PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICAL SAMPLE QUESTIONS ANSWERS:
-Measuring Hematocrit value (Hct):
For measuring Hct: blood is put in a heparinized capillary tube
For measuring Hct: device used for blood separation is centrifuge
For measuring Hct: after the centrifuge, Hct is determined using a graduated scale
-Normal Hematocrit value Hct is: 45%
-RBCs count:
RBCs count: is done using hemocytometer
RBCs count: blood sample is diluted 200 times
RBCs count: blood sample is diluted using isotonic solution
-Normal RBCs count: Male= 5.5 million/mm3, Female= 5 million/mm3
-Determination of hemoglobin concentration by Sahli method:
In Sahli method: RBCs are hemolyzed in HCl
In Sahli method: when Hb is released, it reacts with HCl forming brown hematin
In Sahli method: color of acid hematin become darker with increase Hb concentration
-Determination of hemoglobin concentration by Drabkin method:
In Drabkin method: Hb + potassium ferrocyanide → met Hb
In Drabkin method: Met Hb + potassium cyanide → cyan met Hb
In Drabkin method: The instrument used to measure the light absorbance of the solution is
spectrophotometer
-Normal Hb content: in male = 15-16 g/dl, in female = 13-14 g/dl
-A patient has RBCs count … (any value) and Hb content … (any value) as shown in his CBC
report, diagnosis is: (either Normal / Anemia / Polycythemia, according to the value given)
-Normal mean corpuscular volume MCV is 80-95 fL
-A patient was diagnosed as having anemia, his CBC report shows RBCs MCV is … fL (any
value), diagnosis is: (either Normocytic anemia / Microcytic anemia / Macrocytic anemia,
according to the value given)
-Normocytic anemia due to: aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia or hemorrhagic anemia
Microcytic anemia due to: iron deficiency
Macrocytic anemia due to: vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency
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-ABO blood groups:
In blood group A: agglutinogen is A
In blood group A: agglutinin is anti B
In blood group B: agglutinogen is B
In blood group B: agglutinin is anti A
In blood group AB: agglutinogen is A & B
In blood group AB: agglutinin is none
In blood group O: agglutinogen is none
In blood group O: agglutinin is anti A & anti B
-In Blood transfusion:
Blood Group A can receive RBCs from blood groups A & O
Blood Group B can receive RBCs from blood groups B & O
Blood Group AB can receive RBCs from blood groups A, B, AB & O
Blood Group O can receive RBCs only from blood group O
-In Blood transfusion:
Group O is universal donor
Group AB is universal recipient
-Rhesus factor:
Rh positive → have D antigen
Rh negative → have no D antigen
-Determine the ABO & Rh groups:
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-Normal WBCs count is 4000-11000 /mm3
-A patient has WBCs count … /mm3 (any value) as shown in his CBC report, diagnosis is:
(either normal / leukocytosis / leukopenia, according to the value given)
-Normal platelets count is: 150000-450000 /mm3
-A patient has platelets count … /mm3 (any value) as shown in his CBC report, diagnosis is:
(either normal / high / low, according to the value given)
-Normal bleeding time is 1-4 min
-If bleeding time of a patient is … (any value), this is considered: (either normal / prolonged,
according to the value given)
-Normal Prothrombin Time (PT) is: 11-13.5 sec
-If PT of a patient is … (any value), this is considered: (either normal / prolonged, according
to the value given)
-Prolonged PT is due to defective extrinsic or common pathways
-Normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is: 21-35 sec
-If aPTT of a patient is … (any value), this is considered: (either normal / prolonged,
according to the value given)
-Prolonged aPTT is due to defective intrinsic or common pathways
-In purpura there is prolonged bleeding time
In vitamin K deficiency there is prolonged PT & aPTT
In liver disease there is prolonged PT & aPTT
-A patient has low coagulation factor VIII, he is diagnosed as having hemophilia type A
A patient has low coagulation factor IX, he is diagnosed as having hemophilia type B
A patient has low coagulation factor XI, he is diagnosed as having hemophilia type C
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