NICE TO KNOW:
Rizal’s Pen Names:
Dimasalang - hindi matatamaan, hindi matitinag
Laong-laan - laging handa
La Epoca - anti filipino newspaper
Valentin Ventura - savior of the Fili, lent Rizal the necessary funds
Saan nakumpleto yung noli? — 1886- berlin, germany
Maximo Viola - 300 for 2,000 copies
Deleted chapter: Elias and Salome
• Rizal’s Family
Rizal’s Family
Francisco Mercado - ipinanganak noong ika-11 ng Mayo 1818 sa Biñan, Laguna.
Teodora Alonso- ipinanganak noong ika-9 ng Nobyembre 1827 sa Meisik,
Tondo, Manila.
Kapatid
Saturnina - Neneng
●​ Pinadalhan niya si Pepe ng Diyamanteng sising noong ito ay nasa ibang bansa upang
may pangtustos sa kanyang pag- aaral
Paciano - Paci
●​ Inalagaan niya si Jose Rizal at tinulungan niya siyang makarating sa Europa.
●​ Nagbigay siya ng moral na suporta at naging tagapagtanggol ni Rizal, lalo
na sa kanyang mga prinsipyo at laban para sa kalayaan.
Narcisa- Sisa
●​ Isinangla niya ang kanyang mga alahas at ibinenta niya ang kanyang mga damit para
lang matustusan ang pag-aaral ni Jose Rizal.
●​ Ang nakahanap sa puntod ni Jose Rizal sa Paco Cemetery at humiling sa
tagapangalaga ng puntod na lagyan ng “RPJ” na kabaliktaran ng inisyal ng kanyang
pangalan sa puntod nito
Olympia- Ypia
Lucia
Maria
●​ Sinabi na si Maria raw ang kinausap ni Jose noong p
Jose Protacio- Pepe
Concepcion- Concha
●​ Unang Pagdadalamhati ng Bayani
Josefa- Panggoy
●​ Noong si Pepe ay nasa Europa, siya ay nagsulat para kay Josefa na ang laman ay
papuri nito sa kanyang kapatid dahil sa kanyang kahusayan sa Ingles. Si Rizal ay
nagsulat din ng mensahe tungkol sa ipinadala nitong bente pesos ngunit ang sampu
doon ay para dapat sa lotto.
Trinidad- Trining
●​ Siya ang tagapagtago at tagapamahala ng pinakahuli at pinakatanyag na tula ni Jose
Rizal.
●​ Si Trining ay isang Feminist leader at isa sa nagtayo ng “Asociacion Femenista Filipina”,
ang kauna-unahang feminist group sa Pilipinas
Soledad- Choleng
●​ Nakasaad sa sulat ni Jose RIzal para kay Choleng noong Hunyo 6, 1890 na hanga ito
sa bunsong kapatid sa pagiging guro nito
• Romances of Rizal
LEONOR “ORANG” VALENZUELA
➢ Rizal’s second object of affection, literally the girl-next-door
➢ During courtship, Rizal sent Leonor private and secret love letters (used invisible ink made
with water and salt)
➢ Some reports say that he was courting Leonor Valenzuela and Leonor Rivera at
the same time
➢ When Rizal left for Spain in 1882, it was said that he did say goodbye to Orang, but
kept in touch with the help of Rizal’s close friend, Jose “Chenggoy” Cecilio.
LEONOR RIVERA (pinsan)
➢ Rizal was never the preferred choice of Leonor Rivera’s mother
➢ He was in love with Leonor Rivera; even invented coded alphabet so that they could write
sweet messages to each other
➢ Leonora faded in his memory; the Leonor Rivera-Rizal engagement did not survive
long-distance romance
➢ The inspiration of Rizal in writing Maria Clara’s character in Noli Me Tangere
CONSUELO ORTIGA Y REY
➢ The daughter of Señor Pablo Ortiga y Rey
➢ Rizal gave Consuelo gifts, all ordered through his sisters in Calamba
➢ Rejected Rizal in favor of Eduardo Lete
➢ Two-timing Consuelo didn't really catch Rizal's true fancy except that he impulsively joined
the crowd.
SEIKO USUI (O SEI-SAN)
➢ Rizal was attracted by her regal loveliness and charm; saw in her the qualities of his ideal
womanhood—beauty, charm, modesty and intelligence
➢ Rizal was almost tempted to settle in Japan with O Sei-san
➢ On April 13, 1888, Rizal left Japan and O-Sei-San aboard the Belgic, cherishing his 45-day
stay as one of the happiest times of his life.
➢ They met almost daily, exploring Tokyo’s landmarks together, including: Imperial Art Gallery
and Imperial Library
GERTRUDE BECKETT
➢ She was a buxom young lady with blue eyes and brown hair
➢ She fell in love with Rizal and gave him all of her attention during family picnics and
gatherings
➢ Rizal affectionately called her “Gettie,” and in return she called him “Petite”
➢ Rizal withdrew her relationship with Gettie before it becomes more serious
o Finished a number of sculptural works, including a carving of the heads of the Beckett
sisters
PETITE SUZANNE JACOBY
➢ Niece of the landlady of where he stayed at in Belgium
➢ She was taken by Rizal’s charm and gallantry, and provided him good company
➢ She fell in love with Rizal, and wept when he left for Madrid in July 1890
➢ She wrote to him in French
NELLIE (NELLY) BOUSTEAD
➢ After having lamented his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera on account of the lady's
engagement to another man, Rizal came to develop considerable affection for Nellie, the prettier
and younger daughter of Mr. Eduardo Boustead
➢ Rizal’s marriage proposal failed because:
o Nellie demanded that he gave up his Catholic faith and convert to Protestantism
o Nellie’s mother did not approve of Rizal
• Courses Rizal took during his higher education (in Ateneo and UST)
ATENEO - In June 1872, Rizal (11 years old at the time) was sent to Manila to study in Ateneo,
which was previously called Escuela Pia (Charity School of Manila) then became Ateneo
Municipal. Now, it is Ateneo de Manila.
During this time, Fr. Magin Fernando (Ferrando) deterred Rizal from his matriculation due to him
appearing frail and sickly, as well as being late for the registration period. Fortunately, Manuel
Xerez Burgos helped Rizal and the latter got accepted in Ateneo.
He was an externo or a living-out student who lived in Caraballo St., Santa Cruz outside the
Walled City (Intramuros).
-​
Rizal’s first year in Ateneo
Rizal‘s first professor in Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech. Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class
since he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish. But at the end of the month, he becomes
emperor of his Empire. He was the brightest pupil in the whole class, and he was awarded a
prize, a religious prize. Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during noon recesses
to improve his Spanish language paying three pesos for those extra lessons. He placed second
at the end of the year, although all his grades were still marked Excellent.
The first favorite novel of Rizal was The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas. His boyish
imagination was stirred by the sufferings of Edmond Dantes (the hero) in prison, his spectacular
escape from the dungeon of Chateau de If, his finding a buried treasure in the rocky island of
Monte Cristo, and his dramatic revenge on his enemies who had wronged him. He persuaded
his father to buy a costly set of Cesar Cantu‘s historical work entitled Universal History. He also
read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist-traveler who visited Phil
in 1859-60.He was impressed by: Jagor‘s keen observations of the defects of Spanish
colonization; and his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America
would come to succeed her as colonizer.
-​
Second Year (1873-1874)
Rizal regretted having neglected his studies in the beginning of the year but he regained the title
of emperor at the end of the second semester. During this time, he became a voracious reader
and got interested in romantic novels.
-​
Third year (1875-1876)
June 16, 1875- He became an interno in Ateneo. Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, one of his
professors, inspired him to study harder and write poetry. Rizal‘s best professor in Ateneo. Rizal
described him as a model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his
pupils. He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and excellent ratings.
-​
Fourth year (1877)
March 23, 1877- Rizal, 16 years old, received from his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors. Rizal was the highest in all subjects and
won five medals at the end of the school term. He excelled in all his subjects and was the most
brilliant Atenean, he was truly “the pride of the Jesuits”
-​
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO
He was an active member, later secretary, of Marian Congregation - a religious society. He was
accepted because of his academic brilliance and devotion to Our Lady of Immaculate
Conception, the college patroness. He is also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature
and the Academy of Natural Sciences. He studied painting under Agustin Saez, a famous
painter, and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus. He continued his physical training under his
sports-minded Tio Manuel.
-​
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO
He carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with his
pocket knife. The Jesuits fathers were amazed. Father Lleonart requested him to carve for him
an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He intended to take the image with him in Spain but
forgot to do so. So the Ateneo borders placed it on the door of their dormitory. t plays a
significant part in Rizal‘s last hours at Fort Santiago.
-​
POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) - first written poem of Rizal, which was dedicated to
his mother on her birthday. He wrote it when he was 14 years old. El Embarque: Himno a la
Flota de Magallanes ( The Departure: Hymn to Magellan‘s Fleet). Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el
Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the
World). El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo) In 1876,
he wrote poems on religion, education, memories and war. (e.g. In Memory of my Town)
-​
RIZAL’S POEM ON EDUCATION
Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light- education plays in the progress and welfare
of a nation. •The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education- showed that
Education without God is not true education RIZAL’S RELIGIOUS POEM •Al Nino Jesus (To the
Child Jesus)- written when he was 14 years old, expressing his Catholic faith devotion. •A La
Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)
●​ FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO
1877-1878 Rizal took the vocational course leading to the title of ―perito agrimensor” (expert
surveyor). He passed the final examination in the surveying course on November 25, 1881. He
remained loyal to Ateneo.
UST
RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY
●​ Rizal took the course on Philosophy and Letters. Two reasons why Rizal enrolled in
this course: His father liked it; and He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.
●​ It was the following term (1878-1879) RIZAL TOOK UP THE MEDICAL COURSE • Two
reasons: He received the advice of Father Pablo Ramon, Ateneo’s Rector to study
medicine and to be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.
●​ He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in Ateneo.
●​ He obtained gold medals in agriculture and topography
-​
Rizal's performance at the University of Santo Tomas was not as excellent as his time at
the Ateneo. His grades after shifting to medicine had suffered as well.
-​
Jose Rizal studied 21 subjects in total at the University of Santo Tomas. To sum it up, he
obtained 6 Sobresaliente or Excellent, 6 Notable or Aprovechado or Very Good, Bueno
or Good, and 1 Aprobado or Passing Grade.
PREMED
curso de Ampliación
●​ Physics
●​ Chemistry
●​ Natural History
PRACTICAL TRAINING
●​ Hospital de San Juan de Dios (4 years - Intramuros)
ACADEMIC CHALLENGES
1.​ Hostility from Dominican Professors
2.​ Discrimination against Filipinos
3.​ Found the education system at UST outdated and repressive
4.​ Medicine was not his true passion, which later shifted to the arts.
ACHIEVEMENTS AS A THOMASIAN
●​ Obtained the global grade of "Notable" (Very Good).
●​ Ranked second in his graduating class of seven.
●​ Won additional literary laurels during his UST years.
-​
“A La Juventud Filipina” in the Licea Artistic-Literario of Manila in 1879
• Rizal and Father Sanchez
Only Spanish priest to defend Rizals Noli Me Tangere in public Rizal gave a precious
birthday gift a manuscript entitled “Estudios sobre la lengua tagala” - studies on the tagalog. (A
tagalog grammar which Rizal wrote and which he dedicated to his beloved former teacher)
RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ (FAVORITE TEACHER IN ATENEO DE MANILA)
• Rizal’s Encounter with the Friar’s Spy
Pablo Mercado, assumed name of the spy whose real name was Florencio Namanan.
He was a native of Cagayan de Misamis, single and about 30 years old. Hired by the Recollect
Friar’s to a secret mission. Introduce himself to Rizal as a friend and relative to spy on his
activities. Filch letters and writings of Rizal
• Rizal in Barcelona, Spain.
IN SPAIN 1882-1885
After finishing the 4th year of the medical course in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal
decided to complete his studies in Spain.
SECRET MISSION IN SPAIN
• to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and
governments and laws of the European nations. In order to prepare himself in the mighty task of
liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
RIZAL IN BARCELONA
May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish Steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.
Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the
friars
June 16, 1882- Rizal finally reached his destination—Barcelona. ARTICLES WRITTEN BY
RIZAL
Amor Patrio (Love Of Country) - a nationalistic essay written by Rizal under his pen name
Laong Laan which urged his compatriots to love their fatherland, the Philippines. Basilio
Teodoro Moran- publisher of Diariong Tagalog. Other written articles of Rizal: - Los Viajes
(Travels)- second article - Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)- returned to him because the
Diariong Tagalog had ceased publication for lack of funds.
• Rizal in Madrid, Spain.
• November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid in two coursesMedicine and Philosophy and Letters. Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid.
• He also studied in Painting and Sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts and took lessons
in French, German and English.
CIRCULO HISPANO-FILIPINO (HISPANO-PHILIPPINE CIRCLE)
• Shortly after his arrival, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (HispanoPhilippine Circle), a
society of Spaniards and Filipinos.
• “They Ask Me For Verses” (Me Piden Versos) - a poem written by Rizal in response to the
request of the members of the society. It is a sad poem in which Rizal poured out the cry of his
agonizing heart. RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS
• Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew - aroused the
sympathy of Rizal to his oppressed and unfortunate people. RIZAL AS A MASON
• March 1883- Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid under his Masonic name
Dimasalang. Rizal‘s reasons for becoming a mason: 1. the bad friars in the Philippines, by
their abuses unworthy of their priestly habit or calling, drove Rizal to desperation and Masonry;
2. he needed the help of the Masons to fight the bad friars in the Philippines, for Masonry, to
Rizal, was a shield to use in his fight against the evil forces of tyranny.
• Rizal’s contribution to Science.
●​ With his baroto (sail boat) and accompanied by his pupils - He explored the jungles and
coasts, to find insects, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, shells and plants
●​ He sent these specimens to the museum of Europe especially the Dresden Museum. In
payment, they sent him scientific books and surgical instruments.
●​ Some rare specimen he discovered which were named in his honor by the scientists:
○​ Draco rizali (flying dragon)
○​ Apogonia rizali (small beetle)
○​ Rhacophorus rizali (rare frog)
●​ Rizal also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archeological and geographical
studies.
• Rizal’s Trip to Japan.
February 28, 1888 - Rizal arrived in Yokohama, the next day he went to Tokyo and
stayed at the Tokyo Hotel for six days.
Juan Perez Caballero (secretary of the Spanish Legation) - visited Rizal at his hotel
who later invited him to live at the Spanish Legation (Rizal realized that the Spanish
diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to keep track of his activities. Since it
was economical to stay at the legation and he believed that he had nothing to hide, he
accepted it.)
March 7, 1888 - Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation
THINGS WHICH FAVOURABLY IMPRESSED RIZAL IN JAPAN:
-​ the beauty of the country;
-​ the cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people
-​ the picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women;
-​ there were very few thieves in Japan;
-​ beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.
April 13, 1888 - Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, bound for the United States.
• Rizal’s Trip Across the Atlantic.
The American and European passengers were amused of his marvelous skill in using yoyo as a
weapon.
• The Song of the Traveller
"(El Canto del Viajero) The Song of the Traveller
●​ His heart-warming poem for his joyous thought resuming his travels as the Malacañang
approved his request.
●​ Adios, Dapitan
○​ Accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa's daughter), his three
nephews, and six pupils.
○​ As the farewell music, the town brass band strangely played the dolorous funeral
March of Chopin.
• Rizal’s Contribution to the PH independence (Educ and Intellectual Leadership)
Rizal believed in the power of education to empower Filipinos and advocated for equal
rights. He was a polymath and intellectual who used his skills to awaken the Filipino
consciousness
EDUCATION
Education as Liberation: Rizal believed education was essential for freeing individuals from
ignorance and oppression, enabling Filipinos to challenge colonial rule. He famously stated,
"Education gives luster to the motherland, "emphasizing its role in national pride.
Advocacy for Women' s Education: In his "Letter to the Young Women of Malolos, "Rizal
highlighted the importance of educating women, recognizing their potential as key contributors
to nation-building and societal reform.
Literary Contributions: Rizal' s novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, critiqued
educational injustices. Through characters like Crisostomo Ibarra, he illustrated the need for
reforms that empower Filipinos and foster critical thinking.
• La Liga Filipina
-​ Rizal’s own socio-civic organization; reformist group
-​ “The Filipino League”
-​ Appears to be harmless, and wholesome organization, akin to an NGO that
seeks to empower Filipinos to help themselves.
●​ FLORO QUIBUYEN - according to him, Liga is SEPARATIST ;
-​ “A Nation Aborted”
-​ "The entire archipelago should be united to become one body."
- La Liga Filipina was not intended to be a stepping stone to another organization; its
ultimate goal was to establish an independent Philippine nation.
“Reformas” - the radical changes that would benefit the people and lead to the
development of the country independent of Spain.”
-​
Quibuyen further asserts that, since his North Borneo Project did not
materialize… Rizal concentrated on his foremost objective: returning
to the Philippines to establish La Liga Filipina, which would pave the
way for the formation of a Filipino national community, and therefore,
national independence. Rizal was convinced that, however Spain
responded to the new initiative, independence was inevitable. It was
simply a question of how it would come, peacefully or through a
revolution.”
-​
July 6, 1892 - A package of “seditious paper” was confiscated and brought to the
attention of Governor-General Despujo
LIGA’S FIVE PURPOSES:
1. To unite the entire archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogenous body.
2. To provide mutual protection in every grievance and need.
3. To defend against violence and injustice.
4. To encourage educational, industrial, and agricultural enterprises.
5.To study and implement reforms.
-​ Unus Instar Omnium (One like all)
• Reason for Rizal’s first homecoming.
FOUR REASONS FOR RETURNING TO THE PHILIPPINES:
a) To perform an operation on Dona Teodora’s eyes
b) To defend his oppressed countrymen more effectively than doing so in a foreign land
c) To find out how his Noli was received by the Filipinos and Spaniards; and
d) To know the reason for Leonor Rivera’s long silence.
•Influence on Present Society (National Consciousness and Pride)
-Rizal’s life and works inspire Filipinos to develop a strong sense of identity, unity, and pride.
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)
Like Rizal’s efforts to uplift the Filipino image abroad, OFWs represent Filipino resilience and
talent globally.
Community Collaboration
The spirit of bayanihan (community cooperation) during crises, such as typhoon relief
operations or pandemic vaccination campaigns, reflects Rizal’s vision of unity and collective
responsibility. Local initiatives by barangay volunteers and NGOs echo the collaborative efforts
Rizal championed.
Youth Activism
Examples include youth-led movements for climate action, such as the global Fridays for Future
campaign, or local student protests against tuition hikes and unjust policies.
•International Youth Day
This is celebrated annually on August 12 to raise awareness about challenges faced by the
youth, such as unemployment, inequality, and lack of access to education.
•Nationalistic Essay
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
●​ September 18, 1891
●​ Printing Shop — F. Meyer-Van Loo Press No. 66 Viaanderen Street
●​ Valentin Ventura
●​ GOMBURZA
●​ Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila
●​ Php 10,000
●​ Work of Head
●​ Book of thought
NOLI ME TANGERE
●​ March 21, 1887
●​ Berliner Buchdruckei Action - Gesselschaft
●​ Dr. Maximo Viola
●​ Php 300- 2,000 copies
●​ Work of Heart
●​ Book of Feeling
1)Segunda Katigbak
-first love
2)MISS L
-young woman in Calamba
3)Leonor Valenzuela (Orang)
-as tall as Rizal
-invisible ink
4)Leonor Rivera (Taimis)
-cousin of Rizal
5)Consuelo Ortiga y Rey
-Madrid
-Eduardo de Lete
6)Suzanne Jacoby
-Belgium
7)Gertrude Beckette (Gettie)
-London
8)Nellie Boustead
-Fil-British woman
-France
9)Suzanne Thill
-Belgium
-distinct from Suzanne Jacoby
10)Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San)
-Japanese woman
11)Josephine Bracken
-Rizal’s last love
-Irish woman
-Rizal and Josephine son’s
RANKING OF THE 2 ATENEAN EMPIRES:
1.​ Emperor (Rizal is an emperor)
2.​ Tribune
3.​ Decurion
4.​ Centurion
5.​ Standard-bearer