What is an electromagnetic wave?A wave formed by changing electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other.
What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves?3.0 × 10⁸ m/s.
List the 7 types of electromagnetic waves from lowest to highest frequency.Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays.
Which electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?Radio waves.
Which electromagnetic wave has the most energy?Gamma rays.
What part of the spectrum does visible light occupy?About 2% of all EM waves.
What is an example use of microwaves?Microwave ovens.
What is infrared radiation associated with?Heat (body heat, heat lamps).
What vitamin is produced by exposure to UV light?Vitamin D.
What are gamma rays associated with?Nuclear weapons and high-energy radiation.
What does an antenna do?It transmits and receives electromagnetic waves; length is half the wave's wavelength.
What do rods and cones in the eye detect?Visible wavelengths (they act like antennas for light).
What property is EM wave energy based on?Frequency.
What is the energy unit for EM waves?Electron volt (eV), where 1 eV = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
What kind of wave is light?Electromagnetic wave.
What color has the lowest frequency in the visible spectrum?Red.
What color has the highest frequency?Violet.
What are the primary colors of light?Red, Green, Blue.
What color do Red + Green make?Yellow.
What color do Green + Blue make?Cyan.
What color do Red + Blue make?Magenta.
What color results from mixing Red, Green, and Blue?White.
What is a pigment?A chemical that reflects certain colors and absorbs all others.
What color is seen when white light hits a red object?Red (red is reflected).
What happens when green light shines on a red object?The object appears black (no green is reflected).
What colors does a magenta object reflect?Red and blue.
What does the Law of Reflection state?Angle of incidence = angle of reflection.
What is the principal axis of a curved mirror?The line that bisects the mirror and passes through the center of curvature.
Rule 1 for concave mirrors?A ray parallel to the principal axis reflects through the focal point.
Rule 2 for concave mirrors?A ray through the focal point reflects parallel to the principal axis.
What is the acronym L-O-S-T used for?Describing image characteristics: Location, Orientation, Size, Type.
What happens when an object is at the center of curvature (C)?Image is same size, at C, inverted, and real.
What happens when an object is at the focal point (F)?No image is formed.
What happens when the object is between F and the mirror?Image is virtual, erect, and magnified.
What are characteristics of images formed by convex mirrors?Always virtual, erect, and reduced.
What is a real image?One where light rays converge; can be projected on a screen.
What is a virtual image?One where rays only appear to diverge; cannot be projected.