UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
• PSYCHOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology
- Psyche = soul; -logos = study of
- Started in 1879
- Scientific study of mind and behavior
Wilhelm Wundt
- Founder of experimental psychology
EXPERIMENTAL
Why and what
APPLIED
How
Difference of Psychologist and Psychiatrist
PSYCHOLOGIST
PSYCHIATRIST
Heals a patient through
One who prescribes medicines
psychotherapy
Not a medical doctor and can't
Trained as a medical doctor
prescribe medication
GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY:
1) Describe: Understand how people think, feel, and behave.
2) Explain: Identify the factors that influence human behavior.
3) Predict: Develop
4) Change / Control: Implement
Understand how people think, feel, and behave Identify the factors that
influence human behavior. Develop and implement effective interventions
to help people improve their lives.
2 Behaviors:
1) Overt Behavior – physical interactions, manifestations that we feel.
2) Covert Behavior – inner thoughts
8 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY:
1) Clinical Psychology
2) Developmental Psychology
3) Social Psychology
4) Cognitive Psychology
5) Biological Psychology
6) Forensic Psychology
7) Educational Psychology
8) School Psychology
8 BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
Clinical Psychology
- Diagnosing and treating mental
disorders
- Individuals facing a broad spectrum
of psychological issues, like anxiety,
depression, schizophrenia and
personality disorders.
Developmental
- Understanding how people change
Psychology
and grow throughout their lives.
- Investigate the physical, emotional,
and social development of
individuals
Social Psychology
- Delve into how a person’s thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors are
influenced by the actions of others
Cognitive Psychology
- Study of mental processes such as
perception, memory, problemsolving, and decision-making.
Biological Psychology
- Examine the intricate relationship
between the brain, the nervous
system, and behavior.
- Effects of neurotransmitters, brain
injuries, and the genetics of
behavior.
Forensic Psychology
- Assess and evaluate individuals
involved in various legal cases,
including criminals, witnesses, and
victims.
Educational Psychology
-
School Psychology
-
How students learn and develop
within educational settings.
Examine topics such as learning
disabilities, and the effectiveness of
teaching methods.
Work within educational institutions
to support the academic,
emotional, and behavioral wellbeing of students
PHILIPPINE PSYCHOLOGY
Philippine Psychology
- Distinct and culturally grounded approach within the discipline of
psychology
- Supports the idea of "indigenization from within."
Virgilio Enriquez
- Founder of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
- Introduced the concept of “Kapwa” = shared self / identity
- Founded the Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)
- First formally initiated the Filipino psychology in 1963, when he was
teaching in the University of Philippines (U.P)
Kapwa
- Emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals and the
importance of social harmony.
- Central concept in Sikolohiyang Pilipino
VALUES & MINDSET OF THE FILIPINOS:
Values – found in our family, obligation, friendship, religion, and other
relationships.
Traits – general way in which Filipinos behave, which can be either positive
or negative.
Filipino Traits:
• Crab Mentality – negative trait caused by feelings of envy
• Bahala Na – kind of passiveness because of Filipinos being carefree;
“Bathalan na”
• Manana Habit – means tomorrow is a plain procrastination
Filipino Values:
• Sharing with one's fellow man (Pakikisama) – the way of accepted
interaction as a part of the society.
• Unity (Pagkakaisa) – bayanihan spirit is one of communal unity,
helping others without expecting rewards, to achieve a certain
goal.
• Smooth Interpersonal Relationship – avoiding conflicts with a nice
interaction with other people.
3 DISTINCTION OF THE PHILIPPINE PSYCHOLOGY:
1) Sikolohiya ng Pilipinas
2) Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino
3) Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Sikolohiya ng Pilipinas
- Refers to the academic discipline that encompasses the study of
psychology within the Philippines as a geographical location.
- Documents focuses on psychological concepts in Philippines
Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino
- Centers on the psychological experiences and perspectives of the
Filipino people.
- Aims to explore the unique aspects of the Filipino psyche, values,
and cultural identity.
- Acknowledges that Filipinos have their distinct ways of thinking,
feeling, and behaving.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
-
Ams to produce Psychological concepts
Most comprehensive and encompassing term within Filipino
Psychology
Both a movement and a perspective that strives to develop a
genuinely Filipino psychology
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF: WILLIAM JAMES’
CONCEPT OF THE SELF
William James
- An influential Psychologist and Philosopher
- Developed a theory on the psychological perspective of SELF in
1890, called “the I Self and the Me Self.”
The I Self and the Me Self
- Dissects the composition of SELF into “I” and “Me”
- Discusses the difference between both selves and its relevance in
finding the SELF.
I Self
-
Subjective
Thinker, doer, and the knower
Thinking self; pure ego; has sense of awareness
Me Self
- Objective and observable
- Personal experiences
- Empirical self
- Can be shaped by other people
3 Categories of Me Self:
1) Material Self – body
2) Social Self
3) Spiritual Self
CARL ROGERS: REAL AND IDEAL SELF
Carl Rogers
- Contributed on the Client-Centered Therapy
- Founder of humanistic psychology
- Proponent of Real and Ideal Self Theory
Real Self & Ideal Self
- Promote a sense of self-worth and a more healthy and productive
life
Real Self
- True identity
- Reflecting who they are in their everyday life
Ideal Self
- Aspirational vision
- Who a person wishes to become
Perspective on Real Self & Ideal Self:
IDEAL SELF
How a person wants to present
himself
How a person aspire to be
Not consistent in real life
REAL SELF
What a person is in real life
Genuity of how a person lives
Self-concept
- Organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself
- Influenced by the interactions and experiences a person has in their
life and its interpretations
- Is not static; it changes over time.
- Does not match reality, it may lead to psychological distress
Influences Self-concept:
1) Early Environment
2) Internal Environment
3) External Environment
3 Components of Self:
1) Self-worth
2) Self-image
3) Ideal Self
Self-worth
- Self-esteem
- Influenced by external perceptions
- Formed in early childhood
- High and low self-esteem
Self-image
- How you see yourself
- Physical characteristics, personality traits and social roles
Ideal Self
- Person you want to be
- Ideal goals, values, and traits
- May not be the same from childhood
Congruence
- Ideal self and real self closely align, signifying an accurate selfconcept
- High congruence fosters a healthier, more productive life (high selfworth)
- Appreciates themselves and accepts compliments
- Allows them to strive for their ideal self while remaining true to their
own identity
- Occurs when an individual's perception of their real self closely
mirrors their ideal self
Incongruence
-
Disparity between actual experiences and actual self
Misalignment between an individual’s real and ideal self due to
pressure
Inability to accept parts of experiences
Emerges when an individual's ideal self, or who they want to be, is
misaligned with their real-life experiences and self-concept
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF: SIGMUND FREUD’S
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud
- Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis
- Defines human personality as the adult personality that emerges as
a composite of early childhood experiences
Psychoanalysis – method of treating people with mental disorders, through
theory
Structure of Personality
- Interact and conflict with each other = the creation of a person's
personality
- Address the origins of a person's personality.
- Explains the complex interplay between our deepest wants, cultural
norms, and the world we live in.
3 Division of Structure of Personality:
1) ID
2) Ego
3) Superego
ID
- Present at birth
- Completely unconscious and involves innate and primal behaviors
- Represents our desires and urges.
Ego
-
Driven by the pleasure principle
Rationality
Develop during the first 3 years of a child’s life.
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.
Personality component responsible for dealing with reality.
Required to serve "three severe masters: the external world, the
super-ego and the id.”
Superego
- Last personality development of Freud’s Theory
- Present at 5 years old
- Our inner moral compass that will help us have an awareness about
what is right and wrong
- Serve as our “conscience”
2 Parts of Superego:
a) Conscience
b) Ego Ideal
CONSCIENCE
Consist of wrongdoing or behaviors
that will lead to consequences,
guilt, and punishment
Help us have conscious awareness
from our actions whether it severs
us good or bad and if it is right and
wrong
EGO IDEAL
Serve as our personal standard to
have a good behavior (conscious
self)
Help us make the right choices and
right actions that aligns with our
personal ideals in life to become a
better version of ourselves.