Economy of the UK and the USA Learning Objectives 1 A general idea about the economic structure of the UK and the USA. 2 Learn about the stages of economic development of the two countries. 3 Acquire a general idea about some world-famous enterprises and important figures in the two countries. 4 Learn about the present economic situation of the two countries. Starter: Find out the information about the following logos, and talk about their influence on the world economy. 省钱省心好生活 Wal-Mart: an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. It is the world's largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500. Founded by Sam Walton in 1962, it is the largest private employer in the world and the fourth largest utility or commercial employer. Wal-Mart is the largest grocery retailer in the United States, with an estimated 20% of the retail grocery and consumables business, as well as the largest toy seller in the U.S • Shell: A global group of energy and petrochemicals companies, with 104,000 employees in more than 110 countries. • London Stock Exchange: LSE is a stock exchange located in London, United Kingdom. Founded in 1801, it is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world, with many overseas listings as well as British companies TEXTS Text A Economy of the UK Text B Economy of the U S Text A Economy of the UK 1 Before WWⅡ 2 Postwar Recovery 3 The Current Economy Before WWⅡ colonization and Industrial Revolution by the 1880s, “the factory of the world” 1/3 of the world’s manufactured goods 1/2 of the coal, iron and cotton Postwar Recovery • its economy returned to pre-war level. • Why? ② “British Disease”: ① by the end of 1947 • describing British economy during which period? • reflecting what characteristics • a significant development • Mrs. Thatcher try to cure “British Disease” (successful?) ③in the 1980s, using macroeconomic and microeconomic policies Medium-Term Financial Strategy: privatization, deregulation, market liberation The Current Economy Primary industries: agriculture, fishing and mining Secondary industries: manufacture complex goods Tertiary industries: service industries banking, insurance, tourism and selling Primary industries Agriculture intensive, highly-mechanized, efficient six farming types: a. arable farming, b. dairy farming, c. stock farming, d. mixed farming, e. hill farming, f. market gardening Energy production (5% of national wealth) coal oil and gas: North Sea major oil and gas producer energy companies: Shell, BP, the British Gas Secondary industries Strongest of this sector: • pharmaceuticals, • chemicals, • aerospace, food and drink, electronics industry(4th largest in the world) Tertiary industries service industries (2/3 of national wealth; Major trading power since the 17th century; Financial and business services count for over 70% of GDP; One of the top three financial centers; World’s largest foreign exchange market Text A Economy of the US Brief History of the Economic development 1 2 Characteristics of American Economy Agriculture 3 4 Industry Brief History of the Economic development the Industrial Revolution → 1770s to 1860s, great changes: 1) factory system; 2) technology; 3) banks and corporations; 4) railroads consequent influences: 1890, 1913, 1945 20th C., high-tech industries 1980s & 1990s, service industries (informational services) Characteristics of the American Economy remarkable achievements reasons: firstly, secondly, thirdly, lastly characteristics: a high degree of monopoly, e.g. automobile industry –GM, Ford, Chrysler characteristics for business: 1) the impact of high-tech; 2) the shift to service 3) an increase in merger and corporate downsizing Agriculture the success of agriculture Grows 1/4 of the world’s grain supplies 1/2 of all the export of grain Largest tobacco producer and user Reasons: Mechanization and scientific; fertile soil Crops: wheat, corn, cotton(leading commercial crop in the south). Ranching: dairy farming, milk (the Midwest) Government policy: a system of price support Industry Midwest: heavy industry— motor vehicles, nonelectrical machinery, fabricated metals Middle Atlantic states — chemicals, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles and metal goods American South — textile manufacturing center, oil refining, chemicals Pacific Coast — California, manufacturing Lesson Review 1. Vocabulary Building 2. Key Facts 3. Discussion and Report 4. Extensive Activity Vocabulary building: • • • • • • • • • • 1. tertiary industry 2. British Disease 3. London Stock Exchange 4. ranch 5. conglomerate 6. City of London 7. downsizing 8. BSE 9. General Motors 10. RTZ • • • • • • • • • • a. the biggest mining industry in the UK b. animal farm that mainly produces dairy products in the USA c. a large organization consisting of several merged companies d. the economic decline in Britain after WWII e. one of the busiest share-dealing centers in the world f. mad cow disease g. the center of national finance and commerce of London h. one of the biggest automobile companies in the world i. reduce the number of employees j. also called service industry Key facts: Complete the chart with the information from the tests. UK USA 1. Main Stages of Economic Development “factory of the world” A. Before 1880s: 1) ________________________; B. After WWII: "The British Disease" started C. Since 1980s: Rapid economic growth; Remain a member of G-8 A. By 1890, Output of factories exceeded that of farming; the greatest production ability B. After WWII: 2) __________________________; C. In the late 20th C., rapid development of hightech industry 2. Main Features of Economic Structure A. Primary industry a. highly efficient and scientific farming 6 farming types … b. farming types: 3) _______________ energy B. Secondary industry: big exporter of 5) _______, main sectors including chemicals, electronics, oil coal 6) _______, and 7) _______; C. Tertiary industry: most important sector is finance and banking. A. Primary industry: high mechanization and scientific farming; biggest exporter of agricultural products in the world producing corn 50% of 4) ______; B. Secondary industry: largest industrial country, space technology leading the world in computer, 8 )_________ , nuclear energy and electronics; 9) _____________, C. Tertiary industry: main sectors are service and hi-tech 10) _______exports. UK USA 3. Major World-Famous Companies A. BP Shell B. 12) _______ C. Welcome RTZ D. 14 _________ General Motors A. 11) _______________ B. Ford Chrysler C. 13) _________ D. Microsoft 4. Common Features of Both countries invisible trade A. Deficit on visible trade, surplus on 15) _______________; B. Increase in merger, acquisition and downsizing. Ⅲ. Discussion and Report 1. What was the economic situation before and after WWII in Britain? What does "British disease" mean? 2. What was the economic situation like before and after WWII in the US? 3. What is the main change in economic structure in the 20th century in the US? What does tertiary industry mean? What is the role of the tertiary industry in the US? 4. What roles does agriculture play in the UK and the US respectively? Ⅳ. Extensive Activity Make an oral report about one of the items in Key Facts. Case Study 1 Case 1 Mass Lay-off of the Year 2012 2 Case 2 Globalization Case 1 Mass Lay-off of the Year 2012 Company Lay-off Amount Percent of Cut NO. after Cut Hewlett-Packard 27,275 7.8% 322,325 American Airlines 14,200 17.7% 65,900 IBM 9,000 2.1% 424,362 Pepsi 8,700 2.9% 288,300 Google 4,000 7.3% 50,604 Tips • 近20年来，高科技产业，如计算机产业和电子 产业，发展突飞猛进，导致对劳动力的需求下 滑，特别是对白领阶层；加之越来越激烈的国 际竞争，迫使一些企业走上合并、兼并的道路 ，从而出现了全球性的大规模裁员现象。这种 现象在高科技发达的欧美国家尤为突出。 Case 2 Globalization Tips: 全球化在文化、政治等方面意味着越来越 趋向于一致化、合作化，而在经济上则意味着 更深层次的分工协作。50年前，一辆美国车节 能全部由一盒美国公司生产，而到了21实际， 车的零部件、车型设计、技术、广告策划、工 作人员等可能来组不同国家的不同企业。 Questions for Discussion 1. What does globalization mean? What does it mean for a country’s economy? 2. Do you think globalization is a trend for the developing countries? Why do you think so? Supplementary reading 1 Passage A British Economy: Just Better than Nothing 2 Passage B Bill Gates—Chairman, Microsoft Corp. British Economy: Just Better than Nothing 1. Escaped recession, but remains weak public sector is being cut highly dependent on financial services hobbled banking sector (most important) 2. 3. In construction industry: Refused to lend 75%+ of the property price Deposit requirement is jumped Small firms suffers from tight credit 4. solution: soaped-up lending scheme funding for lending Demand fall, supply fall. Passage B Bill Gates—Chairman, Microsoft Corp. Bill Gates was born on Oct, 28 in 1955. His father was a lawyer and his mother was a teacher. Bill Gates had his elementary school and high school education is Seattle. He began to write programs at 13. In 1973, Bill Gates was matriculated by Harvard but he quitted from Harvard three years later. He put all his time and energy into designing programs for Microsoft Cooperation which established in 1975 by Bill and his friend Paul Allen. Owing to Bill’s talent and efforts, Microsoft developed rapidly and its software won more and more reputations among the publics. Bill is also committed to philanthropy. So far, he has donated more than 24 billion dollars to establish a fund to support medical security and education careers in the world. video Thank you
0
advertisement
Download
advertisement
Add this document to collection(s)
You can add this document to your study collection(s)
Sign in Available only to authorized usersAdd this document to saved
You can add this document to your saved list
Sign in Available only to authorized users