REVIEWER: SCITECS
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
had experienced periods of intense growth as well as long periods of stagnation
Numerous national scientists have contributed in different fields of science including:
⮚Fe del Mundoin the field of Pediatrics,
⮚ Eduardo Quisumbing in the field of plant taxonomy,
⮚ Gavino Trono in the field of tropical marine psychology,
⮚ Maria Orosa in the field of food technology and many more
Stone Age
The first evidence of the systematic use of Stone Age technology in the Philippines is estimated to 50,000 BC,
and this phase in the development of proto-Philippine societies is considered to end with the rise of metal tools in
about 500 BC, albeit with stone tools still used past that date
Inventions
⮚They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones
around 40,000 B.C. By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery.
⮚ Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain.
⮚ Soon they learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments
Iron Age
⮚ The Iron Age lasted from there third century B.C, to 11th century A.D
⮚ During this period Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the
importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China
Inventions/ Discoveries
⮚ They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields
utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
⮚ They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.
⮚ Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracao suited for interisland trade raids
1stCentury A.D .
• Cotton weaving
• Iron smelting
• Glass ornaments and pottery making
• Cultivating lowland rice in diked fields and terraced fields
• Utilizing spring water in terraced fields
• Building of boats for coastal trade
10th Century A.D.
⮚ Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro)
⮚These archeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam had
been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.
15th Century A.D.
⮚ Filipinos learned to make and use modern artillery Town of Mindoro is fortified by a stone wall over 14ft thick and
defended by armed Moros-” bowman, lancers, and some gunners, linstocks in hand
Trading
⮚ The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and
medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and
tin.
PRE-SPANISH ERA
HITTITE / ABECEDANIB
Baybayin is one of the writing systems that was used among early Filipinos before Spanish colonization.
The script was used to record business transactions, folk tales, poetry, songs and other compositions, according to
the book An Illustrated History of the Philippines
SPANISH COLONIAL ERA
⮚Later the Spanish established colleges and universities in the archipelago including the oldest existing university in
Asia, the University of Santo Tomas.
⮚The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial economy
⮚The opening of Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the Spanish colony and some Filipinos were able
to study in Europe who was probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought by the age of
Enlightenment.
AMERICAN PERIOD
⮚ The progress of Science and Technology in the Philippines continued under the American rule of the Islands. ⮚ On
July 1, 1901, the Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was placed under
the Department of Interior.
⮚ They established the public education system
⮚ Improved the engineering works and health conditions of the people.
⮚ They established the University of the Philippines which is a research university.
⮚ The Americans created more public hospitals than the Spaniards.
⮚ Basic education science focused on nature studies and sanitation. Later, the subject was formally called ―Science‖
⮚ Researchers were done to control malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and other tropical diseases
First Republic
⮚ There was very little development in science and technology during the short-lived Philippine Republic (1898-1900)
⮚ The government took steps to establish a secular educational system by a decree of 19 October 1898, it created the
Universidad Literaria de Filipinas as a secular, state supported institution of higher learning.
⮚ During its short life, the University was able to hold graduation exercises in Tarlac on 29 September 1899 when
degrees in medicine and law were awarded
JAPANESE OCCUPATION
⮚The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942 and 1945, when Imperial Japan occupied the
Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II.
⮚The invasion of the Philippines started on 8 December 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Japanese Occupation
⮚ During this time, many of the established industries in the Philippines were turned into ashes and many lives were
destroyed. Horses, cars and trucks were confiscated
EDUCATION
⮚ Under Education, the country was subjected to Military Order No. 2 on February 17, 1942 which contains the
Japanese educational policies that upholds Six Basic Principles:
1. Realization of new order;
2. Propagation of Filipino
Culture; Attempt to elevate the morals of people, giving up, over emphasis materialism;
4. The teaching and
propagation of Niponggo;
5. Diffusion of elementary and vocational education;
6. Promotion of love of labor
R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free education up to the secondary
level, implemented in the education system together with this was the “Science for the Masses Program” which aimed
at scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos.
Fidel V. Ramos
⮚believes that science and technology was one of the means wherein the Philippines could attain the status of new
industrialized country (NIC).
In 1993, Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) was established
⮚Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439);
⮚Science and Technology Scholarship
Law of 1994 (Republic Act No. 7687) and
⮚Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act (Republic Act No. 7459). The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
(Republic Act No. 8293) was enacted during Ramos' term.
In President Joseph Estrada 's term,
⮚ two major legislations that he signed were Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) which was
designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development of its natural
resources, and ⮚ Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)which outlaws computer hacking and
provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from the Internet driven
In the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration,
⮚ the science and technology sector of the Philippines was dubbed as the "golden age" of science and technology by
then secretary Estrella Albastro
The Philippines was ranked 51st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, it has increased its ranking considerably since
2014, where it was ranked 100th
BENIGNO AQUINO III CONTRIBUTION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2010-2016) HEALTH
- Among the strides made in securing the welfare of our fellow Filipinos is intensifying access to quality health care:
▪ Among others, the continuous upgrading of government health facilities;
▪ the systematic deployment of health professionals to far-flung areas;
▪ a comprehensive program providing free vaccination to children has been established;
▪ numerous policies to improve financial protection in health care costs have been adopted.
▪ And universal health insurance coverage in the Philippines is well on its way to becoming a reality.
▪ On June 19, 2013, President Aquino signed RA 10606 (An Act Amending the National Health Insurance Act of 1995.
EDUCATION
⮚ In a historic moment for advocates of educational equity, President Benigno Aquino III approved Republic Act (RA)
10533, signing into law the K+12 program on May 15, 2013.
▪ The K+12 program covers kindergarten and twelve years of basic education — six years of primary schooling, four
years of junior high school and two years of senior high school. INDUSTRY
⮚ In 2012, the Philippines recorded one of its strongest years for growth, surpassing all expectations; the first quarter
GDP of 2013, recorded at 7.8%, further raised the bar among the community of nations and exceeding even our growth
trend. ⮚ Lead credit ratings agencies have placed the Philippines at the investment grade level, even as they predict
continued favorable economic prospects for our future
AGRICULTURE
⮚ President Benigno Aquino lll set out the vision of renewable energy as a tool to break the Philippines from its
dependence on imported fossil fuels.
⮚ In 2011, Pres. Aquino III and the Department of Agriculture made a 5 years national advocacy program to provide a
conductive environment for assembling and manufacturing of the equipment for agriculture and fisheries
production prossesing and marketing LAW
⮚ Republic Act No. 10844, otherwise known as the “Department of Information and Communications Technology Act
of 2015”, which was signed into law on 23 May 2016
▪ Apart from this, the DICT is expected to spearhead the following endeavors:
•-Nation building Through ICT
•-Safeguarding of Information
•-Advancement of ICT in the Philippines
OTHER PROJECTS- NAIA Expressway, Phase II
- Pasay City- Naga Airport
- Brgy. San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur
- Tabaco City, Albay- Legazpi Base Port
- Near Legazpi City Albay
- Jct. Menzi-Dahican-Lawigan Tourism Road City of Mati, Davao Oriental
- Blue Point Port- Brgy. Sasa, Davao City
▪ Replacement of Lucban Bridge and Approaches along Manilad Road - Abulog, Cagayan
▪ Lobo Malabrigo San Juan Road - San Juan, Batangas
▪ Gandara Matunguinao Road - Calbayog City, Samar
▪ Catbalogan Port - Catbalogan City Samar
▪ Butuan City By-pass Road - Misamis Oriental
An antecedent is described as a precursor to the unfolding of life.
Science from the latinword “sciencia” means knowledge.
Science is the pursuit of knowledge about the natural world through systematic observation and experiments.
Technology comes from the Greek words "Techne” means skill, craftmanship or art and "logos" means word or
reason.
Technology is the application of scientifically gained knowledge for practical purpose
According to Albert Einstein, “it is not knowledge if you only derived it from books but if you can derive it on numbers,
it is considered knowledge.”
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENT IN ANCIENT PERIOD - ancient civilizations paved the way for the advances in Science and
Technology.
IN THE WORLD: ANCIENT, MIDDLE AND MODERN AGES
ANCIENT TIME –ancient history covers the period 3000BC -AD 500.
MEDIEVAL ERA often called MIDDLE AGES –began around 476 A.D may span roughly 1,000 years ending between
1400 and 1492.
MODERN AGES –It is also referred to as Modernity, is the post Medieval area, beginning 1500 to present, wide span
of time marked in part by technological innovations, urbanization, scientific discoveries and globalization