#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
______________________________________
Military Conflict in the Civil War
Theme: America in the World
Learning Objective 5.I: Explain the various factors that contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War.
Mobilization for War
KC-5.3.I.A: Both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies to wage the war even while facing considerable
home front opposition.
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Economies
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70% of railroads, __________
85% of factories, __________
65% of farmland
Union controlled financial industries, __________
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cotton
Confederacy hoped for outside financial help, overprinted paper money, hope to leverage _______________________________
exports
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●
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North had pieces to create an industrial war machine, South did not
Societal differences
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North had greater manpower at their disposal, larger army and navy
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decentralized
Union’s strong central government vs. CSA’s _______________________________
government
Home Front Opposition
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Southern states resist strong government actions
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Richmond Bread Riot showed discontent over economy
_______________________________
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draft riots
martial law
Union imposed _______________________________
to keep border states and quell _______________________________
Early Confederate Victories
KC-5.3.I.D: Although the Confederacy showed military initiative and daring early in the war, the Union ultimately succeeded…
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Early victories for the CSA
Battle of Bull Ruin
● __________________________________________
in Maryland shows inexperience of Northern Troops
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Peninsula Campaign
Union__________________________________________
too easily repelled by _____________________ troops, Gen. _____________________
fired
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John Pope
● Second Battle of Bull Run embarasses Union again, Gen. _______________________________
fired
Antietam
_______________________________
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McClellan back in charge, gains info on rebel position
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Bloodiest single day of war, McLellan does not pursue Lee’s retreat
Attempts at gaining British recognition promising at first
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
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Trent Affair
_______________________________
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Purchase of British warships and commercial raiders
______________________________________
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CSS Virginia
USS Merrimack
_______________________________
repurposed into the _______________________________
, an ironclad, compromises Union blockade
USS Monitor
● Stopped by the _______________________________
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cotton
Britain would eventually find other sources for _______________________________,
refrain from helping pro-slavery Confederacy
Keys to Union Victory
KC-5.3.I.D: ...the Union ultimately succeeded due to improvements in leadership and strategy, key victories, greater resources, and the
wartime destruction of the South’s infrastructure.
●
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Anaconda Plan
blockade
_______________________________
and _______________________________
eventually successful
Ambrose Burnside
McClellan replaced by _______________________________,
replaced after Battle of Fredericksburg
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Ulysses Grant
Gen. _______________________________ gaining prominence after capture of Ft. Henry, Ft. Donelson, Vicksburg
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Vicksburg
July 4, 1863 - Victory at _______________________________
solidified control of Mississippi River
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Battle of Gettysburg repelled Confederacy’s last northern offensive
July 3, 1863 - _______________________________
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Grant given command of __________________________________________ to pursue Lee
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Sherman instructed to “_______________________________” through state of _______________________________
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Leaves Gen. _______________________________ in charge of western campaign
_______________________________ policy compromises Confederate ability to continue
Richmond, VA, captured April 3, 1865
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Grant catches Lee at __________________________________________, VA on April 9 - final surrender
Recap
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The Union and Confederacy mobilized as quickly as they could to fight the war, often silencing dissent
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The Confederacy showed early signs of success due to poor strategy and fighting from Union troops
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Naval warfare begins to be transformed during the Civil War
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The Union starts to place effective generals in charge, repel Confederate offensive at Gettysburg - turning tide of the war
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Sherman’s March to the Sea compromised the Confederacy’s ability to continue fighting.
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
______________________________________
Part II
Short Answer Questions
Answer the following in AT LEAST three sentences.
1.
Explain the various factors that contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War.
The North had superior industrial capabilities, so they were able to produce better and more weapons and supplies
for the war. Furthermore, the North's economy was much more stable than the South's, since the population density
in the South was so low, much of the wealth of the US were primarily located in the North, which allowed it to trade
for necessary war goods. Levying taxes in the South also didn't work, as again, the population density wasn't
enough to raise the necessary money to fund the Confederate Army. Lastly, the Union had much stronger naval
force. One of the first things the Union did was implement a naval blockade of Southern ports to keep supplies from
getting to the Confederate Army while keeping that valuable Southern cotton from making exports. This was
especially destructive because the South's economy relied on the cotton industry, leading to an 80 percent
decrease in the South's economy during the war.
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
______________________________________
“THE MILLION DEAD, TOO, SUMM'D UP” from Specimen Days, Walt Whitman 1882
The dead in this war—there they lie, strewing the fields and woods and valleys and battlefields of the south—Virginia, the Peninsula—Malvern
hill and Fair Oaks—the banks of the Chickahominy—the terraces of Fredericksburgh—Antietam bridge—the grisly ravines of Manassas—the
bloody promenade of the Wilderness—the varieties of the strayed dead, (the estimate of the War department is 25,000 national soldiers kill'd in
battle and never buried at all, 5,000 drown'd—15,000 inhumed by strangers, or on the march in haste, in hitherto unfound localities—2,000
graves cover'd by sand and mud by Mississippi freshets, 3,000 carried away by caving-in of banks, &c.,)—Gettysburgh, the West,
Southwest—Vicksburgh—Chattanooga—the trenches of Petersburgh—the numberless battles, camps, hospitals everywhere—the crop reap'd
by the mighty reapers, typhoid, dysentery, inflammations—and blackest and loathesomest of all, the dead and living burial-pits, the prison-pens
of Andersonville, Salisbury, Belle-Isle, &c., (not Dante's pictured hell and all its woes, its degradations, filthy torments, excell'd those prisons)—
the dead, the dead, the dead—our dead—or South or North, ours all, (all, all, all, finally dear to me)—or East or West—Atlantic coast or
Mississippi valley—somewhere they crawl'd to die, alone, in bushes, low gullies, or on the sides of hills—(there, in secluded spots, their skeletons,
bleach'd bones, tufts of hair, buttons, fragments of clothing, are occasionally found yet)—our young men once so handsome and so joyous, taken
from us—the son from the mother, the husband from the wife, the dear friend from the dear friend—the clusters of camp graves, in Georgia, the
Carolinas, and in Tennessee—the single graves left in the woods or by the roadside, (hundreds, thousands, obliterated)—the corpses floated
down the rivers, and caught and lodged, (dozens, scores, floated down the upper Potomac, after the cavalry engagements, the pursuit of Lee,
following Gettysburgh)—some lie at the bottom of the sea—the general million, and the special cemeteries in almost all the States—the infinite
dead—(the land entire saturated, perfumed with their impalpable ashes' exhalation in Nature's chemistry distill'd, and shall be so forever, in every
future grain of wheat and ear of corn, and every flower that grows, and every breath we draw)—not only Northern dead leavening Southern
soil—thousands, aye tens of thousands, of Southerners, crumble to-day in Northern earth.
And everywhere among these countless graves—everywhere in the many soldier Cemeteries of the Nation, (there are now, I believe, over seventy
of them)—as at the time in the vast trenches, the depositories of slain, Northern and Southern, after the great battles—not only where the
scathing trail passed those years, but radiating since in all the peaceful quarters of the land—we see, and ages yet may see, on monuments and
gravestones, singly or in masses, to thousands or tens of thousands, the significant word Unknown.
1.
Provide an Attribution for the document:
Whitman is describing the casualties of the Civil War from his lens.
2. Use the document to support the thesis: “Greater amounts of manpower, resources and industrial strength were critical to the Union
victory in the Civil War”
Whitman states that there are "tens of thousands, of Southerners, crumble to-day in Northern earth", describing
the significant number of Southern deaths compared to Northern, because the North had a much stronger military
force, resulting in more Confederate deaths.
3. Choose one of the analysis topics from HAPP and provide a 2 sentence analysis of the document.
The historical context of this document is the Civil War. Whitman is describing the thousands on thousands
of people who died by the end of this war.
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
______________________________________
Ambrose Bierce at the Battle of Shiloh, 1881
Retrieved from: http://www.americanyawp.com/reader/the-civil-war/ambrose-bierce-recalls-his-experience-at-the-battle-of-shiloh-1881/
None had escaped. How the human body survives a storm like this must be explained by the fact that it is exposed to it but a few moments at a
time, whereas these grand old trees had had no one to take their places, from the rising to the going down of the sun. Angular bits of iron,
concavo-convex, sticking in the sides of muddy depressions, showed where shells had exploded in their furrows. Knapsacks, canteens, haversacks
distended with soaken and swollen biscuits, gaping to disgorge, blankets beaten into the soil by the rain, rifles with bent barrels or splintered
stocks, waist-belts, hats and the omnipresent sardine-box–all the wretched debris of the battle still littered the spongy earth as far as one could
see, in every direction. Dead horses were everywhere; a few disabled caissons, or limbers, reclining on one elbow, as it were; ammunition wagons
standing disconsolate behind four or six sprawling mules. Men? There were men enough; all dead apparently, except one, who lay near where I
had halted my platoon to await the slower movement of the line–a Federal sergeant, variously hurt, who had been a fine giant in his time. He lay
face upward, taking in his breath in convulsive, rattling snorts, and blowing it out in sputters of froth which crawled creamily down his cheeks,
piling itself alongside his neck and ears. A bullet had clipped a groove in his skull, above the temple; from this the brain protruded in bosses,
dropping off in flakes and strings. I had not previously known one could get on, even in this unsatisfactory fashion, with so little brain. One of my
men whom I knew for a womanish fellow, asked if he should put his bayonet through him. Inexpressibly shocked by the cold-blooded proposal, I
told him I thought not; it was unusual, and too many were looking.
4. Provide an Attribution for the document:
A soldier from the Civil War describes the state of the battlefield and man dying beside him.
5. Use the document to support the thesis: “Greater amounts of manpower, resources and industrial strength were critical to the Union
victory in the Civil War”
The Union had greater amounts of industrial strength, resulting in the death of horses, the destruction of
ammunition wagons, and many dead men. This level of destruction would've been unachievable if the Union
hadn't had the resources and weapons they had.
6. Choose one of the analysis topics from HAPP and provide a 2 sentence analysis of the document.
The purpose of this document was to describe the author's experience on the battlefield. It outlines the horrors
that took place during this war and gives a clear indicator of the state of mind most of the soldiers probably were
left in even after the war.
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Retrieved from: https://www.loc.gov/item/99447020
7.
Name:
______________________________________
“Scott’s Great Snake”, 1861
Provide an Attribution for the document:
Union's military strategy for blockading the Confederacy's Atlantic and Gulf coasts and launching a major
offensive down the Mississippi River to divide the South in two.
8. Use the document to support the thesis: “Greater amounts of manpower, resources and industrial strength were critical to the Union
victory in the Civil War”
This strategy would affect Confederate's trading of cotton, which they relied on most of their profit. This would
affect how much money they received to be able to buy resources for the war, giving the Union the upper hand in
resources.
9. Choose one of the analysis topics from HAPP and provide a 2 sentence analysis of the document.
#50 - 5.8 Military Conflict in the Civil War
APUSH
Name:
______________________________________
African American soldiers at the Battle of Fort Wagner, 1863
The Gallant Charge of the Fifty Fourth Massachusetts (Colored) Regiment, by Currier & Ives, New York, 1863. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)
10. Provide an Attribution for the document:
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment fighting Confederates at the Battle of Fort Wagner.
11. Use the document to support the thesis: “Greater amounts of manpower, resources and industrial strength were critical to the Union
victory in the Civil War”
The people on the Confederate side looks like they're struggling more, not all of them have guns, some are just
carrying small knives. The 54th mass also looks like they have a wagon, giving them the upper hand in running
people over and attacking more efficiently. Overall, it just looks like 54th Mass has more resources and are
doing a better job.
12. Choose one of the analysis topics from HAPP and provide a 2 sentence analysis of the document.
The author of this art piece point of view was probably pretty understanding that Confederates were losing. The
way they depicted the Confederate's side faces versus the way they depicted the 54th Mass's side, where it just
gives a general look of victory, demonstrates this clearly.