MGMT 38200-002: Management Information Systems
Exam 3 Study Guide
Spring 2025
E-Commerce
• E-Commerce Basics
– Definitions
– B2B Business Model
∗ What do you sell?
∗ Where do you sell it?
∗ How do you sell it?
– B2C Business Model
∗ What do you sell?
∗ How do you sell it?
∗ How do you differentiate yourself?
– Payment Systems
∗ B2B
∗ B2C
• E-Commerce Trends
– The Long Tail
– Digital Goods and Services
– M-Commerce
• Representative Questions
1. True or False: B2B sales of direct materials commonly include items such as janitorial
supplies, lubricants, and paper.
– False
2. What do you call an e-commerce business that has no physical stores? Click-and-order
/ pure play
3. What is the long tail, and why is it relevant for e-commerce?
– The long tail refers to the vast number of less popular products beyond the realm of
the best-sellers, hits, and blockbusters that have come to account for an increasingly
large share of revenue for online and digital retailers. The long tail is particularly
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well-suited to e-cmomerce because the cost of adding an extra product online is
virtually zero, and e-commerce websites sites have essentially unlimited virtual shelf
space. As a result, the strategy of selling relatively smaller quantities of many less
popular items has proven to be a profitable one for such businesses.
Computer Crime and Security
• Privacy
– Identity theft
∗ definitions and methods
∗ steps for prevention
– Snooping
∗ methods
∗ motivations
– Tracking
∗ Cookies, unique vs. common
∗ Trojan horse software
· Adware
· Spyware
– Spam
• Security
– Four Principles of Computer and Network Security
∗ Confidentiality, definition, examples, threats
∗ Authenticity, definition, examples, threats
∗ Integrity, definition, examples, threats
∗ Availability, definition, examples, threats
– Means of Protection
∗ Firewall
∗ IPS/IDS
∗ Encryption
· Definition and examples (e.g. substitution cipher, permutation cipher)
· Impact of quantum computing
∗ Software solutions
∗ Biometrics
• Computer Crime
– Intellectual property
∗ Copyright and fair use
∗ Patent and experimental use
∗ Software piracy, definition and prevalence
– White-collar crime
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∗ Management vs. other employees
∗ Examples of employee fraud
– Insider threats, definition and examples
– Viruses and other attacks, definitions
– Hacking, definitions
– Cyber espionage
– Ransomware
• Representative Questions
1. Which of the following is NOT a kind of computer hacker?
(a) Script bunnies
(b) Crackers
(c) White-hat hackers
(d) Red-hat hackers
(e) Cyberterrorists
2. Which principle of computer security is most directly supported by encryption? Confidentiality
3. How are common cookies similar to spyware?
– Both track your activity on the web.
– You authorized both to be on your computer, even if you didn’t realize it.
Special Topics
Infrastructure
• Network Infrastructures
– Decentralized
– Centralized
– Distributed
– Client/Server
– Tiered
• Cloud Computing
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
– Definition
– Machine Learning
∗ Definition
∗ Techniques
· Supervised
· Unsupervised
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· Reinforcement
• Deep Learning
– Neural networks
– Generative AI
– ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs)
∗ Training
∗ Weights and biases
∗ Transformers
∗ GPUs and NVIDIA
∗ Foundation models and fine-tuning
∗ Alternatives to fine-tuning
· prompt engineering
· longer context windows
· plug-ins
• Openness of LLMs
– Open Source vs. Open Weights
– Proprietary vs. Open LLMs
• Risks of AI
– Privacy
∗ loss of privacy
∗ loss of dignity
– Accuracy
∗ data quality limitations
∗ learning limitations
∗ deepfakes, disinformation, misinformation
∗ confabulation
– Property
∗ IP infringement
∗ accountability gaps
– Accessibility
∗ exacerbating inequality
∗ concentrated ownership
– Security/Crime Risks
∗ fraud
∗ cyber attacks
∗ adversarial inputs
∗ model extraction
∗ training data poisoning
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– Societal/Ethical Risks
∗ deception and dishonesty
∗ labor market disruption
∗ loss of agency/accountability
∗ homogenization
∗ inappropriate anthropomorphization
∗ environmental harm
∗ P(doom)
• Governance of AI
– Domestic developments
∗ Biden’s 2023 Executive Order
∗ NIST AI RMF Generative AI Profile
∗ NTIA AI Accountability Policy Report
∗ Active legislation
– Developments abroad
∗ European Union’s AI Act
∗ OECD’s AI Principles
– Principles of good governance
∗ implementing best practices
∗ regulatory compliance
• Representative Questions
1. In which kind of network infrastructure is there very little sharing, with everyone having
their own stuff? Decentralized
2. Which of the following LLMs is open (select all that apply)?
(a) Meta’s LLaMA
(b) Google’s Gemini
(c) Anthropic’s Claude
(d) xAI’s Grok-1
(e) TII’s Falcon 180B
3. How does cloud computing reduce barriers to entry?
– The main way is by reducing capital requirements: Instead of having to purchase a
whole bunch of expensive IT equipment, hire lots of IT personnel, and install a suite
of software, you can pay a subscription and access it all online, paying only for what
you need or what you use.
– In addition, to the extent that time to market or scalability are perceived as barriers
to entry, cloud computing relieves these, too by offering immediate access to necesssary software, computing power, storage, and services, and by offering customized,
on-demand scale.
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