Summary Taxonomy 2
Plant classification is the grouping of plants by their similar characteristics
Three methods are used to determine the classification level
✓ Plant body
✓ Vascular system
✓ Seed development
Plants are classified into three main divisions
✓ Bryophyta
✓ Pteridophyta
✓ spermatophyta
Characteristics features of kingdom plantea
✓ They are multicellular living organism made up of eukaryotic cells
✓ They are autotrophic and produce food by photosynthesis
✓ They reproduce both sexually others asexually
1: Bryophyta (Bryon= moss , phyton = plants )
Bryophyta are non- vacular Plants that grow on land as well as in water
The gamethophyte and sporophyte are two physically distinct parts
generations of bryophyte
Common example of Bryophyte are mosses , liverworts , hornworts
2 : Pteridophyta are Vascular Plants lacking flowers and
seeds
Ferns are good examples
Leaves are fronds with a vacular system has adventitious root
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Life cycle of fern
➢ Ferns show alternation of generation but the sporophyte is
the dominant generation
3: spermatophyta are Vascular Plants components roots ,
steams leaves and seed bearing
They are two primary subdivision in the spermatophyta divion
Gymnosperms naked seeds
Angiosperms encloses seeds
Two classes of angiosperms are monocotyledon and
Dicotyledon
Monocot
Dicot
One cotyledon in the seed Two cotyledon in the seed
Vascular tissue are
Vascular tissue are
Scattered
arranged
Flower plants are three
Flower plants are four
Soft stem
Strong stem
Have parallel venation
Have network venation
Have fibrous root system Have tap root system
Examples of monocot are grass , wheat , banana , maize
Examples of dicot are :
herbs such as beans and cabbage
Shrubs such as coffee and tea
Trees such as mango , avocado
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➢ the gamethophyte generation is haploid and produce
gamets by the type of cell division called mitosis
➢ The sporophyte generation is dibloid and produces spores
by the type of cell division called meiosis .
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Kingdom Animalia
❖ Classification of animals helps in assigning a systematic position to
newly described species.
General characteristics of animals
✓ Animals are eukaryotic organisms
✓ They are multicellular organisms
✓ and heterotphic organisms obtain ready food
Classification of Animals
Phylum classes
Common classes of phylum Platyhelminthes
Class planarian
Class trematoda
Class cestoda
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Common classes of phylum Coelenterates
Class Hydrozoa
Class Scyphozoan
Class Anthozoa
Common classes of phylum mollusca
Class Gastropod
Class cephalopoda
Common classes of phylum arthropoda
Class Crustacean
Class Arachnida
Class chilopoda
Class Diplopoda
Class insect
Common classes of vertebrates ( Animals with back born)
Class Pisces (fish)
Class Aves (birds)
Class amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Mammalia
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➢ The diseases elelaphantiasis is also known as lymphatic
Filariasis
➢ It caused by parasitic worms called Filarial worms that are spread by
Mosquito
➢ Common symptoms of elelaphantiasis include swelling of Legs
and breasts
❖ Prevention of methods
✓ Using Mosquito Nets
✓ Using insect repellents
✓ Use methods preventing Mosquito bite
✓ Metamorphosis is a biological process in which immature form of animals
physically develops after birth or hatching in different stages
✓ Molting is the process of shedding body parts periodically such as hair and
skin
✓ Helminthology is study of Worms
✓ Entomology is study of Insects
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➢ There are two types of Metamorphosis complete and incomplete
Three phylum of Worms
✓ Annelida ( segmented worm)
✓ Nematoda (Round Worms)
✓ Platyhelminthes (flat Worms)
Common Examples of phylum
Phylum Name
Examples
Porifera
Sponges
Coelenterata ( Cnidaria)
Jelly fish , Corals
Platyhelminthes (flat Worms)
Tapeworm , Flukes
Nematoda (round worms)
Ascaris , hookworm , Filarial worms
Annelida ( segmented worms)
Leeches, earthworms
Mollusca ( soft)
Octopus , Snall
Echinodermata ( spiny skin)
Starfish , sea cucumber
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➢ Common Examples of Classes
Class Name
Examples
Crustacean
Crab , shrimp , crayfish
Arachnida
Spiders , Ticks , mites , scorpion
Diplopoda
Millipede
Chilopoda
Centipede
Insect
Locusts , bees , Ants , Mosquito
➢ Common Examples and features of Class vertebrates
Name Class
Characteristics
Examples
Amphibia
Dry
skin with scales
Frog , salamandar
Reptilia
Dry skin
Snake , crocodile
Aves ( birds)
Feathers
Duck , pigeon,
ostrich
Mammalia
Skin with far
Human , lion , Bat
Pisces ( fish)
A dull have Fins
and Gills
Shark , coodfish
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➢ Fish is divided into to sub Classes with are cartilaginous fish and
Bony fish
✓ Bony fish their skeleton is made up of bones
✓ Examples : Eel and Codfish
Cartilaginous fish their skeleton is made up of cartilage
Examples : shark , dog fish
✓ Fish in a dull have fins and Gills
Three groups of Mammalia are :
✓ Egg laying mammals
✓ Pouched mammals
✓ Placental mammals
Different types of mammals
✓ Primates mammals : like Human
✓ Flying mammals : like Bat
✓ Viviparous mammals : like Human
✓ Hoofed Mammals : like horse , Goat
Role of hormones in Metamorphosis
✓ Molting stimulating hormone (MSH)
✓ Juvenile hormone
✓ Molting hormone ( Ecdysone)
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