STUDY GUIDE – GENETICS
1. The following diagram represents ___MITOSIS__________
2. The following diagram represents _MEIOSIS____________
3. The Cell Cycle includes __Interphase_______, ___Mitosis________, and ___Cytokinesis_______
4. Label each of the following as either Mitosis OR Meiosis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Two Divisions
Four Divisions
Occurs in all organisms
Occurs in fungi, plants, and animals
Produced cells are genetically different
Produced cells are genetically the same
Produces 4 cells
Produces 2 cells
Used for sexual reproduction
Used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
__Mitosis______________
___________Meiosis_____
__Mitosis______________
___________Meiosis_____
___________Meiosis_____
__Mitosis______________
___________Meiosis_____
__Mitosis______________
___________Meiosis_____
__Mitosis______________
5. During Interphase, the cell ___Functions and operates as a cell_____________________
6. During Mitosis, the cell ____Replicates the nucleus and genetic material____________
7. During Cytokinesis, the cell ___Splits into two cells_____________________________
8. Identify each of the following phases of mitosis
____Interphase______________
______Prophase______________
______Anaphase_____________
________Metaphase__________
________Telophase________
9. The uncontrolled growth of cells is called ___Cancer________________________
10. The two types of tumor are __Benign__________________ and ____Malignant___________
11. List the five ways that cancer cells differ from normal cells
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
___Shorter Interphase___________________
___Uncontrolled Mitosis___________________
___Grow faster___________________
___Break away and travel throughout body___________________
___Different physical structure___________________
12. Explain why normal cells cannot survive if they grow too large
The surface area to volume ratio is too small and they can’t get material into and out of the cell
fast enough
13. Match the following terms to their definitions or examples
a. Alternative version of a gene
b. Genetic make-up of an organism
c. Passing traits from generation to next
d. Physical features
e. RR or Rr
f. rr
g. RR or rr
h. Rr
i. Variation of a characteristic
__Allele________
__Genotype_____
__Heredity______
__Phenotype_____
__Dominant_____
__Recessive_____
__Homozygous__
__Heterozygous__
__Trait_________
14. Match the following scientists to their contributions
a. Credited with structure of DNA
__Watson Crick_
b. Discovered DNA carries genetic code
__Avery_______
c. Father of Heredity
__Mendel______
d. # Guanine = # Cytosine, # Adenine = # thymine __Chargoff_____
e. X-rays of DNA, died
__Franklin_____
15. DNA can be found in which three organelles
a. __Nucleus_______________
b. __Mitochondria_______________
c. __Chloroplast_______________
16. The shape of DNA is best described as ___Double Helix_______________________
17. What are the sides of the DNA molecule made of? Deoxyribose Sugar
18. What three parts make up a single DNA nucleotide?
a. ___Deoxyribose Sugar______________
b. ___Phosphate______________
c. ___Nitrogenous Bases______________
19. What are the four bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
a.
b.
c.
d.
_Adenine___________________
_Thymine___________________
_Guanine___________________
_Cytosine___________________
20. What sugar is found in DNA? Deoxyribose
WORD BANK









Allele
Dominant
Genotype
Heredity
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Phenotype
Recessive
Trait
WORD BANK





Avery et al
Chargoff
Mendel
Rosaline Franklin
Watson and Crick
21. How do the DNA bases bond together?
A-T
G-C
22. Complete the following Punnett Squares.
a. Sweet sweet potatoes are dominant and sour sweet potatoes are recessive. Cross a
homozygous dominant sweet potato with a heterozygous sweet potato. Show the cross
and Punnett square and give phenotype and genotype ratios of all potato types.
S
s
50% Ss
50% SS
S
SS
Ss
S
SS
Ss
100% Sweet
b. Turkeys roosting in trees is dominant to turkeys roosting on the ground. A homozygous
recessive turkey and a heterozygous turkey have a very large brood. Out of 100 turkeys
how many would you expect to find roosting in the trees?
t
t
50% roost in trees
T
Tt
Tt
50 turkeys roost in trees
50% SS
t
tt
tt
100% Sweet
c. You own a package of heterozygous orange pumpkin seeds. You really want white
(recessive) pumpkins. Use genetics to explain how you can produce a crop of white
pumpkins.
All of the heterozygous pumpkins will be orange.
However if you cross them you will get 1 in 4 white. So
cross them. Then cross two white pumpkins and all of
your pumpkins will be white