1. Arrest and Exile
June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrives in Manila.
July 3, 1892 – Founds La Liga Filipina, a reformist organization.
July 7, 1892 – Arrested four days after La Liga’s formation.
Reasons for Arrest:
o
Publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar materials.
o
Possessing subversive handbills (Pobres Frailes).
o
Dedicating El Filibusterismo to Gomburza (seen as treason).
o
Advocating for Philippine separation from Spain.
2. Exile in Dapitan (July 17, 1892 – July 31, 1896)
July 17, 1892 – Arrives in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte.
Conditions for staying in the parish convent (set by Fr. Pastells):
o
Publicly retract anti-religious views.
o
Perform Catholic rites and confess.
o
Behave as a loyal Spanish subject.
Rizal refused, choosing to live in a modest house instead.
Rizal’s Life & Contributions in Dapitan
1. As a Physician
Opened a free eye clinic for the poor.
Notable Patients:
o
Don Ignacio Tumarong – Paid ₱3,000 for restored eyesight.
o
Don Florencio Azcarraga – Paid with a cargo of sugar.
o
Doña Teodora Alonso (his mother) – Underwent eye surgery.
2. As an Engineer & Inventor
Designed water systems for clean drinking water.
Improved street lighting and sanitation to prevent diseases.
Became a licensed surveyor (Perito Agrimensor).
Invented a lighter (Sulpukan) and machinery for brick-making.
3. As an Educator & Entrepreneur
Established a school for local boys.
Founded a fishermen’s cooperative in Talisay.
Promoted agriculture & trade (sugar, abaca, lumber).
Won the lottery (Ticket No. 9736, Sept. 21, 1892) – Prize: ₱20,000.
o
₱2,000 to his father.
o
₱200 to his friend Basa.
o
₱4,000 invested in Dapitan projects.
Personal Life in Exile
1. Family Reunion
His mother (Doña Teodora), sister Trinidad, and nephew Angelica lived with
him for 1.5 years.
2. Romance with Josephine Bracken
February 1895 – Josephine (18, Irish) arrives in Dapitan with her blind foster
father, George Taufer.
They fell in love in one month and sought marriage.
Obstacles:
o
Fr. Obach refused to marry them without the Bishop’s approval.
o
Taufer opposed the relationship and left for Hong Kong.
1896 – Josephine gave birth to a premature son, Francisco, who died after 3
hours.
Trial & Execution
1. Return to Manila & Arrest
September 3, 1896 – Leaves Dapitan for Barcelona.
November 3, 1896 – Arrives in Manila, immediately arrested.
2. Trial
November 20, 1896 – Preliminary investigation.
December 26, 1896 – Formal trial.
Defense Lawyer: Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade.
Verdict (Dec. 28, 1896): Death sentence (signed by Gov. Gen. Camilo
Polavieja).
3. Execution
December 30, 1896 – Executed at Bagumbayan (Luneta).
o
6:30 AM – Walked to execution site, arms tied.
o
7:03 AM – Firing squad shot him.
Key Quotes
"There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves."
"It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal."
Study Tips:
✅ Memorize key dates (exile, lottery win, execution).
✅ Understand Rizal’s roles (doctor, engineer, teacher).
✅ Analyze why he was exiled and executed.
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