0853 0.0090 58.1 4 0.0095 0.211 0.0860 0.0092 58.1 5 0.0094 0.207 0.0847 0.0081 57.9 6 0.0094 0.213 0.0852 0.0094 58.0 7 0.0093 0.209 0.0854 0.0087 57.9 8 0.0095 0.209 0.0846 0.0089 57.9 <x> 0.0094 0.210 0.0852 0.0088 58.0 SD 0.00007 0.0018 0.0004 0.0004 0.09 0.77 0.86 0.52 RSD (%rel.) 0.15 4.18 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Table 5: 62-12/... 8 Cu/Ni - Alloy Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg Cr As Sb 1 0.181 0.0526 0.118 0.0053 1.59 0.461 8.12 0.102 0.0021 0.0059 0.00065 <0.0030 2 0.179 0.0511 0.117 0.0053 1.59 0.460 8.10 0.103 0.0021 0.0053 0.00061 <0.0030 3 0.179 0.0519 0.117 0.0054 1.59 0.462 8.09 0.103 0.0022 0.0054 0.00063 <0.0030 4 0.179 0.0528 0.117 0.0054 1.59 0.462 8.08 0.103 0.0021 0.0058 0.00062 <0.0030 5 0.180 0.0534 0.119 0.0053 1.60 0.461 8.07 0.103 0.0022 0.0054 0.00058 <0.0030 6 0.180 0.0546 0.121 0.0054 1.60 0.459 8.06 0.102 0.0021 0.0057 0.00057 <0.0030 7 0.181 0.0526 0.119 0.0054 1.60 0.462 8.06 0.103 0.0021 0.0060 0.00070 <0.0030 8 0.180 0.0527 0.119 0.0053 1.60 0.463 8.06 0.103 0.0021 0.0059 0.00055 <0.0030 <x> 0.180 0.0532 0.119 0.0054 1.60 0.461 8.07 0.103 0.0021 0.0058 0.00060 SD 0.0006 0.0007 0.0013 0.00005 0.004 0.0014 0.008 0.0004 0.00004 0.0002 0.00005 RSD (%rel.) 0.35 1.40 1.06 0.91 0.25 0.29 0.10 0.39 Element Cd Bi Co Al S Zr B C Ti Nb Cu 1 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0776 <0.00050 0.0359 <0.00050 0.0054 0.0069 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.2 2 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0777 <0.00050 0.0369 <0.00050 0.0053 0.0070 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 3 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0775 <0.00050 0.0367 <0.00050 0.0053 0.0080 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 4 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0768 <0.00050 0.0367 <0.00050 0.0053 0.0077 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.2 5 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0773 <0.00050 0.0380 <0.00050 0.0054 0.0074 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 6 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0771 <0.00050 0.0376 <0.00050 0.0055 0.0074 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 7 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0773 <0.00050 0.0369 <0.00050 0.0054 0.0069 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 8 <0.00020 <0.00050 0.0773 <0.00050 0.0367 <0.00050 0.0055 0.0078 <0.00100 <0.00100 89.3 <x> 0.0772 0.0372 0.0054 0.0074 89.3 SD 0.0002 0.0005 0.0001 0.0003 0.04 RSD (%rel.) 0.25 1.42 1.38 4.22 0.04 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys Table 6: 33 XGM/... 9 Gunmetal Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Cr As Sb Cd 1 5.71 5.31 4.65 0.0540 0.00085 0.122 0.730 0.0276 0.00057 0.0534 0.0789 0.0048 2 5.73 5.24 4.62 0.0540 0.00087 0.121 0.730 0.0274 0.00054 0.0533 0.0788 0.0048 3 5.74 5.54 4.67 0.0546 0.00080 0.121 0.728 0.0277 0.00057 0.0539 0.0797 0.0049 4 5.74 5.33 4.67 0.0545 0.00078 0.121 0.727 0.0277 0.00058 0.0536 0.0809 0.0048 5 5.74 5.49 4.68 0.0542 0.00076 0.121 0.728 0.0277 0.00058 0.0537 0.0790 0.0049 6 5.74 5.39 4.61 0.0564 0.00079 0.123 0.727 0.0305 0.00055 0.0523 0.0769 0.0048 7 5.70 5.40 4.65 0.0551 0.00076 0.123 0.729 0.0276 0.00055 0.0537 0.0803 0.0048 8 5.71 5.58 4.67 0.0543 0.00076 0.121 0.727 0.0276 0.00058 0.0533 0.0792 0.0049 <x> 5.73 5.44 4.66 0.0549 0.00077 0.122 0.728 0.0282 0.00057 0.0533 0.0793 0.0048 SD 0.017 0.087 0.025 0.0008 0.00001 0.0010 0.0008 0.0011 0.00001 0.0005 0.0014 0.00005 RSD (%rel.) 0.30 1.61 0.54 1.48 0.80 0.11 4.04 1.00 1.73 Element Bi Ag Co Al S Se Cu 1 0.0164 0.0525 0.0304 0.0548 0.0466 <0.00100 83.1 2 0.0158 0.0521 0.0305 0.0547 0.0477 <0.00100 83.1 3 0.0167 0.0534 0.0304 0.0549 0.0480 <0.00100 82.8 4 0.0163 0.0532 0.0304 0.0549 0.0473 <0.00100 83.0 5 0.0169 0.0539 0.0303 0.0548 0.0459 <0.00100 82.8 6 0.0164 0.0523 0.0305 0.0580 0.0463 <0.00100 83.0 7 0.0163 0.0534 0.0306 0.0556 0.0473 <0.00100 83.0 8 0.0166 0.0540 0.0303 0.0550 0.0471 <0.00100 82.8 <x> 0.0165 0.0534 0.0304 0.0557 0.0468 82.9 SD 0.0002 0.0006 0.0001 0.0012 0.0006 0.10 RSD (%rel.) 1.38 1.14 0.38 2.16 1.23 0.12 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 10 Table 7: RC36/... Cu/Sn-Pb-Alloy Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg As Sb Bi 1 1.20 13.65 7.33 0.0053 <0.00050 0.0369 1.54 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0148 0.0933 0.0053 2 1.22 13.16 7.40 0.0056 <0.00050 0.0367 1.54 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0148 0.0943 0.0050 3 1.22 13.05 7.40 0.0054 <0.00050 0.0366 1.55 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0146 0.0936 0.0047 4 1.23 13.05 7.39 0.0055 <0.00050 0.0365 1.54 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0148 0.0941 0.0044 5 1.23 12.97 7.44 0.0055 <0.00050 0.0365 1.55 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0149 0.0940 0.0051 6 1.20 13.74 7.43 0.0055 <0.00050 0.0365 1.54 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0151 0.0955 0.0058 7 1.22 13.14 7.44 0.0053 <0.00050 0.0371 1.53 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0148 0.0950 0.0048 8 1.21 13.58 7.37 0.0056 <0.00050 0.0368 1.54 <0.00100 <0.00010 0.0149 0.0948 0.0052 <x> 1.22 13.30 7.41 0.0055 0.0367 1.54 0.0149 0.0947 0.0051 SD 0.012 0.306 0.029 0.0001 0.0002 0.006 0.0001 0.0006 0.0005 RSD (%rel.) 0.96 2.30 0.39 0.65 0.41 0.74 0.60 Element Ag Co Al S Cu 1 0.0119 0.0017 0.00045 0.0200 76.1 2 0.0120 0.0015 0.00040 0.0200 76.5 3 0.0121 0.0014 0.00047 0.0200 76.6 4 0.0121 0.0015 0.00045 0.0203 76.6 5 0.0121 0.0015 0.00041 0.0203 76.6 6 0.0122 0.0016 0.00042 0.0206 75.9 7 0.0121 0.0014 0.00038 0.0200 76.5 8 0.0121 0.0014 0.00042 0.0202 76.1 <x> 0.0121 0.0015 0.00042 0.0203 76.3 SD 0.00004 0.0001 0.00002 0.0002 0.29 0.96 0.38 RSD (%rel.) 0.33 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 11 Table 8: BS955/... Cu/Al-Alloy Element Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg Cr As Bi 1 0.137 0.0087 0.0084 0.0126 0.067 3.90 4.26 0.0255 0.00092 0.0146 0.0076 <0.00050 2 0.136 0.0088 0.0085 0.0128 0.067 3.88 4.26 0.0251 0.00092 0.0146 0.0079 <0.00050 3 0.136 0.0082 0.0081 0.0129 0.067 3.89 4.26 0.0252 0.00093 0.0145 0.0078 <0.00050 4 0.137 0.0084 0.0085 0.0126 0.067 3.93 4.28 0.0251 0.00092 0.0146 0.0077 <0.00050 5 0.136 0.0077 0.0080 0.0125 0.067 3.90 4.26 0.0252 0.00094 0.0145 0.0076 <0.00050 6 0.137 0.0079 0.0081 0.0125 0.067 3.92 4.26 0.0252 0.00091 0.0146 0.0075 <0.00050 7 0.136 0.0078 0.0080 0.0124 0.067 3.90 4.25 0.0253 0.00092 0.0146 0.0077 <0.00050 8 0.136 0.0079 0.0081 0.0125 0.067 3.90 4.24 0.0252 0.00092 0.0146 0.0073 <0.00050 <x> 0.136 0.0079 0.0081 0.0125 0.067 3.91 4.26 0.0252 0.00092 0.0146 0.0076 SD 0.0005 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.013 0.013 0.0001 0.00001 0.00004 0.0001 RSD (%rel.) 0.36 0.51 0.13 0.32 0.31 0.25 Element Ag Co Al Cu 1 0.0143 0.0127 10.75 80.8 2 0.0144 0.0129 10.72 80.8 3 0.0144 0.0128 10.78 80.8 4 0.0143 0.0128 10.72 80.8 5 0.0143 0.0126 10.75 80.8 6 0.0144 0.0127 10.78 80.7 7 0.0144 0.0126 10.75 80.8 8 0.0145 0.0126 10.72 80.8 <x> 0.0144 0.0127 10.74 80.8 SD 0.0001 0.0001 0.0224 0.04 RSD (%rel.) 0.52 0.63 0.21 0.05 0.27 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 12 Table 9: 4766/... Element Cu/Be-Co-Alloy Zn Pb Sn P Mn Fe Ni Si Mg Cr Ag Co 1 0.0715 0.0534 0.0998 0.0068 0.010 0.158 0.204 0.115 0.0063 0.075 0.0063 0.646 2 0.0723 0.0545 0.1010 0.0069 0.009 0.155 0.204 0.114 0.0062 0.116 0.0064 0.642 3 0.0711 0.0534 0.0988 0.0068 0.010 0.165 0.200 0.119 0.0066 0.097 0.0063 0.650 4 0.0721 0.0542 0.1010 0.0069 0.009 0.159 0.203 0.115 0.0064 0.091 0.0063 0.646 5 0.0714 0.0539 0.0997 0.0069 0.010 0.162 0.200 0.117 0.0065 0.099 0.0063 0.647 6 0.0720 0.0534 0.0988 0.0069 0.009 0.160 0.202 0.116 0.0064 0.079 0.0063 0.643 7 0.0721 0.0538 0.1010 0.0068 0.009 0.157 0.202 0.114 0.0063 0.087 0.0064 0.646 8 0.0718 0.0546 0.0998 0.0070 0.009 0.162 0.202 0.116 0.0065 0.065 0.0063 0.647 <x> 0.0719 0.0540 0.1001 0.0069 0.009 0.160 0.202 0.116 0.0064 0.084 0.0063 0.646 SD 0.0003 0.0004 0.0008 0.0001 0.0002 0.0019 0.0010 0.0010 0.00007 0.0117 0.00004 0.0015 RSD (%rel.) 0.37 0.74 0.84 2.36 1.19 0.49 0.88 Element Al Be Cu 1 0.0254 1.60 96.8 2 0.0252 1.59 96.9 3 0.0254 1.59 96.5 4 0.0253 1.60 96.8 5 0.0254 1.59 96.6 6 0.0252 1.58 96.7 7 0.0253 1.60 96.8 8 0.0252 1.59 96.7 <x> 0.0253 1.59 96.7 SD 0.0001 0.007 0.07 RSD (%rel.) 0.30 0.47 0.08 0.23 Analysis of Copper and its Alloys 13 CONTACT US REQUEST A QUICK QUOTE REQUEST A FREE DEMO RESOURCE LIBRARY www.spectro.com GERMANY SPECTRO Analytical Instruments GmbH Boschstrasse 10 D-47533 Kleve Tel. +49.2821.892.0 spectro.sales@ametek.com U.S.A. 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