BIO 2110 Class Work
NAME (Please Print)
Chapters 18 & 19
1. A popula8on gene8cist is studying a specific locus in the human genome. She no8ces that this locus
demonstrates 25 alleles, has a high muta8on rate, and contains a variable (repeated) number of the
sequence GC. This researcher is most likely studying a
A. microsatellite.
B. common SNP.
C. rare SNP.
D. haplotype.
2. You are studying a sample of 10 mice with the following genotypes: four mice are D/D, two mice are
D/d, and four mice are d/d. In this scenario, what is the frequency of the d allele?
A. 1.0
B. 0.8
C. 0.5
D. 0.2
3. The Hardy–Weinberg principle tells us that
A. if, in a given popula8on, p + q = 1, then the popula8on is in equilibrium (and is not evolving).
B. in any large popula8on, the frequency of genotypically A/A individuals is equal to the square
root of the frequency of the A allele.
C. in a randomly ma8ng popula8on―in the absence of muta8ons, selec8on, migra8on, and gene8c
dri[―genotypic frequencies can be predicted from allelic frequencies.
D. the allele frequency of a recessive allele (a) is always equal to the frequency of a dominant allele
(A).
4. A popula8on is reproduc8vely isolated. Which of the following is primarily responsible for the
introduc8on of new alleles into this popula8on?
A. muta8ons in the germ line
B. non-random ma8ng
C. inbreeding
D. muta8ons in soma8c cells
5. A haplotype in a given chromosomal region will be passed on intact to progeny unless
A. crossing over occurs.
B. independent assortment occurs.
C. X chromosome inac8va8on occurs.
D. none of the above
6. Which of the following is primarily responsible for the frequency at which an allele is present in a
popula8on?
A. the DNA sequences surrounding the allele
B. germline muta8ons
C. natural selec8on
D. the star8ng frequency of the allele
7. A researcher is studying a deleterious allele in a popula8on. Over several genera8ons, she no8ces
that this allele is effec8vely removed from the popula8on by direc8onal selec8on. This is an example
of
A. posi8ve selec8on
B. purifying selec8on
C. ar8ficial selec8on
D. balancing selec8on
BIO 2110 Class Work
8. Two students are studying different traits in rose bushes. In the plants they are studying, flowers can
be either red or white in color. This is an example of a __________ trait. These rose bushes also
demonstrate a discrete number of leaves, which ranges between 25 and 50. This is an example of a
___________ trait.
A. con8nuous; threshold
B. meris8c; threshold
9. A character that varies con8nuously among individuals in a popula8on
A. is not governed by segrega8on of alleles during meiosis.
B. is en8rely governed by environment.
C. cannot be measured quan8ta8vely.
D. is likely influenced by several gene8c loci and possibly environment.
E. would not demonstrate complex inheritance.
10. Varia8on in character from individual to individual will always have a gene8c component;
environment never plays a role in this varia8on.
A. true
B. false
11. To say that a trait exhibits “high heritability” is to say that
A. there is no difference in phenotype between two individuals with the same genotype.
B. there is no difference in genotype between members of the same popula8on.
C. in a given environment and popula8on, gene8c differences have a high degree of influence on
the trait (compared to environment).
D. a given set of genes has no influence on a trait.
E. none of these
12. To determine if a human trait is heritable, we would best study
A. monozygo8c (iden8cal) twins that have been raised under similar condi8ons.
B. monozygo8c (iden8cal) twins that were raised separately, in different environments.
C. dizygo8c (fraternal) twins raised in the same environment.
D. dizygo8c (fraternal) twins raised in different environments.
E. only distantly related individuals (e.g., second cousins).
13. The study of quan8ta8ve trait loci (QTL) relies primarily on the ability to
A. describe con8nuously varying characters mathema8cally, using values like the mean and
variance.
B. follow individual loci and record their effects on a single phenotype, and then add the effects of
each of these loci together.
C. remove environmental influence from the characteris8c being studied.
D. remove incomplete penetrance from the characteris8c being studied.
E. none of these
14. For mapping QTL, which of the following can be used as “markers” to locate variant loci that
contribute to a trait?
A. SNPs
B. microsatellites
C. tandem repeats
D. all of these