Architecture and Interior Design Department
Building/Design Technology I
Part 6
Dr. Soheir Hegazy
Thermal and Moisture insulation:
Thermal insulation functions:
1. Controlling and
preventing the heat
flow via the building’s
exterior wall.
2. Reducing energy
consumption by cooling
fixtures needed for human
comfort.
(Sandru, 2009)
General characteristics of Moisture & thermal protection:
1. The roof surface needs more thermal insulation than floors or walls.
2. A flat surface must contain a continuous water proof membrane.
3. The main techniques of controlling heat gain and loss are:
- Proper choice of the building’s materials.
-
Proper installation of insulation
- Building’s orientation. (Allen, 1999 ) & (Ching, 2001).
(Photo taken by Dr. Hegazy, SQU campus)
Thermal Insulation Materials
-
All effective thermal insulations
contain some form of dead air domain.
General Characteristics:
- It consists of mineral wool or glass.
(Seville, 2010)
- It is made in different lengths,
thicknesses, and (40.6 or 61 cm)
width to fit between studs’ joints.
.
247Resaz ( 2017).
- Sometimes it is faced with a vapor
retarder of metal foil or a plastic sheet.
- It is also used for
- sound-insulation purposes.
(Xtratherm, 2019)
-
It is a board of cellular glass or
foamed plastic.
-
Cellular glass insulation is moisture
retarder, fire resistant, however it has
a lower thermal resistant factor than
(Made-in-China, n.d)
foamed plastic insulations.
-
Foamed plastic is flammable
and must be protected
by a vapor barrier.
(EPS Recycling, 2016)
It is a frothed plastic which is
injected or sprayed inside a gap.
- It is poured by hand.
(Hotoimg, n.d)
(Building Green, 2018)
(Enviromate, 2017)
-It utilizes a high reflectivity material
that is a poor energy radiator.
-
Examples: foil-backed gypsum
board, paper-backed aluminum or foil
(Watt, 2010) & (Ching, 2001).
(Alibaba, 1999)
Flat Roof Insulation
-Thermal insulation has three typical placements:
1- Underneath roof.
-
Typically consists of
Batt insulation
2- Between roofing membrane
(Aliciajuarrero, 2018)
and roof
-
It may be a foamed
plastic board.
(SuperHomes, 2013)
3- Above the roofing membrane
- Here, the thermal insulation material
protects the roofing
membrane against heat.
-
The thermal insulation
Must be water proof
example: cellular glass
boards (Watt, 2010) & (Ching, 2001).
(SuperHomes, 2013)
Insulating Walls
(lomsimg.pw, n.d)
(Kitchen Décor, n.d.)
Rigid foam insulation is placed
on the exterior surface of walls.
It requires a protective wall
finish such as acrylic stucco
Rigid foam is placed on the
interior surface of walls. it
requires a fire resistant wall
finish such as gypsum wall
board. .
(Robust Details, 2004)
(Masonry Cavity Walls)
Moisture Control
Moisture disadvantages :
1. Moisture in the form of water vapor will sometimes condense into
water and harm a building.
2. Condensation can reduce the efficiency
of thermal insulation
3. Building finishing materials may
absorb condensed moisture
and deteriorate.
(Hegazy, S., 2015)
Moisture Control
Moisture must be:
1. Prevented from penetrating the external structure.
2. Ventilated out of the building before condensing into liquid.
3. Raising the surface temperature of windows with warm air or
using double or triple glazing which control condensation.
Vapor Retarder Materials
Definition:
It is hydrophobic material added to a building to stop moisture from
penetrating and condensing.
- It may be: Bituminous paint, sheet waterproof membrane, polyethylene
or others (Allen, 1999 ) & (Ching, 2001).
(Alibaba, 2019)
polyethylene
(GharPedia, 2019)
Bituminous paint
(Trade India, n.d)
sheet waterproof membrane
Vegetative Roofing
Light
weight soil
(Frost, n.d)
Importance:
 Finishing materials have a large effect on the
aesthetic characteristics of a space.
 Modular characteristics of a finishing
material can regulate the dimensions of a floor, wall, and ceiling
surface.
(Waldorf, 2016)
Menards (n.d).
 The texture, pattern and color and the way the different
materials join each other should be carefully considered.
(Stevens, n.d)
Star Care Hospital, Oman, a photo taken by Hegazy, S.
1. Plaster
Definition:
It refers to a variety of different mixtures applied as a paste to the
wall or ceiling and allowed to dry and harden.
Types of plaster:
Regular plaster utilized in buildings which is prepared by blending sand,
calcined gypsum, water, with a variety of added substances to improve
its qualities and setting.
(GeoTech Nano Chemicals, n.d)
- It is a fire-resistant, lightweight, and durable substance.
- It could be applied on any surface which is not exposed to
wet or moist status.
It has another technical term; stucco. It could be applied to external
walls and used in any space which is might be exposed to moisture.
- It is a type of plaster that absorb sound as a result of having a lot of
pores (low density).
- Clay plaster creates healthy and unique spaces.
- It could be utilized in residential, shopping, public and
working spaces with a minimal effect on the environment.
- Obtainable in a wide
set of textures,
three-dimensional
designs, and colors.
(Watt, 2010) & (Chin, 2001)
(Bimo.unpasoadelante, n.d.)
Applying plaster
- Plaster is prepared in layers with different number
according to the strength and type of the base.
- Plaster could be:
-Two-coat plaster
-Three-coat plaster
-
Plaster layers:
1- Scratch coat
The first coat, must be channeled to provide a better link.
2- Brown coat
- Roughly finished.
3- Finish coat
It is the last coat which could be the finishing material or a
support for
another one.
(ILP, n.d)
2. Fiberglass
General Characteristics:
1. Panels of reinforced fiberglass most
often ribbed or corrugated in flat sheets.
2. Translucent, white, or colored.
(Trade India, 2019)
3. Moderate cost and durable.
4. Good insulator and weather
resistant.
5. Range of colors with an ability to
retain color over time (Allen, 1999 ) &
(Chin, 2001)
(Indiamart, 2019)
A house in WADI AL ARBAEEN, Oman
photos taken by Hegazy, S.
(Natural Stone Warehouse, n.d.)
A house in South Al Hail, photos taken by the instructor
Uses:
1. Room dividers.
2. Translucent lighting
panels.
1. Sliding doors.
(DipCRAFT, 2017)
(IQ Option, 2018)
2. Furniture.
Exterior cladding (Allen, 1999 ) & (Chin, 2001).
(Botanilandscape, 2019)
(Lucia, 2017)
3. Metal (panels and tiles)
Frank Gehry Walt Disney Concert Hall
I.
Stainless steel
General Characteristics:
-
Plain or grained.
-
Strong and not easily
damaged.
-
(Salih, 2018)
Sheraton Hotel, Oman.
Photo taken by Dr. Hegazy,
Not affected by
acids, steam, or
alkalis.
(Mavinewy, 2019)
(Alibaba, 2019-b)
II . Glazed1 Aluminum
General Characteristics:
- Coated with permanent glaze of
porcelain, enamel, or epoxy .
-
Lightweight and strong, but subject to dents that are difficult
to repair.
-
Moderate cost.
-
Enameled in a variety of colors.
-
Easy maintenance.
1-An opaque or translucent glassy substance
applied to metallic surfaces as a protective coating.
Usage
- Kitchens, bathrooms,
and utility rooms.
- Residential and
commercial buildings.
(Watt, 2010) & (Chin, 2001)
(Houzz, 2019)
(Lily Pad Cottage , 2017)
(Exporters India, n.d)
(WFM India, 2016)
References:
Alibaba (1999). Alum Foil Faced Polyisocyanurate Pir Board Insulation [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://sc01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1dmhkHF
XXXXcoXXXXq6xXFXXXy/Alum-Foil-Faced-Polyisocyanurate-PIR-Board-Insulation.jpg_350x350.jpg, Access: November 2018.
Alibaba (2019 -a). 1mm Thickness Hdpe Sheet Liner Black Roll For Earthwork [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.alibaba.com/productdetail/1mm-Thickness-HDPE-Sheet-Liner-Black_60695114809.html
Alibaba (2019-b). Decoration material stainless steel wall panels metal screen for restaurant partitions [Photograph]. Retrieved From:
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Decoration-material-stainless-steel-wall-panels_60673087791.html
Aliciajuarrero ( 2018). Astonishing Sound Insulation Between Floors Of Underfloor Suspended Timber Great Home, Retrieved From:
http://aliciajuarrero.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/astonishing-sound-insulation-between-floors-of-underfloor-suspended-timbergreat-home.jpg, Access: November 2018.
Bimo.unpasoadelante (n.d.) Clay works - Format - unpasoadelante.co Retrieved From: https://clay-works.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/
Clayworks-rustic-clay-plaster-finishes-textures-colours-modern-stylish-interiors-62.jpg, Accessed November 2018.
Botanilandscape (2019). Russell Woodard Spun Fiberglass Settee Fiberglass Outdoor Furniture[Photograph]. Retrieved From:
http://botanilandscape.me/ideas/
Borax Retrieved From: https://www.borax.com/applications/ceramics-enamels-glazes
BuildingGreen (2018). EPA Raises Health Concerns with Spray Foam Insulation [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.buildinggreen.com/
sites/default/files/articles/6950426743_abf3c76f0e_b.jpg, Access: November 2018.
DipCRAFT (2017). Fiberglass Roof Panels [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://dipcraft.com/fiberglass-roof-panels.php
Enviromate (2017). Non-combustable Loose Fill Expanded Glass Bead Aggregate [Photograph]. Retrieved From:https://
d2qf2bj5yfehsm.cloudfront.net/ unsafe/480x/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3-media.dev.eu.enviromate.kcmcdn.com/
listingphotos/CX3YKV3FXTVN25SCXM31YLSE28KF42ENJVREVBTANR9.jpg, Access: November 2018.
EPS Recycling (2016). Advantages And Disadvantages Of Polyethylene Plastic [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://1.bp.blogspot.com/Oybangtx0d8/Vxb5PKu6rpI/AAAAAAAAABs/yikTgyOFLnk-bXU4IzKAn8MBbNjcnwuGQCLcB/s1600/images.jpg,
Access: November 2018.
Exporters India (n.d.) Aluminium Modular Kitchen Manufacturer in Delhi India, Retrieved From: https://img2.exportersindia.com/product _
images/bc-full/dir_175/5234255/aluminium-modular-kitchen-1516786531-3604554.jpeg, Access: November 2018.
Frost, T. (n.d.) Green roofs environmental benefits Green roofs can be advantageous, Retrieved From: https://i.pinimg.com/736x/57/bc/e3/57
bce36b2ddb7f8b77acf721b37219f1--architecture-details-green-architecture.jpg, Access: November 2018.
GharPedia (2019). Bituminous Paint: All You Need to know [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://gharpedia.com/blog/bituminous-paint/
Hegazy, S. (2015) Conservation of historical buildings – The Omani–French museum as a case study [Photograph]. HBRC Journal : Egypt. p.12
Hotoimg (n.d). Insulation Baffles for Soffit Vents insulation is installed in an attic [Image]. Retrieved From: https://
hotoimg.pw/Insulation-Baffles-for-Soffit-Vents-insulation-is-installed-in-an-attic.html
Houzz (2019). Chocolate Bordeaux granite on cherry espresso cabinets [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.houzz.com/
photos/chocolate-bordeaux-granite-on-cherry-espresso-cabinets-modern-bathroom-phvw-vp~10569731
Indiamart (2019). Fiber Glass Roofing Sheets [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://
www.indiamart.com/proddetail/fiber-glass-roofing-sheets-11593011533.html
IQ Option (2018). Stunning Indoor Privacy Screen Ideas [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://iqoption.com/land/start-trading/en/?aff=
74213&afftrack=iqen&clickid=waank12psar1vrfqh2hp9r1s
ILP (n.d.). 3 Coat Stucco, Retrieved From: Serviceshttp://www.ilpaz.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/ThreeCoatStuccoCallout3.jpg,
Access: November 2018.
Lily Pad Cottage (2017). Wallpapered Laundry Room [Photograph]. Retrieved From:https://www.thelilypadcottage.com/
2017/09/wallpapered-laundry-room.html.
Lucia (2017). Architectural Applications of Fiberglass [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.modlar.com/news/186/architecturalapplications-of-fiberglass.
Kitchen Décor ( n.d.) Monolithic Concrete Footing And Stem Wall, Retrieved From: https://i0.wp.com/www.vendermicasa.org/upload /2017
/12/06/ rigid-insulation-between-interior-bearing-wall-footings-insulate-basement-walls-l-907172d706f3125f.jpg,
Access: November 2018
Made-in-China.com (n.d.) China Cellular Glass [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00kKZtEuUMhAcz
/Cellular-Glass-Foam-Glass-ASTM-Foamglass-for-Insulation.jpg, Access: November 2018.
Mavinewy (2019). Stainless Steel Bathroom Stalls [Photograph]. Retrieved From:https://mavinewyork.com/products/toiletpartitions/materials/stainless-steel-old/
Menards (n.d). QuarryBasics® Quarry 6 x 6 Outside Corner Round Top Cove Base [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.menards.
com/main/ flooring-rugs/tile-stone/quarry-tile/quarrybasics-reg-quarry-6-x-6-outside-corner-round-top-cove-base-left/q3565lcovebasoutsdcrnrlftoystr/p-1444436127915.htm
Natural Stone Warehouse ( n.d. ) Natural Stone Tile Cladding, Retrieved From: http://www.naturalstonewarehouse.com/images/collections/
cladding/natural-stone-warehouse-oregon-rock-face-cladding.jpg, Access: November 2018.
Robust Details (2004). E-WM-23- Masonry - Aircrete Blockwork, Retrieved From: http://www.robustdetails.com/media/1146/e-wm-23.gif,
Access: November 2018.
Salih, K. (2018). Frank Gehry Walt Disney Concert Hall [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.amazingarchitecture.com/
index.php/post/frank-gehry-walt-disney-concert-hall-photographed-by-khalid-salih
Sandru, O. (2009). Passivhaus: German-Style Superefficient and Superinsulated Home [Image]. Retrieved From:
https://www.greenoptimistic.com/passivhaus-german-style-superefficient-and-superinsulated-home-20090610/
Seville, C. (2010). Should Batt Insulation Be Outlawed? – GreencBuildingcAdvisor [Photograph]. Retrieved From:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/greenbuildingadvisor.s3.tauntoncloud.com/app/uploads/2018/08/08030900/
Unfaced%20batt.thumbnail.jpg, Access: November 2018.
Stevens, T. (n.d). floor transitioning kitchen to livingroom [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
522980575453512518/?lp=true
SuperHomes (2013). How do I insulate a flat roof? Retrieved From:http://www.superhomes.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/warm-flatroof-insulation.gif , Access: November 2018.
SuperHomes (2013). How do I insulate a flat roof? Retrieved From: http://www.superhomes.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/invertedwarm-flat-roof-insulation.gif, Access: November 2018.
Trade India (n.d). Waterproofing Membranes Manufacturers, Waterproof Membranes Suppliers, Exporters[Photograph] Retrieved From:
https:// www. tradeindia. com/manufacturers/waterproofing-membranes.html
Trade India (2019). Fiberglass Sheets [photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.tradeindia.com/manufacturers/fiberglass-sheets.html
Waldorf, J.(2016). Avoid Cracked Grout: Caulk Tile Shower Corners [Photograph] Retrieved From: https://www.angieslist.com/articles/
avoid-cracked-grout-caulk-tile-shower-corners.htm
WFM India ( 2016) Classic ACP (Aluminium Composite Panel) by Alstone, Retrieved From:https://d2m0z3484of3k4.cloudfront.net/uploads/
products/apbanner-classic-500x388.jpg, Accessed: November 2018.
Xtratherm ( 2019). Soffit | Insulation [Image]. Retrieved From: https://www.xtratherm.com/applications/soffit/
247Resaz ( 2017). Home Insulation Buying Guide [Photograph]. Retrieved From: https://www.247resaz.com/home-insulation-buying-guide/