PowerPoint
Presentation for
Management of
Occupational Health
and Safety
Prepared by
Bernadette Gatien
Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Chapter 1
Introduction
Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd.
1-2
Learning Objectives
• After reading this chapter, you should be able
to:
– Explain how OH&S affects us all
– Define OH&S, occupational injury, and
occupational illness
– Describe the financial and social costs associated
with occupational injuries and illnesses
– Discuss the development of modern models of
health and safety management
continued…
Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd.
1-3
Learning Objectives
• After reading this chapter, you should be able
to:
– List and describe the roles of the major
stakeholders in OH&S
– Explain the connection between human resource
management and OH&S
– Describe the links between human resource
practices and health and safety
Copyright © 2021 by Nelson Education Ltd.
1-4
Poll
• Open the MindTap Mobile App and select your course.
Workplace harassment can result in
workplace accidents.
a) True
b) False
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Opening Vignette:
Bullied to Death?
• In 2013 Eric Donovan of PEI died of a heart attack at the age
of 47.
• Those known to him recounted experiences of workplace
harassment related to the belief he was faking an injury.
• Donovan’s employer denied any wrongdoing.
• After 3 years of legal proceedings, the provincial WCB
determined Donovan’s death was linked to workplace
harassment.
• The employer appealed the decision; appeal decision is
pending.
continued…
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1-6
Opening Vignette:
Bullied to Death?
• Psychological hazards are complex and likely to result in an increase in
cases like Donovan’s.
• PEI government enacted “The Eric Donovan Law,” which, if passed,
clarifies employer responsibilities to protect employees from harassment.
• What role do you think employers play in protecting employees from
workplace harassment?
The eric Donovan law takes effect on 2020 employers were need to be educated about the eric Donovan law but
tribunal rejects because they were taugh he dies for work stress
there was not in off prove to say he dies for bullyng there were accusations he dies for work stress
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What Is
Occupational Health and Safety?
• Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
– The identification, evaluation, and control of hazards associated with
the work environment
• Hazard
– Any source of potential adverse health effect, damage, or harm on
something or someone under certain conditions at work
– Hazards include(4 elements) chemical, biological (covid, bacterias,
viruses), physical (unsecured movements, strains), and psychological
agents
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What Is
Occupational Health and Safety?
• Occupational Health & Safety Programs
– Goal of OH&S Programs:
• Reduce occupational injury and illness
– Occupational Injury:***
• Any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace
incident
– Occupational Illness:***
• Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to
environmental factors associated with employment.
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OH&S Today 1.1
Rail Disaster at Lac-Mégantic
• In July 2013, railway cars filled with crude oil
derailed and smashed into downtown Lac-Mégantic.
• 47 people died and much of the town was
destroyed.
• The TSB found 18 different contributing factors
including poor company safety culture and
unresolved mechanical issues previously identified
by Transport Canada.
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1-10
OH&S Statistics
• Workplace Fatalities, Injuries, and Illness in
Canada
– Around 1000–1100 workers die yearly as a result
of workplace incidents
– Interpretation of workplace fatality and injury data
should take into account how many people work
in each industry, region, and the reporting
requirements in each area
• 3 people per day dies because workplace
injuries in canada
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OH&S Statistics
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OH&S Statistics
• Lost-Time Injury
– A workplace injury that results in the employee
missing time from work*** (knife cuts, tripping on a
carpet, etc and the employee must go for attention).
What Is a Lost Time Accident?
A lost time accident is an accident that takes place
on the job and results in an employee being absent
from the workplace for a minimum of one full day
work day. The absent day does not include the day
during which the accident occurred. **No lost time :
no work is lost beyond that required for medical
attention.
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OH&S Statistics
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1-14
Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Began in Ancient Egypt
– Stonemasons and potters experienced respiratory problems
• Industrial Revolution
– Advent of new industries and occupations resulted in new health and
safety-related problems
• Brown lung disease caused by excessive inhalation of dust
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Changing Perspectives on Risk and Liability
– Until the early 20th century the prevailing model
for workplace hazards was the assumption of risk
• Belief that a worker accepted the risks of employment
when he or she accepted a job
• Associated is the view that injuries were caused by
accident-prone people (which is not necessarily true)
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Changing Perspectives on Risk and Liability
– Accident proneness
• The notion that some individuals are inherently more
likely than others to be involved in accidents, as a result
of individual characteristics
Everybody has responsibility for a safe workplace
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1-17
Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• What are the hazards the loggers
in this historical photo face at
work?
• At this time in history, who would
likely be considered responsible
for any workplace injury that
occurred?
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Late 19th century
– Ontario legislation established safety standards
(machine guards).
• Early 20th century
– Canadian jurisdictions passed factory laws to
regulate heating, lighting, ventilation, hygiene, fire
safety, and accident reporting.
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Royal Commission on Relations of Capital and Labour in Canada
(1889)
– Commissioners made several recommendations:
• Improving health and safety by establishing standards and mandating regular
inspections
• System for compensating victims of industrial accidents, regardless of who was
at fault
• Labour bureau to be created to oversee these activities
The standards and codes provide practical guidance on the implementation of
occupational health and safety practices… check in the textbook OH&S 1.3
Healthy Workplace according to the World Health Organization (WHO)- four
elements:
Health and safety
The psychosocial environment
Personal health resources
Enterprise community involvement
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers
in Mines
– In 1974, the three principal rights of workers first
articulated: ****
• Right to refuse dangerous work without penalty
• Right to participate in identifying and correcting health and
safety problems
• Right to know about hazards in the workplace
• The Ontario government implemented this program in mines
• Chaired by Dr. James Ham
• It is often interesting at this point to poll students who are currently
working or who have been employed whether they are familiar with or
have been informed of these rights as part of their training. The responses
to these questions often force students to think about the application of
the material in a very real and personal way.
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Historical Development of Modern
Occupational Health and Safety
• Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
legislation passed (1988; revised in 2015)***Government
jurisdictions within Canada are expected to update regulations
and acts to comply with WHMIS 2015 by 2018
– Reflects the fundamental right of workers to know about potential
workplace hazards (focused on chemical hazards or biohazards)
• Changes to the Criminal Code to allow for criminal charges for
some OH&S violations (2004)
• OH&S incorporates physical and mental health
Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals.
Company can be charge criminally under the OH&S can charged with
tort law as well if the company is conducted with neglect one of the
options for tort law to be implemented
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Imperatives for Health and Safety
• Economic Considerations
– Work-related injury costs are direct(negative
reputation or publicity, people quitting), and indirect
– Costs of workplace injuries estimated at 4% of the
world GDP (might be 3 trillion USD)
– Estimates of cost are likely underestimated (because):
• Injuries are not accurately reported
• Statistics do not adequately capture illnesses caused or
exacerbated by exposure to workplace conditions
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1-23
Imperatives for Health and Safety
• Legal Considerations
– OH&S acts provide legal rights to safe workplaces
for every worker
– Due diligence:****
• Expected standard of conduct that requires employers
to take every reasonable precaution to ensure safety
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1-24
Imperatives for Health and Safety
• Moral Considerations
– Ethical arguments that safety is the “right” focus
for employers
– Workers have a responsibility to learn about and
enact safety and health practices
– Management commitment to health and safety
results in higher levels of employee motivation to
work safely and better organizational safety
records
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The Stakeholders
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The Stakeholders
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The Stakeholders
• Government (the one who makes the laws)
– Legislation
• Occupational Health & Safety Acts
• Workers’ Compensation Acts (replace wages to
employees. It’s an insurance for employers)
– Support Knowledge Sharing and Research on
OH&S
• E.g., Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and
Safety (CCOHS) was established by federal government
to provide health and safety information to any worker
who requests it
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The Stakeholders
• Employers (obligations)
– Prepare written OH&S policy and display
prominently in workplace
– Provide and maintain equipment, materials, and
protective devices
– Ensure manner in which the work is performed is
safe, and environment is free from hazards and
serious risks
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The Stakeholders
• Employees
– Perform duties and tasks in safe and responsible manner
– Wear protective equipment in compliance with company
and legislative regulations
– Report defective equipment and other workplace
hazards to safety professionals, joint health and safety
committee, or manager
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The Stakeholders
• Organized Labour
– Take part in the joint occupational health and safety
committee
– Bring emerging problems and issues in health and safety
to the attention of the government and employers
– Pressure other stakeholders to take corrective action
– Use collective bargaining process to incorporate health
and safety provisions in many contracts
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1-31
OH&S Notebook 1.1
Internal Responsibility System
• Backbone of Canadian OH&S legislation
• Internal Responsibility System (IRS)***
– The system of shared responsibility for health and safety that
is the basis for most Canadian OH&S legislation
• Primary responsibility rests with the workplace and
not government regulators
It does not say that when a worker accepts
employment, he or she also accepts the normal risks
associated with that occupation.
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Barriers
• Employers who value production over safety
• Employers who focus on safety only when they feel
they must
– E.g., cleaning up the worksite only when there is a
safety inspection
• Employers may be uninformed or lack confidence
about safety concerns
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Partnerships
• Alliances among stakeholders can help
overcome barriers to OH&S programs
– Emphasis of shared goals can facilitate
partnerships
• Parties within a workplace can form effective
OH&S partnerships
– E.g., employer, employees, and union
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Partnerships
• Broader groups of stakeholders can also
partner to promote OH&S
– E.g., workers’ compensation boards and industry
safety associations
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OH&S Today 1.5
Young Workers at Risk
• My Safe Work
(young worker or new
employees are more likely to get injured at
work)
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Occupational Health and Safety
Professionals
• Broad array of backgrounds can develop careers in the
OH&S field
– E.g., industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, workplace
wellness promotion, OH&S training
• Safety certifications, such as CRSP®, help companies
identify individuals with relevant OH&S training
• Companies may employ a range of OH&S professionals
or may delegate OH&S responsibilities to an HR
generalist and contract out specialized OH&S services
to third parties
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OH&S Notebook 1.2
Occupational Health & Safety
Professionals
• Canadian Registered Safety Professionals
(CRSP®) are recognized experts
• Many organizations require individuals in the
field to hold this designation
• CRSPs have training in:
– Hazard identification and analysis
– Incident severity evaluation
– Development and communication of hazard control
policies
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The Role of Human Resources
• Traditional views of safety emphasized the
three Es: ******
– Engineering
– Education
– Enforcement
• Three Es do not provide a total solution
• Focusing on people’s side of safety is likely to
result in a safer workplace
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The Role of Human Resources
• Safety is often managed under the human
resources function in organizations for several
reasons:
– Safety is integrated into other human resource
functions
• E.g., training , job design, scheduling
– Safety requires legislative compliance
– Safety decreases costs
the longer it takes a person to come back the
hardest it takes to come back
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Video and Publications Links
• WorkSafeBC Video: Standing on the Edge
(note: graphic content) (3min, 11sec)
• WorkSafeBC Publications
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End-of-Chapter Activities
• Use the discussion questions to strengthen
your understanding of:
– Why OH&S is a concern for everyone
– Why historically concern for work-related injuries
was greater than workplace illnesses
– Why hazards should be controlled and who the
stakeholders are
– What role OH&S professionals play in protecting
employees
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Bill C-45
Meredith principles
If you notice that direct and in-direct accident costs are
increasing, you probably have inadequate preventative
measures within the company,
T/F: Occupational injury is any abnormal condition or
disorder caused by exposure to environmental
factors associated with employment. F (illness)
T/F: Government jurisdictions within Canada are
expected to update regulations and acts to comply
with WHMIS 2015 up until 2018. T
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