Advanced Ecotoxicology
LV 701-1312-00L, FS 2020
✦ 14 units of 2 hours
Tuesdays, 8.15-10:00 AM, location: LFW C5
✦ exercises integrated in the units
✦ homework: “your personal chemical”
& reading of scientific articles
✦ Session exam: 30 min oral exam
(this is a combined exam, covering ~15 min
fate/bioavailability and ~15 min effects)
2
Lecturers
Dr. Elisabeth Janssen (Units 1-3)
(elisabeth.janssen@eawag.ch)
Prof. Dr. Kristin Schirmer (Units 4-6)
(kristin.schirmer@eawag.ch)
Dr. Ahmed Tlili (Unit 7-8)
(ahmed.tlili@eawag.ch)
Prof. Dr. Rik Eggen (Units 9-10)
(rik.eggen@eawag.ch)
Dr. Marc Suter (Units 11-12)
(marc.suter@eawag.ch)
3
Goals
✦ Understand the key processes involved in the
bioavailability of (mainly) organic contaminants
✦ Overview on and understanding of mechanisms of toxicity
✦ Linking structures and characteristics of compounds with
effects
✦ Processes in hazard assessment and risk assessment
✦ Get insight in integrative approaches in ecotoxicology
4
Course Material
Posted on Moodle:
➨ Lecture material (presentations)
➨ Selected research articles, homework material etc.
Prerequisites/ Repetition
➨ Bachelor course „Grundlagen der Ökotoxikologie“
(«Basics of Ecotoxicology»)
➨ Bachelor course: „Umweltchemie“ («Environmental Chemistry»)
Books / Chapters
➨ Environmental Organic Chemistry, Chapters 9 and 10
(R.P. Schwarzenbach, P.M. Gschwend, D.M. Imboden)
➨ Introduction to Environmental Toxicology – Molecular Substructures to
Ecological Landscapes (Landis, Sofield, Yu, 4th ed. 2011)
➨ Principles of Ecotoxicology (Walker et al., 3rd ed. 2006)
5
Time Schedule FS 2020
Date
Topic
Lecturer
1
18.02
Introduction & Environmental Partitioning
E. Janssen
2
25.02
Partitioning to Biological Phases
E. Janssen
3
03.03
Toxicokinetics (I): Biodynamics
E. Janssen
4
10.03
Toxicokinetics (II): Mechanisms
K. Schirmer
5
17.03
Toxicodynamics (I)
K. Schirmer
6
24.03
Toxicodynamics (II)
K. Schirmer
7
31.03
Ecotoxicology from cells to ecosystems (Part I)
A. Tlili
8
07.04
Ecotoxicology from cells to ecosystems (Part II)
Metal Toxicology
A. Tlili
Holiday
14.04
------ NO CLASS -----
9
21.04
Mixtures and multiple stressors
R. Eggen
10
28.04
Dynamic exposures, time and dose, risk assessment
R. Eggen
11
05.05
Chemical Analysis
M. Suter
12
12.05
Biological Analysis
M. Suter
13
19.05
Showcasing applied projects
all
14
26.05
Gamitoxification
all
6
Time Schedule
Unit
Topics – Elisabeth Janssen
1
Introduction & Environmental Partitioning (Review)
✦ Physico-chemical properties
✦ Partitioning processes in environmental matrices
Partitioning to Biological Phases
✦ Biological phases & partitioning to biota
✦ LFER use and limitations
Toxicokinetics (I): Biodynamics
✦ Bioaccumulation and elimination
✦ Chemical and biological specificity
2
3
7
Unit 1-3: Partitioning & Toxicokinetics
Pollutants
Environment
bioavailability
Organisms
air
emission
surface water
sediment
soil
What a cell/organism
does to a chemical
groundwater
8
Your personal chemical
Your Chemical
§
§
§
What is it used for?
Where is it used?
General information
air
BCF =
C(organism)
C(water)
water
Who is at risk?
soil
à references
Find Literature
data!
O
Cl
H
N
Cl
9
OH
Time Schedule (continued)
Unit
Topics – Kristin Schirmer
4
Toxicokinetics (II): Mechanisms
✦ Uptake mechanisms
✦ Biotransformation and elimination mechanisms
5
Toxicodynamics (I)
✦ Effect parameters & Ecotox data base
✦ Role of internal concentrations
✦ Modes of toxic action
✦Molecular targets (general)
Toxicodynamics (II)
✦ Molecular targets (your chemical)
✦ Consequences for organism/population function
6
10
Unit 4-6: Toxicodynamics & Molecular Mechanisms
s to
e
o
d
ism
a
What a chem
ical does to
a
cell/organism
role of…
enzymes
transporters
Access
ECOTOX
Database
channels
modes of toxic action
gan
r
o
/
l
l
a ce hemical
t
a
h
W
c
11
Time Schedule (continued)
Unit
Topics – Ahmed Tlili and Rik Eggen
7
Ecotoxicology from Cells to Ecosystems (Part I)
✦ Adaption and selection
✦ Multiple Species concepts
8
Ecotoxicology from Cells to Ecosystems (Part II)
Metal Toxicology
Exposure and effects
Mixtures & Multiple Stressors
✦ Mixtures of chemicals and various organisms
✦ Target / non-target
9
10
Dynamic exposures, time and dose, risk assessment
12
Unit 7-8: Ecotoxicology from cells to ecosystems
& metal toxicology
Ecotoxicology from cells to ecosystem
Metal availability is influenced by water
chemistry
13
Unit 9-10: Mixtures & Multiple stressors,
from Organism to Ecosystem
Mixture effects
Multiple stressor effects
Estradiol-equivalent (calculated)
RPi =
E Cref
E Ci
RPi = relative potency of compound i
(or environmental sample), ECref is the
EC50 for estradiol E2
E2-EQ = ∑ C i ⋅ R Pi E2-EQ = estradiolequivalent
i
Repeated pulse effects
Pulse 2
100 nmol/L
Pulse 1
100 nmol/L
14
Unit 11+12: Biological & Chemical Analysis
Bioanalytics
Effect
and
effect concentration
C12H3O2Cl5
Pollutant
and
concentration
355.8542
100
Relative Abundance
complements Chemical analysis
100
80
357.8513
effect
353.8571
60
40
20
50
0
1e-6
1e-5
1e-4
1e-3
1e-2
nominal concentration EE2 [µM]
0
354
356
358
360 362
m/z
364
366
368
Targeted vs global analytics, -omics approaches, biomarkers,
in vitro vs in vivo, bioassay-directed identification
15
Time Schedule (continued)
Unit
11
12
Topics
Biological analysis
✦ Molecular – cell – organism - ecosystem
✦ -omics approaches
Chemical analysis
✦ Effect driven analysis (EDA)
✦ Analysis of unknowns
16
Time Schedule (continued)
Unit
13
14
Topics
Showcasing applied projects
✦ guest present examples outside of academia
Gamitoxification
✦ re-capping lecture content for the exam
17