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Piano Chords: Major, Minor, & More | Pianochord.org Ebook
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PIANOCHORD.ORG EBOOKS B&W VERSION © Pianochord.org No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission from the publisher. Intro Notes & intervals Chord section 1. Major & Minor chords 2. Diminished & Augmented chords 3. Suspended 2nd & 4th chords 4. Added 2nd & 9th chords 5. Major & Minor 6th chords 6. Major & Minor 7th chords 7. Dominant 7th & 9th chords 8. Major & Minor 9th chords 9. Major & Minor 11th chords 10. Major & Minor 13th chords 11. Dominant 11th & 13th chords Number formulas Key and chord charts Chord progressions Chords and scales comparison tables Extra Chord practice Sheet music exercises can be found from https://www.pianochord.org/thepianochordcollection-extra.html Piano songs Sheet music songs with notes and chords can be found from https://www.pianochord.org/thepianochordcollection-extra.html This eBook is a collection of chords for piano. You are presented of diagrams that show the notes in chords in many categories including all the common ones. Thanks for purchasing this eBook! *** Sharps and flats A list with names of notes that may confuse you and what they stand for: • C#: the same as Db • D#: the same as Eb • F#: the same as Gb • G#: the same as Ab • A#: the same as Bb For simplifying matters, Cb, Fb, E#, B# and double accidentals are not used. Intervals Intervals in music describe the distance between two notes. Some of the intervals you will hear about in the presentations of the chords are: second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh and thirteenth. Intervals are used to describe the structure of a scale, not a chord. So, for example, when “the third” is mentioned it is referring to the third degree in the scale, not the third note in the chord. To avoid misunderstanding, this is often mentioned in parentheses. In the section “Chords and scales comparison tables”, the correspondence between scales and chords are illustrated in overviews. Fingerings What the best fingerings are can depend on the size of the hand and also the situation sometimes. However, you should accept the main rules such as to include the thumb for white keys and avoid playing with the thumbs on black keys if not forced. No t e s I n t e r v a l s Af ul l scal epi anoi ncl udesat ot alof88keys, butt her ear eonl yt wel vedi f f er entnot es whi char er epeat edf r om l owt ohi ght ones.I n somecases,t wonot enamesar eused. Thesear ecal l edenhar moni cnot esandhow t heyar ewr i t t endependsont hekeyt hey bel ongt o.Thesymbol s( acci dent al s)ar e knownasshar ps( #)andf l at s( b) . Whenchor dsar eexpl ai nedi ti sof t enr ef er r ed t oi nt er val s.I nt er val si nmusi cdescr i bet he di st ancebet weent wonot esbasedonscal e degr ee.Someoft hecommoni nt er val si nt he cont extofchor dsar et hi r d,f i f t handsevent h. Thedi agr amsbel owcl ar i f yi nt er val swi t ht he Cnot eusedast hest ar t i ngpoi nt . Not es :C-Eb( 3s t eps ) Not es :C-E( 4s t eps ) Not es :C-F( 5s t eps ) Not es :C-Gb( 6s t eps ) Not es :C-G ( 7s t eps ) Not es :C-G#( 8s t eps ) Not es :C-A( 9s t eps ) Not es :C-Bb( 10s t eps ) Not es :C-B( 1 1s t eps ) Not es :C-D( 14s t eps ) Not es :C-F( 17s t eps ) Not es :C-A( 21s t eps ) ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r t r i a d s Mi n o r t r i a d s Maj ort r i adsi ncl udet hr eenot esandt hese canber ef er r edt oast her oot ,t hemaj ort hi r d andt heper f ectf i f t h.Thi smeanst hatt he not esi nt hechor dar et hef i r st ,t het hi r dand t hef i f t hnot esi nt her el at edscal e.“ Maj ”i s shor tf ormaj or ,buti nmaj ort r i adst hel et t er st andsusual l yal one. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3. Mi nort r i adsi ncl udet hr eenot esandt hese canber ef er r edt oast her oot ,t hemi nort hi r d andt heper f ectf i f t h.I tcanal sober ef er r edt o t hef i r st ,t het hi r dandt hef i f t hnot esi nt he r el at edscal e.“ m”i st hemostused abbr evi at i onf ormi nor . I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4. Not es :C-E-G Not es :C#-F-G#/Db-F-Ab Not es :C-Eb-G Not es :C#-E-G#/Db-E-Ab Not es :D-F#-A Not es :D#-G -A#/Eb-G -Bb Not es :D-F-A Not es :D#-F#-A#/Eb-Gb-Bb Not es :E-G#-B Not es :F-A-C Not es :E-G -B Not es :F-Ab-C Not es :F#-A#-C#/Gb-Bb-Db Not es :G -B-D Not es :F#-A-C#/Gb-A-Db Not es :G -Bb-D Not es :G#-C-D#/Ab-C-Eb Not es :A-C#-E Not es :G#-B-D#/Ab-B-Eb Not es :A-C-E Not es :A#-D-F/Bb-D-F Not es :B-D#-F# Not es :A#-C#-F/Bb-Db-F Not es :B-D-F# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Di mi n i s h e dt r i a d s Au g me n t e dt r i a d s “ Di m”st andsf ordi mi ni shedandwhat happensi nt hesechor dsi st hatbot ht ones besi dest her ootar ef l at t ened.Hence,t he t hi r dandt hef i f t har ef l at t enedonesemi st ep. Di m chor dsar equi t euncommonandar e mai nl yusedf ort r ansi t i onsbet weent wo chor ds. I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-3. “ Aug”st andsf oraugment ed.I nat r i ad augment edchor dt her ei st her ootandt wo maj ort hi r ds.Youmayf i ndt heal t er nat i vepl us symbol ,asi nC+.Thesechor dsar equi t e uncommonandt hei rf unct i oni smost l yt obe pl acedbet weent wochor dst hatl ackdi st i nct r el at i onshi p. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-4. Not es :C-Eb-Gb Not es :C#-E-G /Db-E-G Not es :C-E-G# Not es :C#-F-A/Db-F-A Not es :D-F-Ab Not es :D#-F#-A/Eb-Gb-A Not es :D-F#-A# Not es :D#-G -B/Eb-G -B Not es :E-G -Bb Not es :F-Ab-B Not es :E-G#-C Not es :F-A-C# Not es :F#-A-C/Gb-A-C Not es :G -Bb-Db Not es :F#-A#-D/Gb-Bb-D Not es :G -B-D# Not es :G#-B-D/Ab-B-D Not es :A-C-Eb Not es :G#-C-E/Ab-C-E Not es :A-C#-F Not es :A#-C#-E/Bb-Db-E Not es :B-D-F Not es :A#-D-F#/Bb-D-Gb Not es :B-D#-G ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Su s p e n d e d2 n d Su s p e n d e d4 t h “ Sus”st andsf orsuspensi onandwhat happensi nsuspended2ndchor dsi st hatt he t hi r di sr epl acedwi t hamaj orsecond.The abbr evi at i onusedf ort hechor dsi ssus2,but sus2chor dsar esomet i meswr i t t enwi t honl y anumber ,asi nC2. I nt er valpat t er n:1-2-5. “ Sus”st andsf orsuspensi onandwhat happensi nsuspended4t hchor dsi st hatt he t hi r di sr epl acedwi t haper f ectf our .The abbr evi at i onusedf ort hechor dsi ssus4,but sus4chor dsar esomet i mesr ef er r edt oonl y assus,asi nCsus. I nt er valpat t er n:1-5-2. Not es :C-D-G Not es :C#-D#-G#/Db-Eb-Ab Not es :C-F-G Not es :C#-F#-G#/Db-Gb-Ab Not es :D-E-A Not es :D#-F-A#/Eb-F-Bb Not es :D-G -A Not es :D#-G#-A#/Eb-Ab-Bb Not es :E-F#-B Not es :F-G -C Not es :E-A-B Not es :F-Bb-C Not es :F#-G#-C#/Gb-Ab-Db Not es :G -A-D Not es :F#-B-C#/Gb-B-Db Not es :G -C-D Not es :G#-A#-D#/Ab-Bb-Eb Not es :A-B-E Not es :G#-C#-D#/Ab-Db-Eb Not es :A-D-E Not es :A#-C-F/Bb-C-F Not es :B-C#-F# Not es :A#-D#-F/Bb-Eb-F Not es :B-E-F# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ad d e d2 n d Ad d e d9 t h Added2ndt onechor dsar emaj ort r i adswi t h anext r anot e.Theyar eabbr evi at ed “ add”andadd2i soneoft het womai nt ypes. I nadd2chor ds,t hesecondt onei nt her el at ed scal ei sadded.Asyoumaynot i cei ti s act ual l yt hesamet onet hati saddedf oradd2 andadd9chor ds,butondi f f er entoct aves. I nt er valpat t er n:1-2-2-3. Added9t ht onechor dsar emaj ort r i adswi t h anext r anot e.Theyar eabbr evi at ed “ add”andadd9i soneoft het womai nt ypes. I nadd9chor ds,t heni nt ht onei nt her el at ed scal ei sadded.Asyoumaynot i cei ti s act ual l yt hesamet onet hati saddedf oradd2 andadd9chor ds,butondi f f er entoct aves. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-7. Not es :C-D-E-G Not es :C#-D#-F-G# Not es :C-E-G -D Not es :C#-F-G#-D# Not es :D-E-F#-A Not es :D#-F-G -A# Not es :D-F#-A-E Not es :D#-G -A#-F Not es :E-F#-G#-B Not es :F-G -A-C Not es :E-G#-B-F# Not es :F-A-C-G Not es :F#-G#-A#-C# Not es :G -A-B-D Not es :F#-A#-C#-G# Not es :G -B-D-A Not es :G#-A#-C-D# Not es :A-B-C#-E Not es :G#-C-D#-A# Not es :A-C#-E-B Not es :A#-C-D-F Not es :B-C#-D#-F# Not es :A#-D-F-C Not es :B-D#-F#-C# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r 6 t h Mi n o r 6 t h TheMaj or6t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi ngasi xt h not et omaj ort r i ad,maki ngi taf our not e chor d( al socal l edat et r achor d) .Thesear e of t enr ef er r edt oasMaj or6t hchor ds,but wr i t t enwi t houtt heabbr evi at i on“ maj ”andar e somet i mescal l edAdded6t hchor dsorj ust 6t hchor ds. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-2. TheMi nor6t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi ngasi xt h not et omi nort r i ad.Thi si st hesamenot et hat i saddedt ot heMaj or6t h( t hi schor di sat t i mesr ef er r edt oasMi norMaj or6t h) ,whi ch meanst hatt heMi nor6t hchor ddoesn' t i ncor por at ewi t hi t sr el at i vemi norscal eandi s somewhatdi ssonant . I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4-2. Not es :C-E-G -A Not es :C#-F-G#-A# Not es :C-Eb-G -A Not es :C#-E-G#-A# Not es :D-F#-A-B Not es :D#-G -A#-C Not es :D-F-A-B Not es :D#-F#-A#-C Not es :E-G#-B-C# Not es :F-A-C-D Not es :E-G -B-C# Not es :F-Ab-C-D Not es :F#-A#-C#-D# Not es :G -B-D-E Not es :F#-A-C#-D# Not es :G -Bb-D-E Not es :G#-C-D#-F Not es :A-C#-E-F# Not es :G#-B-D#-F Not es :A-C-E-F# Not es :A#-D-F-G Not es :B-D#-F#-G# Not es :A#-C#-F-G Not es :B-D-F#-G# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r 7 t h Mi n o r 7 t h TheMaj orsevent hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga maj orsevent hnot et oamaj ort r i ad,maki ngi t af our not echor d( al socal l edat et r achor d) . Thef our t hnot ei nt hechor di sal sot he sevent hnot ei nt her el at edmaj orscal e.“ Maj ” i swr i t t enoutast heabbr evi at i onf ormaj or . I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-4. TheMi norsevent hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga mi norsevent hnot et oami nort r i ad,maki ngi t af our not echor d( al socal l edat et r achor d) . Thef our t hnot ei nt hechor di sal sot he sevent hnot ei nt her el at edmi norscal e.As t heabbr evi at i onf ormi nor ,“ m”i swr i t t enout , butal so“ mi n”asi nCmi n7i sused. I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4-3. Not es :C-E-G -B Not es :C#-F-G#-C Not es :C-Eb-G -Bb Not es :C#-E-G#-B Not es :D-F#-A-C# Not es :D#-G -A#-D Not es :D-F-A-C Not es :D#-F#-A#-C# Not es :E-G#-B-D# Not es :F-A-C-E Not es :E-G -B-D Not es :F-Ab-C-Eb Not es :F#-A#-C#-F Not es :G -B-D-F# Not es :F#-A-C#-E Not es :G -Bb-D-F Not es :G#-C-D#-G Not es :A-C#-E-G# Not es :G#-B-D#-F# Not es :A-C-E-G Not es :A#-D-F-A Not es :B-D#-F#-A# Not es :A#-C#-F-G# Not es :B-D-F#-A ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Do mi n a n t 7 t h Do mi n a n t 9 t h TheDomi nant7t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga mi norsevent hnot et oamaj ort r i ad,maki ngi t af our not echor d.Thename" domi nant "r ef er t ot hef i f t hdegr eeoft hedi at oni cscal eandi t i scal l eddomi nantbecausei ti smostwei ght y besi dest het oni c( t her ootoft hescal e)and i t snei t hermaj ornormi nor . I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-3. TheDomi nant9t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga maj ort hi r dt oaDomi nantSevent hchor d, maki ngi taf i venot echor d.TheNi nt hchor di s anext endedchor d,andi scal l edsobecause i ti sext endedwi t hat hi r doneoct avehi gher , whi chal soi sni nescal est epsabovet her oot not e. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-3-4. Not es :C-E-G -Bb Not es :C#-F-G#-B Not es :C-E-G -Bb-D Not es :C#-F-G#-B-D# Not es :D-F#-A-C Not es :D#-G -A#-C# Not es :D-F#-A-C-E Not es :D#-G -A#-C#-F Not es :E-G#-B-D Not es :F-A-C-Eb Not es :E-G#-B-D-F# Not es :F-A-C-Eb-G Not es :F#-A#-C#-E Not es :G -B-D-F Not es :F#-A#-C#-E-G# Not es :G -B-D-F-A Not es :G#-C-D#-F# Not es :A-C#-E-G Not es :G#-C-D#-F#-A# Not es :A-C#-E-G -B Not es :A#-D-F-G# Not es :B-D#-F#-A Not es :A#-D-F-G#-C Not es :B-D#-F#-A-C# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r 9 t h Mi n o r 9 t h TheMaj orEl event h( maj 1 1)i sr at herunusual andi smor ecor r ect l ywr i t t enmaj 9( #1 1)si nce t heel event hnor mal l yi sr ai sedasemi st epi n compar i sonwi t ht her el at edscal e.Thi si s becauseoft hedi ssonancet hatot her wi se occurbet weent hemaj ort hi r dandt he el event hi nt hechor d. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-4-3. TheMi nor9t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi ngat hi r d ( t hemaj orni nt h)t oaMi norSevent hchor d, maki ngi taf i venot echor d.Thef i f t hnot ei n t hechor di st heni nt hst epi nt her el at ed mi norscal e.Forpr act i calr easonst hechor d i snor mal l ypl ayedwi t homi t t ednot esand/ or i nver t ed. I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4-3-4. Not es :C-E-G -B-D Not es :C#-F-G#-C-D# Not es :C-Eb-G -Bb-D Not es :C#-E-G#-B-D# Not es :D-F#-A-C#-E Not es :D#-G -A#-D-F Not es :D-F-A-C-E Not es :D#-F#-A#-C#-F Not es :E-G#-B-D#-F# Not es :F-A-C-E-G Not es :E-G -B-D-F# Not es :F-Ab-C-Eb-G Not es :F#-A#-C#-F-G# Not es :G -B-D-F#-A Not es :F#-A-C#-E-G# Not es :G -Bb-D-F-A Not es :G#-C-D#-G -A# Not es :A-C#-E-G#-B Not es :G#-B-D#-F#-A# Not es :A-C-E-G -B Not es :A#-D-F-A-C Not es :B-D#-F#-A#-C# Not es :A#-C#-F-G#-C Not es :B-D-F#-A-C# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r 1 1 t h Mi n o r 1 1 t h TheMaj orEl event h( maj 1 1)i sr at herunusual andi smor ecor r ect l ywr i t t enmaj 9( #1 1)si nce t heel event hnor mal l yi sr ai sedasemi st epi n compar i sonwi t ht her el at edscal e.Thi si s becauseoft hedi ssonancet hatot her wi se occurbet weent hemaj ort hi r dandt he el event hi nt hechor d. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-4-3-4. TheMi norEl event hi sbui l tbyaddi ngat hi r d t oaMi norNi nt hchor d,maki ngi tasi xnot e chor d.Forpr act i calr easonst hechor di s nor mal l ypl ayedwi t homi t t ednot esand/ or i nver t ed.Thechor di sof t enabbr evi at edas “ m1 1”( al t er nat i vel y“ mi n1 1” ) . I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4-3-4-3. Not es :C-E-G -B-D-F# Not es :C#-F-G#-C-D#-G Not es :C-Eb-G -Bb-D-F Not es :C#-E-G#-B-D#-F# Not es :D-F#-A-C#-E-G# Not es :D#-G -A#-D-F-A Not es :D-F-A-C-E-G Not es :D#-F#-A#-C#-F-G# Not es :E-G#-B-D#-F#-A# Not es :F-A-C-E-G -B Not es :E-G -B-D-F#-A Not es :F-Ab-C-Eb-G -Bb Not es :F#-A#-C#-F-G#-C Not es :G -B-D-F#-A-C# Not es :F#-A-C#-E-G#-B Not es :G -Bb-D-F-A-C Not es :G#-C-D#-G -A#-D Not es :A-C#-E-G#-B-D# Not es :G#-B-D#-F#-A#-C# Not es :A-C-E-G -B-D Not es :A#-D-F-A-C-E Not es :B-D#-F#-A#-C#-F Not es :A#-C#-F-G#-C-D# Not es :B-D-F#-A-C#-E ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Ma j o r 1 3 t h Mi n o r 1 3 t h TheMaj orThi r t eent h( maj 13)i sbui l tbyaddi ng a13t h.Thi schor di ncl udessevennot es,but t heel event hi snor mal l yl ef toutmaki ngi t ei t herasi xnot eorsevennot echor d.For pr act i calr easonst hechor di snor mal l ypl ayed wi t homi t t ednot esand/ ori nver t ed.I tmustnot beconf usedwi t ht heDomi nant13t hchor d. I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-4-3-( 3)-7. TheMi norThi r t eent h( m13)i sbui l tbyaddi ng at hi r dt oaMi norEl event hchor d.Al lnot esi n t her el at edmi norscal ear ei ncl uded,wi t ht he l astnot ei nt hechor dasanexcept i on.For pr act i calr easonst hechor di snor mal l ypl ayed wi t homi t t ednot esand/ ori nver t ed. I nt er valpat t er n:1-3-4-3-4-3-4. Not es :C-E-G -B-D-A Not es :C#-F-G#-C-D#-A# Not es :C-Eb-G -Bb-D-F-A Not es :C#-E-G#-B-D#-F#-A# Not es :D-F#-A-C#-E-B Not es :D#-G -A#-D-F-C Not es :D-F-A-C-E-G -B Not es :D#-F#-A#-C#-F-G#-C Not es :E-G#-B-D#-F#-C# Not es :F-A-C-E-G -D Not es :E-G -B-D-F#-A-C# Not es :F-Ab-C-Eb-G -Bb-D Not es :F#-A#-C#-F-G#-D# Not es :G -B-D-F#-A-E Not es :F#-A-C#-E-G#-B-D# Not es :G -Bb-D-F-A-C-E Not es :G#-C-D#-G -A#-F Not es :A-C#-E-G#-B-F# Not es :G#-B-D#-F#-A#-C#-F Not es :A-C-E-G -B-D-F# Not es :A#-D-F-A-C-G Not es :B-D#-F#-A#-C#-G# Not es :A#-C#-F-G#-C-D#-G Not es :B-D-F#-A-C#-E-G# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Do mi n a n t 1 1 t h Do mi n a n t 1 3 t h TheDomi nant1 1t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga maj ort hi r dt oadomi nantni nt hchor d,maki ng i tasi xnot echor d.However ,t het hi r d( t he secondnot ei nt hechor d)i snor mal l y excl udedandt hi sver si onoft hechor di s i dent i calwi t ht heC9sus4. I nt er valpat t er n:1-( 4)-3-3-4-3. TheDomi nant13t hchor di sbui l tbyaddi nga maj ort hi r dt oadomi nantel event hchor d, maki ngi tasevennot echor d.However ,one ormor enot esar enor mal l yomi t t ed,usual l y t hef i f t h( t het hi r dnot ei nt hechor d) ,t heni nt h ( t hef i f t hnot ei nt hechor d)and/ ort heel event h ( t hesi xt hnot ei nt hechor d) . I nt er valpat t er n:1-4-3-3-4-3-4. Not es :C-E-G -Bb-D-F Not es :C#-F-G#-B-D#-F# Not es :C-E-G -Bb-D-F-A Not es :C#-F-G#-B-D#-F#-A# Not es :D-F#-A-C-E-G Not es :D#-G -A#-C#-F-G# Not es :D-F#-A-C-E-G -B Not es :D#-G -A#-C#-F-G#-C Not es :E-G#-B-D-F#-A Not es :F-A-C-Eb-G -Bb Not es :E-G#-B-D-F#-A-C# Not es :F-A-C-Eb-G -Bb-D Not es :F#-A#-C#-E-G#-B Not es :G -B-D-F-A-C Not es :F#-A#-C#-E-G#-B-D# Not es :G -B-D-F-A-C-E Not es :G#-C-D#-F#-A#-C# Not es :A-C#-E-G -B-D Not es :G#-C-D#-F#-A#-C#-F Not es :A-C#-E-G -B-D-F# Not es :A#-D-F-G#-C-D# Not es :B-D#-F#-A-C#-E Not es :A#-D-F-G#-C-D#-G Not es :B-D#-F#-A-C#-E-G# ©PI ANOCHORD. ORG Number formulas In each chord overview, “interval patterns” are included. These are intervals that all chords in a category share. The number formula 1 - 4 - 3, for example, means that you can begin with the root and when go four steps to the right to get the next note in the chord and when go three steps again to reach the last note in the chord. By learning the intervals, you have a “backup” if you forget a chord in a category. Table 1. Number formulas for chords Chord family Intervals Major triads 1-4-3 Minor triads 1-3-4 Diminished triads 1-3-3 Augmented triads 1-4-4 Suspended 2nd 1-2-5 Suspended 4th 1-5-2 Added 2nd 1-2-2-3 Added 9th 1-4-3-7 Major 6th 1-4-3-2 Minor 6th 1-3-4-2 Major 7th 1-4-3-4 Minor 7th 1-3-4-3 Dominant 7th 1-4-3-3 Dominant 9th 1-4-3-3-4 Major 9th 1-4-3-4-3 Minor 9th 1-3-4-3-4 Major 11th 1-4-3-4-3-4 Minor 11th 1-3-4-3-4-3 Major 13th 1 - 4 - 3 - 4 - 3 - (3) - 7 Minor 13th 1-3-4-3-4-3-4 Dominant 11th 1 - (4) - 3 - 3 - 4 - 3 Dominant 13th 1-4-3-3-4-3-4 Note: The parentheses for Major 13th and Dominant 11th indicates notes that are normally left out. Key and chord charts The charts show the relationship of chords in all keys. The first column shows the keys and each row shows chords matching the key. • • • Chords on the same rows will always sound great together. The roman numerals can be helpful to summarize progressions across keys. For example, the I – IV – V progressions can be A – D – E in the key of A and C – F – G in the key of C. The chords can be substituted. For example, C can be substituted with Cmaj7 and Am can be substituted with Am7. Chart 1. Chords in Major keys Key I ii iii IV V vi C# Major C# D#m Fm F# G# A#m F# Major F# G#m A#m B C# D#m B Major B C#m D#m E F# G#m E Major E F#m G#m A B C#m A Major A Bm C#m D E F#m D Major D Em F#m G A Bm G Major G Am Bm C D Em C Major C Dm Em F G Am F Major F Gm Am Bb C Dm Bb Major Bb Cm Dm Eb F Gm Eb Major Eb Fm Gm Ab Bb Cm Ab Major Ab Bbm Cm Db Eb Fm Db Major Db Ebm Fm Gb Ab Bbm Gb Major Gb Abm Bb B Db Ebm Chart 2. Chords in Natural Minor keys Key i III iv v VI VII A# Minor A#m C# D#m Fm F# G# D# Minor D#m F# G#m A#m B C# G# Minor G#m B C#m D#m E F# C# Minor C#m E F#m G#m A B F# Minor F#m A Bm C#m D E B Minor Bm D Em F#m G A E Minor Em G Am Bm C D A Minor Am C Dm Em F G D Minor Dm F Gm Am Bb C G Minor Gm Bb Cm Dm Eb F C Minor Cm Eb Fm Gm Ab Bb F Minor Fm Ab Bbm Cm Db Eb Bb Minor Bbm Db Ebm Fm Gb Ab Eb Minor Ebm Gb Abm Bbm B Db Note: The second degree has been excluded since it is represented by less applied dim chords. Chart 3. Chords in Melodic Minor keys Key i ii IV V A# Melodic Minor A#m Cm D# F D# Melodic Minor D#m Fm G# A# G# Melodic Minor G#m A#m C# D# C# Melodic Minor C#m D#m F# G# F# Melodic Minor F#m G#m B C# B Melodic Minor Bm C#m E F# E Melodic Minor Em F#m A B A Melodic Minor Am Bm D E D Melodic Minor Dm Em G A G Melodic Minor Gm Am C D C Melodic Minor Cm Dm F G F Melodic Minor Fm Gm Bb C Bb Melodic Minor Bbm Cm Eb F Eb Melodic Minor Ebm Fm Ab Bb Notes: 1. Several degrees have been excluded since they are represented by less applied chords, including augmented and diminished chords. 2. Substituting chords are not always straightforward in these keys. Building four-note chords in the A Melodic Minor key, for example, would result in AminMaj7, Bm7, D7 and E7. Chord progressions This is an introduction that present progression in all the natural keys based on standard chord progressions. The progressions should be played from the left to the right. Part 1. Basic (cadences): I - IV - V - I Key I IV V I C C F G C G G C D G D D G A D A A D E A E E A B E B B E F# B F F Bb C F Part 2. Circle (fifths interval): I - VI7 - II7 - V7 - I Key I VI7 II7 V7 I C C A7 D7 G7 C G G E7 A7 D7 G D D B7 E7 A7 D A A F#7 B7 E7 A E E C#7 F#7 B7 E B B G#7 C#7 F#7 B F F D7 G7 C7 F Part 3. Jazz: ii7 - V7 - Imaj7 Key iim7 V7 Imaj7 C Dm7 G7 Cmaj7 G Am7 D7 Gmaj7 D Em7 A7 Dmaj7 A Bm7 E7 Amaj7 E F#m7 B7 Emaj7 B C#m7 F#7 Bmaj7 F Gm7 C7 Fmaj7 Part 4. Minor blues: i - iv - i - V7 - iv - i Key i iv i V7 iv i Am Am Dm Am E7 Dm Am Em Em Am Em B7 Am Em Bm Bm Em Bm F#7 Em Bm Dm Dm Gm Dm A7 Gm Dm Gm Gm Cm Gm D7 Cm Gm Cm Cm Fm Cm G7 Fm Cm Chords and scales comparison tables The tables show the relationship of chords and scales. The first column shows the keys and each row shows chords matching the keys. The key of C and Am are used as examples for major and minor scales respectively. After the seventh degree, the notes are repeating on a higher octave. Table 1. Major scales and chords Degrees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 C Major scale C D E F G A B C chord C E G C6 chord C E G Cmaj7 chord C E G B Cmaj9 chord C E G B D Cmaj11 chord C E G B D Cmaj13 chord C E G B D 10 11 12 13 A F# A Note: The 11th interval in the maj11 chord is raised and therefore outside the key. This degree can be written as #11. Table 2. Minor scales and chords Degrees 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A Minor scale A B C D E F G Am chord A C E Am6 chord A C E Am7 chord A C E G Am9 chord A C E G B Am11 chord A C E G B D Am13 chord A C E G B D 12 13 F# Note: The 6th and 11th intervals in the m6 and m13 chords are raised and therefore outside the key. F# Table 3. Major scales and assorted chords Degrees 1 2 C Major scale C D Cdim chord C Caug chord C Csus2 chord C Csus4 chord C Cadd2 chord C Cadd9 chord C b3 3 E #3 4 b5 F Eb 5 G 6 7 A B 8 9 Gb E G# D G F D #5 G E G E G D 10 11 12 13
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