ICT EXAM REVISON (FINALLYY)
CHAPTER 6:
WAYS OF COMMUNICATION:
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Newsletters and posters
Websites
Multimedia presentations
Media streaming
e-publications
1.Communication media
Newsletter/ poster:
First a word-processor application would be opened
Photos could be obtained by:
Using a digital camara and taking photos
Searching for images/photos on the internet
Using hard copy photos, which could be scanned in.
Camera images would then be uploaded to the computer using a USB port, or by using
Bluetooth connectivity
Photos from all selected sources would then be saved to a file on the HDD or SSD.
When document is ready to be produced, photos would then be imported from the file
stored on the HDD/SSD
Once photos are imported, they are then edited
Text is added using a keyboard
Any previously saved text would then need to be imported
Photos are placed in their correct position and text wrapped.
Proofreading or errors and then saved, ready for printing
Websites:
Instead of printing ads, businesses can use websites. They can build their own (which
costs more) or advertise on existing ones. Websites are good for reaching people all
over the world and are easier and cheaper for small businesses now. They work well for
products that need to be seen nationally or internationally.
Advantages:
Sound/ video/animation can be added
Links to other pages can be added
Buttons to navigate/ move around the website,
leading to more information
‘hit counters’ allow the owner to see detailed
information about how many people have visited
the website
Can be seen by global audience
Cannot be thrown away
Easier to update the website then a printed form.
Disadvantages:
Websites may be hacked into and modified or virus
Potential pharming
Necessary for potential viewers to have access to computer
and internet connection
Not as portable as paper-based printed forms(such as
newsletter/posters etc.)
Customer may be led to undesirable websites due to possible
pharming and may cause distrust from customers
There is a need for the company to maintain the website once
it is set up which is expensive
Since its a global advertisement then it is harder to target the
correct audience
A way for people to discover the website is needed to be
thought about
Multimedia presentations:
-presentations that use animation, video and sound or music are generally much more
interesting than static presentations done on slides or paper.
Advantages of using multimedia presentations:
-use of sound and animation/video effects are most
likely to grab the attention of the audience more
-possible to add hyperlinks into the presentation use of transition effect allows a presentation to
display facts in a key or chronological order
-can be interactive
-more flexible; because of the links to websites and
other external systems.
Disadvantages of using multimedia presentations:
-a need to have special equipment which may be
expensive
-danger that the equipment could fail while
multimedia presentations
-danger that the focus would be on the multimedia
presentation instead of the message or facts
Media streaming:
Media streaming is when users watch movies/ videos or listen to music on devices
connected to the internet. When using media streaming there is no need to actually
download and save the video or audio files.
Streaming plays media as it arrives, without needing to download the whole file.
Downloading requires you to save the complete file before you can watch or listen.
With streaming, the file is sent as a series of packets of data. Each packet is interpreted
by the web browser. Streaming only works well if the internet speed is stable, and at
least 25 Mbits/seconds (for an HD video).
Media Streaming and E-Publications:
Media Streaming: Delivering audio and video content over the internet in real-time.
Examples include music streaming services like Spotify and video platforms like
YouTube.
Buffering: Temporary storage of streamed data to ensure smooth playback.
E-Publications: Digital versions of books, magazines, and newspapers.
Advantages: Portable, searchable, often cheaper than print versions.
Disadvantages: Requires a device to read, potential eye strain.
2. Word Processors
How They Work: Software applications for creating and editing text documents.
Key Features:
Spell Checkers: Automatically detect and suggest corrections for spelling errors.
Text Wrap: Adjusts text flow around images or other objects.
Uploading Pictures: Insert images into documents to enhance visual appeal.
Formatting Tools: Change fonts, sizes, colors, and styles.
3. Mobile Communications
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card: Small chip that identifies a user on a mobile
network and stores personal data.
SMS (Short Message Service) Text Messaging: Sending short text messages between
mobile devices.
Phone Calls: Voice communication over the mobile network.
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and Video Calling: Transmits voice and video data
over the internet.
4. Modelling Applications
Computer Modelling: Creating virtual representations of real-world objects or systems.
Simulations: Using computer models to predict behavior or outcomes in different
scenarios.
Advantages:
Cost-effective: Cheaper than building physical models.
Safe: Can test dangerous scenarios without risk.
Flexible: Easy to modify parameters and observe effects.
Disadvantages:
Accuracy: Models are simplifications and may not perfectly represent reality.
Complexity: Building accurate models can be challenging.
Interpretation: Results may require expert analysis.
Examples:
Personal Finance: Simulate investment returns or loan repayments.
Bridge and Building Design: Test structural integrity under different loads.
Traffic Management: Model traffic flow to optimize road design.
5. Computer-Controlled Systems
Robots in Manufacturing:
Pros: Increased efficiency, precision, and safety.
Cons: High initial cost, potential job displacement.
Production Line Control: Automating and optimizing the flow of materials and products
in factories.
6. School Management Systems
Registration and Attendance Records: Track student enrollment and attendance
electronically.
Methods:
ID Cards with Magnetic Strips: Swipe cards for attendance or access control.
Biometrics: Use fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans for identification.
Student Performance Monitoring: Track grades, assignments, and overall progress.
Computer-Aided Learning: Use software and online resources to supplement
classroom instruction.
7. Booking Systems
Online Booking Systems: Allow customers to book appointments, tickets, or
reservations online.
QR Codes: Quick Response codes that can be scanned with a smartphone to access
information or complete a transaction.
8. Travel Industry and ICT
Online Booking Platforms: Allow travelers to book flights, hotels, and other travel
services online.
Mobile Apps: Provide travel information, navigation, and booking services on
smartphones.
Social Media: Used for travel inspiration, sharing experiences, and customer service.
9. Banking Systems and ICT
ATMs (Automated Teller Machines): Allow customers to access their accounts and
perform basic transactions like withdrawals and deposits.
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT): Transferring money electronically between accounts.
Credit and Debit Card Transactions: Securely processing card payments.
Cheques: Paper documents instructing a bank to transfer funds.
Internet Banking: Managing accounts and performing transactions online.
Mobile Banking: Accessing banking services through a smartphone app.
10. Computers in Medicine
Pharmacy Records: Electronically track medication prescriptions and dispensing.
3D Printers in Medicine: Create prosthetics, implants, and even tissues and organs.
Customized Medicine: Tailoring treatments based on a patient’s genetic profile and
other factors.
11. Expert Systems
What They Are: Computer programs designed to mimic the decision-making ability of a
human expert in a specific field.
Components:
Knowledge Base: Stores information and rules related to the domain of expertise.
Inference Engine: Applies rules to data to draw conclusions and make
recommendations.
User Interface: Allows users to interact with the system.
Applications:
Medical Diagnosis: Assist doctors in diagnosing diseases based on symptoms.
Oil Prospecting: Analyze geological data to identify potential oil reserves.
Scheduling for Delivery Vehicles: Optimize routes and delivery times.
Advantages:
Consistency: Apply rules consistently and avoid human error.
Availability: Available 24/7 and can be accessed remotely.
Scalability: Can handle large amounts of data and complex problems.
Disadvantages:
Limited Knowledge: Only as good as the knowledge base and rules they are built on.
Lack of Common Sense: May struggle with situations that require intuition or judgment.
Cost: Can be expensive to develop and maintain.
12. Computers in the Retail Industry
Point of Sale (POS) Systems: Process sales transactions, manage inventory, and
generate reports.
Barcodes and Barcode Readers:
Barcodes: Machine-readable codes that uniquely identify products.
Barcode Readers: Scan barcodes to retrieve product information and price.
Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale (EFTPOS): Allows customers to pay for goods
or services electronically using a debit or credit card.
Chip and PIN:
Pros: More secure than traditional magnetic stripe cards.
Cons: Requires specialized card readers and can be slower than contactless
payments.
Contactless Cards: Cards with embedded chips that allow for tap-to-pay transactions.
NFC (Near Field Communication) Devices: Enable short-range wireless communication
for contactless payments and data transfer.
Tokenization: Replacing sensitive card data with unique tokens for enhanced security.
13. Online Shopping and Banking
Advantages:
Convenience: Shop or bank from anywhere at any time.
Variety: Access a wider range of products and services.
Price Comparison: Easily compare prices from different retailers.
Disadvantages:
Security Risks: Potential for fraud and identity theft.
Lack of Personal Interaction: Cannot physically inspect products or receive in-person
assistance.
Effects on Companies:
Increased Competition: Online retailers compete with traditional brick-and-mortar
stores.
Evolving Business Models: Companies need to adapt to online consumer behavior.
14. Recognition Systems
OMR (Optical Mark Recognition): Reads marks on forms like multiple-choice test
papers.
Barcode Readers: Scan barcodes on products for pricing and inventory management.
QR Code Readers: Scan QR codes for information, payments, or website links.
OCR (Optical Character Recognition): Converts printed or handwritten text into digital
text.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Uses radio waves to track and identify objects.
Biometric Recognition Systems:
Fingerprint Recognition: Identifies individuals based on unique fingerprint patterns