COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ACCOUNTANCY
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
MANAGING LOGISTICS RISKS:
STRATEGIES FOR RESILIENCE OF E-COMMERCE BUSINESSES
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Business, Entrepreneurship, and Accountancy
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pasig City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Major in Marketing Management
By:
Beltran, Avigail L.
Marcelino, Myka Angela R.
Rodriguez, Julianne Mae V.
Sinahon, Denise P.
2025
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ACCOUNTANCY
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “MANAGING LOGISTICS RISKS: STRATEGIES FOR
RESILIENCE OF E-COMMERCE BUSINESSES”, prepared and submitted by
Avigail L. Beltran, Myka Angela R. Marcelino, Julianne Mae V. Rodriguez, and
Denise P. Sinahon, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree,
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Operations
Management, has been examined and is hereby recommended for oral
examination.
___________________
Date
DR. CORAZON D. AUSTRIA
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Oral Examination Committee with a grade of _____, on
December 8, 2021.
Chairman
Member
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor
of Science in Business Administration major in Marketing Management.
DR. KATHRYN D. TRIA
Dean, College of Business,
Entrepreneurship, and Accountancy
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The researchers would like to extend their profound gratitude and sincerest
appreciation to the following persons who have contributed and extended their
generous assistance and support in the completion of this study:
A.L.B.
M.A.R.M.
J.M.V.R.
D.P.S.
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ACCOUNTANCY
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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE .................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ vi
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURE .......................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER
I.THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................ 3
Statement of the Problem .................................................................... 7
Hypotheses Tested .............................................................................. 8
Scope and Delimitation of the Study .................................................... 9
Significance of the Study………..…………………………….……….…10
Definition of Terms…… ...................................................................... 11
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Understanding the Saving Behavior ................................................... 14
Saving Determinants of Filipino Households ...................................... 17
Financial Condition of Filipino Households During
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ACCOUNTANCY
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the Crisis(Covid-19) ........................................................................... 21
Synthesis ........................................................................................... 25
III.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Method Use ....................................................................... 27
Population Frame and Sampling Scheme .......................................... 28
Description of the Respondents ......................................................... 28
Research Instrument .......................................................................... 28
Data Gathering Procedure ................................................................. 30
Statistical Treatment of Data .............................................................. 30
REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 74
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Survey Questionnaire .................................................... 82
Appendix B. Letter to Respondents.................................................... 86
CURRICULUM VITAE .............................................................................. 87
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure .............................................................................................. Page
1
Conceptual Framework ....................................................... 6
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In the fast-evolving landscape of e-commerce, efficient logistics
management is crucial for business success. However, logistics operations are
highly vulnerable to risks such as supply chain disruptions, transportation
delays, inventory shortages, and cybersecurity threats. These risks can
significantly impact customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and overall
business resilience.
In the rapidly evolving world of e-commerce, managing logistics
risks is pivotal for maintaining operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.
The ever-growing demand for fast and reliable delivery services, coupled with
the complexities of global supply chains, exposes e-commerce businesses to
various logistical challenges. These challenges range from transportation
disruptions and inventory management issues to unforeseen events such as
natural disasters and geopolitical tensions.
This research explores strategies for managing logistics risks in ecommerce businesses, focusing on building resilience through proactive
planning, technological innovations, and adaptive supply chain models. By
examining key risk factors and mitigation techniques, this study aims to provide
insights into how e-commerce businesses can enhance their logistics
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operations, minimize disruptions, and maintain seamless customer service in an
unpredictable market environment.
This research aims to explore strategies that e-commerce
businesses can employ to build resilience and effectively manage logistics risks.
By examining best practices, innovative technologies, and case studies of
successful
e-commerce
companies,
this
study
seeks
to
provide
a
comprehensive framework for enhancing logistical robustness and ensuring
business continuity in the face of uncertainties. With the insights gained from
this research, e-commerce businesses can better navigate the intricacies of the
logistics landscape and achieve sustainable growth in an increasingly
competitive market.
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Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework for the research titled “Managing Logistics
Risks: Strategies for Resilience of E-Commerce Businesses” will be grounded
in several key theories and concepts from logistics, risk management, and
organizational resilience literature. These foundational theories will guide the
exploration of effective strategies for mitigating logistics risks and building
resilient e-commerce operations.
1. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) Theory
Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) theory focuses on identifying,
assessing, and mitigating risks throughout the supply chain to enhance overall
resilience. Key components of SCRM include risk identification, risk
assessment, risk mitigation strategies, and continuous monitoring. By applying
SCRM principles, e-commerce businesses can proactively address potential
disruptions and maintain seamless operations.
2. Organizational Resilience Theory
Organizational Resilience Theory emphasizes the ability of organizations
to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from unexpected disruptions.
This theory highlights the importance of adaptability, flexibility, and robust
contingency planning. E-commerce businesses can leverage organizational
resilience principles to build a resilient logistics infrastructure that can withstand
various risks and uncertainties.
3. Dynamic Capabilities Framework
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The Dynamic Capabilities Framework posits that organizations can
achieve competitive advantage by continuously developing and leveraging their
unique capabilities to respond to changing environments. In the context of ecommerce logistics, this framework underscores the importance of agility,
innovation, and continuous improvement in logistics processes to effectively
manage risks and enhance resilience.
4. Contingency Theory
Contingency Theory suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all approach
to management, and organizational strategies should be tailored to specific
situational factors. Applied to logistics risk management, this theory emphasizes
the need for customized risk mitigation strategies based on the unique
characteristics and challenges of each e-commerce business.
5. Network Theory
Network Theory examines the interdependencies and relationships
within complex systems, such as supply chains and logistics networks. By
understanding the interconnectedness of various elements in the logistics
network, e-commerce businesses can identify critical nodes and potential points
of failure. This theory provides insights into how to build robust and resilient
logistics networks.
6. Resource-Based View (RBV)
The Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm emphasizes the importance
of leveraging internal resources and capabilities to achieve sustained
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competitive advantage. In the context of logistics risk management, this theory
highlights the significance of investing in and optimizing logistics resources,
such as technology, human capital, and infrastructure, to enhance resilience.
7. Resilience Engineering
Resilience Engineering focuses on designing systems that can withstand
and adapt to disruptions. Key principles include redundancy, flexibility, and
robustness. By applying Resilience Engineering principles, e-commerce
businesses can create logistics systems that are capable of absorbing shocks
and recovering quickly from adverse events.
By integrating these theories into the research framework, this study will
provide a comprehensive understanding of how e-commerce businesses can
effectively manage logistics risks and build resilience. The theoretical foundation
will guide the development of practical strategies and best practices for
enhancing logistical robustness and ensuring business continuity in the face of
uncertainties.
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Logistics risks have become a critical challenge for e-commerce
businesses, particularly in an era marked by supply chain disruptions,
geopolitical uncertainties, and technological advancements. A strong theoretical
foundation is essential for understanding how businesses can mitigate these
risks and build resilience. This study integrates relevant risk management and
supply chain theories to explain strategies that enhance the resilience of ecommerce logistics systems.
2. Relevant Theories and Models
2.1 Risk Management Theory
Risk Management Theory provides a structured approach for identifying,
assessing, and mitigating risks in business operations. It emphasizes proactive
strategies such as diversification, contingency planning, and risk-sharing
mechanisms to minimize disruptions. In the context of e-commerce logistics,
this theory supports the adoption of risk assessment frameworks, technologydriven monitoring, and collaboration with third-party logistics providers (3PLs).
2.2 Supply Chain Resilience Theory
Supply Chain Resilience Theory focuses on an organization’s ability to
anticipate, respond to, and recover from disruptions. It highlights four key pillars:

Flexibility – Adapting logistics processes and sourcing strategies
in response to market changes.

Redundancy – Having backup suppliers, alternative transportation
routes, and inventory buffers.
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
Visibility – Using technology to enhance real-time monitoring of
supply chains.

Collaboration – Strengthening relationships with suppliers,
logistics partners, and government agencies.
This theory is essential in understanding how e-commerce businesses
can maintain service continuity despite logistical challenges.
2.3 Systems Theory
Systems Theory views logistics as an interconnected system where
disruptions in one component affect the entire supply chain. It emphasizes:

Interdependencies between suppliers, transportation networks,
and warehousing.

Feedback loops where disruptions in one area create ripple effects
throughout the supply chain.

Adaptability to external and internal shocks by optimizing supply
chain configurations.
This theory helps explain how logistics risks are interconnected and how
resilience strategies should be holistic rather than isolated interventions.
2.4 Resource-Based View (RBV)
The Resource-Based View (RBV) highlights the strategic importance of
internal resources in achieving competitive advantage. In e-commerce logistics,
key resources include:
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
Technological
infrastructure
(e.g.,
AI-powered
demand
forecasting, blockchain for supply chain transparency).

Human capital (e.g., skilled logistics managers, data analysts).

Strategic partnerships (e.g., alliances with 3PL providers, lastmile delivery networks).
RBV suggests that businesses investing in these resources can better
withstand logistics risks and enhance operational resilience.
3. Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework for this study integrates the above theories
into a model explaining the relationship between logistics risks, resilience
strategies, and e-commerce performance. The key relationships are:

Logistics Risks (e.g., supply chain disruptions, transportation
failures, inventory shortages) → Risk Mitigation Strategies
(technology adoption, diversification, collaboration) → Increased
Resilience (faster recovery, cost efficiency, customer satisfaction).
A visual representation (diagram) can be included to illustrate these
connections.
4. Justification of the Framework
This theoretical framework is essential for understanding how ecommerce businesses can proactively manage logistics risks. By combining
Risk Management Theory, Supply Chain Resilience Theory, Systems Theory,
and RBV, this study provides a comprehensive approach to mitigating risks and
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ACCOUNTANCY
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strengthening logistics operations. These theories guide the development of
practical strategies for ensuring business continuity, operational efficiency, and
customer satisfaction in the face of disruptions.
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Theoretical Framework
The theoretical underpinning of this study is supported by the life-cycle
theory of Modigliani and his student Brumberg in the early 1950s, which
describes people’s spending and saving habits throughout a lifetime. The theory
is that individuals seek to smooth consumption throughout their lifetime by
borrowing when their income is low and saving when they are high (Cheng,
2020).
This life-cycle theory assumes that people plan ahead of time to build
wealth, but many procrastinate or lack the discipline to save. It also assumes
that those with high incomes can save and have more incredible financial savvy
than those on low incomes. People with low incomes may have credit card debt
and less disposable income (Cheng, 2020). This study aims to ascertain the
impact of COVID-19, precisely how this pandemic changes the way people save
money. The researchers aim to know how people manage their finances during
this pandemic. Many of them are unemployed.
The theoretical framework used to model consumption/saving decisions
posits that rational and foresighted consumers derive utility from consumption
over their lifetimes.The consumer maximizes a lifetime expected utility subject
to an inter-temporal budget constraint in the most straightforward format. This
model considers lifetime resources, distribution, and age critical in saving
decisions. Thus, those facing an upward-sloping age-income profile will borrow
when young to smooth their consumption over the life cycle. Similarly, rich
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pensions may not need to accumulate a lot of extra private savings to provide
for themselves when they stop working. Preferences, such as the rate of time
preference, also play an essential role. Those who place a high value on the
present will consume more today than individuals who discount the future less
heavily.
In the General Theory of Keynes, saving and investment equality is
derived from the general equality of aggregate demand and aggregate supply
Equilibrium in the economy is arrived at when total demand in the economy is
equal to aggregate supply. (Pal, D. Saving and Investment Equality).
In this theory, Keynes defined that saving and investment are equal. And
called it accounting equality. Accounting equality between saving and
investment is also called logical identity. And also explain the paradox of drift. It
says that if all people living in a community try to save their money, the total or
aggregate saving will not rise. And it also reminds the saying that one man’s
saving is another man’s reduced income when one man saves more in the
community. It means somebody else’s income is being lowered.
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