DC Voltmeter
ammeter
ohmmeter
wattmeter
Conventional current flow theory states that electrons flow from a positive
polarity to a negative polarity, whereas electron theory states that electrons
flow from a negative to positive polarity
equal resistance method
transformer
rectifier
Filter circuit
Voltage
regulator
circuit
1. Transformer: Steps up or steps down the voltage so as not to damage the electronic
component
2. Rectifier: Changes the current from alternating current to direct pulsating current
3. Voltage regulator circuit gives exact voltage without varying
4. Filter: filters our pulsations form half or full waves to make the wave smoother.
oscillascope
Normally closed push stop button
Normally opened push start button
Normally opened push start button
normally close Contactor
motor
normally closed Contactor
Normally closed stop push button; is there to de-energize the circuit when it is pushed
Normally open push start button is there to energize the circuit so that the magnetic
contactor will close, thus energizing the motor
Normally closed contactor is there to allow the motor to keep running after the normally
open push start button is returned to its open position when released.
The normally open push start button in position B has to be pushed to the close position,
allowing the normally closed magnetic contactor to be energize, thus allowing the motor to
run in a forward motion
The normally open push start button in position C has to be pushed to the close position,
allowing the normally closed magnetic contactor to be energize, thus allowing the motor to
run in a forward motion
POLARITY TEST, CONTINUITY TEST, RESISTIVITY, INSULATION TEST, GROUN
TEST
A CONTIUNUITY TEST ENSURES THAT THERE IS A CONTIUNOUS FLOW
OF ENERGY (NO BREAKAGE IN THE CONDUCTOR) AND IT ENSURE THAT
THE CIRCUIT WORK CORRECTLY
THE AMPERES IS CONSISTENTLY TO MUCH FOR THE BREAKER SO IT
TRIPS EVERY TIME. AND SHORT CIRCUIT: IF WIRES ARE TOUCHING EACH
OTHER INSIDE THE INSTALLATION, IT CAN CAUSE A SHORT CIRCUIT
WHICH CAN LEAD TO A FIRE
CURRENT DEMAND: THE HOMEOWNER COULD UNPLUG THE APPLIANCE
WHICH IS PLUGGING MORE THAN THE BREAKER CAN HANDLE OR THEY
CAN UPGRADE THE SIZE OF THE BREAKER TO BE SUFFICIENT FOR THE
APPLIANCE
SHORT CIRCUIT: INSPECT THE CIRCUIT TO ENSURE ALL LINES ARE
CONNECTED PROPERLY AND SECURELY MAKING SO THEY ARE NOT
TOUCHING ANYTHING
1. first remove the protective coating from the wires.
2. cut the wire into different sections so as to stagger the joints. make sure they are
not in line so as to not cause a lump in the section
3. Connect them using a married joint to ensure electrical and mechanical strength as it is
permanent.
4. insulate the joint using electrical insulation tape or shrink-wrap
5. Terminate (Connect) the wire the female and male plug
6. perform a continuity test to ensure that there is continuous current flow
In the diagram above there are two SPST switches in series connected to an
AND gate. Electricity will only flow through the gate if both switches are in the on position,
they both rely on each other.
This this diagram the SPST switches are connected in parallel, and the OR gate will allow
the electricity to flow if either of them is in the on position regardless of the other switches'
position.