The Muscles of
the Upper
Extremity
- A Visual Guide Anatomy & Physiology I
BIOL 121
Rob Swatski
Assistant Professor of Biology
HACC - York Campus
Frontalis
2
Draws back scalp,
wrinkles forehead,
raises eyebrows
Frontalis
3
Occipitalis
Draws back scalp,
wrinkles forehead
4
Auricularis
anterior
5
Moves
the ear
Orbicularis
oculi
6
Closes eyelids;
used in blinking,
winking, and
squinting
Orbicularis
oculi
7
Zygomaticus
major
8
Draws angles of
mouth upward
and outward;
major muscle
used in smiling
and laughing
Zygomaticus
major
9
Zygomaticus
major
10
Orbicularis
oris
11
Closes and
protrudes lips;
the "kissing
muscle“; used
in whistling
and forming
many letters
during speech
Orbicularis
oris
12
Risorius
13
Draws angles
of mouth
laterally; used
in grinning
Depressor
anguli oris
(Triangularis)
14
Draws angles
of mouth
downward and
laterally when
opening
mouth; used in
frowning
Depressor
anguli oris
(Triangularis)
15
Buccinator
16
Draws angles
of mouth
laterally;
compresses
cheek;
used to
create
sucking
action
Mentalis
17
Elevates and
protrudes
lower lip;
used in pouting
Platysma
Draws down lower lip and angles of
mouth; tenses skin of the neck;
helps depress mandible
18
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platysma.png
Masseter
19
Elevates
mandible
when chewing
and slightly
protracts it
Masseter
20
Temporalis
Elevates, retracts, and
assists in side-to-side
movement of mandible
21
Genioglossus
Protracts and
depresses tongue
22
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Genioglossus.png
Styloglossus
Retracts and
elevates tongue
23
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Styloglossus.png
Stylohyoid
Retracts and elevates
the hyoid bone
24
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculi_colli_stylohyoideus.svg
Sternocleidomastoid
Contraction of one side: laterally
flexes neck, rotates head to opposite
side
Contraction of both sides together:
flexes neck
25
Sternocleidomastoid
26
Semispinalis
capitis
Extends head and rotates
it to opposite side
27
Splenius
capitis
Extends and hyperextends
head; Contraction of only
one side laterally flexes
and rotates head and neck
28
Splenius
capitis
29
Trapezius
30
Elevates,
depresses,
retracts, and
rotates scapula;
rotates arm
Trapezius
31
Trapezius
32
Latissimus
dorsi
33
Extends, adducts,
and medially
rotates arm;
draws shoulder
downward and
backward
Latissimus dorsi
34
Pectoralis
major
35
Adducts and
medially rotates
arm; flexes and
extends humerus
Pectoralis major
36
Serratus
anterior
Abducts and
protracts scapula
37
Serratus anterior
38
Deltoid
Flexes, medially rotates,
and abducts arm
39
Coracobrachialis
Flexes and adducts humerus
40
Coracobrachialis
41
Supraspinatus
Abducts arm; stabilizes head of
humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the
"rotator cuff" muscles
42
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotates shoulder;
stabilizes head of humerus
in glenoid cavity; one of
the "rotator cuff" muscles
43
Teres minor
Laterally rotates arm; one of
the "rotator cuff" muscles
44
Teres major
Medially rotates
and adducts arm
45
Biceps brachii
Flexes and supinates forearm
46
Biceps brachii
47
Brachialis
Flexes elbow
48
Triceps brachii
Extends forearm
49
Triceps brachii
50
Anconeus
Extends forearm and stabilizes elbow joint
51
Anconeus
52
Brachioradialis
Flexes elbow
53
Pronator teres
Pronates forearm and
assists in flexing elbow
54
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexes wrist and abducts hand
55
Palmaris longus
Flexes wrist
56
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts wrist
57
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends wrist and abducts hand
58
Extensor digitorum
Extends fingers and wrist
59
External
intercostals
Elevates rib cage
60
Internal
intercostals
Draws ribs
together and
depresses rib cage
61
Pectoralis
minor
Elevates 3rd-5th
ribs during forced
inspiration
62
Diaphragm
63
Flattens on
contraction,
increasing
volume of
thorax during
inspiration
External oblique
Compresses abdomen;
laterally flexes and rotates
vertebral column
64
External oblique
65
Internal oblique
Compresses abdomen;
laterally flexes and rotates
vertebral column
66
Transversus
abdominis
Constricts abdomen and
supports abdominal viscera
67
Transversus
abdominis
68
Rectus abdominis
Compresses abdominal cavity
and flexes vertebral column
69
Quadratus
lumborum
70
Flexes lumbar
region of
vertebral
column laterally
to the same
side; stabilizes
and extends
lumbar
vertebrae
Quadratus lumborum
71
Spinalis group of
erector spinae
Extends vertebral column
72
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinalis.png
Longissimus group
of erector spinae
Extends and laterally flexes
vertebral column
73
Iliocostalis group of
erector spinae
Extends and laterally flexes
vertebral column
74
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Longissimus.png
Levator ani
Forms floor of pelvic
cavity; assists in
defecation
75
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levator_ani.png
I
N
D
E
X
Anconeus: 51-52
Auricularis anterior: 5
Biceps brachii: 46-47
Brachialis: 48
Brachioradialis: 53
Buccinator: 16
Coracobrachialis: 40-41
Deltoid: 39
Depressor anguli oris: 14-15
Diaphragm: 63
Extensor carpi radialis longus: 58
Extensor digitorum: 59
External intercostals: 60
External oblique: 64-65
Flexor carpi radialis: 55
Flexor carpi ulnaris: 57
Frontalis: 2-3
Genioglossus: 22
Iliocostalis group of erector spinae: 74
Infraspinatus: 43
Internal intercostals: 61
Internal oblique: 66
Latissimus dorsi: 33-34
Levator ani: 75
Longissimus group of erector spinae: 73
Masseter: 19-20
Mentalis: 17
Occipitalis: 4
Orbicularis oculi: 6-7
Orbicularis oris: 11-12
Palmaris longus: 56
Pectoralis major: 35-36
Pectoralis minor: 62
Platysma: 18
Pronator teres: 54
Quadratus lumborum: 70-71
Rectus abdominis: 69
Risorius: 13
Semispinalis capitis: 27
Serratus anterior: 37-38
Spinalis group of erector spinae: 72
Splenius capitis: 28-29
Sternocleidomastoid: 25-26
Styloglossus: 23
Stylohyoid: 24
Supraspinatus: 42
Temporalis: 21
Teres major: 45
Teres minor: 44
Transversus abdominis: 67-68
Trapezius: 30-32
Triceps brachii: 49-50
Zygomaticus major: 8-10
Credits
All photographs and labels by Rob Swatski, 2009-2010
Visit my website for more Anatomy study resources!
http://robswatskibiology.wetpaint.com
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rswatski
Comments? Feedback? Please email me at rjswatsk@hacc.edu
This work bears an Attribution-Noncommercial Share Alike
Creative Commons license.
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