24pCM121 Technical
Seminar on
WATER PROOFING
By
Sukrithan S
712924418015
ME (CEM)
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Introduction
Water proofing
Protection to prevent water entering in
internal and external building structures like
toilets, swimming pools, water tanks, retaining
walls, roofs etc.
Damp proofing
Treatment to a surface to resist the passage of
water in areas like foundations, exterior walls,
metal surfaces, metal staircases etc.
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Common Water Damage problems
• Corrosion of steel reinforcement in
concrete
• Blistering of paint
• Dampness on walls, roofs & Floors
• Leakage in water tanks
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WATER PROOFING
Water proofing may also be done after a building is built to address
problems as they emerge or as part of a building retrofit. Water
proofing is done in various parts of the building which include
• Bathrooms
• Terrace
• Roofs
• Basement
• Swimming pools
• Underground ducts
• Underground and over head water tanks
Water proofing maintains the appearance of the building and
increases the life of the structure
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Benefits of Waterproofing
• Increased durability of concrete
structures
• Reduce chemical attack
• Cost reduction in maintenance
• Prevents growth of dangerous
mold
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How Water can penetrate Concrete
Structure?
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Why Water poofing is Important
• When we refer back to the definition of
waterproofing as a barrier to prevent water
entering or escaping from structure, then the
real importance is reflected in the
consequences of not waterproofing.
• Building regulations Local building codes
strictly assert waterproof as one of the
important requirements in any high- rise
building works.
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Important of waterproofing in
buildings cont.
• Prevent unnecessary cost: It is wiser to invest in
preventive risk measures than to pay for damage
repairs.
Any
building
requires
regular
maintenance to protect it from damage caused
by water, roof waterproofing is an effective
preventive measure.
• Risk prevention & Preventive risk management
of any structure, is important. If not done
correctly, it can result damage to the property,
valuable and health risk to people.
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What could happen if a building isn’t
waterproof ?
• Poor waterproofing brings serious risk to the
integrity of a building.
• When exposed to water ,foundation cracks or
joints may lead to bigger structural problems.
These are Leakage , Spalling ,Deterioration
• If the building is made up of wood or has wood
furnishings the moisture from water intrusion will
cause wood to rot or delaminate.
• Mould spores also pose hazards. Exposure to
these may lead to allergies, asthma, irritations
and fungal infection.
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Waterproofing Methods
• Cementitious Waterproofing
• Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
• Bituminous Membrane
• Bituminous Coating
• Polyurethane Liquid Membrane
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1. Cementitious Waterproofing
• Cementitious waterproofing is the easiest
method of waterproofing in construction. The
materials for cementitious waterproofing are
readily available from suppliers of masonry
products. And they are easy to mix and apply.
• The
applications
of
the
cementitious
waterproofing technique are in the internal wet
areas, such as toilets Laundries, Kitchens , Entries
. That is why it does not go through the contract
and expansion process.
• This methods semi-flexible or rigid. Its not
exposed to sunlight and weathering.
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Cementitious Waterproofing cont.
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Advantages
Disadvantages
Resistant to harsh conditions
Not flexible once cured
Easy to apply
Can crack over time
Affordable cost
Difficult to apply evenly
Long-lasting durability
Requires professional installation
Enhances concrete strength
Not suitable for heavy moisture
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Applications of Cementitious
Waterproofing
• Water treatment plants
• Sewage treatment facilities
• Bridges
• Dams
• Railway and subway systems
• Marine cargo ports and docks
• River locks/channels
• Parking structures
• Tunnels
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2. Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
• The liquid membrane consists of a primer coat
and two topcoats. The liquid layer is thin and
offers more flexibility than the cementitious
types of waterproofing.
• The liquid cures into a rubbery coating on the
wall. The elongation properties of the coat can
reach as high as 280%. The durability of the
waterproofing coating depends on what type of
polymer the manufacturer used for the making of
the liquid waterproofing.
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Liquid Waterproofing Membrane cont.
Liquid waterproofing membrane can be of a spray-applied
liquid layer composed of polymer-modified asphalt.
Polyurethane liquid membranes in separate grades for
trowel, roller, or spray are also available from various
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manufacturers.
Liquid Waterproofing Membrane
cont.
Equipment used for coatings• Spray
• Roller
• trowel
• Which may be aqueous solution or gas mixture.
• Liquid membrane should be immiscible with
water.
• Low vapor pressure.
• This methods more flexible.
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Advantages
• Ease of application and installation
• Full coverage at edge
• Versatile installation alternatives
Disadvantages
• Risk of air bubbles
• Inconsistencies of thickness
• Risk of membrane blistering
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Applications of Liquid Waterproofing
Liquid Waterproofing Membrane is used in
the following type of structures:
• Balconies
• Podium decks
• Green roofs
• Water tank
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3.Bituminous Coating Waterproofing
• Bituminous coating (asphalt coating) is made of
bitumen based materials. It is a flexible protective coat
based on its formulation and polymerization grade. The
flexibility and protection against water can be
influenced by the polymer grade and reinforcement of
fiber.
• The most common applications of bituminous coatings
include areas that are beneath screed wet. It is an
excellent protective coating and waterproofing agent,
especially on surfaces such as concrete foundations.
• It is not suitable for exposure to sunlight unless it is
modified with a more flexible material such as
polyurethane or acrylic-based polymers.
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Bituminous Coating Waterproofing
cont.
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Advantages
• It has strong adaptability to the base & strong puncture
resistance.
• Good waterproof performance, high efficiency, seamless
connection, no water leakage, non-toxic, odorless, nonflammable, non-corrosive, and harmless.
Disadvantages
• For the base layer with complex shape, multi-piece splicing is
required
• It is difficult to achieve absolute sealing at the overlapping
parts of materials. Later maintenance will be more trouble
Applications
• Bituminous coating is a protection against corrosion and is
typically used on steel pipelines, iron, concrete masonry,
cladding, corrugated metal sheets, corrugated fiber
cement/steel roofing panels and storage drinking water
tanks.
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4. Bituminous Membrane
Waterproofing
• Bituminous membrane waterproofing is a popular method
used for low-sloped roofs due to their proven performance.
The bituminous waterproofing membrane has a torch on the
layer and self-adhesive membrane.
• Self-adhesive compounds comprise asphalt, polymers, and
filler; additionally, certain resins and oils may be added to
improve adhesion characteristics. The self-adhesive type has a
low shelf life as bonding properties of the membrane reduces
with time.
• Torch on membrane has exposed and covered types. The
exposed layer often has granular mineral aggregate to
withstand the wear and tear of the weathering.
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Bituminous Membrane
Waterproofing cont.
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Advantages
• Provides great weatherproofing and corrosion
resistance.
• Strong, durable and waterproof. Able to resist harsh
chemicals and UV lights, protects surfaces from rust.
Disadvantages
• Colour choices (only black colour), and Discoloration
(colour may fade).
• Due to its high viscosity, there will be difficulty to apply
in in cold weather conditions.
Applications
• It is often used in applications such as roofs,
foundations, exterior walls, decks and balconies as it
offers excellent protection against the elements.
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5. Polyurethane Liquid Membrane
Waterproofing
• This polyurethane liquid membrane is used for
flat roofs, which is exposed to weathering and
has high ductility.
• Polyurethane is very sensitive to a moisture
content that should be used in evaluating
moisture before application, otherwise,
membrane peeling or de-bonding may occur
after some time.
• This waterproofing method is expensive.
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Polyurethane Liquid Membrane
Waterproofing cont.
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Polyurethane Liquid Waterproofing
Membrane
Equipment used for coatings• Spray
• Roller
• Trowel
• Which may be aqueous solution or gas mixture.
• Liquid membrane should be immiscible with
water.
• Low vapor pressure.
• This methods more flexible.
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Advantages
• Long term durability and wear-resistant
• UV and weather-resistant
• Resistant to alkaline cleaners, battery acid and
fuels
• No significant load increase on lightweight decks
and roofs
• Resistance to freezing temperature
Disadvantages
• High sensitivity to moisture & High Expensive.
• Requires skill to apply on the surface
• Can be damaged due to human and
environmental effects
• Prevents concrete from naturally breathing
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Applications
Liquid Waterproofing Membrane is used in the
following type of structures:
• Flat roofs
• Pitched roofs
• Balconies
• Plaza decks
• Patio
• Water tanks
• In wet damp floor areas from internally and externally
• Used to fill the gaps and cracks formed in the walls or
floors of buildings such as tunnels, bridges, concrete
wall
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Steps Involved in Water Proofing
• Step 1: Surface Preparation
Clean the surface thoroughly free from loose materials, dust,
and oil.
• Step 2: Application of Primary Coat
Apply a primary coat i.e Solvent-based or water-based primers
are suitable for bitumen membranes.
• Step 3: Unrolling the Membrane Sheets
Checking for the correct alignment and adjust the sheets
wherever required and unrolls the sheets on the surface of the
structure.
• Step 4: Heating the Membranes
Heat with the torch the burn off film present at the underside
face of the membrane.
• Step 5: Pressing the Membrane
Press the membrane firmly ensuring proper bonding with the
surface of the concrete. Additional care has to be taken for the
overlaps, edges and angles to make sure proper bonding.
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Common Problems for waterproofing
& its solutions
• Poor Installation - Always hire experienced, certified
waterproofing professionals.
• Incorrect Product Selection - Determine the best
product and factors like climate, substrate type, and
expected water exposure should be considered.
• Penetrations and Joints -Use appropriate sealants and
ensure a tight, waterproof seal around all penetrations.
• UV Degradation - apply protective coatings to extend
the life of the waterproofing system.
• Condensation Problems - Ensure proper ventilation
and insulation to minimize condensation.
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Thank You
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