Health Safety Security
Session 1:
Q1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
Ans.
Health: Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social
wellbeing. Health of an employee must be in a good condition so that the employees
will not suffer from any diseases. Every organisation must provide healthy and
safety working environment for their employees at the workplace.
Safety: Safety at workplace refers to the work environment which is free from any
hazards and risk. A proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the company and
it should be strictly followed.
Security: Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures
the safety of the people working in the organisation.
Q2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs
in workplace.
Ans. Most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace
are:
1. It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it
is taking care of all its stake holders.
2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are
compatible with each other.
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3. It clearly indicates the company’s commitment for their employee’s health and
safety.
4. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy.
Q3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.
Ans. Various workplace safety hazards are:
1. Physical Hazards
2. Electrical Hazards
3. Fire Hazards
4. Ergonomic Hazards
5. Biological Hazards
Q4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.
Ans. Potential sources of hazards in an organisation are:
1. Hazards using Computers
2. Handling Office Equipment
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3. Stress at Work
4. Working Environment
Q5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.
Ans. Some of the IT workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These
hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.
Q6. What are the examples of potential hazards?
Ans. Examples of potential hazards are:
1. Hazards using Computers:
Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or excessive duration
of sitting in one position.These hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Handling Office Equipment:
Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. For example, sharpedged equipment if not handled properly, can cause cuts.
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3. Stress at Work:
In an organisations, we may encounter various stress like long working hours can
be stressful and so can aggressive conflicts or arguments with colleagues.
4. Working Environment:
Potential hazards may include poor ventilation, chairs and tables of inappropriate
height, hard furniture, poor lighting, staff unaware of emergency procedures, or
poor housekeeping.
Q7. Describe information technology workplace hazards.
Ans. Some of the information technology workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These
hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.
Q8. What are the workplace safety rules?
Ans. Workplace safety rules are:
A) Basic Fire safety rules in an organization are:
1) Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
2) Conduct regular drills
3) Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
4) Keep workplace a no-smoking zone
5) Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of regularly
B) Falls and Slips Safety rules
1) Keep the moving area clean and clutter free.
2) Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light.
3) Wear non slippery footwear.
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4) Floors must be clean and dry
5) Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.
C) Electrical Safety Rules:
1) Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
2) Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely.
3) Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced.
4) Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.
Q9. List out different safety guidelines?
Ans. Safety Guidelines are:
 Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate
cupboards.
 Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
 Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry when working with machines.
 Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or
with some machinery.
 Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
 Do not play with electrical controls or switches
Q10. Describe type of emergency with example.
Ans. Various types of emergencies are there and there should be an emergency
management plan to handle the situation of emergency. Some of the types of
emergencies are as follows:
Chemical spills
Extreme heat waves
Droughts
Pandemics
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Terrorist attack
Fire
Floods
Thunderstorms
Leakage of some hazardous gas/ chemical
Session 2:
Q1. What causes the water pollution?
Ans. Main causes of water pollution are:
Industrial waste
Sewage and Waste water
Oil Leaks and Spills
Fertilizers from Agriculture field
Household waste
Q2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?
Ans. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI),
is a collective term for a range of conditions, characterised by discomfort or
persistent pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues. It is usually caused with
repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or forceful
movements.
Psycho-social factors, including stress in the working environment, may be
important in the development of occupational overuse syndrome
Q3. What are musculoskeletal problems?
Ans. This problem include different areas of our body, such as neck, back, chests,
arms shoulders and feet. It occurs because of our wrong posture, uncomfortable
chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.
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Q4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?
Ans.
Keep your monitor at least 20 to 30 inch away from you.
Maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair.
Always take small breaks while working on the computer.
Wear anti-glare glasses to work on computer.
Q5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?
Ans. There is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen
at the right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your
arms and shoulders too high to use it and vice versa.
Q6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?
Ans. Computer’s bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and
visual fatigue. It can be avoided by:
Adjusting the brightness of computer screen.
Keeping a proper vision distance from computer.
Blinking our eyes at regular interval.
Wearing anti-glare glasses while working in computer.
Q7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?
Ans. We should use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate
spacing between the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be
stable, with no flickering. The screen must be free of reflective glare.
Q8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?
Ans. The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen so that we can find a
comfortable working position to avoid fatigue in the arms or hands. The keyboard
should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on the keys must
be adequately contrasted.
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Session 3:
Q1. What is a workplace emergency?
Ans. A Workplace emergency refers to any unexpected situation that needs
immediate attention and action in workplace that may poses a risk to the safety
and security of employees.
Q2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?
Ans. The best way to protect yourself and your organisation is to develop a well
thought-out emergency action plan to guide the employees in the event of an
emergency.
Q3. What is an emergency action plan?
Ans. An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is a written document that states how to
react in different types of emergencies. Action plans of organisations should
adhere to safety standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).
Q4. What should your emergency action plan include?
Ans. An emergency action plan (EAP) should include the following:
1. Evacuation plans: It should have at least two escape routes from every area,
and a designated meeting place for employees to gather after evacuating.
2. for employees: Take a headcount after an evacuation.
3. Reporting and alerting authorities.
4. Alerting staff and visitors about emergency
Q5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?
Ans. Steps to develop an evacuation policy and procedures are:
1.Evaluate the emergency.
2.Identify place where people can go in an emergency.
3.Identify the best ways to get out of the building.
4.Rehearse evacuation procedures.
5.Regularly review and update the plan as needed.
Q6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?
Ans. To establish evacuation routes and exits, you should
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Know the nearest exit from your location and the route to get there.
Know the assembly point.
Know an alternate route in case your first route is blocked.
Know where to find first-aid supplies and fire extinguishers.
Q7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing
material?
Ans. Various types of fire extinguishers are:
Water
Foam
Dry powder
CO2
Wet chemical
1. Water Fire Extinguishers are good for tackling fires involving burning paper,
wood and soft furnishing (Class A fires), as the water soaks into the materials and
cools them.
2. Foam fire extinguishers are suitable on Class A fires and fires involving
flammable liquids (Class B)
3. Dry powder fire extinguishers are incredibly versatile and can be used for
almost every kind of fire. (Class A, Class B and Class C)
4. CO2 fire extinguishers (also known as carbon dioxide fire extinguishers) are
mainly used for electrical fires.
5. Wet chemical fire extinguishers (also known as Class F fire extinguishers) are
the extinguisher that can safely be used for fires involving cooking oil
Q8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire
emergency.
Ans.
Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its handle.
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Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever.
Sweep it from side to side.
Q9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.
Ans. Different types of fire extinguishers are:
Water
Foam
Dry powder
CO2
Wet chemical
Water Foam Dry Powder CO2 Wet chemical
Fire Class A A & B A, B & C B & C A
Q10. List the different class of fire.
Ans. There are several classes of fire, including
Class A : Fire that involve materials such as wood, cloth, and paper.
Class B : Fire that involve flammable liquid, grease, and gas materials that burn
when exposed to ignition sources.
Class C : Fire that involve electrical materials and equipment. These materials
cause fires very quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.
Class D : Fire that involve any materials that are volatile and able to quickly ignite,
such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
Q11. List out electrical rescue techniques.
Ans. Electrical Rescue Techniques are:
Approaching the accident
Never rush into an accident situation.
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Examining the scene
Visually examine victims to determine if they are in contact with energised
conductors.
Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are energised.
Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
Hazards and solutions
In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme care.
Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. Stand on a clean dry surface.
Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor.
Q12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?
Ans. If someone has been shocked by electricity, you should
Unplug the appliance or turn off the power. If you can’t turn off the power, use a
piece of wood, to separate the victim from the power source.
Do not try to move a victim touching a high voltage wire.
Call for emergency help.
If the person is not breathing, and doesn’t have a pulse, begin CPR.
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