THE REFORM MOVEMENT
THE ILUSTRADOS
19th century (1800s)
“enlightened”
economic reforms
inquilino
export-oriented, cash-crop economy
educational reforms
Liberal ideas
THE ILUSTRADOS
Middle class
Insulares
Mestizos-españoles
Mestizos-sangleyes
Indios principales
loyalty to the Philippines
economic privileges
political rights
MEMBERS OF THE MOVEMENT
1. Students
2. “filibusteros”
Cavite Mutiny of 1872
amnesty
3. “refugees”
REFORMIST DEMANDS
• Assimilation
• Representation
• Freedom of speech, the
press, religion, etc.
ORGANIZATIONS
1. Circulo Hispano-Filipino (1882)
Juan Atayde
lack of funds
internal conflict
ORGANIZATIONS
2. Asociacion Hispano-Filipino (1888)
Miguel Morayta
Cortes (Congress)
Maura Law
compulsory teaching of Spanish
judicial reforms
ORGANIZATIONS
3. La Solidaridad
Dec. 13, 1888
Galicano Apacible
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Jose Rizal
-
President
Vice President
Honorary
President
NEWSPAPERS
1. Revista del Circulo Hispano Filipino
2 issues only
2. España en Filipinas
3. La Solidaridad
“official organ of the Reform Movement”
Feb. 1889- Nov. 1895
2 issues/month
NEWSPAPERS
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Jose Rizal
• Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años
• Sobre La Indolencia de los
Filipinos
LA LIGA FILIPINA
July 3, 1892
Jose Rizal
directly involve the people
“to unite the whole archipelago…”
July 6, 1892
Fort Santiago
Dapitan
Liga
Filipina
Cuerpo de
Compromisarios
Katipunan
FAILURES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
FAILURES
1. No reforms were implemented
2. Lack of funds
3. Internal conflict
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Jose Rizal
4. Lack of popular support
FAILURES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Propagation of national consciousness
2. Influence in the revolution
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