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NEBOSH
MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY
UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
Open Book Examination
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Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 1 of 9
Task 1: Indicators of health and safety culture
1
Implementation of a Workplace Inspection Programme: Urban Oak Designs has
initiated a new workplace inspection program to improve safety oversight.
Training for Factory Supervisors: Supervisors are trained to conduct these safety
inspections, enhancing their ability to identify and mitigate risks.
Use of Checklists: The introduction of checklists for inspections helps ensure that
supervisors follow a standardized approach to identifying hazards.
Engagement with Workers: The policy includes regular feedback meetings with
workers, promoting open communication about health and safety.
Documentation and Version Control: There is a systematic approach to recordkeeping, with careful version control of safety documents and procedures.
Senior Management Involvement: A senior manager supports the safety initiatives,
providing resources and advocating for the programme.
Consultation Meetings: The organization conducts consultation meetings, which
include all workers, ensuring everyone is informed and involved in safety processes.
Feedback Mechanisms: Regular feedback sessions are held, allowing for ongoing
discussion about safety practices and issues.
Proactive Accident Investigation: Despite some resistance, the Health and Safety
Officer (HSO) insists on thorough investigations of accidents rather than dismissing them
as mere human error.
Support for Workers with Disabilities: Special arrangements are made to
accommodate a factory supervisor with hearing difficulties, showing a commitment to
inclusivity.
Positive Reinforcement: Supervisors who observe safe practices during inspections
often give praise, reinforcing good behavior.
Continuous Improvement: The HSO actively seeks to improve safety measures
based on past incidents and feedback.
Comprehensive Training: New employees like the contractor are briefed and trained,
though there is room for improvement here.
Risk Management Procedures: The scenario reflects an underlying structure for
managing risks, including the permit-to-work system, despite some execution flaws.
Responsiveness to Issues: The HSO is responsive to safety concerns and feedback
from staff, indicating a dynamic approach to managing health and safety.
Safety Awareness: The presence of signs warning about machinery issues (despite
the contractor’s initial oversight) indicates an effort to communicate hazards.
Safety Compliance: The existence of a lockout-tagout (LOTO) policy, which is
intended to ensure machines are safely isolated during maintenance, shows a
foundational safety practice.
Inclusion of External Contractors: Contractors are integrated into the health and
safety protocols, such as the permit-to-work system, expanding safety culture beyond just
direct employees.
Task 2: Actions of a labour inspector
2 (a)
Regulatory Compliance: Ensuring that the workplace adheres to all applicable health
and safety laws and regulations.
Accident Investigation: Investigating workplace accidents to determine the causes
and whether they could have been prevented.
Risk Assessment: Assessing risk management procedures to ensure they are
adequate and effectively implemented.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 2 of 9
Worker Education and Training Evaluation: Evaluating the effectiveness of training
and education programs related to health and safety that the employer provides to the
workers.
Recommendation for Improvements: Providing recommendations on how to
improve safety measures and practices in the workplace.
Enforcement of Safety Standards: Enforcing safety standards by issuing warnings
or penalties for non-compliance.
Documentation Review: Reviewing documentation related to health and safety,
including accident reports, risk assessments, and training records to ensure they are
complete and up to date.
2 (b)
Issue Citations or Fines: If violations are found, the inspector may issue citations or
fines to the company for failing to adhere to safety regulations.
Order Remedial Actions: The inspector might order remedial actions to correct the
identified safety hazards, such as repairing or replacing unsafe equipment.
Recommend Safety Training: Based on observations and findings, the inspector
could recommend additional safety training sessions for workers and supervisors.
Schedule Follow-Up Inspections: To ensure compliance and that all recommended
changes have been implemented effectively, follow-up inspections might be scheduled.
Hold Meetings with Management: Discuss findings with management and provide
feedback on areas requiring improvement.
Evaluate Incident and Injury Reports: Analyze the details of reported incidents and
injuries to identify patterns or areas of concern that need addressing.
Review and Assess Permit-to-Work System: Given the mishandling of the PTW
system in the scenario, the inspector could specifically review this system, ensuring that it
is used properly and that all necessary safety checks are conducted.
Task 3: Workplace inspection checklists
3
Consistency Across Inspections: Checklists ensure that inspections are performed
consistently, regardless of which supervisor conducts them, maintaining uniform safety
standards throughout the factory.
Comprehensive Coverage: By outlining specific items to be inspected, checklists
ensure a thorough evaluation of all relevant safety factors, minimizing the risk of
overlooking potential hazards.
Efficiency and Time Management: Checklists streamline the inspection process,
making it more efficient by guiding supervisors through the inspection, saving time and
ensuring no steps are missed.
Documentation and Record-Keeping: Completed checklists provide documented
evidence of inspections, which can be crucial for audits, regulatory compliance, and in
case of legal or insurance issues.
Accountability: Having a checklist that needs to be completed and signed off
increases accountability among supervisors and workers to meet the set safety
standards.
Identifying Trends and Patterns: Regular use of checklists can help in identifying
trends or recurring safety issues over time, allowing for systematic problem solving and
improvements.
Prompt Identification of Issues: Checklists allow for the immediate identification of
safety issues that can be addressed on the spot, preventing potential accidents.
Training and Induction: They serve as an effective training tool for new staff and
supervisors, providing them with clear guidelines on what standards need to be upheld
during inspections.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 3 of 9
Enhancing Safety Culture: The routine use of checklists emphasizes the importance
of safety and compliance, reinforcing a culture of safety within the organization.
Feedback and Continuous Improvement: Checklists can be updated based on
feedback and new insights, promoting continuous improvement in safety practices.
Facilitating Compliance with Regulations: Checklists help ensure that all regulatory
safety requirements are consistently met, aiding compliance with health and safety laws.
Visual Reminder of Safety Priorities: Physically having a checklist during
inspections serves as a visual reminder of safety priorities and procedures.
Empowerment of Employees: Workers see that inspections are conducted seriously
and systematically, which can empower them to speak up about safety concerns and feel
confident that issues will be addressed.
Task 4: Individual human factors
4
Complacency: Supervisor X seems to have a dismissive attitude towards accidents,
attributing them to human error and suggesting they are unavoidable. This complacency
likely affects his vigilance and thoroughness in enforcing safety protocols.
Stress and Overload: The scenario indicates that Supervisor X was visibly stressed
and had to leave to resolve another issue quickly, suggesting he might have been
overloaded with tasks. This can lead to rushed decisions and overlooking important
safety checks.
Poor Communication: Supervisor X provided only a brief tour and inadequate
guidance to the contractor. Effective communication is crucial for safety, and his failure to
properly communicate and ensure understanding of safety procedures contributed to the
accident.
Neglect of Procedure: Despite knowing the importance of lockout-tagout (LOTO)
procedures, Supervisor X assured the permit issuer that the machine had been isolated
without actually ensuring it was done. This neglect directly compromised safety.
Attitude towards Safety: Supervisor X's belief that most accidents are due to human
error and are unavoidable may lead to a lesser focus on proactive safety measures and
dependency on reactive approaches only.
Failure in Supervision: He did not supervise the contractor adequately after initiating
the task. Effective supervision includes ongoing support and availability to answer
questions, which he failed to provide.
Mismanagement of Documentation: He instructed the contractor to proceed with the
job despite the absence of essential safety documentation like the risk assessment and
method statement. This shows a disregard for established safety protocols.
Inadequate Response to Signs of Risk: Although not explicitly stated, Supervisor
X's general attitude and approach suggest a potential disregard for warning signs or
feedback that could indicate safety risks, evidenced by his overall handling of safety and
accidents.
Task 5: Contractor management
5
Inadequate Orientation: Supervisor X provided only a brief tour of the area, which
likely did not cover all necessary safety protocols and emergency procedures relevant to
the contractor’s tasks.
Insufficient Communication: After the initial brief tour, the contractor was left without
adequate guidance or further communication, limiting their understanding of the specific
work environment and procedures.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 4 of 9
Neglect of Essential Documentation: Supervisor X allowed the contractor to begin
work without having the necessary risk assessment and method statement, which are
crucial for ensuring that the contractor is aware of specific hazards and the proper
methods for safe work.
Lack of Supervision: After the initial interaction, Supervisor X did not check in on the
contractor’s progress or provide supervision, which is critical especially when new or
external workers are involved.
Failure to Ensure LOTO Procedures: The machine was not properly isolated under
the lockout-tagout system, which should have been verified before allowing the
contractor to begin maintenance work.
Poor Handling of Permit-to-Work (PTW): Although a PTW was issued, the proper
procedures and checks associated with it, such as ensuring machine isolation, were not
followed, exposing the contractor to unnecessary risk.
Stress and Rushed Decisions: Supervisor X’s stressed behavior and quick
departure to handle another issue might have signaled to the contractor that speed was
prioritized over thoroughness and safety.
No Availability for Queries: The contractor had questions during the task but was
unable to find Supervisor X or any other responsible person, indicating poor
arrangements for ongoing support.
Inadequate Safety Signage and Information: The contractor discovered a safety
sign only after the accident, which was not prominently displayed or explained
beforehand.
Overloaded Permit Issuer: The PTW issuer was handling multiple permits, possibly
leading to rushed or less thorough handling of each individual permit, including the
contractor’s.
Assumptions Instead of Verifications: The contractor was forced to make
assumptions about the machine operation due to the lack of available supervision and
clear instructions, which is a direct result of poor management.
Failure to Implement Safety Recommendations: The scenario suggests that even
though there were known issues with the machine (as indicated by the safety sign found
later), these were not communicated or resolved prior to allowing the contractor to work
on it.
Lack of Empowerment for Safety Compliance: The contractor was not empowered
or instructed to insist on complete safety compliance, such as refusing to work until the
LOTO and proper documentation were confirmed, reflecting a broader management
failure to prioritize and enforce safety protocols.
Task 6: Active and reactive monitoring measures
6 (a)
Regular Safety Audits: Conduct comprehensive safety audits to evaluate the
adherence to safety protocols across all departments and identify potential hazards
before they lead to incidents.
Enhanced Training Programs: Develop and implement regular training sessions
focusing on specific safety protocols, emergency response, and accident prevention,
tailored to the unique needs of different areas within the factory.
Safety Observations: Increase the frequency and scope of safety observations,
where supervisors and the HSO watch operations to identify unsafe practices and
conditions proactively.
Preventive Maintenance Checks: Implement a rigorous schedule of preventive
maintenance for all machinery to ensure they are in safe working condition and reduce
the risk of accidents caused by equipment failure.
Safety Meetings and Drills: Hold regular safety meetings and drills involving all
employees to reinforce safety knowledge and ensure everyone knows how to act in an
emergency.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 5 of 9
Employee Safety Suggestions: Establish a system for employees to report potential
hazards or suggest improvements related to safety, with the assurance that these
suggestions will be taken seriously and acted upon.
Risk Assessment Updates: Regularly update risk assessments to reflect changes in
the workplace environment, new equipment, or processes, ensuring that all potential
hazards are accounted for and mitigated.
6 (b)
Incident Investigations: Conduct thorough investigations of all incidents and nearmisses to identify their root causes and prevent recurrence.
Accident Reporting System: Maintain a robust system for reporting all types of
accidents and near-misses, ensuring that every incident is documented and reviewed.
Performance Reviews: Regularly review the performance of safety protocols and
procedures, especially after an incident, to assess their effectiveness.
Injury and Illness Records: Keep detailed records of all injuries and illnesses
occurring in the workplace, analyzing them for patterns that might indicate systemic
issues.
Review of Safety Procedures: After any incident, review relevant safety procedures
to determine if they need revision or if additional training is necessary.
Feedback Loops: Create feedback loops where employees can learn from past
incidents, including what was learned and what changes were made.
Compliance Checks: Perform regular checks to ensure that all corrective actions
after an incident are implemented and adhered to.
Equipment Failure Analysis: Analyze any equipment failures that lead to incidents to
prevent similar occurrences in the future.
Worker Rehab and Return-to-Work Programs: Monitor and manage the
rehabilitation of injured workers and their integration back into work, ensuring that they
can return safely.
Safety Meeting Follow-ups: Follow up on issues discussed in safety meetings,
especially those that relate to specific incidents, to ensure that preventive measures are
taken.
Legal Compliance Review: After incidents, review compliance with legal standards to
ensure that all regulations are being met and address any discrepancies.
Health Surveillance: Conduct health surveillance of employees who may be exposed
to hazardous conditions as a way to detect early signs of work-related ill health.
Analysis of Safety Trends: Use data analytics to identify trends in safety incidents
and address areas of concern systematically.
Third-Party Safety Reviews: Engage external safety consultants to review incident
investigations and the overall safety framework to provide an unbiased perspective.
Emergency Response Evaluation: After any emergency, evaluate the effectiveness
of the emergency response and make necessary adjustments to the emergency
preparedness plan.
Safety Culture Surveys: Periodically conduct surveys to assess the safety culture
within the company and identify areas where employee attitudes towards safety could be
improved.
Task 7: Policy review
7
Last Update Timeline: The last policy review was in January 2021, indicating that the
policy may not reflect the most current safety standards or legislative changes.
Introduction of New Programs: The implementation of the new workplace inspection
program suggests that the policy needs updating to include guidelines and procedures
relevant to this initiative.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 6 of 9
Recent Accident Incident: The accident involving the contractor indicates potential
gaps in the current safety practices, necessitating a review to address these issues.
Changing Work Environment: As the factory's equipment, technology, and work
processes evolve, the health and safety policy should be updated to address these new
conditions and risks.
Compliance with Legislation: Regular reviews ensure the policy remains compliant
with current health and safety legislation, which can change over time.
Feedback from Employees: Employee feedback and suggestions, particularly from
the new inspection program, can provide insights into areas where the policy may be
lacking or unclear.
Management Attitudes: The differing attitudes towards safety within the management
team suggest that the policy may need to be reinforced or adjusted to ensure it is taken
seriously by all, particularly those skeptical about the value of health and safety
initiatives.
Incorporation of Best Practices: New industry best practices and safety research
findings should be incorporated into the policy to enhance overall safety performance.
Results from Incident Investigations: Findings from investigations, like the one
described involving the contractor, often reveal systemic issues that should be addressed
in the policy.
Technological Advancements: As new technologies are adopted within the
workplace, the health and safety policy must be updated to include safety protocols
specific to these technologies.
Risk Assessment Updates: As risks evolve or new risks are identified, the policy
should be updated to reflect these changes and how they should be managed.
Training and Competency: The policy review could address needs for updated
training and competency requirements, especially for supervisors and those involved in
safety-critical roles.
Alignment with Business Goals: To ensure that safety initiatives are aligned with
overall business objectives and receive the necessary support and resources, the policy
may need to be updated to better reflect and support these goals.
Task 8: Assessing the permit-to-work (PTW) system arrangements
8
Lack of Rigorous Enforcement: The PTW system's rules were not strictly enforced,
as seen when Supervisor X allowed the contractor to proceed without completing all
necessary paperwork.
Inadequate Supervision: Supervisor X failed to provide adequate supervision and
guidance once the PTW was issued, which is crucial for ensuring safety procedures are
followed.
Miscommunication of Machine Status: The PTW issuer was incorrectly informed by
Supervisor X that the machine had been isolated, which did not happen, indicating a
breakdown in communication.
Overburdened PTW Issuer: The issuer was handling up to 10 PTWs a day,
suggesting that the workload might be too high to manage each PTW with the necessary
attention to detail and safety.
Failure in Isolation Procedures: The key safety step of lockout-tagout (LOTO) was
assured but not implemented, a critical miss in the PTW process.
Documentation Issues: While the PTW forms were completed and authorized, the
failure to adhere to the procedures outlined in them, especially regarding equipment
isolation, undermines the system's integrity.
Insufficient Risk Assessment: The contractor began work without having the risk
assessment and method statement on hand, which are essential components of a PTW.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 7 of 9
Lack of Continuity and Follow-up: There appears to be no system in place to
ensure continuous monitoring or follow-up once a PTW is issued, which could catch and
correct oversights.
Inadequate Training and Awareness: It seems there may be a gap in training or
awareness regarding the importance of strictly following PTW protocols, as evidenced by
Supervisor X's casual approach.
Emergency Readiness: There is no indication that emergency procedures were
clearly communicated to the contractor, a necessary part of the PTW process.
Poor Handling of Special Conditions: The scenario does not suggest any special
conditions or additional safety measures were considered, even though the machine had
known issues.
Lack of Contractor Integration: The contractor was not fully integrated into the
safety culture and protocols at the factory, indicating a need for better inclusion in the
PTW process.
Verification Failures: There was no verification that the safety measures stated in the
PTW (like LOTO) were actually implemented, pointing to a need for better checks.
Limited Accountability Measures: The process lacks robust mechanisms to hold
individuals accountable for not following the PTW system correctly, particularly in terms
of safety breaches.
Inconsistent Application Across Shifts: The scenario implies potential
inconsistencies in PTW application across different shifts or areas, particularly if similar
oversights occur elsewhere.
Task 9: Communication
9
Workplace Inspection Programme: The introduction and implementation of the
workplace inspection programme was communicated across all levels, involving training
and the use of checklists to ensure understanding and compliance.
Feedback Meetings: The HSO coordinates weekly feedback meetings, providing a
platform for open dialogue between workers, supervisors, and management about safety
observations and issues.
HSO's Proactive Communication: The Health and Safety Officer actively
communicates with external parties, such as the contractor’s company, to gather
information and discuss safety, showing a commitment to thorough investigative
practices.
Training Sessions: Factory supervisors are trained in how to conduct workplace
inspections, which involves effective communication of what to look for and how to
address issues.
Praise and Constructive Feedback: Supervisors are noted to give praise and
constructive feedback during inspections, fostering a positive atmosphere and
encouraging safe practices.
Safety Documentation: The careful documentation and version control of safety
procedures and protocols ensure that all employees have access to up-to-date and clear
information.
Senior Manager Support: A senior manager supports the safety initiatives, providing
resources and facilitating communication about the importance of health and safety at the
factory.
Consultation Meetings: The factory holds consultation meetings which include all
workers, ensuring that everyone has a voice and an opportunity to contribute to safety
discussions.Contact with us for Complete Solution and Guidline of IG-1 & IG2
Clear Reporting Structures: The HSO’s reporting to a supportive senior manager,
who acts as a champion for the inspection programme, facilitates clear and supportive
communication channels.
Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 8 of 9
Accident Reporting and Investigation: The HSO communicates the need for a
thorough investigation of accidents rather than accepting ‘human error’ as a default
conclusion, promoting a culture of continuous improvement.
Communication of Risks: During the permit-to-work process, risks and necessary
precautions are communicated to contractors, though improvements are needed, the
intent to communicate effectively is present.
Emergency Communication Protocols: The scenario implies the existence of
protocols for emergency situations, though details are sparse, indicating some level of
preparedness.
Inclusion and Accessibility: Special arrangements are made for a factory supervisor
with hearing difficulties, showing an awareness of and adaptation to communication
needs.
Role of Documentation: The use of self-duplicating PTW forms and safety checklists
aids in maintaining clear and consistent communication regarding responsibilities and
tasks.
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End of examination
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Answer sheet IG1-0041-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug24 © NEBOSH 2024
page 9 of 9