TEST CODE FORM TP 2011002 01207020 JANUARY 2011 CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION BIOLOGY Paper 02 – General Proficiency 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of SIX questions in two sections. Answer ALL questions. 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 3. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated by diagrams. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2009 Caribbean Examinations Council. All rights reserved. 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -2SECTION A Answer ALL questions. Do NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1. 1. Many plants store excess food. (a) (i) Identify TWO parts of a flowering plant where food is stored. In their stems and roots _________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) (ii) Name TWO food nutrients in plant storage organs that humans use as food. Starch & glucose _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) (b) Some biology students carried out a series of food tests on a plant storage organ, and recorded their observations in a table similar to that shown in Table 1. (i) Complete Table 1 by describing the method and conclusion for EACH food test the students carried out. TABLE 1: FOOD TESTS ON A PLANT STORAGE ORGAN Food Test non reducing and reducing 1. sugar 2. 3. Protein Starch Observation Conclusion Blue - Green - Yellow - Red Non reducing sugar or reducing sugar was present Protein was present Blue to lilac/purple Yellow brown - dark blue - black starch was present (9 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -3 (ii) Explain why the storage organ tested in (b) (i) should be included in the diet of a teenage boy. This is because teen boys require more carbohydrates and protein in their diet. This is _________________________________________________________________ because they need more calories for energy and carbohydrates and protein provides that _________________________________________________________________ energy. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (4 marks) (iii) A boy fed ONLY on the storage organ tested in (b) (i) was found to be malnourished. Explain how this is possible. The boy is not consuming a balanced diet containing all the nutrient his body needs _________________________________________________________________ thus he is malnourished. Also consuming vitamins and minerals aswell as lipids can _________________________________________________________________ make him nutritionally sound. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (3 marks) (c) No test for fats was conducted on the storage organ in (b) (i). Describe TWO tests for fats. Adding ethanol and H2O this turns white if fat is present. _______________________________________________________________________ Adding a sample to a filter paper. If oils are shown fat is present _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (3 marks) (d) Food is also stored in animals. Identify TWO areas in the human body where food is stored. _______________________________________________________________________ Food is stored in the liver as glycogen and in the body as fat, lining the stomach _______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) Total 25 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -42. (a) Complete Table 2 to show the differences between plant and animal cells. (i) TABLE 2: COMPONENTS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Cell Component Plant cell Animal cell Cell membranes Present Present Present Present Cell walls Nuclei Mitochondria Chloroplasts Absent (5 marks) (ii) State ONE function of EACH of the following organelles: Mitochondrion ________________________________________________________________ Chloroplast ________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -5(b) In an investigation on plant cells and animal cells the changes shown in Figure 1 are observed. Plant cell Animal cell Cells at the start of the investigation Plant cell Animal cell Cells after one hour Figure 1. Cells in the investigation (i) Name the process that causes the change in the appearance of both cells. ________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) (ii) Explain why the process named in (b) (i) above is important to plant cells. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -6(iii) The plant cell becomes turgid after one hour. Suggest why cell turgidity is useful to the plant. ________________________________________________________________ (1 mark) (iv) Why does the animal cell burst but the plant cell does not? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (4 marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -73. Some ecology students sampled the organisms found on one Poui tree at the edge of a rainforest. Table 3 gives information on these organisms. TABLE 3: ORGANISMS FOUND ON A POUI TREE Organism (a) Total Number Food/Prey Ant 200 Leaves Spider 30 Termites, caterpillars, butterflies Bluejay (bird) 15 Caterpillars, spiders Termite 150 Tree bark Caterpillar 125 Tree leaves Bluejay/(bird), woodpecker Hawk 2 Butterfly 150 Tree flowers Woodpecker 13 Butterflies, caterpillars From Table 3, identify organisms at EACH trophic level shown in Table 4. Write your answer in the spaces provided in Table 4. TABLE 4: TROPHIC LEVEL OF ORGANISMS ON POUI TREE Trophic Levels Examples of Organisms Tertiary Consumer 1. ________________________________________________ Halk Secondary Consumers 1. ______________________ spider woodpecker, Bluejay 2. ______________________ Primary Consumers Ants, Caterpillar 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ butterfly, termites Producers Poui Tree (5 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -8(b) One group of organisms not accounted for in the students’ data was the decomposers. (i) Give TWO examples of decomposers. ________________________________________________________________ Fungi and Bacteria (2 marks) (ii) Why are decomposers important to organisms in a food web? They break down the food to be converted to useful materials from feces or dead food remains ________________________________________________________________ to be used in the soil in the nitrogen cycle. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (3 marks) (c) Identify TWO factors or activities, OTHER THAN feeding, that are necessary for the survival of organisms in an ecosystem. ______________________________________________________________________ A home or shelter for the organism. The abilities of a prey which keep them away from predators eg. camouflaged, poisonous outer layer ______________________________________________________________________ (2 marks) (d) The size of a population of organisms may change from time to time. Name THREE physical factors that affect the size of populations in an ecosystem. Availability of food _____________________________________________________________________ Over hunting from both their predator or hunters _____________________________________________________________________ The Climate _____________________________________________________________________ (3 marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 -9SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of EACH question in this booklet. 4. (a) (b) (i) Using a diagram to illustrate the circulatory system, describe how oxygenated blood from the lungs is distributed to organs and tissues. (ii) Explain how oxygen becomes available to a muscle tissue for respiration. (7 marks) During intense exercise, there is an insufficient supply of oxygen to muscles for aerobic respiration. (i) Give TWO characteristics of aerobic respiration. (ii) In the absence of sufficient oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs. Suggest ONE disadvantage of anaerobic respiration. (4 marks) (c) Transport vessels in plants have features that are similar to transport vessels in animals. Describe TWO ways in which xylem tissues are similar to blood vessels. (4 marks) Total 15 marks lungs Space for diagram. pulmonary artery pulmonary vein left atrium right atrium lest ventricle right ventricle aorta vena cava body GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 10 4 (i) The oxygenated blood from the lungs when carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen diffuses in, goes from the ____________________________________________________________________________________ left atrium to the left ventricle to the aortic valve then to the aorta. The oxygenated blood in the aorta is distributed ____________________________________________________________________________________ throughout the body and returns to the heart by the superior vena cava. it goes to the right atrium--> right ventricle ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ --> pulmonary artery and is sent to the lungs to become oxygenated. This happens when through diffusion in the alveoli ____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii) Oxygen ____________________________________________________________________________________ is supplied to the muscles via red blood cells. Red blood cells carry hemoglobin which oxygen bonds with as the hemoglobin-rich blood cells pass through the blood vessels of the lungs. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Two characteristics are:- 1. Oxygen needs to be present in the body, 2. it provides more energy than anaerobic respiration b (i)____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii)____________________________________________________________________________________ Lactic acid is build up as a result of oxygen dept. ____________________________________________________________________________________ c ____________________________________________________________________________________ Both the xylem and blood vessels transport minerals and water throughout the organism ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 11 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 12 (a) Identify ONE communicable disease and the pathogen that causes the disease. 5. (2 marks) (b) (c) The spread of communicable diseases that affect humans declined significantly when artificial immunization through the use of vaccines was introduced. (i) Describe how a vaccine works in building immunity. (ii) Suggest why vaccines may NOT always have the desired effect in treating persons infected with disease. (6 marks) One way of controlling the spread of disease among crop plant, is to destroy the entire field, not just the few plants that are infected. (i) (ii) Suggest why this method of control is sometimes used. Give TWO economic and TWO social consequences of widespread disease among crop plants. (7 marks) Total 15 marks HIV is transmitted by the HIV pathogen. or Corona through the corona pathogen 5 a ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b (i)____________________________________________________________________________________ The vaccine works by introducing the pathogen to the body which results in the body building antibodies to protect it a against the pathogen. These antibodies can fight of the same disease if the person was infected with the virus. ____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Vaccines introduce the pathogen into the body to build antibodies and memory cells. If the person is already infected with the pathogen then, there is no need to get an injection. The vaccine would only be putting more of the disease into the body while ____________________________________________________________________________________ it is already there. ____________________________________________________________________________________ c (i) ____________________________________________________________________________________ This method of control is sometimes used because the other crops which may not be infected can become infected through the soil or maybe came into contact with the other infected plants. This causes spoiled goods and wastage of many ____________________________________________________________________________________ more crops if it is not destroyed. ____________________________________________________________________________________ (ii)____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. making a loss instead of a profit, 2 market declines, Social- There is a deficit of crops for the market and other people, ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 13 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 14 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 15 6. (4 marks) (a) Differentiate between an ‘allele’ and a ‘gene’. (b) A tropical plant species produces flowers that are either purple or white. The purple colour is found to be dominant to the white. (i) Using P as the symbol, state the possible genotypes of the purple flowers. (ii) (c) A plant breeder obtained flowers that were purple in successive crops of the same plant species. However, in one crop he obtained a few white flowers. Using a genetic diagram, illustrate how he got white flowers in a crop of the same plant species. (8 marks) Genetically identical offspring sometimes show differences in phenotype. Suggest why such differences may occur. (3 marks) Total 15 marks Answer Part (b) (ii) here. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 16 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011 - 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18 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ END OF TEST 01207020/JANUARY/F 2011
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