Hullscant Help Index
Introduction
Process Description
Windows and Dialogs
File Types and Formats
Glossary
2
3
25
63
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Version 05.05.10
WOLFSON UNIT
FOR MARINE TECHNOLOGY &
INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
Tel: +44 (0)23 8058 5044
Fax: +44 (0)23 8067 1532
e-mail: wumtia@soton.ac.uk
World Wide Web: http:\\www.wolfsonunit.com
1
Introduction
Hullscant is a program for calculating requirements for hull construction and scantlings and includes
several optional modules. The base module is used for calculating plating and internal structure. In
addition there is a module for calculating the scantlings of rudders fitted to small craft.
The scantling requirements are based on the following:
• International Standard 12215 - Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5: Design
pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination
• International Standard 12215 - Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 8: Rudders
hereafter referred to as the ISO Standard(s).
This manual describes the operation of the Hullscant program. It is not a replacement for the ISO 12215
Standards and the program should not be used without a copy of the ISO Standards available. The
program maintains the nomenclature and units of the standards where possible.
Sections of the ISO Standards included in the Hullscant are detailed in the Scope of Program in the
Process Description section.
Hullscant is written for the Windows 98/NT/2000/XP operating systems.
To find the actual version of the standards to which the calculations of the program are written use the
Help, About menu item.
Plating and Internal Structure – Base Module
Hullscant can calculate plating and internal structure properties and requirements. By defining the boat
particulars and plating/internal geometry, structural requirements can be calculated for thickness,
section modulii and inertia.
Basic material properties can be offered to the calculated requirements or Hullscant can be used to
build up a laminate or stiffener from a library of materials to calculate the properties for structure
composed of materials with different properties. A report is issued detailing the calculations to the ISO
Standard and also pass/fail ratios to the offered mechanical properties.
Hullscant can calculate requirements and properties for boats constructed of aluminium alloys, steel,
wood and fibre reinforced plastic single skin and sandwich laminates.
Rudder Scantlings – Rudder Module
Hullscant can calculate rudder structure properties and requirements. By defining the rudder particulars
and geometry, structural requirements can be calculated for rudder scantling mechanical properties.
Basic material properties can be offered to the calculated requirements or HullScant can be used to
build up a stock or section laminate from a library of materials to calculate the properties for structure
composed of materials with different properties. A report is issued detailing the calculations the the ISO
Standard and also pass/fail ratios of the offered mechanical properties.
Hullscant can calculate requirements and properties for rudders constructed of aluminium alloys, steel,
titanium, copper alloys, wood and fibre reinforced plastic.
Acknowledgments
HullScant development and validation is in association with the International Sailing Federation (ISAF).
www.sailing.org.
The RYA contribution has been facilitated though the significant assistance of Dr Robin Loscombe
member of ISO/TC 188/Working Group 18, with ISO 12215 interpretation and validation.
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Process Description
Scope of Program
General Order of Working
Requirements vs Offered Properties
Boat Particulars
Panel Plating Definition
Stiffener Definition
Material Properties
Laminate Definition
Orthotropic Panels
Sandwich Beam Bending
Weight Estimate
Formatting of Results
Rudder Module
Rudder Definition
Rudder Stock Laminate Definition
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Scope of Program
Calculation of Mechanical Properties
Hullscant can be used as a general program for calculating the mechanical properties of the
materials, plating, laminates, and scantlings of a vessel. These properties can also be offered to the
requirements based on the ISO Standard.
ISO 12215 - Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5: Design pressures for
monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination. HullScant requirement calculations are in accordance with International Standard 12215 - Small craft Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings
determination. Referred to in this manual as the ISO Standard. This includes calculations for Motor
and Sailing Craft.
Sections Include:
Sections 1 to 11.
Annex C,D,E,F,G and H.
Changes and Limitations
Section 10.5.6 Minimum skin fibre mass requirements: k6=1 only.
Section 11.5 For floating stiffeners there is an error in the ISO standard equation (51) such that the
kSA factor should always be 5 for hybrid/laminated or complex stiffeners using the required shear force
and shear flow methods. Hullscant calculates this correctly.
Section 11.8 Structural Bulkheads: Calculations not included
Annex A and B not included.
Annex G: Geometric properties of stiffeners: properties of stiffeners are calculated from first principles
to match tables.
Annex G.3 Round bilges and hard chines: Not included.
Annex H.2.1.10 Fibres not parallel to panel sides: Angle not included; non-parallel fibre ply material
properties should be entered as an individual material.
ISO 12215 - Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings – Pat 8: Rudders
HullScant requirement calculations are in accordance with International Standard 12215 - Small craft Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5: Rudders. Referred to in this manual as the ISO Standard.
This includes calculations for Motor and Sailing Craft.
Important: The rudder module is applicable to spade rudders only.
Sections Include:
Sections 1 to 8.2, 9 to 10.6
Annex A, B, D
Changes and Limitations
4
General Order of Working
The general order of working is described in the flow diagram below. Each user will have their own
methods of working but this is a suggested route through the program to complete an ISO 12215-5
evaluation of a Motor or Sailing vessel.
The user will require construction drawings, including panel and stiffener dimensions, material
properties, laminate schedules and general boat particulars.
It is best to create an appropriate labelling convention for panels and stiffeners, as each requirement
set in the HullScant program requires a name. The Boat View Window is also a useful tool to locate
panels and stiffeners once entered.
Define Boat Particulars Motor or Sail, Design
Category, Dimensions etc.
Define Material Library of
materials principaly used in
the construction of the boat.
Is the construction FRP
Sandwich or single skin FRP
with differing lay-up, strength
and elastic properties.
Define Stiffener Library
principally used in the
construction of the boat.
No
Yes
Define Laminate Library of
laminate schedules principally
used in the construction of the
boat.
Define Panel Requirements
with the Materials and/or
Laminates offered to the
requirement.
Add appropriate Materials or
Laminates for variations in the
standard construction as
necessary.
Define Stiffener Requirements
with the Stiffeners offered to
the requirement.
Add appropriate Stiffeners for
variations in the standard
construction as necessary.
Check for errors in defining
requirements using the Boat
View
Calculate ISO Results
5
Requirements vs Offered Properties
The ISO Standard calculates structural requirements for a particular set of boat particulars and
structural geometry, location and material properties. To determine whether a boat complies with the
rules the actual structural properties are offered up to the requirements. If the offered properties are
equal to or exceed the requirements the boat then complies with the ISO Standard.
Hullscant is used to calculate the requirements from input data using the algorithms set out in the ISO
standard. The requirements are then offered up a set of material properties to determine whether a
boat complies. For the case of sandwich laminates and internal structure the offered properties are
calculated from a set of material properties and a particular layup or input structural geometry (e.g. I
stiffener, tophat stiffener, T joint etc.).
For further information refer to Sections 1 to 5 of the ISO Standard.
Report
A report is issued in the Results Window detailing the input boat particulars and the calculated basic
design pressure from those particulars. Also included for the plating and stiffeners are the calculations
to the ISO Standard, the material properties used, the required properties, the offered properties, the
offered/required ratio and a final compliance with the standard (pass/fail).
6
Boat Particulars
A Boat in the terms of Hullscant is defined by its principal particulars. These particulars are based on
whether the vessel is a Motor or Sailing Craft. The boat particulars are set in the Boat Particulars
dialog activated by the Edit, Boat Particulars menu item of the Main HullScant Window. The entered
values are used to determine the Design pressure for panel plating and stiffening structure.
The boat particulars are bound by limitations detailed in Sections 3 to 6 of the ISO Standard. If the
entered data is outside these limits, Hullscant will still calculate requirements but with a relevant error.
For full details refer to Boat Particulars definition and Section 3 to 6 of the ISO Standard.
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Panel Plating Definition
Hullscant can be used purely to calculate the properties of a material or laminate or can be used to
compare a material or laminate to a panel requirement calculated using the ISO Standard. The
following section describes the panel requirement and a panel material or laminate and the process of
definition within Hullscant. Definitions of terms, methods and calculations should be referred to the
ISO standard.
Panel Requirement
A panel requirement is necessary to review a boat’s plating to the ISO Standard. A panel requirement
is calculated using Section 8: Design pressure, Section 9: Dimensions of panels and stiffeners and
Section 10: Plating – Scantling Equations of the ISO Standard.
A panel requirement can be add in the Panel Requirements Window. A panel is defined using inputs
to define the panel position, size and type in the Panel Requirement dialog to calculate a requirement
to which a material or laminate is offered. The position and size of a panel is measured from drawing
plans and the axis system us defined as follows:
Canoe Body Draught
Height to centre of
panel above baseline
Baseline Position
(Positive Downwards)
Height of deck
above baseline
Baseline
Some viewing options are also set in the Panel Requirement dialog to aid the user in the Boat View
Window and are not of consequence in the ISO Standard calculation.
A material or laminate that is offered to the requirement is also set in the Panel Requirement dialog
and these are created in the Materials Library Window and Laminate Library Window respectively
If the plating is constructed from aluminium, steel, cold-moulded wood laminate, or FRP single-skin
laminate a thickness requirement is calculated to which a single material is offered, for more
information see Material Properties. For sandwich construction plating, section stiffness and bending
stress requirement is calculated to which a sandwich laminate is offered, for more information see
Laminate Definition. The following section describes the process to decide the best way of describing
the plating material or laminate.
Panel Material or Laminate
The panel material or laminate describes the actual panel mechanical properties to be compared to
the ISO Standard or for other methods of assessment. Materials are set in the Materials Library
Window and Laminates are set in the Laminate Library Window.
A library of materials or laminate can be created in the Materials Library Window and Laminate
Library Window. Any one of the materials or laminates can be offered to a requirement in the Panel
Requirement dialog. A single defined material or laminate can be offered to multiple requirements
where the panel materials are the same.
The selection of material type or laminate is based on the construction of the boat and the process for
deciding the best option is described in the following flow chart. Words indicated in red refer to a
menu item title in the appropriate window. Once a material or laminate is add this may be referred to
for comparison with the ISO Standard in the Panel Requirement dialog.
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START
Is the panel
material covered by the
types represented in the
ISO STANDARD ?
Define a USER DEFINED
MATERIAL in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY
No
Yes
Is the panel
Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (FRP) Sandwich
? (e.g. Glass, Aramid or
Carbon with
Core)
No
No
Yes
Yes
Define the individual ply
materials and core material in
the MATERIALS LIBRARY
followed by definition of a
LAMINATE panel in the
LAMINATES LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex H Laminate Stack Analysis.
Is the panel Fibre
Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
single skin ?
No
Is the panel Wood or
Wood laminate ?
Yes
Define an appropriate WOOD,
PLYWOOD, COLD
MOULDED VENEERS or
STRIP PLANKING in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex E Wood laminate and wood
calculations.
Are the panel
plys similar in lay-up, in
strength and in elastic
properties
Yes
Is the panel material
Glass Reinforced Plastic
(GRP) ?
No
Define an appropriate
ARAMID/CARBON
LAMINATE in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex C - FRP laminates
properties and calculations.
Yes
No
Is the panel GRP fibre of
a single weave type ?
Yes
Define an appropriate GRP
LAMINATE in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex C - FRP laminates
properties and calculations.
9
Define an appropriate GRP
MULTIPLE LAMINATE in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex C FRP laminates properties and
calculations.
No
Define an appropriate
ALUMINIUM ALLOY or MILD
STEEL in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex F - Mechanical
properties of metals.
A similar chart for the selection of material properties can be seen in the Material Properties section.
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Stiffener Definition
Hullscant can be used purely to calculate the properties of a stiffener or can be used to compare a
stiffener to a stiffener requirement calculated using the ISO Standard. The following section describes
the stiffener requirement and an actual stiffener definition and the process within Hullscant. Definitions
of terms, methods and calculations should be referred to the ISO standard.
Stiffener Requirement
A stiffener requirement is necessary to review a boat’s internal structure to the ISO Standard. A
stiffener requirement is calculated using Section 8: Design pressure, Section 9: Dimensions of panels
and stiffeners and Section 11: Stiffening members requirements of the ISO Standard.
A stiffener requirement can be add in the Stiffener Requirements Window. A stiffener is defined using
inputs to define the stiffener position, size and type in the Stiffener Requirement dialog to calculate a
requirement to which a stiffener is offered. The position and size of a stiffener is measured from
drawing plans and the axis system used is defined as follows:
Canoe Body Draught
Height to centre of
panel above baseline
Baseline Position
(Positive Downwards)
Height of deck
above baseline
Baseline
Some viewing options are also set in the Stiffener Requirement dialog to aid the user in the Boat View
Window and are not of consequence in the ISO Standard calculation.
An actual stiffener that is offered to the requirement is also set in the Stiffener Requirement dialog and
these are created in the Stiffener Library Window.
If the plating is constructed from aluminium, steel or wood a bending stress and shear area
requirement is calculated. For FRP construction stiffeners, a stiffness requirement is calculated to
which a laminate is offered, for more information see Laminate Definition. The following section
describes the process to decide the best way of describing the stiffener geometry and mechanical
properties.
Stiffener Material and Geometry
The stiffener material or laminate describes the actual stiffener mechanical properties to be compared
to the ISO Standard or for other methods of assessment. Materials are set in the Materials Library
Window and Stiffeners are defined in the Stiffener Library Window.
A library of stiffeners can be created in the Stiffener Library Window and any one of these stiffeners
can be offered to a requirement in the Stiffener Requirement dialog. A single defined stiffener can be
offered to multiple requirements where the stiffener shape and materials are the same.
The selection of material type and stiffener type is based on the construction of the boat and the
process for deciding the best option is described in the following flow chart. Words indicated in red
refer to a menu item title in the appropriate window. Once a stiffener is add this may be referred to for
comparison with the ISO Standard in the Stiffener Requirement dialog.
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START
Is the stiffener of standard
stock shape, i.e. Flat bar, T, L
or Top Hat ?
No
Define the individual materials in
the MATERIALS LIBRARY
followed by definition of a
COMPLEX STIFFENER in the
STIFFENER LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex H Laminate Stack Analysis.
Yes
Is the stiffener of solid metal,
solid wood, or single skin FRP ?
No
Define the individual materials in
the MATERIALS LIBRARY
followed by definition of a
HYBRID/LAMINATED
STIFFENER in the STIFFENER
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex H - Laminate Stack
Analysis.
Yes
Define the stiffener material in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY followed by
definition of a STOCK STIFFENER in
STIFFENER LIBRARY in accordance
with Annex G - Geometric Properties
of Stiffeners.
A similar chart for the selection of material properties can be seen in the Material Properties section.
Stock Stiffener Definition:
A Stock Stiffener is defined in the Stock Stiffener dialog.
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener Definition:
A Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener in the Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener dialog.
Complex Stiffener Definition:
A Complex Stiffener is defined in the Laminate Window.
When defining a Complex Stiffener some layers may be described as Web parts. When a layer is
defined as a web part the height is defined rather than the width of the ply. Consecutive web part
layers in a group do not keep adding to the height until they are separated by a non-web part. The
web part layers are placed alongside in order from left to right.
The following figure shows a T type stiffener with a web height of 100mm defined in the Laminate
Window.
12
13
Material Properties
A library of materials can be created in the Materials Library Window. This includes the facility to add
the materials and their mechanical properties defined in the ISO Standard and also an option for a
user defined material.
A default material can be defined for use as a general material that is prevalent in the boat hull
structure. This is defined in the Structure menu of the Main HullScant Window. This is the default
material if none has been offered to a panel or stiffener requirement.
Hullscant implements the following Part 5 Annexes to calculate the material property options in the
Materials Library Window:
GRP Laminate, GRP Multiple Laminate,
Annex C: FRP Laminates properties and
Aramid/Carbon Laminate
calculations
Core Material
Annex D: Section D.1 Sandwich Core material
mechanical properties
Wood, Plywood, Cold-Moulded Veneers, Strip
Annex E: Wood laminate properties and wood
Planking
calculations
Aluminium Alloy, Mild Steel
Annex F: Mechanical properties of metals
In general thickness is in millimetres (mm) and Strength and Modulus in Newtons per millimetres
squared (N/mm²).
For aluminium, steel, wood and single-skin laminate plating the material thickness is offered up
against the requirements to determine compliance with the ISO Standard. For stiffeners, the material
is used in conjunction with the stiffener geometry definition. For laminates the material is used as an
individual ply or core within the laminate schedule.
The selection of material type is based on the construction of the boat and the process for deciding
the best option is described in the following flow chart. Words indicated in red refer to a menu item
title in the appropriate window.
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START
Is the material
covered by the types
represented in the ISO
STANDARD ?
No
Define a USER DEFINED
MATERIAL in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY
Yes
Is the material Fibre
Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
single skin ?
No
Is the material Wood or
Wood laminate ?
No
Yes
Is the material Glass
Reinforced Plastic
(GRP) ?
Yes
Define an appropriate WOOD,
PLYWOOD, COLD
MOULDED VENEERS or
STRIP PLANKING in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex E Wood laminate and wood
calculations.
Yes
No
Define an appropriate
ALUMINIUM ALLOY or MILD
STEEL in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex F - Mechanical
properties of metals.
Define an appropriate
ARAMID/CARBON
LAMINATE material in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex C FRP laminates properties and
calculations.
Yes
Is the GRP fibre of a
single weave type ?
No
Is the material Metal ?
Define an appropriate GRP
MULTIPLE LAMINATE in the
MATERIALS LIBRARY in
accordance with Annex C FRP laminates properties and
calculations.
Yes
Define an appropriate GRP
LAMINATE in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex C - FRP laminates
properties and calculations.
15
No
Define an appropriate CORE
MATERIAL in the MATERIALS
LIBRARY in accordance with
Annex D.1 - Sandwich Core
material mechanical
properties.
Rudder Module
Hullscant implements the following Part 8 Annex to calculate the material property options in the
Materials Library Window:
Stainless Steel
Annex A: Metal for rudder stock
Mild Steel
Aluminium Alloy.
Titanium Alloy
Copper Alloy
In general thickness is in millimetres (mm) and Strength and Modulus in Newtons per millimetres
squared (N/mm²).
16
Laminate Definition
A library of laminates can be created in the Laminate Library Window. Any one of the laminates can
be offered to a requirement in the Panel Requirement dialog. A single defined laminate can be offered
to multiple requirements where the laminate schedule is the same.
A laminate, hybrid stiffener or complex stiffener can be built up from a library of materials An
individual ply or core within the laminate schedule is selected from the materials set in the Materials
Library Window.
An offered laminate mechanical properties are calculated using Annex H: Laminate Stack Analysis of
the ISO Standard.
When defining a laminate, the laminate schedule is in the short direction of the panel.
In the hull scantling program a laminate is created as if laying onto a female mould with the outer
most ply first and inner most ply last. For more information see the Laminate Window.
10mm
Inner
Skin 4
Skin 3
Core
Outer
Skin 2
Skin 1
For more information also refer to Sandwich Beam Bending.
17
Orthotropic Panels
Panels that are orthotropic in nature are those with dissimilar properties in the short and long
direction, maybe containing uni-directionals or other fabric weave with directional specific properties.
These panels have to be analysed in both directions as per Annex H of the ISO Standard.
Two laminate definitions need to be created; through the short direction (the normal analysis direction
for isotropic panels) and through the long direction. This can easily be facilitated using the Add
Laminate at 90 degrees menu item of the Laminate Library Window. This will create a new laminate
from the currently selected laminate but with any unidirectional laminates the direction will be
perpendicular to those set in the material of the initial laminate.
Any materials that are created perpendicular to the initial material will be added to the materials
library. This procedure is only automated if no test data has been entered in the laminate.
Please note: While other fabric weaves may be orthotropic, this method only creates an
orthogonal laminate by re-orientating the unidirectional plies by 90 degrees.
The two laminates in the short and long direction for the ISO requirement are set in the Panel
Requirement dialog. This only needs to be done if the panel is orthotropic in nature.
short direction
Panel
long direction
18
Bending Moment
Sandwich Beam Bending
Tension
Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Compression
`
19
Weight Estimate
The weight estimate is calculated using the Results, Weight Estimate menu item of the Main
HullScant Window. The results will be shown in the Results Window.
The weight estimate is an approximate indication and is likely to underestimate the total structural
weight of the hull. Please see the important notes at the end of this section.
The weight estimate results details the total weight, centre of gravity and longitudinal mass inertia of
the panels, stiffeners and overall structure. The results also show the details for every individual panel
or stiffener that is included in the weight estimate. To include a panel in stiffener in a weight estimate
set the option in the Stiffener Requirement dialog or Panel Requirement dialog as appropriate. The
default is to include a panel or stiffener in the weight estimate. It is important for the weight and inertia
calculations to correctly set the orientation and side position of a panel or stiffener in the viewing and
weight page of the Stiffener Requirement dialog or Panel Requirement dialog as appropriate.
The weight calculation uses the material density and length, width and thickness to calculate a weight
estimate for panels and stiffeners. For fibre-reinforced plastics the total fibre weight divided the fibre
content by mass is used to get a weight per metre squared, this is then multiplied by the thickness,
length and width of the laminate or plies to get the weight of the panel or stiffener.
The longitudinal centre of gravity position is calculated by taking and summing moments of the
individual panels and stiffeners and dividing it by the total weight. The longitudinal position reference
point is about the aft end of LWL as in defining the position of a panel or stiffener for the ISO
standard.
The mass moment of inertia represents the distribution of weight of the boat structure. The mass
moment of inertia is calculated using the mass moment of inertia of the individual panel or stiffener
about its own axis plus the parallel axis moment of inertia about the longitudinal centre of gravity. The
totals are presented about the longitudinal centre of gravity.
The longitudinal radii of gyration is calculated by the square root of the [inertia divided by the mass].
For some Ship Motions calculations this is necessary and is sometimes represented as a coefficient
by dividing this value by the overall length of the vessel. For most boats and ships this value is in the
region of 0.25 including the total lightship items (i.e. engine, fit out, etc.).
Important Notes:
Panel curvature is accounted for in the short edge direction only, there is no correction for curvature in
the long edge direction Panel weights do not include the panel area at the base of top hat stiffeners.
Stiffener curvature is accounted for in the length only, there is no correction for curvature in the
spacing direction. Top hat stiffener weights include the panel area at the base of the stiffener.
There is no correction for compound or complex curvature such as wine-glass or fin & tuck style
transverse framed boats.
The weight estimate does not include additional structural items such as epoxy coating on wood,
core-skin bonding paste, gelcoat, filler, welding etc.
20
Formatting of Results
The results of the HullScant calculation methods are displayed in the Results window. The results
window has options that can be used to format the results for direct printing from HullScant or copying
into a word-processing document to create a report for example.
More information is available in the help on the Results window.
At any time a print preview of the results is available using the Results, Print Preview menu item.
The following options are available in the Format menu list in the Results window.
Page Formatting
The font properties and size may be adjusted. Selecting a smaller font will allow more lines of report per
page.
Links are written in the results to make navigating sections etc. easier. These are often not required
when printing or copying results and can be turned off in the format menu.
Table Formatting
There are several options for formatting the presentation and spacing of your table. The table spacing
governs how much space is between an item in a cell and the table border. A smaller spacing allows
more rows and columns per page. A table border may be selected or removed. The colours of the table
and table background may also be adjusted.
Table headings can be repeated after a set number of rows or lines of results. This option is set in the
Repeat Table Headings. After the set number of results rows has been reached a new continued table
is started with the headers repeated at the top. This is useful when a table goes across more than one
page. There is also an option to have a page break between each continued table so that it forces the
next part of the table onto a new page.
21
Rudder Definition
Rudder Module Only
[Note: “ISO Standard” refers to ISO 12215 Part 8: Rudders]
Hullscant can be used purely to calculate the properties of a rudder section or can be used to
compare a material or laminate to a scantling requirement calculated using the ISO Standard. The
following section describes the rudder requirement and the process of definition within Hullscant.
Definitions of terms, methods and calculations should be referred to the ISO Standard.
Important: The rudder module is applicable to spade rudders only.
Rudder Requirements
A rudder requirement is necessary to review a boat rudder’s internal structure to the ISO Standard.
The rudder scantling requirements are calculated using Sections 6 to 10 of Part 8 of the ISO
Standard.
The details to calculate a rudder requirement can be set on the Rudder Geometry tab in the Rudder
Particulars dialog to calculate a requirement to which the stock or rudder section mechanical
properties are offered. The position and size of a rudder and bearing geometry is measured from
drawing plans and the nomenclature and axis system used is defined in the ISO Standard.
Rudder Profile
The rudder profile shape is set in the Rudder Profile tab in the Rudder Particulars dialog. This tab is
also used to set the stock laminate definition if appropriate, for more information see Rudder Stock
Laminate Definition.
The rudder profile is defined by a user defined set of sections. At each section the following is
defined:
Leading edge forward of the stock centreline (LE Fwd) positive is forward
Trailing edge aft of the stock centreline (TE Aft) positive is aft
Relative depth to the rudder root position (Rel. Z)
The rudder profile view is defined as forward (LE Fwd) to the right, and increasing depth (positive Z) is
downwards.
Sections may be add using the Insert Section button. The rudder profile as set is shown in a
schematic on the Rudder Profile tab.
Offered Stock Details
If the rudder stock is circular solid or tubular it can be defined on the Offered Stock Details tab in the
Rudder Particulars dialog.
The stock type can be set solid or tubular. If the stock is solid then the diameter is set, if the stock is
tubular then the inner and outer diameter is set.
If the stock is of complex or laminated construction then it can be set as Only Stock Section Laminate on
this tab and defined using the stock laminate definition, , for more information see Rudder Stock
Laminate Definition.
The offered rudder stock material is also set from the materials library. The materials are created in the
Materials Library Window and more information about the additional materials included for rudder
stocks in the rudder module can be found in the rudder module section of the Material Properties
section.
Rudder Results
The results of the ISO Standard calculation, input geometry and subsequent offered details can be seen
in the Results Window by using the Results, Rudder Calculations menu item on the Main HullScant
Window.
22
The results show the input data followed by the calculations to the ISO Standard. If a solid material type
stock has been entered it will show that data and if the stock has complied with the standard and by
what ratio. If a complex laminate has been entered a table of the required moment is shown at each
defined section, the mechanical properties of the input section shape and laminate and subsequent
comply and ratios.
23
Rudder Stock Laminate Definition
Rudder Module Only
[Note: “ISO Standard” refers to ISO 12215 Part 8: Rudders]
The rudder shape is defined in the Rudder Profile tab in the Rudder Particulars dialog.
At each rudder section down the span defined in the profile a rudder stock may also be defined if the
rudder is not a solid circular or tubular material. This can be done using the Edit Stock Laminate at
Section button and will activate the Stock/Fin Section dialog.
The stock may be defined as circle/ellipse or square/rectangle or in the case where the rudder blade
itself provides the structure it can be defined as an aerofoil/rudder blade shape as shown below:
elliptical / circular
square / rectangle
aerofoil / rudder blade
With each shape the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) dimension of the stock itself is defined.
Once the shape is defined the laminate at the section can be defined using the Edit Laminate at Section
button. This will activate the Laminate Window. In this window the definition is such that the “first”
laminate is on the inside of the stock and the “last” is on the outside. The laminate is assumed to wrap
around the shape completely as described by the solid green area in the schematics above. Care
should be taken such that the total laminate thickness is not greater than half of the minimum
longitudinal or transverse dimension.
When inserting sections in the Rudder Particulars dialog it is best to define the stock dimensions and
laminate starting at the root and working down the rudder as Hullscant will ask if you would like to copy
the previous definition which may save time in inputting stock details.
24
Windows and Dialogs
Windows
Boat View Window
Laminate Window
Laminate Library Window
Main HullScant Window
Materials Library Window
Panel Requirements Window
Results Window
Stiffener Library Window
Stiffener Requirements Window
Dialogs
About Dialog
Aluminium dialog
Aramid/Carbon Laminate dialog
Boat Particulars dialog
Cold-Moulded Veneers dialog
Core dialog
GRP Laminate dialog
GRP Multiple Laminate dialog
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener dialog
Material dialog
Panel Requirement dialog
Plywood dialog
Repeat Table Headings dialog
Set Layer dialog
Stiffener Requirement dialog
Stock Stiffener dialog
Strip Planking dialog
Wood dialog
Rudder Module
Dialogs
Rudder Particulars dialog
Rudder Stock Metal dialog
Stock/Fin Section dialog
25
Boat View Window
Description:
The Boat View window is an illustrative view of the boat, required panels and required stiffeners.
There are several views available of the boat available corresponding to set locations in the ISO
Standard.
The outline of the boat is generated using the data set in the Boat Particulars dialog. The data entered
for the required panels and stiffeners is used for generating the view. There are also additional
options in the Panel Requirement dialog and Stiffener Requirement dialog for setting the side and
orientation of a panel or stiffener to assist the user in the viewing of the boat.
A longitudinal axis is displayed on the window to indicate the position of panels and stiffeners.
Menus and Toolbars:
In the View menu there are options for setting the view to various areas of the boat corresponding
with the set locations in the ISO Standard. These include, bottom, side, deck, superstructure,
bulkheads and tanks.
To zoom the view select the View, Zoom In menu item. To zoom back out select the View, Zoom
Out menu item. To zoom back to the maximum extents of the vessel, select the View, Zoom Extents
menu item.
To pan the view select the View, Pan Mode On menu item and then click the left mouse button down
and drag the view with the mouse button down. Release the button when finished. To turn off the Pan
Mode off select the View, Pan Mode Off menu item.
Panels, Stiffeners, Labels and Axes can be switched on and off using the appropriate menu item in
the View menu.
The Deck line can be switched on and off in the side view using the appropriate menu item in the
View menu. This lines are derived from the data entered for the position of the deck in the Panel
Requirements Window and Stiffener Requirements Window for requirements located on the side.
26
These lines can be used for validation of the input data.
Functionality:
The Boat View Window has an information bar at the top of the view that details the current view type,
the zoom magnification and whether the window is in select or pan mode. For the zoom magnification
a value of 1.0 corresponds to the best fit of the boat dimensions on the current Boat View window
proportions.
Single clicking on a panel or stiffener will select it in the Boat View Window and in the respective
Panel Requirements Window or Stiffener Requirements Window. If the axis view option is enabled the
longitudinal position of the panel or stiffener will be displayed on the axis.
Double clicking on a panel or stiffener will active the respective Panel Requirement dialog or Stiffener
Requirement dialog for editing the panel or stiffener properties.
If the users clicks the right button while a panel or stiffener is selected, a pop up menu will appear with
options for editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding panel or stiffener.
27
Laminate Window
Description:
The Laminate Window is used for defining a Laminate in the Laminate Library Window and defining a
Complex Stiffener in the Stiffener Library Window.
The Laminate Window consists of the associated menu items and toolbars and has a list of the plies
in the laminate and a graphical view of these plies.
A laminate in the Laminate Window is created as if laying onto a female mould with the outer most ply
first and inner most ply last.
For further information see the Laminate Definition.
For further information about a Complex Stiffener see Stiffener Definition.
Menu Items
Toolbars
Laminate Label
Laminate Properties
Information Bar
Ply List
Laminate View
Menus and Toolbars
The File Menu is used to close the laminate with a confirmation if any changes have been made.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the materials library and undo the last change made to
the laminate using the Undo menu item.
The Layer menu is used to add, edit and delete ply layers in the ply list. The Layer menu can also be
used to manipulate the order of the ply layers in the ply list. The Layer menu can be used to add
another laminate in the Laminate Library Window to the current laminate. This is useful when creating
a Complex Stiffener when defining the plating part of the stiffener from a laminate that has already
been entered.
Functionality:
The Label is specifies the main identifier used in the Laminate Library Window and other dialogs and
results.
The Laminate Properties Information Bar details the laminate stiffness, centroid of area and thickness.
The Laminate View shows a graphical representation of the laminate. The selected ply layer in the ply
28
list is indicated by a diagonal cross pattern and outlined in black. The colour of the plies in the view
represents the elastic modulus with a Red Green Blue intensity plot. Blue being the ply with lowest
strength and red the highest strength with varying colours of the spectrum through that range.
The Ply List shows the individual ply layers and their appropriate name, modulus and thickness. If
editing a complex stiffener the width is also displayed. The selected layer in the ply list is shown in
blue and also indicated in the Laminate View.
To add a layer select the Layer, Add menu item, this will activate the Set Layer dialog. When layers
are add to the laminate they are always add on the innermost ply as if laying up a female mould. The
Layer, Insert menu item will insert a layer before (on the outer side) the currently selected layer.
Using the Layer, Edit Layer menu item or double clicking on a layer will edit the current layer in the
Set Layer dialog.
If the users clicks the right button on the Ply List and a layer is selected, a pop up menu will appear
with options for editing the properties, deleting and moving the corresponding layer.
29
Laminate Library Window
Description:
The Laminate Library Window is the window used to manipulate the library of laminates that can be
used for offering to the panel requirements and calculating the mechanical properties.
The Laminate Library window is activated using the Structure, Laminate Library menu item of the
Main HullScant Window. The window must be closed after editing of the library to return to the
functions available in the Main HullScant Window.
For further information see Laminate Definition in the Process Description.
Menus and Toolbars
The laminate library window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which laminates can be
defined, edited and deleted.
The File Menu is used to close the library with a confirmation if any changes have been made.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the properties, edit the name, copy, and delete
laminates. The commands also can undo the last change made to the library using the Undo menu
item.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add a laminate to the library or add a laminate at 90
degrees to the current laminate for analysis of an orthotropic panel. For more information see
Orthotrpoic Panels in the Process Description.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
An icon represents one of the items available within the window:
Single clicking on a laminate will select it in the Window. A user may select additional multiple
laminates by pressing the shift button and single clicking to select a group or by pressing the ctrl
button and single clicking on the additional individual laminate.
Double clicking on a stiffener will active the Laminate Window for editing the laminate properties.
If the user clicks the right button while a laminate is selected, a pop up menu will appear with options
for editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding laminate.
30
Main HullScant Window
Description:
The Main HullScant window encloses all dialogs used in HullScant It also incorporates the Menu
commands that are used for operation and information. The current version of the boat, required
panels and required stiffeners are always shown inside the main window.
Within the main HullScant window there are 3 principle operating windows: Boat View Window, Panel
Requirements Window and Stiffener Requirements Window. These windows remain open at all times
and other windows and dialogs are activated from the Menu commands on the main window. These
other windows and dialogs need to be closed before the user can return to the main HullScant
window.
For further information see the Process Description.
Menu Items
Toolbars
Required Panels Window
Required Stiffeners Window
Boat View Window
Menus and Toolbars
The main window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which all commands and dialogs
can be controlled to produce the required boat, panel and stiffener definition and calculations.
The File Menu commands are used for opening, saving, import and exporting of various File Types,
for more information see File Types and Formats.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user copy, edit and delete required panels and stiffeners. The
commands also edit the boat particulars by activating the Boat Particulars dialog.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add required panels and stiffeners.
The Structure menu commands edit the offered Materials, Stiffener and Laminate libraries of the boat.
31
The Structure menu commands also edit the default material for the boat.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
The Results Menu commands are used to calculate ISO calculation, material, laminate and stiffener
structural properties, a weight estimate and produce the corresponding report.
The Window Menu commands are used to set the tiling of the windows within the main HullScant
window.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
Each individual window has its own functionality, for further information see the following:
Panel Requirements Window
Stiffener Requirements Window
Boat View Window
32
Materials Library Window
Description:
The Materials Library Window is the window used to manipulate the library of materials that can be
used for offering to the panel requirements, defining laminates, defining stiffeners and calculating the
mechanical properties.
The Materials Library window is activated using the Structure, Materials Library menu item of the
Main HullScant Window. The window must be closed after editing of the library to return to the
functions available in the Main HullScant Window.
For further information see Material Properties in the Process Description.
Menus and Toolbars
The materials library window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which materials can be
defined, edited and deleted.
The File Menu is used to close the library with a confirmation if any changes have been made. The
File menu also has options for opening and saving a library of materials as well as saving the library
in a text file for use in reporting. For more information on materials library files see MLB File. Materials
Library File.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the properties, edit the name, copy, and delete
stiffeners. The commands also can undo the last change made to the library using the Undo menu
item.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add a material to the library. For further information on
the types of Stiffeners see Material Properties.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
The View Menu also has commands for sorting the list by name or by material type.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
An icon represents one of the items available within the window:
Aluminium:
Steel:
FRP – E-Glass, Aramid or Carbon:
Wood:
Core:
Additional Materials for Rudder Module:
Titanium:
33
Copper:
Single clicking on a material will select it in the Window. A user may select additional multiple
materials by pressing the shift button and single clicking to select a group or by pressing the ctrl
button and single clicking on the additional individual material.
Double clicking on a material will active the respective window for editing the selected material, these
include:
Aluminium dialog
Aramid/Carbon Laminate dialog
Cold-Moulded Veneers dialog
Core dialog
GRP Laminate dialog
GRP Multiple Laminate dialog
Material dialog
Plywood dialog
Strip Planking dialog
Wood dialog
If the user clicks the right button while a material is selected, a pop up menu will appear with options
for editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding material.
34
Panel Requirements Window
Description:
The Panel Requirements Window is the window used to manipulate the library of Panel Requirements
to the ISO Standard that can be used for calculating a requirement to which a material or laminate
can be offered.
The Panel Requirements window is constantly activate in the Main HullScant Window.
For further information see Panel Plating Definition in the Process Description.
Menus and Toolbars
The Panel Requirements window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which panel
requirement to the ISO Standard can be defined, edited and deleted.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the properties, edit the name, copy, and delete panels.
The commands also can undo the last change made to the library using the Undo menu item.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add a panel to the library.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
The View Menu also has commands for sorting the list by location type, longitudinal position or by
name.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
An icon represents one of the items available within the window:
Single clicking on a panel will select it in the Window and select it in the Boat View Window. A user
may select additional multiple panels by pressing the shift button and single clicking to select a group
or by pressing the ctrl button and single clicking on the additional individual panel.
Double clicking on a panel will active the Panel Requirement dialog for editing the panel properties.
If the user clicks the right button while a panel is selected, a pop up menu will appear with options for
editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding panel.
35
Results Window
Description:
The Results window is the window used to display results from ISO Calculations, Material Properties,
Stiffener Properties Calculations, Laminate Properties Calculations and Weight Estimate report.
The Results window is activated from one of the Calculate men items on the Main HullScant Window.
For more information see Formatting of Results and Requirements vs Offered Properties.
Menus and Toolbars
The Results window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which the results can be
printed, saved, copied and formatted.
The Results Menu commands allow the user to save the results as an HTML file, print the results and
set up the printer, display the results in the default internet browser and close the results.
The Edit menu commands allow the user to Copy the results to the clipboard in HTML format. The
selected text in the Results window or all the text may be copied.
The Tables menu commands are used to tailor the results with the necessary information by turning
on and off groups of columns within the table. These are enabled and disabled according to the type
of results displayed.
The Format menu item is used for setting the results font, the colour of table headings, tables and the
background. The table border can also be turned on or off using the Format Show Table Border
menu item. Links in the results can also be turned on or off using the Format Show Links menu item.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
The results will be displayed in the main part of the window. The items in blue underline are
hyperlinks to set conditions and the ‘back to top’ hyperlink will move back to the top of the results.
Individual tables and text may be selected and copied to the clipboard.
If the user clicks the right button, a pop up menu will appear with options.
A complete explanation of the result data headings can be seen in the ISO Standard.
If the results are that of ISO Calculations then any item that is below the Pass Warning Ratio set in
the Boat Particulars dialog will be displayed in the Pass Warning color set using the Format Menu.
Any item that does not comply with the standard will be displayed in the Not Comply colour set in the
Format Menu.
If the panel stress ratios are displayed then the ply that has the lowest stress ratio will be displayed in
the Not Comply colour.
36
Stiffener Library Window
Description:
The StiffenerLibrary Window is the window used to manipulate the library of stiffeners that can be
used for offering to the stiffener requirements and calculating the mechanical properties.
The Stiffener Library window is activated using the Structure, Stiffener Library menu item of the
Main HullScant Window. The window must be closed after editing of the library to return to the
functions available in the Main HullScant Window.
For further information see Stiffener Definition in the Process Description.
Menus and Toolbars
The stiffener library window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which stiffeners can be
defined, edited and deleted.
The File Menu is used to close the library with a confirmation if any changes have been made.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the properties, edit the name, copy, and delete
stiffeners. The commands also can undo the last change made to the library using the Undo menu
item.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add a stiffener to the library. For further information on
the types of Stiffeners see Stiffener Definition.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
An icon represents one of the items available within the window:
Stock Stiffener:
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener:
Complex Stiffener:
Single clicking on a stiffener will select it in the Window. A user may select additional multiple
stiffeners by pressing the shift button and single clicking to select a group or by pressing the ctrl
button and single clicking on the additional individual stiffener.
Double clicking on a laminate will active the Stock Stiffener dialog, Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener dialog
or the Laminate Window for editing the stiffener properties.
If the user clicks the right button while a stiffener is selected, a pop up menu will appear with options
for editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding stiffener.
37
Stiffener Requirements Window
Description:
The Stiffener Requirements Window is the window used to manipulate the library of Stiffener
Requirements to the ISO Standard that can be used for calculating a requirement to which a stiffener
can be offered.
The Stiffener Requirements window is constantly activate in the Main HullScant Window.
For further information see Stiffener Definition in the Process Description.
Menus and Toolbars
The Stiffener Requirements window contains the menu commands and toolbars, from which stiffener
requirement to the ISO Standard can be defined, edited and deleted.
The Edit Menu commands allow the user edit the properties, edit the name, copy, and delete
stiffeners. The commands also can undo the last change made to the library using the Undo menu
item.
The Add menu commands allow the user to add a stiffener to the library.
The Layout Menu commands are used to organise the order of the list of items in the window.
The View Menu commands are used to manipulate the current window view and change view options.
The View Menu also has commands for sorting the list by location type, longitudinal position or by
name.
On-line help can be obtained using the Help Menu commands at any time or by pressing F1 for
context sensitive help on Windows and Dialogs.
Functionality:
An icon represents one of the items available within the window:
Single clicking on a stiffener will select it in the Window and select it in the Boat View Window. A user
may select additional multiple stiffeners by pressing the shift button and single clicking to select a
group or by pressing the ctrl button and single clicking on the additional individual stiffener.
Double clicking on a stiffener will active the Stiffener Requirement dialog for editing the stiffener
properties.
If the user clicks the right button while a stiffener is selected, a pop up menu will appear with options
for editing the properties, naming and deleting the corresponding stiffener.
38
About Dialog
Description:
The About dialog indicates the HullScant version. This is important if you need to contact the Wolfson
Unit regarding enquiries about HullScant.
Functionality:
Clicking anywhere on the dialog closes the dialog.
39
Aluminium Dialog
Description:
The Aluminium Dialog is used for adding an Aluminium Alloy to the Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Aluminium Alloy.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the aluminium in millimetres.
The Alloy Type drop down list selects the Aluminium Alloy type as denoted by the ISO Standard. For
further information see Material Properties.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
40
Aramid/Carbon Laminate Dialog
Description:
The Aramid/Carbon Laminate Dialog is used for adding an Aramid or Carbon laminate to the
Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Aramid/Carbon Laminate.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Type of Fibre Ply Reinforcement specifies if the laminate fibres are aramid or carbon.
The Type of Fabric/Laminate specifies the weave of the fabric.
The Direction specifies the direction of a unidirectional laminate that the properties are to be
calculated. This is not applicable to Cross Plies (balanced 0/90°) type of fabric/laminate.
The Fibre Content by Mass specifies the mass of the fibre divided by the mass of the fibre plus resin
in the laminate.
3
The Fibre Relative Density specifies the mass of the fibre in tonnes/m (specific gravity). The Default
check box uses the ISO default values of Aramid=1.45, Carbon=1.80 depending on the Type of Fibre
Ply Reinforcement set.
3
The Resin Density Relative specifies the mass of the resin in tonneskg/m (specific gravity).
The Mass of Fibre Reinforcement specifies the mass of the aramid or carbon fibres in g/m2. There is a
selection of typical values available or the user may type a value into the edit box.
The Show Properties button activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties and
thickness calculated from the current settings in the dialog.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
41
Boat Particulars Dialog
Description:
The Boat Particulars Dialog is used for setting the principal data and operating conditions of the
vessel to be evaluated. The values are used in checking the limits of the ISO Standard and in
determining the design pressures.
For more information see Boat Particulars and Boat Particulars Definition.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Title specifies the Title, Name or Type of the vessel to be evaluated.
The Craft Type specifies if the boat is a motor or sailing vessel.
The Design Category specifies the operating design category of the vessel.
The Composite Evaluation Level specifies how the fibre reinforced plastic material properties are
derived in Annex C.
The project details memo is used to right any notes regarding the project, for example, the design
version of the vessel, any amendments and other relevant information.
Most of the following are defined in Section 4 of the ISO Standard:
The loaded displacement of the vessel is the loaded displacement mass of the craft in kilograms.
The Maximum GZ <60 degrees is the maximum righting moment lever for a sailing vessel at a heel
angle less than 60 degrees with all stability increasing devices such as canting keels or water ballast
at their most effective position, in fully loaded condition.
The Length of Hull specifies the length of hull in metres.
The Waterline Length specifies the length of the fully loaded waterline in metres.
The Waterline Beam specifies the beam of the fully loaded waterline in metres.
The Chine Beam specifies the beam of the vessel at the chine in metres. This is only applicable to
Motor Craft.
The Fully Loaded or Canoe Body Draft specifies the immersed depth of the canoe body in metres at
the loaded displacement.
The Hull Overall Depth specifies the overall depth in metres from the bottom of the canoe body of the
hull to the top of the hull or main deck. For more information see Hull Overall Depth to Deck.
The Baseline Position Below Loaded Waterline is the baseline reference point for entering panel and
stiffener heights. For more information see Baseline Position Below Loaded Waterline.
The Deadrise Angle is the angle in degrees of the deadrise as defined in Section 6 of the ISO
Standard. This is only applicable to Motor Craft.
The Maximum Speed is the maximum speed in knots at the loaded displacement.
The Pass Warning ratio is a ratio used to highlight an actual value in the Results Window if it is close
to the required value calculated by the ISO Standard. For more information see Pass Warning Ratio.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
42
Cold-Moulded Wood Veneers Dialog
Description:
The Cold-Moulded Veneers Dialog is used for adding Cold Moulded Veneers to the Materials Library
Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Cold-Moulded Veneers.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the veneer in millimetres.
The Wood Species specifies the type of wood used.
3
The Density specifies the Density of wood in kg/m . This can only be edited if a generic softwood or
hardwood is specified in the Wood Species.
The Final Ply Orientation specifies the direction of the final ply to the shorter panel side.
The Number of Plies specifies the number of plies. This is only entered for a Final Ply Orientation of
90 degrees to the short panel side.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
43
Core Dialog
Description:
The Core Dialog is used for adding a Core to the Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Core Material.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Core Type specifies the type of core material.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the core material in millimetres.
The Density specifies the density of the core material in kg/m3.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
44
GRP Laminate Dialog
Description:
The GRP Laminate Dialog is used for adding a GRP laminate to the Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and GRP Laminate.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Type of Glass Ply Reinforcement specifies the weave of the fabric.
The Direction specifies the direction of the laminate that the properties are to be calculated. This is
only applicable to a Unidirectional type of glass ply reinforcement.
The Mass of Mat / Total Mass of Glass in Laminate is the ratio of the mass of the chopped strand mat
glass fibre to the total mass of glass fibre in the laminate. This is only applicable to the Roving-mat
combination type of glass ply reinforcement.
The Evaluation Method options specifies if the Fibre Content by mass is calculated automatically
using the ISO Standard or if it is entered manually. This must match the evaluation level set in the
Boat Particulars defined in Annex C.
The Manufacture Method specifies the method that is used to manufacture the laminate. This is only
needed for the ISO GRP Type method.
The Glass Fibre Content by Mass specifies the mass of the fibre divided by the mass of the fibre plus
resin in the laminate. This can only be edited for the Measured Glass Content by Mass evaluation
method.
The Fibre Relative Density specifies the mass of the fibre in tonnes/m3 (specific gravity).
3
The Resin Density specifies the mass of the resin in tonnes/m (specific gravity).
The Mass of Fibre Reinforcement specifies the mass of the glass fibres in g/m2. There is a selection
of typical values available or the user may type a value into the edit box.
The Show Properties button activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties and
thickness calculated from the current settings in the dialog.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
45
GRP Multiple Laminate Dialog
Description:
The GRP Multiple Laminate Dialog is used for adding a GRP Multiple Laminate with GRP fibres of
multiple weaves to the Materials Library Window.
Multiple laminates can be add to a list and with the fibre content and densities of fibre and resin set
the properties can be calculated as per the ISO Standard. A unidirectional fibre may not be used in
the GRP Multiple Laminate.
For more information see Material Properties and GRP Multiple Laminate.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Name is specifies the main identifier used in the Materials Library Window and other dialogs and
results.
The Laminates list shows the individual GRP laminates that have been added to the list. The list is
also used for selecting an individual laminate for deleting and editing.
The Add button adds a laminate to the list. This activates the GRP Laminate dialog where the
necessary details of the individual laminate are entered. Fibre Density and Resin Density are not
entered in the GRP Laminate dialog as these are entered for the entire list of GRP Multiple
Laminates.
The Edit button edits the selected laminate in the list. This activates the GRP Laminate dialog where
the necessary details of the individual laminate can be edited.
The Delete button remoces the selected laminate in the list.
The Move Up button moves the currently selected laminate up in the list order.
The Move Down button moves the currently selected laminate down in the list order.
The Fibre Content by Mass specifies the mass of the fibre divided by the mass of the fibre plus resin
in the laminate. This cannot be edited as it is the sum of the mass of the individual laminates in the list
entered in the GRP Laminate dialog.
3
The Fibre Relative Density specifies the mass of the fibre in tonnes/m (specific gravity).
The Resin Density specifies the mass of the resin in tonnes/m3 (specific gravity).
The Show Properties button activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties and
thickness calculated from the current settings in the dialog.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
46
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener Dialog
Description:
The Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener Dialog is used for adding a Hybrid Material or Laminated stiffener to
the Stiffener Library Window.
For more information see Stiffener Definition and Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Name is specifies the main identifier used in the Stiffener Library Window and other dialogs and
results.
The Stiffener Type specifies the generic geometry type of the stiffener.
The Stiffener View shows a diagrammatic representation of the Stiffener Type with the definitions of
the input data.
The Crown Width - bc specifies the width of the crown of a top hat stiffener or the width of the flange
of an L or T shaped stiffener in millimetres.
The Base Width - bb specifies the width of the base of a top hat stiffener in millimetres.
The Height – h specifies the height of the web on the stiffener in millimetres. This is up to the crown or
top of an L or T shaped stiffener.
The Bond Width – wb specifies the width in millimetres of the web layers that are used as bonding
layers for a top hat shaped stiffener.
The Crown Layer(s) button activates the Laminate Window for editing the crown laminate. For more
information see Laminate Definition.
The Web & Bonding Layer(s) activates the Laminate Window for editing the crown laminate. For a
Top hat stiffener the web materials define one side of the web, that is the material is repeated on the
other side of the stiffener former. This is opposed to other stiffener types where the full web is defined.
For more information see Laminate Definition.
The Core Material specifies the material used in the former for the stiffener. The list shows all the
specified available materials in the Materials Library Window. This is only applicable to the Top Hat
type stiffener.
The Plating Type option specifies if the attached plating to the stiffener is a defined material in the
Materials Library Window or a defined Laminate in the Laminate Library Window.
The Plating Laminate/Material specifies the attached plating in the material in the Materials Library
Window if the Plating Type option is material or a defined laminate in the Laminate Library Window if
the Plating Type option is set as laminate.
The Use Default Material Thickness option sets the option to use the default thickness set for the
material or if the material thickness is specified in the Plating Thickness. This is only available if the
Plating Type option is set to material.
The Plating Thickness specifies the thickness of the material in millimetres. This is only available if the
Plating Type option is set to material and the Use Default Material Thickness option is not checked.
The Materials Library button opens the Materials Library Window for adding and editing materials.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
47
Material Dialog
Description:
The Material Dialog is used for adding a generic material to the Materials Library Window.
This window is used if the standard ISO materials listed below are not valid:
Aluminium Alloy
Aramid/Carbon Laminate
Cold-Moulded Veneers
Core Material
GRP Laminate
GRP Multiple Laminate
Mild Steel
Plywood
Strip Planking
Wood
For more information see Material Properties.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Name is specifies the main identifier used in the Materials Library Window and other dialogs and
results.
The Material Type specifies the generic material type.
The Fibre Type specifies the fibre material for a fibre reinforced laminated ply. This is only enabled if a
laminated ply material type is specified.
The Wood Type specifies the type of wood if the Material Type is wood. This is only enabled if a wood
material type is specified.
The Core Material Type specifies the type of core material. This is only enabled if a core material type
is specified.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the material in millimetres.
The following values may be entered for the material. Each of these values may be enabled or
disabled depending on the specified Material Type:
Strength:
Flexural/Yield Strength (N/mm2)
2
Tensile Strength (N/mm )
2
Compressive Strength (N/mm )
Shear Strength (N/mm2)
Modulus:
2
Inplane/Flexural/Elastic Modulus (N/mm )
2
Shear Modulus (N/mm )
The Density in the case of wood, metal or core or fibre content by mass in the case of a laminated ply
is used in calculating the weight estimate only and is not necessary for ISO 12215-5 calculations.
The Mass of Fibre Reinforcement specifies the mass of the FRP material fibres in g/m2. This is only
enabled if a laminate ply material type is specified. There is a selection of typical values available or
the user may type a value into the edit box.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
48
Panel Requirement Dialog
Description:
The Panel Requirement dialog is used for adding a panel requirement to the Panel Requirements
Window. The dialog is used to set the location and dimensions of a plating panel on the vessel. The
dialog is also used to specify which material or laminate is offered to the requirement. There are also
view options for displaying the panel in the Boat View Window.
For more information see Panel Plating Definition and Panel Requirement.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Label specifies the main identifier used in the Panel Requirements Window and other dialogs and
results.
General Page:
The Panel Location specifies the location of the panel on the vessel.
The Superstructure and Deckhouses Position of Panel sets the sub-position of the panel if the Panel
Location is set as Superstructures and Deckhouses.
The Short Edge of the Panel, b sets the length of the short edge of the panel in millimetres.
The Long Edge of the Panel, l sets the length of the long edge of the panel in millimetres.
The % Panel Area in Bottom Location specifies the percentage of the area of a side panel that
extends into the bottom area.
The Curvature Depth, c sets the curvature depth of the panel in millimetres
The Longitudinal Position From Aft End of LWL, x is the position of the panel longitudinally in metres.
The Height to Centre of Panel Above Baseline is the height in metres above the reference Baseline
Position Below Bottom of Canoe Body set in the Boat Particulars dialog. See figure below.
The Local Height of Deck Above Baseline sets the height of the deck in metres at the longitudinal
position of the Stiffener. For more information Baseline Position Below Loaded Waterline. See figure
below.
Canoe Body Draught
Height to centre of
panel above baseline
Baseline Position
(Positive Downwards)
Height of deck
above baseline
Baseline
The Transverse Position to Centre of Panel sets the horizontal position of the panel for viewing in the
Boat View Window. For more information see Transverse Position to Centre of Panel/Stiffener
(Viewing Only).
Offered Page:
The Plating Type specifies the generic type of material of the plating to define whether a material or
laminate is offered to the Panel Requirement. The Offered Material items will be enabled if Metal,
Laminated Wood or FRP Single Skin is selected, the Offered Laminate will be enabled if FRP
Sandwich or Complex Laminate is selected.
Offered Material:
49
The Material specifies the material type of the panel from the list of materials in the Materials Library
Window.
The Use Default Thickness option sets the option to use the default thickness set for the material.
The Panel Thickness specifies the thickness of the material in millimetres. This is only available if the
Plating Type option is set to material and the Use Default Material Thickness option is not checked.
Offered Laminate:
The Laminate in Panel b, Short Direction specifies the laminate type of the panel from the list of
laminates in the Laminate Library Window. This is for general analysis of isotropic panels and
specifies the laminate panel through the short direction of a panel for orthotropic panels.
The Laminate in Panel l, Long Direction specifies the laminate type of the panel from the list of
laminates in the Laminate Library Window. This is for analysis of orthotropic panels and specifies the
laminate panel through the long direction of a panel. If the outer and inner skins are similar in lay up,
in strength and elastic properties and the panel does not contain unidirectionals then the “[none]
isotropic, check in short direction only” item should be selected.
For more information see Orthotropic Panels.
The Reinforcement Type specifies the general reinforcement fibre type in the panel construction.
Viewing & Weight Page:
The options on the viewing and weight page change the way the panel is viewed in the Boat View
Window and how the panel weight and inertia is calculated in the weight estimate.
The Long Edge of the Panel option sets the orientation of the Long Edge of the panel.
The Panel Position option sets the position side of the panel and the number of panels in the weight
estimate.
The Include in Weight Estimate determines if the panel is to be included in the weight and inertia for
the overall boat weight estimate.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
50
Plywood Dialog
Description:
The Plywood Dialog is used for adding plywood material to the Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Plywood.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the plywood in millimetres.
The Number of Plies specifies the number of wood plies in the plywood.
The Density specifies the Density of wood in kg/m3.
The Orientation specifies the direction of the face grain to the shorter panel side.
The Off-Face Grain Angle specifies the angle (degrees) between the face grain and the direction for
which the properties are required
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
51
Repeat Table Headings Dialog
Description
The Repeat Table Headings dialog is used for formatting table lengths in the Results window.
Functionality
The Repeat Table Headings check box determines if the table headings are to be repeated at any
given interval.
The number of Rows edit determines the frequency at which table headings are repeated. This value
is the number of results rows in the table and does not include any of the repeated headers.
The Insert a Page Break check box specifies if a page break should be inserted into the results after a
table has been split and the headings have been repeated. This is particularly useful when copying
and pasting results into word-processing.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
52
Set Layer Dialog
Description:
The Set Layer dialog is used to add and edit a ply layer when editing a Laminate or Complex Stiffener
in the Laminate Window.
For more information see Laminate Definition and Stiffener Definition.
Functionality:
The Material specifies the material type of the ply from the list of materials in the Materials Library
Window.
The Thickness specifies the thickness of the material in millimetres. This is only available if the Use
Default Thickness option is not selected.
The Number of Layers specifies the number of layers of the specified material that are add to the
laminate.
The Use Default Thickness option sets the option to use the default thickness set for the material.
For a Complex Stiffener Ply:
The Width/Height option is the width or height of the ply in millimetres depending on the Web Part
option.
The Web Part specifies if the Ply is a horizontal part or a vertical part. If the web part option is
selected then the ply is vertical and the Width/Height option will set the Height of the ply.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
53
Stiffener Requirement Dialog
Description:
The Stiffener Requirement dialog is used for adding a stiffener requirement to the Stiffener
Requirements Window. The dialog is used to set the location and dimensions of an internal stiffener
on the vessel. The dialog is also used to specify which stiffener is offered to the requirement. There
are also view options for displaying the stiffener in the Boat View Window.
For more information see Stiffener Definition and Stiffener Requirement.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Label specifies the main identifier used in the Stiffener Requirements Window and other dialogs
and results.
General Page:
The Stiffener Location specifies the location of the Stiffener on the vessel.
The Superstructure and Deckhouses Position of Stiffener sets the sub-position of the Stiffener if the
Stiffener Location is set as Superstructures and Deckhouses.
The Spacing, s sets the stiffener spacing in metres.
The Length , l sets the length of the length of the Stiffener in metres.
The Curvature Depth, c sets the curvature depth of the Stiffener in millimetres.
The % Panel Area in Bottom Location specifies the percentage of the area of a side panel that
extends into the bottom area.
The Longitudinal Position From Aft End of LWL, x is the position of the Stiffener longitudinally in
metres.
The Height to Centre of Stiffener Above Baseline is the height in metres above the reference Baseline
Position Below Bottom of Canoe Body set in the Boat Particulars dialog. See figure below.
The Local Height of Deck Above Baseline sets the height of the deck in metres at the longitudinal
position of the Stiffener. For more information Baseline Position Below Bottom of Canoe Body. See
figure below.
Canoe Body Draught
Height to centre of
panel above baseline
Baseline Position
(Positive Downwards)
Height of deck
above baseline
Baseline
The Transverse Position to Centre of Stiffener sets the horizontal position of the Stiffener for viewing
in the Boat View Window. For more information see Transverse Position to Centre of
Stiffener/Stiffener (Viewing Only).
Offered Page:
The Stiffener set the offered stiffener from the list of stiffeners in the Stiffener Library Window.
The Stiffener Arrangement sets the attachment conditions of the actual offered stiffener.
54
Viewing & Weight Page:
The options on the viewing page change the way the Stiffener is viewed in the Boat View Window and
how the panel weight and inertia is calculated in the weight estimate.
The Length of the Stiffener option sets the orientation of the Length of the Stiffener.
The Stiffener Position option sets the position side of the stiffener and the number of stiffeners in the
weight estimate.
The Include in Weight Estimate determines if the panel is to be included in the weight and inertia for
the overall boat weight estimate.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
55
Stock Stiffener Dialog
Description:
The Stock Stiffener Dialog is used for adding a Stock type stiffener to the Stiffener Library Window.
For more information see Stiffener Definition and Stock Stiffener.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Name is specifies the main identifier used in the Stiffener Library Window and other dialogs and
results.
The Stiffener Type specifies the generic geometry type of the stiffener.
The Stiffener Material specifies the material used in the stiffener. The list shows all the specified
available materials in the Materials Library Window.
The Materials Library button opens the Materials Library Window for adding and editing materials.
The Stiffener View shows a diagrammatic representation of the Stiffener Type with the definitions of
the input data.
The Crown Width - bc specifies the width of the crown of a top hat stiffener or the width of the top of
an L or T shaped stiffener in millimetres.
The Base Width - bb specifies the width of the base of a top hat stiffener in millimetres.
The Flange Width – tf specifies the thickness of the flange in millimetres for T shaped stiffeners.
The Height – h specifies the height of the web on the stiffener in millimetres. This is up to the crown or
top of an L or T shaped stiffener in millimetres.
The Web Thickness by option specifies if the total web thickness is entered manually or if it calculated
from a laminate weight. This is only available for a Top Hat Stiffener Type.
The Web Thickness – tw specifies the thickness of the Web in mm. This is not available if the Web
Thickness by option is Calculated from Laminate Weight.
2
The Laminate Weight specifies the weight per unit area of the laminate in kg/m . This is only available
if the stiffener type is a Top Hat and the Web Thickness by option specifies this method.
The Plating Thickness specifies the thickness of the material in millimetres. This is only available if the
Plating Type option is set to material and the Use Default Material Thickness option is not checked.
The Section Modulus displays this value in cm3
The Inertia displays this value in cm
4
The Web Area displays this value in cm2
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
56
Strip Planking Dialog
Description:
The Strip Planking Dialog is used for adding wood strip planking material to the Materials Library
Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Strip Planking.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the strip planking in millimetres.
The Wood Species specifies the type of wood used.
3
The Density specifies the Density of wood in kg/m . This can only be edited if a generic softwood or
hardwood is specified in the Wood Species.
The Strength L/Strength S specifies the ratio of the strength of the panel in the long panel direction to
that in the short panel direction.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
57
Wood Dialog
Description:
The Wood Dialog is used for adding wood material to the Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and Wood.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the strip planking in millimetres.
The Wood Species specifies the type of wood used.
The Density specifies the Density of wood in kg/m3. This can only be edited if a generic softwood or
hardwood is specified in the Wood Species.
The direction specifies the direction of the properties required, parallel to the grain or perpendicular to
the grain.
The Perpendicular/Parallel Factors describe the ratio of the respective modulus or strength in the
perpendicular direction over the value in the parallel direction.
e.g. Modulus in perpendicular direction = Modulus factor x Modulus in parallel direction.
The Default Factors check box sets indicative default perpendicular/parallel factors depending on the
wood type, soft or hard wood.
Please note the following disclaimer: The perpendicular-to-grain values are for indicative
purposes only and are not taken from ISO-12215 as the standard provides no data. It is
strongly recommended that actual test values be used for design purposes. The Wolfson Unit
MITA accepts no liability for the use or accuracy of these values.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
58
Rudder Particulars Dialog
Rudder Module Only
Description:
The Rudder Particulars Dialog is used for setting a rudder requirement and specifying the offered
properties of the rudder. The dialog is used to set the geometry and dimensions of the rudder on the
vessel.
For more information see Rudder Definition.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
Rudder Geometry Page:
The rudder geometry page is used to enter the rudder geometry terms defined in the ISO Standard.
The required data in this page has definitions in the ISO Standard and the Standard should be
referenced with the appropriate nomenclature indicated by the value.
Rudder Geometry
The Rudder Height button moves to the Rudder Profile tab to set the rudder geometry.
The Kgap sets the root gap factor.
The Kflat sets the type of section of the rudder.
Calculated Geometry from Rudder Profile
The Rudder Height displays the value hr in metres calculated from the rudder profile.
2
The Total Area of the Moving Part of the Rudder displays the value A in metres calculated from the
rudder profile.
The Rudder Chord at Centre of Area Level displays the value c in metres calculated from the rudder
profile.
The Height Between Rudder Top and Centre of Area displays the value hc in metres calculated from
the rudder profile.
The Longitudinal Distance Leading Edge to Stock Axis at Centre of Area Level displays the value u in
metres calculated from the rudder profile.
Usage & Service
The Kuse sets the usage factor.
The KServ sets the service factor.
Bearing Geometry
The Height Between Rudder Top and Centre of Hull Bearing sets the value hb in metres.
The Height Between Centres of Hull (lower) and Upper Bearings sets the value hu in metres.
Rudder Profile Page:
The Rudder Profile page is used to describe the shape of the rudder in the profile view.
The rudder schematic shows a view of the entered data and also the bearing positions and centre of
area data entered on the Rudder Geometry page.
59
The Rudder Sections grid is used to enter and display rudder sectional information at vertical
positions on the rudder. This includes rudder leading edge forward of the stock centreline (LE Fwd),
trailing edge aft of the stock centreline (TE Aft) and relative Z position to the root of the rudder,
positive downwards (Rel. Z).
The Insert Section button inserts a section above the currently selected section in the Sections grid
unless the root section is selected and then it will be inserted below.
The Delete Section button deletes the currently selected section in the Sections grid but not the root
or tip sections.
The Edit Stock/Blade Laminate at Section button is used to define the stock shape and laminate for
complex stocks at the section. For more information see Rudder Stock Laminate Definition.
Offered Stock Details Page:
The Offered Stock Details Page is for setting a solid or tubular stock of a single material.
The Stock Type sets the form of the stock. If the calculations for a laminate stock is only necessary
then chose the Use Stock Section Laminate Only option.
The Solid Diameter is used for entering the d value in millimetres. This is enabled if the stock type is
set to Solid Stock.
The Outer Diameter is used to set the do value in millimetres for a tubular stock. This is enabled if the
stock type is set to Tubular Stock.
The Inner Diameter is used to set the di value in millimetres for a tubular stock. This is enabled if the
stock type is set to Tubular Stock.
The Offered Material is the material of the solid or tubular stock. The list shows all the specified
available materials in the Materials Library Window.
60
Rudder Stock Metal Dialog
Rudder Module Only
Description:
The Rudder Stock Metal Dialog is used for adding a metal appropriate to the rudder stock to the
Materials Library Window.
For more information see Material Properties and:
Stainless Steel
Mild Steel
Aluminium Alloy.
Titanium Alloy
Copper Alloy
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The Default Thickness specifies the thickness of the aluminium in millimetres.
The Metal Type drop down list selects the metal type as denoted by the ISO Standard. For further
information see Material Properties. The list includes all metal types with a header for the metal type
such as ** Mild Steel ** >> .The header is not a valid selection, for a valid metal select the appropriate
composition of that type below the list.
The Welded Properties check box selects the metal material properties for the welded state. This is
not available for Titanium or Copper.
The OK button closes the dialog and activates the Material dialog with the mechanical properties
already set according to the data entered.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
61
Stock/Fin Section Dialog
Rudder Module Only
Description:
The Stock/Fin Section Dialog is used for defining the shape and material of the stock at a particular
section height set on the Rudder Profile tab of the Rudder Particulars dialog.
The height, Z, position of the section being edited is displayed at the top of the dialog.
For more information see Rudder Definition.
Functionality:
Most definitions of terms, symbols, coefficients and parameters for entry into the dialog are available in the ISO
Standard and this should be referred to as the primary nomenclature.
The OK button closes the dialog and stores the changes or continues with the selected operation.
The Cancel button closes the dialog ignoring the changes or cancelling the selected operation.
The Stock Type sets the form of the stock for the particular section. The dialog will allow the following
options depending on the stock type selection.
Stock Definition
If a Solid or Tubular stock is selected the following input is required. This implies the stock is of the
offered material set in the Rudder Particulars dialog.
The Solid Diameter is used for entering the d value in millimetres. This is enabled if the stock type is
set to Solid Stock.
The Outer Diameter is used to set the do value in millimetres for a tubular stock. This is enabled if the
stock type is set to Tubular Stock.
The Inner Diameter is used to set the di value in millimetres for a tubular stock. This is enabled if the
stock type is set to Tubular Stock.
If a Laminated Stock is selected the following input is required. The stock shape is shown in the stock
schematic below the input fields.
The Stock Shape sets the geometrical shape of the stock at the particular section.
The Stock Thickness sets the T value in mm as per the stock schematic.
The Stock Length sets the L value in mm as per the stock schematic.
The Edit Stock Laminate at Section activates the Laminate Window to edit the laminate plys on the
stock at the particular section.
Rudder Blade Definition
The Include Rudder Blade at Section check box allows definition of the rudder blade at the section
and enables the following inputs.
The Blade Shape sets the geometrical shape of the rudder blade at the particular section. The blade
shape is shown in the blade schematic below the input fields.
The Blade Thickness sets the T value in mm as per the blade schematic.
The Blade Length sets the L value in mm as per the blade schematic.
The Edit Blade Laminate at Section activates the Laminate Window to edit the laminate plys on the
rudder blade at the particular section.
62
File Types and Formats
BST File. HullScant File
MLB File. Materials Library File
63
BST File. HullScant File
A BST File is the main file type for HullScant and stores all the entered boat data, materials, laminates,
stiffeners, stiffener requirements and panel requirements.
MLB File. Materials Library File
A MLB File is the file type for saving a materials library; say for later use with another boat. MLB files
are open in the Materials Library Window using the File, Open Materials Library menu item.
64
Glossary
This glossary is a list of terms that are used in the context of the program Hullscant and does not
describe those terms defined in the ISO 12215-5.3 Standard. For a further list of definitions refer to the
ISO Standard.
A
Aluminium Alloy
Aramid/Carbon Laminate
B
Baseline Position Below Fully Loaded Waterline
Boat Particulars
C
Cold-Moulded Veneers
Complex Stiffener
Copper Alloy
Core Material
D
Default Material
E
F
G
GRP Laminate
GRP Multiple Laminate
H
Hull Overall Depth to Deck
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener
I
J
K
L
Laminate
M
N
Mild Steel
O
P
Panel Requirement
Pass Warning Ratio
Plywood
Q
R
Radius of Gyration (longitudinal)
S
Stainless Steel
Stiffener Requirement
Stock Stiffener
Strip Planking
T
Titanium Alloy
Transverse Position to Centre of Panel/Stiffener (Viewing Only)
U
V
W
Wood
X
Y
Z
65
Aluminium Alloy
An Aluminium Alloy is an ISO Standard type of Aluminium set in the Aluminium dialog. The aluminium
alloy type is set to calculate the mechanical properites.
Refer to Annex F of Part 5 of the ISO Standard: Mechanical properties of metals
Rudder Module: Refer to Annex A of Part 8 of the ISO Standard: Metal for rudder stock
For more information see also Material Properties.
Aramid/Carbon Laminate
An Aramid/Carbon laminate is a laminate of Aramid OR Carbon with a single weave type set in the
Aramid/Carbon Laminate dialog. The type of fabric, direction, fibre content, fibre and resin density and
mass of fibre are entered to calculate the thickness and mechanical properties for an Aramid or Carbon
laminate.
Refer to Annex C of the ISO Standard: FRP Laminates properties and calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
Baseline Position Below Loaded Waterline
The Baseline Position Below Loaded Waterline is used to define a reference from where panel and
stiffener heights are measured for calculation of the side pressure in Section 8: Design Pressure of the
ISO Standard.
The convention in HullScant is that the Baseline position is positive downwards therefore if the user’s
measurement reference is below the waterline the value will be positive, as shown the following
diagram. If the user’s measurement reference is above the waterline the value will be negative.
Canoe Body Draught
Height to centre of
panel above baseline
Baseline Position
(Positive Downwards)
Height of deck
above baseline
Baseline
For example if the vertical measurement reference is the bottom of the canoe body then the Baseline
Position will be entered as the positive Canoe Body Draught. A value of zero will be at the waterline.
The Baseline Position is set in the Boat Particulars dialog activated by using the Edit, Boat Particulars
menu item in the Main HullScant Window.
Boat Particulars
The boat particulars are the data that is required to calculate to the design pressure in Section 8: Design
Pressure of the ISO Standard. The particulars entered are dependent on whether the vessel is a Motor
or a Sailing Craft.
The Hull Depth (Viewing Only) entered is also for viewing the boat in the Boat View Window and the
Pass Warning Ratio is used for presentation in the Results Window.
The Boat Partliculars are set in the Boat Particulars dialog activated by using the Edit, Boat Particulars
menu item in the Main HullScant Window.
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Cold-Moulded Veneers
A Cold-Moulded Veneers wood material is an ISO Standard type set in the Cold-Moulded Veneers
dialog. The thickness, wood species, ply orientation and number of plies are entered to calculate the
mechanical properties.
Refer to Annex E of the ISO Standard: Wood laminate properties and wood calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
Complex Stiffener
A complex stiffener is defined by a series of horizontal and vertical plies in the the Laminate Window. A
complex stiffener is used when a Stock Stiffener or Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener are not suitable methods
for defining the stiffener shape.
For more information see Stiffener Definition.
Copper Alloy
Rudder Module Only
A Copper Alloy is an ISO Standard type of copper set in the Rudder Stock Metal dialog. The copper
alloy type is set to calculate the mechanical properites.
Refer to Annex A of Part 8 of the ISO Standard: Metal for rudder stock
For more information see also Material Properties.
Core Material
A Core Material is a balsa, PVC or SAN material of ISO Standard type set in the Core dialog. The core
type and density are entered to calculate the mechanical properties.
Refer to Annex D of the ISO Standard: Section D.1 Sandwich Core material mechanical properties
For more information see also Material Properties.
Default Material
A default material can be defined for use as a general material that is prevalent in the boat hull structure.
This is defined in the Structure menu of the Main HullScant Window. This is the default material if none
has been offered to a panel or stiffener requirement.
For more information see also Material Properties.
GRP laminate
A GRP laminate is a glass reinforced plastic laminate of one particular weave. The GRP laminate is
defined in the GRP Laminate dialog where the fibre type, manufacture method and fibre content,
densities and mass of fibre and resin are entered to calculate the thickness and mechanical properties
for a GRP laminate.
If the laminate has more than one weave then a GRP Multiple Laminate should be used.
Refer to Annex C of the ISO Standard: FRP Laminates properties and calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
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GRP Multiple Laminate
A GRP Multiple laminate is a glass reinforced plastic laminate of more than one particular weave. A
number of GRP Laminates can be entered in the GRP Multiple Laminate dialog. with an overall fibre
content, and fibre and resin density. If the laminate is of only one weave then a GRP Laminate should
be used.
A GRP Multiple Laminate cannot include a ply with unidirectional fibres.
Refer to Annex C of the ISO Standard: FRP Laminates properties and calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
Hull Overall Depth to Deck
The Hull Overall Depth to Deck defines the height from the bottom of the canoe body to the top of the
hull or hull/deck limit.
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener
A hybrid/laminated stiffener is defined by a stiffener former, crown laminate and web laminate the
Hybrid/Laminated Stiffener dialog. A hybrid/laminated stiffener is used when a Stock Stiffener is not
suitable methods for defining the stiffener shape.
For more information see Stiffener Definition.
Laminate
A laminate can be built up from a library of materials in the Laminate Window. An individual ply or core
within the laminate schedule is selected from the materials set in the Materials Library Window.
An offered laminate mechanical properties are calculated using Annex H of the ISO Standard: Laminate
Stack Analysis.
For more information see Laminate Definition.
Mild Steel
Mild Steel is an ISO Standard type of Mild Steel.
Refer to Annex F of the ISO Standard: Mechanical properties of metals
Rudder Module: Refer to Annex A of the Part 8 of the ISO Standard: Metal for rudder stock
For more information see also Material Properties.
Panel Requirement
A panel requirement is necessary to review a boat’s plating to the ISO Standard. A panel requirement is
calculated using Section 8: Design pressure, Section 9: Dimensions of panels and stiffeners and
Section 10: Plating – Scantling Equations of the ISO Standard.
For more information see Panel Plating Definition.
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Pass Warning Ratio
The pass warning ratio refers to the ratio of a calculated value to the ISO Standard over the actual
offered value. When this ratio falls below the Pass Warning Ratio but is greater than 1 (i.e. still passes)
the Results form will highlight a panel or stiffener in the Pass Warning Ratio colour set in the Results
Window (default is yellow).
The Pass Warning Ratio is set in the Boat Particulars dialog activated by using the Edit, Boat Particulars
menu item in the Main HullScant Window.
Plywood
A Plywood material is an ISO Standard type set in the Plywood dialog. The thickness, number of plies,
density and direction are entered to calculate the mechanical properties.
Refer to Annex E of the ISO Standard: Wood laminate properties and wood calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
Radius of Gyration
The longitudinal radii of gyration is calculated by the square root of the [inertia divided by the mass]. For
some Ship Motions calculations this is necessary and is sometimes represented as a coefficient by
dividing this value by the overall length of the vessel. For most boats and ships this value is in the region
of 0.25 including the total lightship items (i.e. engine, fit out, etc.).
Stainless Steel
Rudder Module Only
A Stainless Steel is an ISO Standard type of Steel set in the Rudder Stock Metal dialog. The stainless
steel type is set to calculate the mechanical properites.
Refer to Annex A of Part 8 of the ISO Standard: Metal for rudder stock
For more information see also Material Properties.
Stiffener Requirement
A stiffener requirement is necessary to review a boat’s internal structure to the ISO Standard. A stiffener
requirement is calculated using Section 8: Design pressure, Section 9: Dimensions of panels and
stiffeners and Section 11: Stiffening members requirements of the ISO Standard.
For more information see Stiffener Definition.
Strip Planking
A Strip Planking wood material is an ISO Standard type set in the Strip Planking dialog. The thickness,
wood species, density and directional strength ratio are entered to calculate the mechanical properties.
Refer to Annex E of the ISO Standard: Wood laminate properties and wood calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
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Stock Stiffener
A Stock Stiffener is a solid metal, solid wood or single skin FRP stiffener of standard stock shape (i.e.
Flat bat, T, L or Top Hat) as described in Annex G of the ISO Standard: Geometric Properties of
Stiffeners.
For more information see Stiffener Definition.
Titanium Alloy
Rudder Module Only
A Titanium Alloy is an ISO Standard type of titanium set in the Rudder Stock Metal dialog. The titanium
alloy type is set to calculate the mechanical properites.
Refer to Annex A of Part 8 of the ISO Standard: Metal for rudder stock
For more information see also Material Properties.
Transverse Position to Centre of Panel/Stiffener (Viewing Only)
The Transverse position to Centre of Panel/Stiffener is used for only in the Boat View Window and
describes the horizontal position of a panel or stiffener. This value need not be exact as it only used for
representation of the expansion of the top views of the panels and stiffeners.
Transverse Position to
Centre of Panel/Stiffener
Transverse Position
to Centre of:
Stiffener
Panel
Wood
A Wood material is an ISO Standard type set in the Wood dialog. The thickness and wood species are
entered to calculate the mechanical properties.
Refer to Annex E of the ISO Standard: Wood laminate properties and wood calculations
For more information see also Material Properties.
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