GRAMMAR | CONDITIONALS
GRAMMAR FOCUS
Risk Conditionals
ALL CONDITIONALS
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Present tense + present tense
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Present tense + future tense
SECOND CONDITIONAL Past tense + would / wouldn't + base form
THIRD CONDITIONAL
GRAMMAR
Past Perfect tense + would / wouldn't have + past participle
First Conditional
FIRST CONDITIONAL: IF + PRESENT + WILL / WON'T OR CAN, COULD, SHOULD, ETC.
1. If I miss the last bus, I'll take a taxi.
If you tell her the truth, she won't believe you.
What will you do if he doesn't call you?
2. If you don't go, she won't be very happy.
She won't be able to be very happy if you don't go.
3. If you miss the last bus, take a taxi.
If you miss the last bus, you can take a taxi.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
First Conditional
PRACTICE Complete with correct forms of the verbs.
If we start walking, the bus will come. (start, come)
1. If you ______ me your secret, I ______ anybody else. (tell, not tell)
2. If I ______ it down, I ______ it. (not write, remember)
3. ______ you ______ me if you ______ any news? (call, get)
4. She ______ you if you ______ her nicely. (help, ask)
5. I ______ you if I ______ from Alex. (call, hear)
6. You ______ your friends if you ______ to Paris. (miss, move)
7. If you ______ carefully, you ______ everything. (listen, understand)
8. The boss ______ very happy if you ______ late for work. (not be, be)
9. I ______ you home if you ______ me directions. (drive, give)
Murphy's Law says: "If there is something that can go wrong, it will go wrong."
Murphy's law took its name from Captain Edward Murphy, an American aerospace engineer from
the 1940s. He was trying to improve safety for pilots flying military planes. Not surprinsingly, he
got a reputation for always thinking of the worst thing that could happen in every situation.
Match the sentences to form complete examples of Murphy's Law.
1. If you get to the airport early,
AIR TRAVEL
2. If you want to sleep on the plane,
4. If you are in a hurry, the person in front of you,
SHOPPING
5. If you take something that doesn't work back to a store,
7. If you're late for something important,
DRIVING
8. If you park a long way from a restaurant,
9. If you are single and you meet somebody at a party who you really like,
SOCIAL LIFE
10. If you wear a new white shirt or dress,
SPEAKING Complete these Murphy's Laws:
>> If you find something in a store that you really like,...
>> If you stop waiting for a bus and start walking,...
>> If you change line in a supermarket,...
>> If you leave your cell phone at home,...
>> If you lose a glove and buy a new pair,...
>> If you forget your umbrella,...
https://esldiscussions.com/grammar/first-conditional.html
PRACTICE 4
Questions
Complete the questions. Then answer them.
1. What _______ (you/do) if it _______(rain) this weekend?
2. What _______ (you/eat) if you _______ (have) only five minutes for breakfast tomorrow?
3. Which place _______(you/visit) when you _______ (have) your next vacation?
4. What _______ (you/do) if you _______ (be) late for your next English lesson?
5. How _______ (you/feel) if you _______(meet) someone interesting tomorrow?
6. What _______ (you/do) if your teacher _______ (be) late?
7. What _______ (happen) if you _______ (walk) under a ladder?
8. What _______ (buy) when you _______ (go) shopping next time?
SPEAKING
Conditionals
ZERO CONDITIONAL (PRESENT TENSE + PRESENT TENSE)
WHAT DO YOU (USUALLY) DO IF...
>> You miss your family and friends
>> You get bored
>> You can't stand the heat
>> Your neighbors annoy you
>> You have a terrible headache
>> Someone phones you during the English class
_________________________________________________________
FIRST CONDITIONAL (PRESENT TENSE + FUTURE TENSE)
WHAT WILL YOU DO IF...
>> You want to move back to your home country
>> You have problems with the English language
>> You feel lonely and depressed
>> You run out of money
>> Split up with your partner
>> Rains at the weekend
>> A friend invites you to the cinema tonight
>> Your purse or wallet get stolen on the street
If it doesn't rain for a very long time,
If you put an egg in the microwave oven,
If you pull a dog's tail and hurt it,
If your car breaks down,
If you add lemon juice to the salad,
If you go to the north pole,
If you mix yellow and green,
If people see an accident, they...
Most people feel scared, if they...
GRAMMAR
Second Conditional
SECOND CONDITIONAL: IF + PAST, WOULD/WOULDN'T
If a bull attacked me, I would run away.
1
I would run away if a bull attacked me.
If I had more time, I'd do more exercise.
2
I'd more exercise if I had the time.
If they knew the truth, they wouldn't help us.
3
They wouldn't help us if they knew the truth.
If I didn't have to work tomorrow, I'd help you.
4
I'd help you if I didn't have to work tomorrow.
If you didn't go to bed so late, you wouldn't be so tired in the morning.
5
You wouldn't be so tired in the morning if you didn't go to bed so late.
Would you take the manager's job if they offered it to you?
6
If they offered you the manager's job, would you take it?
If we went by car, we could stop at places on the way.
7
We could stop at places on the way if we went by car.
* Verb BE in second conditionals: WAS / WERE
- With the verb "be" you can use were (instead of was) after: I, he, she, it. (Formal writing)
Ex.: If Jack was/were here, he'd know what to do.
- Use were (not was) in the expression: If I were you... (unreal conditional)
Ex.: If I were you, I wouldn't take that job. | If I were taller, I'd play basketball.
UNREAL CONDITIONALS
SECOND CONDITIONAL Past tense + would / wouldn't + base form
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Past Perfect tense + would / wouldn't have + past participle
SECOND CONDITIONAL
>> Hypothetical or imaginary situation in the present or future ans its consequences
>> In the "if-clause" you can also use past continuous;
>> In the "would" clause you can use could or might as well.
>> Verb "be': was or were for: I, he, she in the "if-clause"; (If Dan was/were here...)
>> Conditionals beginning with "If I were you..." to give advice: always use "were"
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Second Conditional
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html
SPEAKING QUESTIONS
What would you do if you had more free time?
Where ywould you live if you could live anywhere?
What would you do if you could turn invisible?
If you could meet anyone alive or dead, who would you like to meet?
If you could change any law, what would you change?
If you had to change jobs, what would you do instead?
If there were a pill that enabled you to live to 1000, would you take it?
How would you feel if the interent stopped working?
https://www.elllo.org/english/course/L5-05-Second-Conditional.htm
https://www.elllo.org/english/grammar/L5-05-Second-Conditional.htm
EXTRA
Second Conditional
MOVIE EXCERPTS - TIME TRAVEL (SECOND CONDITIONAL)
http://moviestowatchwatchmovie.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-time-traveler-wife-2nd-conditional.html
E.G + I.E - HOW TO USE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pF6eT2vz-w
GRAMMAR
Third Conditional
THIRD CONDITIONAL: IF + PAST, WOULD/WOULDN'T
UNREAL CONDITIONALS
SECOND CONDITIONAL Past tense + would / wouldn't + base form
THIRD CONDITIONAL
Past Perfect tense + would / wouldn't have + past participle
THIRD CONDITIONAL
>> Hypothetical past situations and its consequences
>> In the "if-clause" you can also use past perfect continuous
>> In the "would-clause" you can also use could have or might have
We wouldn’t have been late if we had left the house earlier.
If I hadn’t forgotten my phone, I would have called you.
If you hadn’t pressed the button, nothing would have happened.
Finish the sentences so that they are true for you.
>> I wouldn’t have met my best friend(s) if…
>> I wouldn’t have started learning English if…
>> If the weather had been different yesterday…
>> I would have become famous if…
>> If my childhood house had been bigger…
>> I would have lived in a different country if…
Discuss the possible past consequences of the hypothetical situations below. Use Third
Conditional. Explain your ideas.
• Dinosaurs didn’t die out.
• J.K. Rowling didn’t write the Harry Potter books.
• World War II didn’t happen.
• You were born in the 19th century.
• Hollywood films weren’t successful so they stopped making them.
• People didn’t go to the moon.
• People didn’t invent writing.
• Nobody realised that cigarettes are unhealthy.