Exercise 1. Decide whether the utterances below are performative (P) or constative (C).
The first one is done as example.
[Exercise 31; Tô Minh Thanh, 2020: 174176; 230-232]
__ 1. ‘I PROMISE people things from time to time.’
__ 2a. ‘I can’t PROMISE [(that) I’ll BE home early].’
__ 2b. ‘I can’t PROMISE [(that) I’ll BE back on Monday].’
__ 3a. ‘I PROMISE [(that) I will BE home early tonight].’
__ 3b. ‘I PROMISE [(that) I will not BE late for school].’
__ 3c. ‘I PROMISE to take you to the circus if you get an A.’
_ 3d. ‘I PROMISed [(that) I would BE home early tonight].’
__ 4a. ‘She HAS PROMISed to lend me some money.’
__ 4b. ‘She HAS PROMISed to do all [(that) she CAN] to help.’
__ 5. ‘Elvis IS great.’
__ 6a. ‘I NAME this ship Titanic.’
__ 6b. ‘I NAME my dog Ben.’
__ 7a. ‘This ship IS CALLed Titanic.’ (= ‘They/ People / I CALL this ship Titanic.’)
__ 7b. ‘My dog IS CALLed Ben.’ (= ‘I CALL my dog Ben.’)
__ 7c. ‘He IS CALLed a lady-killer.’ (= ‘They/ People / I CALL him a lady-killer.’)
__ 8a. ‘I APOLOGIZE (to you) for being late.’
__ 8b. ‘I APOLOGIZE (to you) for losing my temper.’
__ 8c. ‘I later APOLOGIZed for my behaviour.’
__ 9a. ‘I CONGRATULATE you on your promotion.’
__ 9b. ‘I CONGRATULATE you on your exam result.’
__ 9c. ‘All three are to be CONGRATULATed for doing so well.’
__ 10a. ‘I ADMIT [that I TOOK 50p from the coffee shop].’
__ 10b. ‘I ADMIT [that I didn’t NOTICE it].’
__ 11a. ‘I THINK [that he’ll COME].’
__ 11b. ‘I THINK [(that) I’ll GIVE it a shot].’
__ 11c. ‘I THINK [(that) we have to FINISH work at once].’
__ 11d. ‘I THINK [(that) it’s too late].’
__ 11e. ‘Readers ARE THOUGHT to have known the regulations.’
__ 12. ‘Ho Chi Minh City IS RECOGNIZed as the country’s most dynamic city.’
__ 13a. ‘I WARN you to be aware of the icy road.’
__ 13b. ‘I WARN you not to come any closer.’
__ 13c. ‘I WARNed him not to come any closer.’
__ 13d. ‘I WARN you not to miss the deadline.’
__ 13e. ‘I WARN you not to make a habit of this.’
__ 14. ‘I CHALLENGE you to beat the speed record.’
__ 15. ‘I FINE you 200 dollars for dangerous driving.’
__ 16a. ‘You ARE REQUESTed / I REQUEST you to open the window.’
__ 16b. ‘You ARE REQUESTed / I REQUEST you to empty the dustbin.’
__ 16c. ‘You ARE REQUESTed / I REQUEST you to leave the room now.’
__ 16d. ‘You ARE REQUESTed / I REQUEST you to leave at once.’
__ 17. ‘You CAN REQUEST a copy of the document.’
__ 18a. ‘Smoking IS strictly FORBIDDEN.
__ 18b. ‘I FORBID you to smoke.’
__ 19a. ‘You ARE ADVISed to submit it without further delay.’
__ 19b. ‘I ADVISE you to submit it without further delay.’
__ 20. ‘Visitors ARE hereby GRANTed / I hereby GRANT visitors a non-exclusive
license
to use the material at these sites.’
__ 21. ‘I SUGGEST [that you SEE a doctor as soon as possible].’
__ 22. ‘I PUNISH you.’ [Hurford et al, 2007: 265]
__ 23. ‘I DOUBT [that it WAS (what he WANTed)].’
__ 24a. ‘I BET (you 50$) [she won’t COME].’
__ 24b. ‘I BET
[you can’t GET 10 marks in semantics].’
__ 24c. ‘I BET
[you can’t BEAT my computer at chess].’
__ 24d. ‘You can’t BEAT my computer at chess.’
__ 25. ‘We THANK you for your enthusiastic participation.’
__ 26. ‘We (hereby) SURRENDER.’
__ 27. ‘I hereby DECLARE [that Hue Festival HAS BEGUN].
__ 28. ‘We WISH you a Happy New Year.
__ 29. ‘I BELIEVE in letting children LEARN at their own pace.’
__ 30a. ‘We ASK [that you NOTIFY us immediately].’
__ 30b. ‘We/ I (hereby) ASK/ REQUEST you to work faster.’
__ 31a. We frequently ARGUE (tranh luận) about not having enough money.
__ 31b. ‘We ARGUE (thuyết phục) you to take action for World Water Day.
__ 31c. ‘It FEELs so good to be home.’
__ 31d. ‘We CONDEMN (lên án) the military exercise.