Preparing column Footing
Every RCC structure cab be divided into two parts:
1. The portion above the ground, called superstructure.
2. The portion which is below the ground level called sub-structure or
foundation.
Why Column footing design is necessary?
1. To safely transmit the loads and moments from the superstructure to
the soil, so that the pressure on the soil does not exceed bearing
capacity at any point.
2. To ensure safety with respect to permissible settlement, tilting in one
direction, overturning, uplift pressure, etc.
Classification of foundations
Depending upon the type of structure, distribution of loads, type and capacity of
sub-soil, presence, and level of the water table, etc, different types of foundations
are provided. Following are some common type of foundations:
1. Isolated footing
2. Square footing
3. Rectangular footing
4. Circular footing
5. Combined footing
6. Rectangular
7. Trapezoidal
8. Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
9. Strap footings
10.
Raft or mat footing
11.
Pile footing
12.
Well foundation