Ground Clearance Concepts For Front Wing
Ground clearance is a significant parameter for Formula 1 cars. The change in height does
have an effect on the vortex formation, force distribution and flow separation, which do
affect the downforce and stability of the vehicle. Below are three concept design options
that are used to maintain optimal ground proximity and generate downward force.
Concepts
1. Vortex Generators – Small triangular shaped fins that are fitted on the surface of the
wing.
2. Gurney Flaps – Adjustable vertical flaps that are fitted at the end of the aerofoil.
3. Lateral Humps – This comprises of a smoothly curved extension of the aerofoil
horizontally across the wing from the main body of the vehicle.
Evaluation Criteria
To evaluate each concept, a weighted criteria method is used. This method will consider the
following aerodynamic factors:
- Force generation
- Drag reduction
- Force distribution
- Vortex generation
- that affect the performance of the vehicle and downforce generation.
1. Lift Force Generated
2. Aerodynamic Drag coefficient
3. Force Distribution
4. Vortex Generation
Tools Used:
1. CFD
2. XFLR5
A CFD analysis is performed on the 3D models of the concepts to visualize the different
distribution and flow patterns to determine the downforce and drag.
A 2D analysis using XFLR5 is further performed on all three concepts at a constant angle of attack to evaluate
the lift and drag values obtained.