Table of Contents
Exam 2021 (17 Batch)
1
Exam 2018-19
3
Exam 2018
5
Exam 2017
7
Exam 2017 (Self Study)
9
Exam 2013-14 (10 Batch)
12
Exam 2013-14 (Self Study)
14
Exam 09 Batch
16
I
4/T«ll/KKK*4NI
Date 2O/OJ/2O2J
(IIUTAGONG UNIVI RSH Y Ol I 'NGINHI-RING A 1RCHNO1,(X|Y
I ’I PAR IMI N I ( >1 III (I RK’AI X I I I ( I RGNK ’ I NGIN1 I RING
I od 4 I erm II II Sc I ttgincering l imil I xnminiition, 2021
Suh KKE-4NI (Powrr Station')
I nil Minks • l<>
I nue 1 Homs
the figures in thr right margin uulu ate lull marks Answer any three questions /mm rath
section I’se yc/^uale wi/il for each section
HECTION - A
Explain why electrical energy in preferred over other forms of energy.
1°
1(h) What do you understand by loud curve and what information are conveyed
by a load curve? Explain how load curves help in tire selection of size and
number of generating units.
15
A power station has to meet the following demand:
Consumer 1 Consumer 2 Consumer 3
Time
No load
8
midnight
to
AM
No load
200 W
12
(»00 W
200 W
8 AM to 2 PM
No load
1200 W
2 PM to 4 PM
200 W
1000 W
4 PM to 10 PM
No load
No load
800 W
10 PM to 12 midnight
200 W
W
No load
200
Plot the load curve and find (i) maximum demand of individual consumer,
(ii) load factor of individual consumer, (iii) diversity factor and (iv) load
factor of the station.
10
1(a)
l.(c)
2. (a) Sketch and explain the typical structure of a horizontally integrated electric 10
utility.
2.(b) Describe planning, short-term scheduling and activities in real-time in
power system operation.
2.(c)
10
15
A power station has a daily load cycle as under 260 MW for 6 hours, 200 MW for 8 hours, 160 MW for 4 hours, 100 MW
for 6 hours. If the power station has 4 set of units 75 MW each, find (i) daily
load factor (ii) plant capacity factor (iii) daily requirement if the calorific
value of oil used were 10,000 kcal/kg and average heat rate of the station
were 2860 kcal /kWh.
Briefly explain the process of deriving the overall input-output curve of a 12
steam station from its major curves and then find the station incremental
rate.
3.(b) What do you understand by the term deregulation of electricity supply 10
industry? Explain in your own words with proper example.
3 . (a)
3.(c)
Consider a system with two generating units serving a total load of 700 13
MW. The generator cost characteristics is arf + hiP, + C(. The operating
limits and other parameters arc as follows:
•
Unit-1
Unit-2
50 MW
100 MW
Emin
500 MW
250 MW
Cniu
h
3.4S/MW2 h
M/MW2
b
B.5$/MWh
25.5$/MWh
c
5$/h
9$/h
Rind the optimal generation schedule, price and operating cost if the total
system cost is to be minimum without violating the limit.
—
Distinguish between economic load dispatch (ELD) and unit commitment
(UC).
10
Jh(O) Six alternating plans of supplying energy for a given circumstance arc given
25
4 . (a)
below:
Coild
P2
cs CamScanner
Ml -481
j Investment
$ 50
$ 36
$ 100
$ 27
n
$ 150
$ 20
$ 200
$ 250
$ 300
$ 15
$ 12
$ 10
| Plant
A
B
C
D
E
F
i)
Find an optimum plan for a fixed charge rate of 10%, 5%, and 15%.
ii)
Compare Ihe total annual costs for the case (i) and discuss.
iiij Assuming that the operating costs are 20% greater than given, find
the optimum plan at a fixed charge rate of 10%.
l
O/M Costs
SECTION - B
5 . (a) Briefly explain the electricity pricing. Why is this very important for 10
electricity market?
5.(b)
Analyze the electricity tariff of Bangladesh with proper example.
13
<5rfC) A supply company offers the following alternate tariffs for supply to a
12
6 . (a)
12
factory:
i)
H.V supply at BDT 70 per kVA per annum plus BDT 0.30 per kWh.
L.V supply at BDT 65 per kVA per annum plus BDT 0.40 per kWh.
ii)
The cost for ancillary services for H.V supply is BDT 50 per kVA and losses
are 2%. The annual fixed charges on the capital cost of H.V plants arc 1 5%.
If the factory runs for 6 hours a day, find the number of days above which
the factory should be run so that the H.V supply is cheaper.
What factors are considered in selecting the prime mover and location of
hydroelectric power plant?
6 .(b) State the functions of a dam in hydroelectric plant. How are dams 14
classified? Briefly describe, how would you select the site and the type of
dam.
6 .(c)
Water for a hydroelectric station is obtained from a reservoir with a head 09
of 100 meters. Calculate the electrical energy generated per hour per m3 of
water if the hydraulic efficiency be 0.86 and electrical efficiency 0.92.
7 . (a)
Write short notes on the followings:
Mass defect and binding energy
i)
Radioisotopes
ii)
10
7 . (b)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plant? Write
down your opinion regarding the feasibility of nuclear power plant in
15
Bangladesh.
if it takes 30 days to use up 2
7^ What is the power output of a 92O235isreactor
200 MeV and Avogadro’s number is
kg of fuel? Energy released/fission
10
6.023 x 1026 per kilomole.
13
Draw and explain the basic schematic arrangement of a steam power plant.
How can you choose site for a steam power plant?
8 .(b) Compare the features of Hydro, steam, and nuclear power plant (NPP).
process of 13
8.(c) Discuss “gaseous diffusion” and “electromagnetic separation
equations.
uranium enrichment with necessary figures and
8 . (a)
CamScanner
Chittagong University of Engineering anil t echnology
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Level 4, Tenn II. Exiunination, 2018-10
COURSE rm B
COURSE NO.
l*owvr Station
; REE 481
: 210
EUI I MARKS
UME
I HOURS
Ihe figures in the right margin indicate full marks
section.
Answer any THREE questions from each
SliCTION-A
1(a).
1(b).
1(c).
Explain the possible energy sources that can mitigate the piesunt power ci ista in Unngladesh.
What me factors of oil dependency? I xplain the advantages and disadvantages of I lydrogen fuel cells
A thermal power plant consists of four circuits, l ists down those jircipt!j and draw ti^schcmatic
anangctncnFof"equipment of a steam power station by indicating (he main four circuits Also lists
10
10
15
'Wn the characteristics of steam power plant
2(a).
2(b).
Describe the function of an economizer and air pre-heater in a thermal power plant. Explain how much
heat energy is recovered by economizer and air pre-heater.
What are the harmful effects caused by using impure water in boilers? Describe the various methods of
10
12
purifying feed water. Also explain the term make up water of boiler and how this water is fed into
J
Vk \
C*(di
V
boiler.
/ '
Why overall efficiency of a steam power plant is low? The overall thermal efficiency of a 1260 MW
(T3.
turbo alternator is 50%. If the load factor of the power station is 50% and coal burnt has a calorific vale
of 6800 kcal, determine (i) Coal consumption pct kWh, (ii) Coal consumption per day.
3(a).
What are the essential features of a hydroelectric power plant? Name the different types of
15
hydroelectric power plant and explain the operation of the pumped storage hydro power plant What are
the advantages of pumped storage hydro plant?
3(b).
Determine the firm capacity of a run-of-river hydro power plant to be used as 9 hours peaking plant
assuming daily flow river to be constant at 16
3(c).
10
m’/scc.
Calculate the average power in kW that can be generated in a hydro-electric project from the following
10
data
Catchment area
SkIO”1 m3
Mean head ~ 30 m
Annual rain fall
1.25 m
Yield factor = 78% •
«
.
Overall efficiency 72%
/ If the load factor is 40%, what arc the ratings of generators installed?
4(a).
What factors determine the choice of nucledf fuel? Explain briefly why the elements regarding higher
13
mass number are suitable for fission
4(b).
Lists the name of generation IV nuclear reactor and explain the operation of pressurized water reactor
12
(PWR) and CANDU reactor.
4(c).
What is nuclear fuel? What types of emission emit from the nuclear power plant? Explain.
10
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SECT1ON-B
10
of a p<
P
What is power plant economics? Explain the fixed cost and operating cost
the po
What are the objectives of power system reform? With neat diagram, explain
5(a).
5(b).
10
indicating generation, transmission and distribution authorities.
15
5(c).
Time (H)
6-8
8-12
12-16
16-20
20-24
24-6
Load (GW)
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.02
0.05
0.02
Plot the load curve.
ii.
Calculate energy generated per day
iii.
Calculate load factor, capacity andc lacity factor..* I
A power station is to feed four regions of load whose peak loads are 10, 5, 14, and 6 MW respectively.
10
The diversity factor of the station is 1.3 and the average annual load factor is 60%. Determine the
'
following:
1
l
Maximum demand, of the station.
ii.
Annual energy supplied by the station.
iii.
Suggest the installed capacity.
What is economic load dispatch? Obtain thejconditionfor optimal load shanng\in a power system with
6(b).
n generation plants.
What is system incremental cost? Discuss the significance of the Lagrangian multipliers for
6(c).
(i)
10
Supply demand-balance
(ii) Generation lower limit
(iii) Generation upper limit.
(a).
What is depreciation?
05
7(b).
Consider a system with two generating station serving a total system load of 700 MW. The generator
17
cost characteristic is a,pi2 + b,P, + Ci where the symbols have their usual meaning. The operating limits
and cost coefficients are given in the following table.
Tabic: Generation Characteristics
Generating Station i=l
Generation Station i--2
100 MW
50 MW
500 MW
250 MW
a
1.25 S/MW2h
3.40 $/MWJh
b
9.48 $/MWh
27.67 $/MWh
t:
7.50 $/h
7.85 $/h
p
1 min
Find the optimal generation schedule, price, and operation cost if the total system cost is to be
minimum and without violating any limit constraint.
7(c).
“The minimum fuel cost is obtained when the incremental fuel cost of each station multiplied by its
jyenalty factor is the same for all the stations in the system”
13
justify the statement.
8(a).
What do you mean by capacity reserve and spinning reserve? What are the factors of selection capacity
09
8(b).
reserve? Why spinning reserve is important for UC?
Discuss briefly the importance of spinning reserve requirements in the solution of unit commitment
08
problem with example.
8(c).
The input output curve of a'20 MW generation station is defined by 1 = 30 + 0.5L h '0.651/; where 1 is
10
Millions BTIJ/hour and L is in Megawatts. Find the average rate of this station when it was operating at
a load of 20 MW for 12 hours and kept not a zero load for the remaining hours of the day (Compare
this average heat rate that would obtain if the same energy were produced for the day at constant 24
hours).
8(d).
Discuss electricity tariff setting policy and how this differ from region to region
—
-THE END
08
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CIUIT WONG DNB IHSIIA Ob' I NGINV ERING AND TbX IINOLOGY
ll.Sc. ENGINEERING I EVI 1 IV I ERM-II EXAMINATION ’201«
IWARTMBNI
EVI I TITLE OF PAPER
WURM NO
EVI I MARKS
IIME
I l EC I RK Al AND 1 1 IX TRONIC ENGINEERING
; Power Stations
ERB 481
: 210
I HOURS
Indicate full marks
FW /^c**** in <A*
section Csv a se;\irate script for each section
Answer any Til KM questions from each
Scetion-.A
What is power plant? Write down the duties and responsibilities of a power plant
engineer
Q.l(b) Explain how pliysical quality of lite can be described by the per capita electricity
consumption?
Q 1(c) Write down the prospects of nomconvcntional sources of energy in Bangladesh.
Q.l(d) Com|xw between the central station and n captive power .station.
Q l(<)
Qs2(b)
What are the desirable characteristics for a steam power plant? How can you ensure
good Rimace condition and loss atmospheric pollution in a steam power plant?
Explain the production ofelectric energy by the steam power plant. State the factors
Q.2(c)
that affect the design of a steam power plant.
Write down the importance of feed water treatment in a steam power plant.
QAa)
10
10
10
05
10
15
10
What are the factors to be considered in case of selecting the site for a diesel engine
power plant? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of diesel power plant.
'0.3(b) Describe the effects of variation of load on hydroelectric power plant and also discuss
how a Pelton turbine governs with this variation.
10
Q3(a)
.
10
-
15
0.3(c) The following is supplied for a hydropower plant:
Catchment area 2200 sq. km
Annual average rainfall = 1 50 cm
Available head » 130 m,
Turbine efficiency 0.86
Generator efficiency 0.91
Percolation and evaporation losses = 1 8%
Determine:
i)
Power developed in kW taking load factor as unity,
ii)
Suggest the type of turbine to be used if the speed of the runner is to be
maintained below 260 r.p.m
0.4(a)
Q4(b)
Q.4(c)
Discuss the safety measures and economics of nuclear power plant.
What are the different types of reactor commonly used in the nuclear station? Describe
; "\
the operation of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).
ic power at an efficiency of\40% ^nd develop an
A power station driven-by-a
average power o 600 kW daily/^Detcrminc how much U2JS would be consumed
annually if each atoii
tOfTreleoses 200 MeV. Consider plant utilization factor
95%.
e
10
12
13
I i«j
0- £
Section-B
Q-5(a)
Write down the significances loads cuivc in power generation. Distinguish between the
load curve and load duration curve.
Q.5(b) Explain straight-line method and sinking fund method to calculate depreciation.
—
K WmKX,
10
12
k
„ Xep
’
K]
-
..
~
1
.. ,
-* A\W OZjo pno, p
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anner
—
station
ofr^.mnower
oaWt |
The annua! load durat.on curvemeet this a *>,
line from 20MW to 4MU To c mW zirc
. tn
i
•
j
j
a«
f”
factor.
of the
Write down the advantages
can be considered^(Wi)
installed
i) iiMtuii’ • c n
ruiHmiina ij
Ddcniiinv
(
,
(
h
(v)
kMd
01
interconnected gi id system
imposed on different types of iism
IO
in Bangladesh.
cost of electricity production.
of
Qdfc) List the criteria to reduce lite
15,60,000 mid has n snlvuge value
DDT
costs
station
power
Wdi The equipment in aend of 25 years. Determine the depreciated value of the ei|tnpmonl
BDT 60,000 at the
following methods:
at the end of 20 years on the
• Straight line method
01
• Sinking fund method at 5%
fixed cost and operating cost of a power
What is power plant economics? Explain the
10
Q.6(a)
Q*(b) Describe the complete scenario
of dccincity tariff
• Diminishing value method compound interest annually.
Q7(a)
station.
Q.7(b)
25
plant to serve a given energy
A study is being made to determine the economic diesel
life
each of which is assumed to
of
consideration,
the
demand. Three plants are under
and depreciation cost a total
taxes,
6%;
insurance
be 15 years. The cost of money use is
of 8.51% of the investment Other costs arc as in Table 7(b)
Plant A
1,520,000
Investment (Tk.)
Annual fuel cost (Tk.)
Annual operating labor (Tk.)
Annual maintenance (Tk. )
Annual supplies (Tk.)
Annua! operating taxes (Tk )
183,000
88,000
25,000
10,000
3,000
Plant B
1,610,000
155,000
88,000
21,000
10,000
3,000
Plant C
1,790,000
138,000
88,000
10,000
10,000
3,000
Q.S(a)
Show that the plant capacity factor is an indication of the reserve capacity of the
plant.
QM) Explain how economical load division is obtained between the
two alternators of II
power station.
Q-8(c) An input-output curve of a 100 MW station is expressed
by the
1=
i)
ii)
10*^180
formula
+ 10Z. +
0.0012?)
IO
IO
15
Where 2 is the Btu per hour, and L is in
Find the load at which the maximum efficiency MW.
occurs without plotting any
curves.
Plot the heat-rate and thermal efficiency curves.
THE END
k
where I is
|0
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CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
B.Sc. ENGINEERING LEVEL-IV TERM-II, FINAL EXAMINATION '2017
: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
: Power Stations
DEPARTMENT
FULL TITLE OF PAPER
COURSE NO.
FULL MARKS
TIME
: EEE48I
: 210
; 3 HOURS
Answer any THREE questions from each
The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.
section
each
for
script
section. Use separate
Section-A
Analyze all the possible energy resources that can mitigate the present power
crisis in Bangladesh.
15
(b) Explain how physical quality of life can be described by the per capita
electricity consumption.
(c) Draw the power sector structure in Bangladesh compare between conventional
and non-conventional sources of energy.
Q2(a) Explain the working principle of steam power plant with layout.
10
Q.l(a)
10
12
(b)
Discuss the various steps of coal handling process.
08
(c)
Write down the ^importance offeed water treatment in steam power plant.
The overall thermal efficiency of a 40MW turbo alternator is 30% of the load
factor of the power station is 50% and coal burst has a calorific value of 6800
Kcal, determine the following:
07
(d)
08
FGnif «>>
t<
t-
i) Coal consumption per KWh ii) coal consumption per day
Q3(a) Sketch the layout of hydroelectric power plant and explain the function of
12
each component.
(b) State explain the instruments used to measure pressure, temperature and steam
12
flow in power station.
(c)
Q.4(a)
Calculate the average power in K'V that can be generated in a hydroelectric
project from the following data; Catchment area= 5*109 m2; Mean head
=30m; annual rainfall “1.25m; Yield factor=80%; Overall efficiency= 70%. If
the load factor is 40%, what is the rating of generators installed?
10
Explain the principle of operation of a nuclear power plant.
15
What is meant by Uranium enrichment? Describe any two methods of
Uranium enrichment.
(c) What are the various factors to be considered while selecting the site for diesel
engine power plant? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the diesel
power plant.
Section-B
Q.5(a) Explain the terms load factor and diversity factor. How do these factors
(b)
10
10
08
influence the cost of generation?
(b)
What is load duration curve and what are the advantages and disadvantages of
load duration curve over load curve.
07
(c)
A power station has the following daily load cycle:
15
Time (hrs)
6-8
8-12
12-16
16-20
20-24
24-6
Load (MW)
20
40
60
20
50
20
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Plot the load curve and load duration curve.
Calculate the energy generated per day.
Calculate the load factor.
Calculate the capacity of the plant and plant capacity factor.
k
PZ lirejsuoo w Xep atp joj paanpojd ojom XSjaua auras atp ji uimqo ppoM )vtp bjbj inai| aSwAn sitp
aradtuoj) Xnp aip jo sjnoq Suiureuiaj atp joj pvoj ojaz b jou tdo?j ptre smoq 31 joj
0ZJ° PboI B
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nnected grid
I-”-*-
a™ ««
(d)
05
system with short
10
Write down the complete description
Q6(«)
rate. Hopkmson demand rale,
Wright demand rate.
Doherty rate and Wngn
15
(b) A wright rate is quoted as follows:
a 6
P
The first 50 hr use of maximum demand
4 ce pc
at
demand
maximum
of
use
ii) The next 50 hr
iii) The next 100 hr use of maximum demand at 3 cents Jx.r
iv) The next 200 hr use of maximum demand at 2 cents pc
v) AU energy in excess of forgoing blocks at 1 cent per KWhr.
w
•
432,000
1) Compute the bill for a monthly energy consumption of
KWhr with a maximum load of 1800 kW. Compute the unit energy
cost corresponding
2) Find the lowest possible bill for this energy consumption and the
corresponding unit energy cost for a 30 day month.
(c)
•
Define depreciation Explain the factors those influence the depreciation of
capital investment.
10
When the total annual cost becomes a minimum? Describe with necessary
figures of different types of annual costs with respect to investment.
10
<h) .Write a short note on capacity probability analysis.
<C>
05
inpul outPut curve defined by
01Li wfccre’ 1 is in millions of Btu per hour
and L is in
lnCreasc ‘n input re<luircd to
increase the station output from 7
n
By means of the input-output curve
and also by incremental rate
311
m Q
10
wu~ '
(d)
COndi“ons for rain™um combined input for a given
2^^
arbitrary values.
°nC Uni,?
assuming
ExP,ai"
combined
necessary fig
"Cs
10
Q.8(a)
10
W
explain the fixed costs and
operating costs of a power station.
A system has the units of capacity
scheduling for the system.
'
shown in T=>r>i- m cl
'
' Show ,he
capacity
Q7
12
Table-01
THE END
8(c).
The input output curve of a 20 \TA’ generation station is defined byI= 30 + 0.5L + 0.651?; where I is
10
Millions RTl 'hour and L is in Megawatts Find the average rate of this station when it was operating at
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itchnoTo™
1
1
4
™™ei-rIN0
rInn Examination, 20 1 7
tu,
Sub i-i.i
(Power
ll.^RI
Full Maiks; 210
Siatians)
.„
"•pr « «, r(8fc
Time: 3 Hours
Anwer any three qwstions from
each
SECTION - A
I (a) What is power plant? Draw the main parts of
a power system from P
power 36
generating station to consumer end
llbl Wnte down the activities of research and development in the energy sector 10
Discuss the power sector structure in Bangladesh
l.(c) Explain the challenges of conventional sources of energy and prospects of 14
non-conventional sources of energy
l (d| Compare between public and private power generating plant.
05
2,(a) Describe the operation of a multi stage steam turbine with appropriate
pressure and velocity diagram.
0
2.(b) Explain fuel pulverization. Describe the environmental impact of thermal
power plant.
,2
2.|c) In a steam power station, the coal consumption is 0 4 kg per kWh output.
If the calorific value of coal is 6800 kcal per kg, boiler efficiency is 70% and
mechanical and electncal efficiency of alternator is QO0/^ prepare roughly
the heat balance sheet for the power station.
13
3 (a) Classify different types of hydro power plant "Bangladesh is a land of river 19
but we can't install so many hydro power plant in our country” - Why?
Explain.
3.(b) What factors are considered in selecting a prime mover for hydroelectric 13
power plant?
3.(c) Calculate the average power in kW that can be generated in a hydroelectric
project from the following data:
Catchment area= 5xl09m‘; Mean head3 30/n, Annual rainfall^
1
’
1.25m;
Yield factor3 80%; Overall efficiency3 70%,
4.(a)
What factors determine the choice of nuclear fuel? Explain briefly why the 13
elements regarding higher mass number arc suitable for fission.
4(b) What are the different types of reactors commonly used in nuclear power
stations? Describe the operation of pressurized water reactor (PWR).
4 (c)
12
A power station driven by atomic power at an efficiency of 40% and develop 12
an average power of 1600 kW daily (24H). Determine how much U~
would be consumed annually if each atom on fission releases 200 MeV. >
Consider plant utilization factor 95%.
\
SECTION - B
*
5.(a) What is load duration curve? What is the importance of load curve in power
generation? Describe how load curve is constructed?
10
5 (b) Describe a method to determine the variation in demand of a power plant.
10
5.(c) For a power station the yearly load duration curve is a straight line from
30,000 to 4000 kW. To meet the load, three turbo generators arc installed
The capacities of two generators are 15,000 kW each and third is rated
15
Could
k
P/?
is defined by
hC
hour and L in MW'
BWM
I
million
and was
in
is
I
2hr
1
where
for
1
MW
1 ^5+().5L+O.0 1
al a load of 20
pc
was
it
day when
d heat laic
he;U
heat rate of this station for a
A
I
_4hr load >. .
at consianl
kept hot al ’zero load lor the
ptoduce
whue
energy
that would obtain if the same
.
factor
load
(00 percent
rale.
•-
**•T"
remaining -
r
ti MW venerating station
*
T*'
-
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5000 kW Determine
i| Load factor
ii) Capacity factor
ihr
ui) Plant factor
iv) Maximum demand
6.|a) Prove that the load factor
diversity of load.
„„ „ improw1 increamng the
, is Ullr
of a power station
.0
6(b) Write down the desirable characteristics
6(c) A
rate is
of a
(»8
,0
Next 40 kWhrat 6 cents/kM.r
Next 50 kWhrat 4 cents/kWhr
Next 100 kWhr at 3
Excess over Next 200 kWhrat 2
for comp
Compute the total bills and average unit cost
150, and 300 kWhr
B of a power (17
6.(d) The incremental fuel costs for two generating units A and
plant tire given by the following equations.
cents/mr^
dFAjdPA 0.06^ + 11.4
Where P is in MW and F is in Tk. per hour. Find
i) The economic loading of the two units whi i the total load to be
supplied by the power station is 150 MW.
ii) The loss in fuel cost per hour if load is equally shared by the two
units
7 (a) Define depreciation Explain the factors those influence
the depreciation of
Capital equipment.
0
7 (b) Define total annual cost Which costa arc
included to it? Describe cost of
money use. Show four different schedules of total year
end payments for a
loan of 1,00,000 Tk., an interest rate of 4% and for
period of 5 year and
the
make
3
a comparison.
7 (c) Derive the conditions to achieve
best economy in load sharing between base
load and peak load power plant.
2
8.(a) Explain how economical load
division is obtained between the two O
alternators of a power station.
8 (b) Prom incremental rates of units A and
B and their combined incremental- .5
rate curve, calculate a load division schedule for total MW,
2
4 MW, 6 MW,
8 MW, 10 MW, 12 MW. 14 MW and from these draw
unit load curves for
load division schedule of units A and B.
8.(c) The input-output curve of a 20 MW
generating station
is defined by
/ =30 + 0.5/. + 0.65Z?
Where I is in millions of Btu per hour and L is
average heat rate of this situation for a day when it in megawatts. Find the
was operating at a load
of 20 MW for 12 hr and was kept hot
at zero load for the remaining 12 hr
Compare this average heat rate with the heat
rate that would obtained if
the same energy were produced for the day
at a constant 24-hr load.
0
/ = 30 + 0.5L + 0.65//
where I is millions of Btu per hour and L is in megawatts. Find the average rate of this
station for a day when it was operating at a load of 20 MW for 12 hour and was kept hot al
zero loads for the remaining 12 hour. Compare this average heat rate that would obtain if
the same energy were produced for the day at a constant 24 hour load.
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gm noewrrxojxf sue>m
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mid lechnolugy (till)
Chittagong University ol I ngmeeriug
I nginrei ing
Department of Electrieul and I lev trunk
I
immnmimi 201I 14
Imai
Engineering
(10-Batch) B.Sc.
Level-4 Term-11
Full Title of the gaper
Course no.
Full marks
Time
Date
; Powet Station*
: IFF48I
: 210
j 03 Hours
: IN-June-2015
Its tlmmnjJmiuhLuwtH'ii indicate
full nwiku timwi any lluuw gwmlom mini sauh umihii
>‘■‘1101! A
thermal uml oonslruinls briolb
Q iink What is unit commitment? Describe the
station and dUHcrlhe the (idummlk flo •
1(b). Classify the types of steam generator used in power
HI
II
diagram of a modern water tube steam generaloi
Describe the various methods used to control the degree of super heal. Write the advMiimg<
gained by using super-heat sy stem.
0^1 Discuss the factors which should be considered while selecting a site lot u coal powei plum
Explain with a neat diagram the operation of pumped storage power plant
10
M
What is meant by Uranium enrichment? Describe gas centrifuging method ol
Uranium
enrichment.
Explain with a neat sketch the principle of operation of a Pelton lurhine and deduce the ratio
between the peripheral velocity of the runner and the velocity of the jet for iiilaimiig
1.5
maximum
efficiency.
b
Explain w-ith a neat sketch the governing principle of an impulse lurhine.
12
The following data refers to a proposed hy droelectric power plain:
10
-
Available head = 27m
Penstock efficiency 45%
Turbine efficiency 80%
Catchment area = 430 sq-km
Rainfall = 150 cm year
Percentage of total rainfall utilized = 659 o
’ Generator efficiency - 86%
! I oad factor - 0.45
i)
Calculate the power developed
i«)
Suggest suitable turbines for the plant.
Discuss the safety measures in nuclear power plant.
What are different types of reactors
neat diagram the operation of
A nuclear power plant is
It)
commonly used in nuclear power
pressurized water reactor.
stations? Describe with
operated continually
for one year producing 500
MW. I he reactor
contained 75 tons of 3% enriched
Uranium dioxide fuel (UOy).
Assume the power plant
efficiency to be 33%, calculate
the mass of U-235 consumed
ii)
the fuel bum-up in
What is depreciation?
13
11
k5
m kg and
MWd'tonne
Section
-B
Describe the factors influence the
depreciation of capital
equipment
economic diesel plant to sen e a
Three plants are under
given
energy demand
consideration, the life of each
of which is assumed
of money is 6%, taxes
to be 20 years I he cost
and insurance cost a
total 5% of investment
Other costs are as in I able
5ibY
A study is being made
to determine the
N
2t
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^20.000.00
Investment
Annual lubrication cost
.Annual labor cost
।
.
Annual maintenance cost
..
Determine to
nnnunl costsincrement investment
basis o
»"
Determine me optimal plan cn the basts
em
5(a).
12.^
'To®o"
me
Determine the optimal plan on
iii)
2 1 .000.00
'27)00^0
12.000-00
.Annual fuel cost
i)
T^OOO.OO
of added juso^
io
6(b).
arrive at a suitable reserve capacity?
Write the advantages and disadvantages of interconnected grid system.
6(c).
The incremental fuel costs for two generating units A and B of a power plant arc given
10
by
15
following equations:
dFA
+ 11.4
=
dPA 0.06PA
dFB
di^ 007^'0
where. P is in MW and F is in Tk. Per hour.
i)
Find the economic loading of the two units
power station is 1 50 MW.
!>)
Find the los in fuel cost per hour if load is
Show that, for minimum combmed input
input-output curves for each unit must be
Derive the equation to calculate the
incremental rates.
An input-output curve of a 1 0M W
when the total load to be supplied by the
equally shared by the two units.
to carry a given combined output,
equal.
station incremental rate from the
the slopes of the
individual equipment
F
station is expressed as follows:
/ = 106(10 + 8L + 0.4L2)
where. / is in kCal/hour and L is in MW.
Without plotting any curve find the load at which the
maximum efficiency occurs.
ilSfsL What do you understand by tariff? Discuss the objectives
of
Sib).
Show that the plant capacity factor is an indication of the
tariff.
reserve capacity of the plant
10
A power station has to .- apply load as follows:
: Time (hours)
0-6
Load (MW)
30
T
90
6-12
“1
।
Draw the load duration curve.
12-14
14-IR
60
100
ii)
Select suitable generating units to supply the load
>ii)
Calculate the load factor.
iv)
Calculate the capacity of the plant and plant capacity factor.
18-24
1
50
THE END
Page 2 of 2
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Department ot HccU'mi *
1
,)() b
.
B.&.
course nn v
; m*' Swnws
TIME
{
COURSE NCk
HU MARKS
'
IW.^w
„
; FEE 481
t «10
3 HOURS
A,
WCV* i \v sqWlW
AkA ,'VvrioH
"W£
Sect ion- A
15
What « powr station ' Dm the schematic diaptam of n modem stenm power station
and explain its operation.
10
Ubl Explain w\x the overall efficiency of a steam power plant is very low.
l(ck
A stieMl engine power plant has one *00 kW and tov 500 kW generating units. The
trad consumption is 0«S kWh and the calorific value of fuel oil is 10200 kcal/kg.
Estimate
10
0 IK- hid nil required for a month of 30 days and
iO Overall efficiency
I'iant capacity feetor 40K.
A*k I ts: the haste re^urets of llanglntlesh lor power generation. Which one is used as a
12
hb>- Draw an explanatory line diagram of an ash handling system employed in steam
13
2\ci What are the different types of pulverising mills'? Explain with its neat sketch.
10
Describe the various selection factors of hydraulic turbine in hydro plants.
10
major resouree of power generation? State reason.
power plant and also explain the difficulties encountered in handling of ash in a
thermal power station
X»X
Xb\ Explain the principle of operation of pumped storage plant. How does it help to take
13
\cV The available discharge for a hyvitv-clcctric power plant is 320 m Vsec under a head
12
up stxkien peak loads in a power system ?
of 2S "X-.C: The turbine ettkieney is 'X?''1- and the generator is directly coupled to the
turbine. The frequency of generation is 50 cycles/scc and number of poles used is 26.
Find the number of machines required w hen
i) \ Francis tutbine is used with a specific speed of 2S0.
ii) A Kaplan turbine with a specific speed of 500 is used.
\ak Derive the energy equtvajenct equation and explain the term “mass defect” and its
10
sigrafkance.
*>1 « LVscr.be the wring of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) in nuclear power plant and
15
An anorak power reactor can deliver 300 kW. Calculate the mass of uranium
.
fisssoned per hour Assume energy released per fission is 200 MeV.
10
differentiate it widt pressirired water reactor.
4yc\
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’
SectiwkB
,,
» tod durum «rv«?
« the
how
Describe
load
curve is consinh ted
;cner»uon°
tunt
,„
1}
understand by food factor and capacity factor' When are the*
What do
numerically equal'?
5(c). A P0^ ^00
'
10 suPP'y l<*d as follows:
lime (hours)
|Load (MW) I
>
10
o
SO
Q
?
'
I 90 I <0
.| .
<
S
?l
106 | $0 |
i) Draw the load curve
ii) Draw the load duration curve
iii) Select the suitable generating units to supply the toad
iv) Calculate the load (actor
v) Calculate the capacity ofthc plant and Ihc plant cap th factw
6(a). Explain what you understand by base load and peaking
.ul W hy are base load
10
plants loaded heavily?
6(b). Explain in detail why the load on a power station is variab and what an the effects
of this on the operation of Ihc power station
6(c).
What do you understand by the present worth concept ’ How it is coimaicd
7(a).
Explain the principle of economic w hcdulmg
7(b). Show that for two units running in parallel, the combined energy input will be
minimum if the incremental haul rate ol unit I i equal to that of unit
10
The incremental fuel cost ol two generating units A and it of a power station arc
15
.
7(c).
given by the following expressions
=^-0.01/’, +2.25
dF,
* -0.015^+1.5
dP,
.
Where F is in taka per hour mid /’ is in MW Determine incremental fuel cost and
loading schedule for minimum cost if the toiul loud to he supplied is to be 50 MW.
175 MW and 200 MW, Both units opctalt al nil lunes and maximum and minimum
loud on each unit Is to be 100 MW mid 1 5 MW ics|K\tivcE
8(a).
What is meant by energy (nrllP Explain the significance of power factor tariff.
10
8(b)
What aie the elements which contribute to the cost of electricity? How can the cost
for power generation be reduced?
12
8(c).
A supply company oilers the following alternate tariffs for supply to n factory:
13
I) II V supply al Ik /0 p« kVA per annum plus Ik 0 01 pci kWh
II) L.V. supply at Ik 65 pci kVA pci annum plus Ik. 0 004 pct kWh
The cost of transformers and switchgears lor II V. supply is Tk. 50 per kVA and lull
transformation losses are 2% Ihc annual fixed charges on the capital cost of II V
plant are 15% If the Imimy runs lor b hours a day. Ilnd the number of days above
which ihc factory should be run w that the 1 1 V supply is cheaper
V
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Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Level-4 Term-2 (09-batch) BSc. Engineering Final Examination 2012-13
: Power Station
/Full Title of the paper
EEE-481
no.
Course
Full marks
210
3 Hours
Time
21-August-2014
Date
The figures in the right margin indicate
Qj(a),
1(b)-
1(c).
full marks. Answer any three questions from each section.
Section-A
Explain the all possible energy sources that can mitigate the present power crisis in
.
Bangladesh.
.
Describe the function of anleconomTzcr and air pre-heate^ in a thermal power plant. Explain
how much heat energy is recovered by economizer ancTSir^preheaters.
Describe the operation of a multi-stage steam turbine with appropriate pressure and velocity
10
13
12
diagram.
p,2(a).
What are the applications of electrostatic precipator in a coal power plant? Describe how it
H)
removes dust or other particles from flue gases.
2(b).
2(c).
2(<1).
Q3(a).
Describe the various factors which determine the location of a steam power plant.
What are the advantages of hydro power plant over thermo power plant?
The overall thermal efficiency of a 40 MW turbo alternator is 80%. If the load factor of the
power plant is 50% and coal burnt has a calorific values of 6800 kCal, determine the
following:
i)
Coal consumption per kWh.
ii)
Coal consumption per day.
Classify different types of hydro power plant. "Bangladesh is a land of river hut we can 't
JO
05
10
08
install so many hydro power plants in our country"- why, explain.
3(b).
Derive the classical transfer function of a hydraulic turbine and show that the turbine output
15
power changes in response to a change in gate opening for an ideal lossless turbine is:
1 ~ Tw*
bG
"
1 + ±Tws
where the symbols have their usual meanings.
3(c).
Calculate the average power in kW that can be generated in a hydro-electric project from
12
the following data.
Catchment area = 5 x 109 m2, Mean head = 30 m
Annual rainfall = 1.25m, Yield factor = 78%
Overall efficiency = 72%.
If the load factor is 40%, what are the ratings of generators installed?
k
04(a).
What factors determine the choice of nuclear fuel? Write the name of some fissile and
.10
fertile nuclear fuel. Explain why the elements regarding higher mass number are suitable
for fission?
4fbh
What are the difficulties stands in the way of commercial development of fusion
07
technology?
4(c)-
What is a chain reaction? How it is controlled?
08
4(d)-
Calculate the number of atoms of U-235 that must be fissioned per second to produce a
thermal power of 2500 MW. Determine the mass of U-235 necessary to produce 2500
MWd of thermal energy. Assume energy is released per fission of U-235 is 200 MeV.
10
/
\
—
Page 1 of 2
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—
--
.
1
diversity fade
cun'
Describe how load load
facto
Explain the terms
of generation.
the y
For a power station
")
iii)
"
“■
-
. load duration curv
turbogenerators are ^stal
Ca^ckyfactor or plant factor.
t0 W()
hne from
^
capacities
foilowing:
ors
Maximum demand.
pan
Differentiate between two
scenario of electri .
0.6(h)-
Describe the complete
6(b).
as follows:
_
A wright demand rate is quoted
of
per kWh
For energy purchased monthly, the equivalent
kWh6 Tk. Per
The first 50 hr use of maximum demand at
i)
kW
er
TkJ
4
at
The next 50 hr use of maximum demand
ii)
K vvn.
Ker
k.
1
3
at
The next 1 00 hr use of maximum demand
iii)
Wit.
k
Per
Tk.
2
at
demand
The next 200 hr use of maximum
iv)
kWh.
Per
Tk.
1
at
All energy in excess of foregoing
v)
6(c).
Calculate:
The monthly bill for energy consumption of 432,000 kWh with a maximum
i)
demand of 1600 kW.
Find the lowest possible bill for this energy consumption.
ii)
Calculate annual bill of a consumer whose maximum demand is 100 kW, power factor =
0.8 (lagging) and load factor = 60%. The tariff used is Tk. 75.00 per kVA of maximum
demand plus 15 paisa per kWh.
6(d).
09
Define depreciation. Explain the factors those influence the depreciation of capital
equipment.
It is proposed to supply a load with a maximum demand of 100 MW and load factor of
40%. Choice is to be made from Nuclear power plant, Hydro power plant and Steam power
plant. Calculate the overall cost per kW for each scheme of case (see the Table: 1 )
Ifbl
i
Cost
Nuclear power plant
Hydro power plant
Steam power plant
1 installed
Tk. 2500.00
Tk. 1800.00
Tk. 900.00
Interest
5%
5%
5%
4%
6%
6%
4 paisa
2 paisa
7 paisa
0.1 paisa
0.4 paisa
0.1 paisa
1 Capital cost per kw 1
Depreciation
Operating cost per
kWhr
Transmission and
Distribution cost per
kWhr *
10
15
j
Table: 1
KsL
Define power and economics. Explain the fixed costs and operating costs of a power
station.
8(b).
8(c).
8(d).
10
\
Write short notes on capacity scheduling of a power plant.
Discuss about different ways to describe plant performance.
Explain how economical load division is obtained between the two alternators of a power
station.
The input-output curve of a 20 MW generating station is defined by:
/ = 30 + 0.5L + 0.65L2
where 1 is millions of Btu per hour and L is in megawatts. Find the average rate of this
station for a day when it was operating at a load of 20 MW for 12 hour and was kept hot at
zero loads for the remaining 12 hour. Compare this average heat rate that would obtain if
the same energy were produced for the day at a constant 24 hour load.
05
10
10
10
mw
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B.Sc. bngnitvi
Power Station
COURSE TITLE
COURSE NO.
EEE 481
210
FULL marks
TIME
3 HOURS
margin inclicale full
The figures in /he riph/
scrip/ for each seel ion.
men ks. Answer
any
se/wra/e
Section-A
(w
by
Of me can be
w pMc!
W t*
15
.
n,.n„|at|esh economically as well as
electricity
produce
to
‘ k
1(b) Compare the energy sources
cm ironmentally .
in Bangladesh.
1(c)
I xplain the factors that responsible for present electricity crisis
consumption.
2(a)
2(b)
2(c)
3(a)
3(b)
3(c)
4(a)
4(b)
4(c)
What arc the methods used to fire pulverized coal? Slate the advantages
firing.
10
of pulverized
What is electrostatic precipitator? Describe how ii removes dust or other finely divided
particles from Hue gas.
A diesel power station is tosupply power demand of 30kW. II the overall efficiency of ihc
power generating unit is 40%. calculate the following:
i) Amount of diesel oil required per hour.
ii) Electric energy generated per ton of fuel oil. The calorific value of fuel oil is 12000
kcal.'kg.
What factors arc considered in selecting a prime-mover for a hydro-electric power plant?
Describe the operation of reaction turbine and explain that what affects the efficiency of a
reaction turbine on part-load?
The following data is supplied for hydropower plant.
Catchment area: 2200 sq.km. Annual average rain fall: 150 cm. Available head: 130m.
furhinc efficiency: 0.86. Generator efficiency: 0.91. Percolation and evaporation losses:
18%. Determine: i) Power development in kW taking load factor as unity, ii) suggest type of
turbine to be used if the speed of runner is to be maintained below 260 rpm.
What factors determine the choice of nuclear fuel/ explain briefly why the elements
regarding higher mass number arc suitable for fission.
W hat are the different types of reactors commonly used in nuclear power stations? Describe
the operation of pressurized water reactor (PWR).
A power station driven by atomic power at an efficiency of 40% and develop an average
power of 1600 kW daily (2411). Determine how much U‘" would be consumed annually if
I >
I
10
12
I’
13
12
ID
each atom on fission releases 200 MeV. Consider plant uti'ization factor 95%.
Section-B
5(a)
5(b)
What is load duration cunc? What is the importance of load curve
in power generation?
Describe how load curve is constructed?
Show that the incremental heat rate curve crosses the heat
rate curve al lowest value of heal
.3 ().. L (.OIL
10
ID
1
01 a 30 MW
°UJpUt
nation is defined by
T’
. where Y'
I ‘T"million Bill per hour and L is in MW. Find he average 15
CUnc
is in
heat rate of this station for a day when it was operating
at a load of 20 MW for I2hr and was
kept hoi al zero load lor the remaining I2hr. Compare
this average heat rale with heat me
Ihal would obtain if the same energy where produced for the day
at constant 24hr
100 percent load factor.
load' i c‘ it
1
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2IH ।
I
,
.
bill)
given h\ $1
'{Wot m>| will K
Vi
I
;
.
1
is
S“»
taken
‘"V"'
. .
produce
?
",U’"
"“'"'['““‘I'ln u vein.d)"‘“'7
II lln» clidikil. '
5(IO»0ll kWh >l>vi ‘"V**
.wh plan nml
‘
H,|h
1,1
1'500.
the optima" ।
COhl $53000. Determine
fotal annual cost
li).
(ID, Rnte of return method method
(III), justlllahlv investment plmi'
Pivsent worth of wwh
(h )
*
.
economic opcrution
10
6(h)
7(a)
/(h)
7(c)
io
A block meter is quoted us follows:
first lOkWhul Tk.O.Ol per kWh
Next 40k Wh nt Tk. 0.06 per kWh
Nest 50k What I k. 0.04 per kWh
Next 1 00k Wh nt Ik. 0.03 per kWh
.
I xcexs over 200k Wh at I k. 0.02 per kWh
h.
kW
300
and
00
1
50.
ol
computation
( 'ompuie the total hills and average unit cost lor
....
X
comparing the proposed
I he data of the following table hate been assembled in
of I0MW cnpacily each:
Steam plant I Diesel Plant
'i 30
>5'
hie! cost. cents per million BID
$22OO_
$2000
Annual maimenuncc cost
$16000
$1X000
Annual labor cost
$4000'
I $5000
Annual suppliers cost
330
I'nil mMj'llatbm cost per kW
installation
।
I
the loud characteristics have been represented by the following table
I 200
500
I KOO
I lAindthW) ’lOOO
|,6000 | 1660
1000
llrmlnnd j 100
J
\
Plant pert'ormiUKC characteristics are shown in the follow ing table
i Steam
III300000 1 60001 , 1 1 1 0.0041 ?
Disci
| I 1 100000 1 60001. i 2 (> i?-0.
I
’
0007^1?
Where I is in B II 1 per hour and I. is in kW.
n> Al a 11* charge rule of 1 1% which is the economic plant?
b) bind the oil unit fuel cost that will make the proposals cqualh economical.
Till: F.ND
k
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