1
Distributed Energy Resources, Transmission
Power System Control, Energy Transition: An
Exploratory Bibliometric Analysis
Hussein Suprême, Senior Member, IEEE, Nivine Abou Daher, Member, IEEE, Martin de Montigny,
Annissa Heniche Oussédik
Abstract Energy transition is promoted by the international and scientific community to reduce society's carbon footprint and
fight against climate change. In this context, power systems are increasingly equipped with distributed energy resources (DER)
and variable energy resources (VER). Because of the variability introduced by these resources and power electronics converters,
serving as the interface between them and AC power system, power systems operators are facing more challenges to maintain
network reliability. Even if most of DERs are connected to distribution system, their integration will also impact the transmission
system behavior. Furthermore, the utilities must ensure a better coordination and communications of the actions taken by the
transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO). In the context of end-to-end electricity system
transition, development, and integration, the main objective of this transversal study is to analyze the content of published work.
The aim is to target the new challenges to solve in order to maintain the reliability of the transmission and distribution power
systems. The analysis is based on a bibliometric study of the Scopus database for published documents from 2011 to 2020. By
using of statistical methods, a quantitative analysis is done on the one hand to highlight the evolution of science in this specific
research area and on the other hand to identify current and future trends and challenges.
Index Terms—Distributed energy resources, Power system control, Energy transition, Variable renewable energy, Transmission power
system, Defense plans, Wide area control system.
I. INTRODUCTION1
E
NERGY plays a unique and crucial role worldwide.
Without this, no activity can occur. The use of energy
in society is a process that begins with a primary source
involving several intermediate processes of refining or
converting it to a different form of energy. It is ultimately
found in consuming devices that are part of our daily lives
(house, smart electronic devices), transportation, power
systems, and so on. These transformations are major
sources of carbon emissions. Therefore, energy
consumption plays an important role in the transition to a
low-carbon society.
Energy transition designates a significant change in an
energy system that could be related to one or a combination
of green renewable resource use, system structure, scale,
economics, end-use behavior, and energy policy [1]. As
1
This work was supported in part by Centre de recherche d’HydroQuébec (CRHQ).
H. Suprême, N. Abou Daher, M. de Montigny, and A. Heniche
Oussédik are with the Centre de recherche d’Hydro-Québec, Varennes,
Québec, J3X 1S1, Canada (e-mail: supreme.hussein2@hydroquebec.com,
aboudaher.nivine@hydroquebec.com,
demontigny.martin@hydroquebec.com,
heniche-oussedik.annissa@hydroquebec.com).
investors prioritize environmental, social, and governance
factors, the importance of energy transition continues to
increase. Several signatory countries of COP26 have set the
goal of a carbon-neutral economy by launching net-zero
greenhouse gas emission targets for 2050 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6].
Furthermore, they are committed to adopting national and
regional regulations in favor of the decarbonization of the
economy, decentralization of electricity production,
digitalization of the energy industry, the deregulation of the
energy market, and democratization to strengthen the
participation of skeptical consumers and prevent protests
[7] [8] [9].
The increasing penetration of renewable energy into
power systems, onset of electrification and improvements in
energy storage are all key drivers of energy transition [10]
[11]. In this new energy context, utilities and power grid
operators face significant challenges in planning system
operations [12], power system control and automation [13],
and effectively communicating transmission and
distribution systems [14] [15] [16]. Two main power
system development models will emerge [17] [18]: a) large
bulk transmission systems capable of interconnecting load
regions and large centralized variable renewable energy
(VRE) sources [19] [20], as well as to provide more
interconnections between several countries and different
energy markets [21] [22] [23]; and b) microgrids with
clusters of small, largely self-contained distributed energy
resources (DER), including decentralized generation,
storage, electrical vehicles [24], and active customer
participation operated in an intelligent way [25] [26].
Bibliometric review involves the use of statistical
methods to quantitatively analyze publication data produced
by individuals or institutions, such as peer-reviewed journal
articles, books, conference proceedings, periodicals,
reviews, reports, and related documents. Thus, the results
permit the visualization of the evolution of science in a
specific research area and the identification of current and
future trends. Bibliometric reviews are popular in the fields
of research related to management [27], economics [28],
fuzzy research [29] [30], innovation [31], and pricing
research [32]. In the power systems literature, several
papers have addressed the concepts of energy transition and
the high penetration of DER and VRE in power
transmission and distribution systems. Few studies have
analyzed the state-of-the-art of each of these concepts
separately from a bibliometric perspective [33] [34] [35].
To the best of our knowledge, no bibliometric analysis has
been conducted in the literature that crosses these concepts
and mainly focuses on the behavior of power grids.
The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of
research performed on energy transition, DER, VRE, and
the control of these technologies over the last decade using
bibliometric methods. We used Scopus as the database for
collecting information. The main contributions of this paper
are as follows: 1) Sorting out the issues of energy transition,
high penetration of DER and VRE, and showing the main
research issues and research trends at this stage. 2)
Summarizing the research progress in the fields, which can
help related researchers to further understand the domain.
3) Such a comprehensive review provides valuable research
prospects for subsequent research. 4) Sorting the challenges
for voltage control, frequency control, local and wide-area
control systems, special protection schemes and defense
plans in the face of DER and VRE integration.
The paper proceeds as follows. Section II describes the
methodology in terms of data collection and analytical
methods. Section III presents the leading journals in the
corpus. Section IV presents the most productive and
influential authors and Section V presents the most cited
articles. Section VI discusses publication dynamics by
mapping academic collaboration and geographic trends.
84 million scientific journals, patents, books, and
conference papers from over 7000 publishers and 17.6
million authors.
SciVal was used for more advanced bibliometric
analysis. This decision-making support tool is based on
statistical and mathematical analysis of scientific
publication performances of over 20000 research
institutions and their associated researchers from 230
nations worldwide. With access to more than 300 trillion
metric values, SciVal quickly provides context for analysis
and generates powerful data visualizations. The data can be
analyzed at the national, institutional, individual, or
customized research team level.
VOSviewer is a software for constructing and viewing
bibliometric maps. For instance, these maps include
journals, researchers, or individual publications, and can be
constructed based on citation, bibliographic coupling, cocitation, or co-authorship relations [36]. VOSViewer
generates networks of co-occurrence of important terms
extracted from a corpus of scientific literature. It was used
to identify the major trends associated with the subjects
under study and to capture some weak signals related to the
areas identified in the corpus of selected publications.
B. Search Strategy
Bibliometric analysis was based on the data retrieved
from the Scopus database. All documents were published
from 2011 to 2020 with the expressions “distributed energy
resources”, “energy transition”, and “control” in their titles,
abstracts, or keywords retrieved. The research strategy was
based on these three index terms by launching the query of
the following equation:
TITLE-ABS-KEY(|distributed energy resources|)
AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(|energy transition |) AND
TITLE-ABS-KEY(|control |) AND PUBYEAR >
2010 AND PUBYEAR < 2021
(1)
II. DATA AND METHODOLOGY
A. Tools Overview
In this article, bibliometric analysis was carried out using
three main tools: Scopus for data collection, SciVal and
VOSviewer for analysis and visualization. Indeed, the data
were collected from Scopus (Elsevier), which allows
articles to be found by search terms and exported along
with their metadata, such as their references, abstracts, and
journal information. Their developers claimed to index over
Fig. 1. Subject areas grouping – Accessed May 14, 2022
Inappropriate domains with few affinities to study
subjects were excluded. The retained domains are shown in
Fig. 1. A total of 6626 documents were retrieved. Those
included 3491 conference papers, 2468 articles, 199 book
chapters, 175 reviews, 54 conference reviews, 21 books,
and ten editorials. The others were classified as short
3
surveys, letters, or undefined documents. Regarding
language, 97% of the documents were written in English,
2% in Chinese, and 1% in other languages (Korean, Polish,
Spanish, Japanese, etc.). Slightly more than a quarter of the
documents (26.7%) were open access.
All documents were uploaded to SciVal to create a new
research area that facilitates the analysis. This conversion
generated a corpus of more than 5150 documents in total
for the period from 2011 to 2020; some links could not be
referenced by Scival. Therefore, the bibliometric analysis
carried out in this article was based on the proposed
bibliographic references. The number of publications in
these research areas is growing rapidly as shown in Fig. 2.
Before 2015, the number of publications per year was less
than 400. From 2016, an acceleration was observed until
reaching 1003 publications in 2020. These index terms are
becoming increasingly popular among scientists requiring
innovative solutions.
Fig. 2. Evolution of the number of publications per year
C. Topic clusters and Topics
SciVal clustered Scopus publications from 1996-present to
present topics and topic clusters using a direct citation
analysis. A topic is a dynamic collection of documents with
commonly focused intellectual interest. Topic clusters are
formed by aggregating topics with similar research interests
to form a broader, higher-level research area. Each
publication belonged to only one topic and one topic
cluster. Prominence is used as an indicator to evaluate the
momentum/movement or visibility of a particular topic.
However, this is not a quality indicator. The calculation of a
topic’s prominence combines three metrics to indicate the
momentum of the topic:
1. Citation count in year to papers published in
and
.
2. Scopus views count in year n to papers published in
n and
.
3. Average CiteScore for year .
Between 2011 and 2020, the corpus contributed 579
topics and 141 topic clusters. top 1% of worldwide topic
clusters by prominence are shown in Table I. More than
half of the documents in the database (2686/5150) were
found in topic cluster TC1: Electric Power Transmission
Networks; Wind Power; Electric Power Distribution. TC1
and TC2 are consistent, knowing that current market
designs and operational practices do not provide a level
playing field for DERs to deliver services [37]. Existing
markets need to evolve [38] [21] [39], new markets need to
be created [40] [41], and new roles and coordination
functions need to be established between distribution
system operators (DSO) and transmission system operators
(TSO) [42] [43]. Most published works have focused on
deterministic microgrid operations and energy management
at the distribution level [44] [45]. More work needs to be
done to assess the impacts of DERs penetration on the
transmission system, defense plan, and application of
stochastic methods in the operation of microgrids [12].
TABLE I
TOP 1% OF WORLDWIDE TOPIC CLUSTERS BY PROMINENCE – ACCESSED
MAY 14, 2022
Worldwide
Scholarly
Id
Topic Cluster
Prominence
Output
percentile
TC1
Electric Power Transmission
2686
99.331
Networks; Wind Power;
Electric Power Distribution
TC2
Electricity;
Energy;
43
99.264
Economics
TC3
Secondary Batteries; Electric
9
99.933
Batteries; Lithium Alloys
TC4
Algorithms;
Computer
1
99.799
Vision; Models
Because the number of documents is much higher in
TC1, a query was launched to determine the top 50
keyphrases by relevance. As shown in Fig. 3, Electric
Utilities is declining as a keyphrase. Power grids are being
increasingly treated as part of Energy Systems [46]. The
keyphrases in growing show that the energy transition
reckons on intelligent management of the power system
(Smart Grid, Microgrid) [47] [48] [49], development of
new approaches and strategies for macroeconomic and
energy markets (Power Market, Smart Meters) [50] [51]
[52], and innovation in resource management (Demand
Response, Vehicle-to-grid) [53] [54] [55] [56]. As a VRE
source, wind power is a hot topic (Wind Turbine, Wind
Farm, Wind Speed) [57]. Owing to the stochastic nature of
wind, wind power forecasting tools must enable better
dispatch, Scheduling and Unit Commitment of thermal
generators, hydro plants and energy storage plants and more
competitive market trading as wind power ramps up and
down on the grid [58] [59] [60]. Storage Systems (Energy
Storage) are growing to compensate for the intermittency of
renewable energies [61] [62] [63]. They can be applied for
energy arbitrage, peak shaving, load following, spinning
reserve, voltage support, frequency regulation, power
quality, power reliability, transmission and distribution
upgrade deferral, congestion relief, and off-grid services
[64]. Moreover, the use of Electric Vehicles is vogue
because of the incentives and policies adopted by several
developed countries in the fight against climate change.
Charging electric vehicles (EVs) poses an additional
challenge [65] [66]. These new technologies lead to
bidirectionality in the Electrical Load Flow; hence, there is
interest in the calculations of the Power Flow and the
Optimal Power Flow [67] [68] [69]. DSO and TSO are
increasingly integrating them into their planning and
operating systems. Load Forecasting [70] and power
system control techniques (Frequency Control, Reactive
Power and Voltage Control, Scheduling, Unit Commitment)
[71] [72] [73] are expected to evolve to consider not only
the intermittency of resource availability, but also the
changing distribution of resources across the system.
Id
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
Fig. 3. Top 50 keyphrases by relevance in TC1 – Accessed May 14, 2022
Table II groups the Top 1% of worldwide topics by
prominence having a citation in at least 19 publications.
Almost half of the documents (2467/5150) are found in the
Topics identified. The trend is similar to the Topic Cluster.
Moreover, there is a sustained presence of technologies
related to solar energy (Inverters, DC-DC Converter) [74].
The worlwide prominence percentile confirm that funding
will increase in non-wire alternatives (Power Sharing,
Demand Response, Demand Side Management) [75] [76]
[77], and power system control to face the high penetration
of DER and VRE [78] [79].
TABLE II
TOP 1% OF WORLDWIDE TOPICS BY PROMINENCE – ACCESSED
MAY 14, 2022
Worldwide
Scholarly
Id
Topics
Prominence
Output
percentile
T1
Grid; Power Sharing; 828
99.876
Inverters
T2
Solar
Energy 476
99.679
Conversion;
Active
Distribution
Network;
Voltage Control
T3
Demand
Response; 464
99.936
Demand
Side
Management;
Energy
Conservation
T4
Electric
Vehicle; 163
99.897
Vehicle-To-Grid;
Charging
T5
Microgrid;
DC-DC 153
99.547
Converter;
Electric
Potential
T6
Energy; Gas Network; 85
99.744
Economic Dispatch
T7
Advanced
Metering 83
99.309
Infrastructures; Internet
Topics
Of Things; Privacy
Preserving
Grid; Microgrid; Energy
Systems
Combined Heat and
Power;
Cogeneration
Plants; Cooling
Unit Commitment; Wind
Power;
Reserve
Requirements
Inverters;
Electric
Current
Control;
Connected
Electric Power Plant
Loads; Electricity Price;
Power Markets
High Voltage Direct
Current
System;
Offshore Wind Farms;
Converter
Wind Power; Electricity
Storage; Arbitrage
Scholarly
Output
Worldwide
Prominence
percentile
53
99.866
43
99.493
30
99.148
30
99.191
21
99.728
19
99.209
19
99.879
A query was launched in T1 to determine the top 50
keyphrases by relevance. The results presented in Fig. 4
show that Microgrid is the most popular topic. Operation
and power system control have been extensively discussed
[80]. Indeed, control challenges exist for power system
stabilization, control [81], and protection [82] with many
inverter-based resources [82] [83]. Conventionally for bulk
power system (BPS) analysis and simulation, DERs are
mostly modeled as aggregated net constant power loads at
distribution substation nodes [84]. With the increasing
penetration of grids following DERs and their inherently
different fault-handling behaviors [85] [86], expanding the
adoption of grid-forming or grid-supporting control
technologies [87] [88], grid dynamics are gradually
evolving. A simplified representation of DERs as a negative
load does not reflect the grid-DER interaction. It is
necessary to model the detailed DER dynamics and
transient behaviors for BPS planning, control, and operation
[89]. Furthermore, existing power system protection
systems are mainly designed for machine-based generators
and distribution systems for unidirectional power flow. A
bidirectional power flow could occur. In addition, the shortcircuit current contribution of inverter-based DERs is
typically lower than that of synchronous generators, which
requires new protective relay sensors to detect lower current
values and more advanced protection coordination schemes
[90]. Besides, online optimization of frequency control,
voltage control, and wide-area control systems is required
in transmission networks to avoid instability owing to the
volatility of DER [79] [91]. Optimal power flow (OPF) is
the primary tool used for optimization at minimum cost
[91] [92]. The reverse power flow of the DER can increase
the boundary bus voltage and cause uncoupled voltages in
transmission and distribution systems, which requires
coordination between the DSO and TSO [91]. This
coordination is also important to avoid long-term voltage
5
instability and limit the reactive power exchange caused by
voltage control in distribution networks that ignore the
conditions of the transmission network [91]. In addition,
DER can improve system stability and provide flexible
localized VAR support to the bulk system [91] [93].
16
17
18
19
20
Scopus Source
SO
VC
FWCI
CC
IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics
International Transactions
on Electrical Energy
Systems
Dianli Xitong
Zidonghua/Automation of
Electric Power Systems
IECON Proceedings
(Industrial Electronics
Conference)
Energy Procedia
37
2 824
7.24
6°252
37
1 292
1.37
456
35
1 143
1.6
929
35
501
1.96
245
31
664
1.57
447
SO: Scholarly Output; VC: Views Count; FWIC: Field-Weighted Citation
Impact; CC: Citation Count
Fig. 4. Top 50 keyphrases by relevance in T1 – Accessed May 14, 2022
By ranking the number of publications by year, as shown
in Fig. 5, we observed a stronger growth of peer-reviewed
documents in open-access journals. In 2019 and 2020, these
journals were the most prolific in terms of the number of
publications, going so far as exceeding the peaks of other
publishers.
III. LEADING JOURNALS AND SCOPUS SOURCES
To provide a general overview of the most influential
publishers, in Table III, we present 20 Scopus sources by
scholarly output up to April 30, 2022. Nearly half of the
publications came from IEEE-affiliated transactions and
societies. We also noticed that the greatest number of
publications is associated with a particular event with a
peak in 2018, the IEEE Power and Energy Society General
Meeting.
TABLE III
TOP 20 SCOPUS SOURCES IN THE PUBLICATION SET, BY SCHOLARLY
OUTPUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Scopus Source
SO
VC
FWCI
CC
IEEE Power and Energy
Society General Meeting
Energies
IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid
IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems
Applied Energy
228
3 633
2.58
2 204
217
207
6 369
8708
1.05
5.81
2°686
13°710
119
4 360
3.73
7°187
113
9 201
4.24
6°263
International Journal of
Electrical Power and
Energy Systems
IEEE Access
109
6 991
2.06
3°011
100
2 133
1.78
1°686
IET Generation,
Transmission and
Distribution
IET Conference
Publications
Electric Power Systems
Research
Energy
97
2 730
1.57
2°173
85
828
0.41
142
80
3 888
1.99
2 547
57
3 891
3.43
2°763
IEEE Transactions on
Sustainable Energy
Renewable and
Sustainable Energy
Reviews
IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Informatics
IEEE Transactions on
Industry Applications
49
2 090
1.8
3°011
48
6 305
1.29
5°133
47
3 169
4.68
4°401
46
1 009
2.74
1°286
Fig. 5. Top 7 Scopus sources in the publication set, by scholarly output
Although the high number of publications can not strictly
reflect the reputation of a journal. The number of views and
citations indicates the quality perceived by the scientific
community. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid had the
highest number of cited papers, whereas Applied Energy
had the highest number of consulted articles. Furthermore,
the field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) indicates how
the number of citations received by an entity’s publications
compares to the average number of citations received by all
other similar publications in the data universe. An FWCI of
1.00 indicates that the entity’s publications have been cited
exactly, as would be expected based on the global average
for similar publications. An FWCI of more (less) than 1.00
indicates above (below) the global average for similar
publications. This metric can be biased by entities with a
small number of publications. A few highly cited
publications can skew the FWCI value, as observed in
Table III for the IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics. By combining these four parameters, IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid appears to be the leading
publisher in the field of this study. It should also be noted
that for open-access journals, the coefficients are greater
than 1. The scientific community values the work quality of
these journals.
Author
SO
VC
FWCI
CC
31
Strasser Thomas I.
18
507
2.48
364
32
Verbič Gregor
18
666
2.09
413
33
Hu Junjie
17
623
2.99
653
In Table IV, we present authors who have published at
least 15 papers in the field of our study during the last
decade, for a total of 60 authors. Altogether, they published
1 259 documents, which represent approximately a quarter
of our corpus. They accumulated 44 497 views of their
documents out of a total of 146 415 (approximately 30%),
and 46 975 citations out of a total of 106 516 415
(approximately 44%). Guerrero Josep M. was the author
with the most publications, views, and citations. The most
relevant keyphrases in his work are Microgrid, Energy
Resources, and Distributed. Most articles were published in
IEEE-affiliated journals.
34
Iravani Reza M.
17
642
3.28
1009
35
Mohammed Osama A.
17
391
3.21
513
36
Rajagopal Ram S.
17
477
2.78
530
37
Wang Jianxiao
17
518
2.61
465
38
Wu Qiuwei
17
750
4.12
639
39
Yue Dong
17
381
1.81
385
40
Brandao D. I.
16
266
1.16
228
41
Chapman Archie C.
16
601
2.23
401
42
Dall’Anese Emiliano
16
217
2.95
350
43
Johnson Jay N.
16
326
2.21
180
44
Li Li
16
579
1.15
231
TABLE IV
THE 60 MOST PRODUCTIVE AND INFLUENTIAL AUTHORS, RANKED BY
45
Rana Md Masud
16
436
1.45
231
46
Sousa Tiago M.
16
551
2.33
365
47
Vásquez Juan Carlos
16
1670
8
4163
48
Wang Chengshan
16
468
3.1
702
49
Wang Jianhui
16
956
6.3
865
50
Andrén Filip Pröstl
15
316
2.28
208
51
Blaabjerg Frede
15
1 176
5.94
2 744
52
Cheng Potai
15
416
3.45
800
53
Haghifam Mahmoudreza
15
709
1.98
530
54
Kang Chongqing
15
876
3.37
692
55
Reno Matthew J.
15
170
4.42
192
56
Repo Sami
15
355
2.51
356
57
15
217
1.65
110
58
Sakis Meliopoulos
Athanasios P.
von Meier, Alexandra
15
351
3.78
547
59
You Shi
15
533
2.31
398
60
Zhong Haiwang
15
489
2.96
468
IV. MOST PRODUCTIVE AND INFLUENTIAL AUTHORS
SCHOLARLY OUTPUT
Author
SO
VC
FWCI
CC
1
2
3
4
Guerrero Josep M.
Illindala Mahesh S.
Vale Zita
Shahidehpour Mohammad
47
46
43
37
2 957
923
1 288
1 183
5.34
2.5
1.91
5.6
5519
689
737
2 036
5
Shahnia Farhad
34
819
2.09
520
6
Morais Hugo M.
32
1 016
2.08
572
7
B. Gharehpetian Gevork
31
1 032
3.19
1 345
8
Caldognetto Tommaso
31
712
2.01
523
9
Nguyen Phuong H.
30
669
1.6
315
10
Hatziargyriou Nikos
28
1 367
3.41
1 772
11
Mattavelli Paolo
28
693
2.55
397
12
Bindner Henrik William
26
746
1.81
461
13
26
541
4.45
1 197
14
Domínguez-Garćia
Alejandro D.
Tenti Paolo
26
752
2.3
456
15
Faria, Pedro
25
690
1.34
395
16
Ghosh Arindam
24
513
2.42
461
17
Hossain Md Jahangir
20
671
2.39
472
18
Joós Géza
20
562
2.35
478
19
Mancarella Pierluigi
20
1 063
3.86
589
20
Marnay Chris
20
1 879
3.84
1 105
21
Baghaee Hamid Reza
19
609
3.83
1 056
22
Catalão João P.S.
19
830
1.83
385
23
Khodaei Amin
19
668
5.32
1 577
24
Monti Antonello
19
445
2.02
359
25
Stadler Michael R.
19
1 591
2.58
801
26
Dou Chunxia
18
474
2.09
485
27
Dubey Anamika
18
259
2.81
272
28
Fotuhi Firuzabad Mahmud
18
700
2.2
694
29
Shafie-khah Miadreza
18
835
2.3
516
30
Siano Pierluigi
18
1 377
3.03
1 059
Authors with an h-index higher than 70 are listed in
Table V. This indicator is defined as the maximum value of
h such that a given author has published at least h papers,
each of which has been cited at least h times.
TABLE V
TOP TEN OF AUTHORS WITH HIGHEST H-INDEX
Authors
hindex
Authors
hindex
Blaabjerg Frede
Guerrero Josep M.
Shahidehpour Mohammad
Yu Xinghuo
142
107
88
142
Dong Zhao Yang
Liserre Marco
Tolbert Leon M.
Johansson Karl H.
76
73
72
71
Wang Jianhui
81
Singh Bhim
71
As shown in Fig. 6, taking the authors with the highest
score as the main criterion, we see that the ranking differs
significantly from that shown in Table IV. We show the
number of publications by authors on the secondary axis of
the ordinates. Most authors had fewer than 15 publications.
7
However, Shahidehpour Mohammad and Guerrero Josep
M. stand out by being present in this ranking. By crossing
the results of Table IV, Table V, and Fig. 6, we can assume
that Guerrero Josep M. and Shahidehpour Mohammad are
the most productive and influential authors in our corpus.
Fig. 6. Authors with the highest Field-Weighted Citation Impact
V. MOST CITED ARTICLES
For each year, global publications were extracted from
Scopus and ordered from the highest to lowest based on
their FWCI values. The publications were then split into
100 even percentiles and the FWCI thresholds were noted.
In our database, as shown in Fig. 7, 25% of the publications
are among the top 10% most cited publications worldwide
and 1% in the top 1%. In both cases, there was a clear
decrease since 2011. This can be explained by the growing
increase in work carried out over the last decade and the
diversity of sources. Furthermore, 1 052 publications
(39.9%) among the top 10% journals by CiteScore.
DERs and the time variance, topological changes
(unavailability and disconnection of DER units), and low
inertia and stability issues due to the high integration of
power electronic devices.
TABLE VI
TOP 5 OF MOST CITED PUBLICATIONS IN THE CORPUS
Topic Cluster
CC
Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and
DC microgrids – A general approach toward
standardization. [81]
Guerrero Josep M, Vasquez Juan C, Matas José,
De Vicuña Luis García, Castilla Miguel
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Control of power converters in AC microgrids. [78]
Rocabert Joan, Luna Alvaro, Blaabjerg Frede,
Rodriguez Pedro
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
Demand side management: Demand response,
intelligent energy systems, and smart loads. [53]
Palensky Peter, Dietrich Dietmar
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Demand side management in smart grid using
heuristic optimization. [75]
Logenthiran Thillainathan, Srinivasan Dipti, Shun
Tan Zong
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Smart distribution: Coupled microgrids. [47]
Lasseter Robert H
Proceedings of the IEEE
3334
FW
CI
72.8
2126
46.0
1984
37.6
873
36.3
831
76.8
VI. PUBLICATION DYNAMICS: MAPPING OF ACADEMIC
COLLABORATIONS AND GEOGRAPHIC TRENDS
Countries with more than 200 publications in the corpus
are shown in Fig. 8. The United States (US) is the clear
leader in terms of produced documents, views, and citation
counts. In the top 10, works from China and the US
combined account for almost half of the literature. These
works have also accumulated the most citations and views.
In terms of FWCI, Denmark ranks highest with a factor of
2.89, followed by the United Kingdom (UK) at 2.51, and
the US at 2.46. We note that the two most influential
authors in the previous section were from the US and
Denmark.
Fig. 7. Outputs in top citation percentiles
The top five most-cited publications are presented in
Table VI. All five were published in IEEE-affiliated
journals. The first two proposed methods for controlling
power converters, while the others deal with the intelligent
management of the grid mitigation means. Demand
response will indeed play a key role in the electricity
balancing act in the future, allow customers to charge their
real-time price of electricity, contribute to increasing the
efficiency and use of system assets, and increase the return
on investment by expanding the utilization of assets and
making the electricity sector more attractive to investors.
Network control has steadily become more complex. The
most prevailing challenges and desired features in
microgrid control include communication between all the
Fig. 8. Top 20 countries/regions in the publication set, by scholarly output
As described in Fig. 9, the ranking of research
institutions according to the number of publications on our
publication set shows a geography that is slightly different.
If the American and Chinese research institutions dominate
the top 10 publishers, the research institution that has been
publishing the most is the Technical University of Denmark
(it represented around 53 % of the Danish publications in
the domain). This is followed by the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the US Department of
Energy and North China Electric Power University. In the
fourth position, Aalborg University is the second Danish
institution among the top five, followed by Tsinghua
University. Notice that the Iranian University Islamic Azad
University is in 7th position and the University of Padua
from Italia in 10th position.
(TLS) with other countries. The TLS attribute refers to the
total strength of the co-authorship links between researchers
in each country and researchers from other countries.
China, Denmark, and the UK complete the top four with
214, 148, and 136 TLS, respectively. The four largest coauthorship links are between these country pairs: US/China,
US/Canada, Denmark/UK, and Denmark/China.
Fig. 9. Top 10 institutions in the publication set
VOSviewer was used to construct and visualize the
bibliometric collaboration networks. In our documentary
corpus, 96.3% of the publications were produced in a
collaborative context. In this study, collaboration indicates
the extent to which an entity’s publications have
international, national, or institutional co-authorship and
single authorship. As shown in Table VII, most papers were
published only through institutional collaboration and
achieved the highest number of citations. Only national
collaborations produced more documents than international
collaborations did; however, the number of citations was
lower. International collaborations have a better FWCI in
our dataset. Without collaboration, the authors were less
productive for the three indicators examined. It can be
deduced that the collaborations are generally paid by
obtaining 97% of the citations, in addition to the very large
number of publications.
TABLE VII
DISTRIBUTION AND IMPACT OF PUBLICATIONS IN A COLLABORATIVE
CONTEXT
International collaboration
Only national collaboration
Only institutional collaboration
Single authorship (no collaboration)
SO
Citations
FWCI
1 214
1 436
2 309
191
33 101
25 414
44 985
3436
2.29
1.81
1.95
1.56
The collaboration networks among different countries are
shown in Fig. 10. The distance between the two countries in
the visualization indicates the relatedness of the countries in
terms of co-authorship links. The closer the two countries
are to each other, the stronger their relatedness. The
strongest co-authorship links between the countries are
represented by lines. The US remains a central hub for
collaboration in the field, with 353 total link strengths
Fig. 10. Collaboration network among the different countries
VII. CONCLUSION
This article presents a bibliometric review of 6626
documents published in the literature from 2011 to 2020 by
crossing the concepts of distributed energy resources,
variable renewable energy, power system control, and
energy transition. Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative
study of the bibliographic materials. It provides a general
picture of the research field, which can be classified by
papers, authors, and journals.
The number of publications per year is rapidly growing.
The power grid is increasingly being treated as part of the
energy system. The main sources of the documents are
IEEE-affiliated transactions and societies journals. The
Technical University of Denmark was the largest
contributor. The US is a central hub for collaboration in the
field. Voltage control, frequency control, special protection
schemes, and defense plans are expected to evolve to
consider not only the intermittency of resource availability
but also the changing distribution of resources across the
system. Eventually, this work can be used for future
research directions in the areas of power system control and
automation in the context of the high penetration of
distributed energy resources and variable renewable energy.
Researchers new to the field can also use this study to better
target hot topics.
9
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study was produced through a collaboration
between two innovation strategies (COOPERE and CGAR)
of the research center of Hydro-Québec. COOPERE helps
to monitor emerging technologies related to DER in the
management and behavior of transmission and distribution
systems, to conduct follow-ups of university and industrial
collaborations, and develop the skills of the team's
researchers. CGAR helps to develop new automation
algorithms and maintain the performance of the defense
plan of Hydro-Québec.
The authors extend special thanks to Ms. Adriana
Bocanegra and Mr. Mohamed Baba-Moussa, two specialists
in information technology of the Institut de recherche
d’Hydro-Québec, for their contribution and support in this
bibliometric analysis process.
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Hussein Suprême (M’12–SM’19) received the bachelor’s degree
(2007) in electromechanical engineering from Faculté des Sciences,
Université d’État d’Haïti, Haïti; M. Sc. A. (2013) and Ph.D. (2017)
degrees from École de technologie supérieure, Canada.
He is currently a researcher at the Institut de Recherche d’HydroQuébec, specializing in the development of tools to assess the impact of
distributed energy resources (DER) integration on the transmission system,
dynamic performance, and control of power systems. He is also a project
manager for the R&D innovation program in the optimization of future
energy systems and planning of power system operations. He has been an
Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering with Université Laval since
2022, and Institut des Sciences, des Technologies et des Études Avancées
d’Haïti since 2019. He is a member of the Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec
(Professional Engineers Québec, Canada).
Dr. Suprême is an international consultant for the development of
variable renewable energy integration projects, rural electrification, power
grid simulation, and system stability. He was a recipient in 2011 of the
prestigious scholarship of "Programme canadien de bourses de la
Francophonie".
Nivine Abou Daher received the bachelor’s degree (2012) in
electrical engineering from Lebanese University, Master’s 2 Diploma
(2012) from Lebanese University and the University of Technology of
Compiègne, and the Ph.D. degree (2015) from Lebanese University and St.
Joseph University.
She has been a research engineer with the Institut de Recherche
d’Hydro-Quebec since 2019. Her research interests include power system
control.
Dr. Abou Daher is a member of the Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec
(Professional Engineers, Québec, Canada).
Martin de Montigny received his B.Eng. (1997), M.Eng. (2000) and Ph.
D. degrees (2006) in electrical engineering from Université du Québec à
Trois-Rivières.
Since 2007, he has worked as a researcher at the Hydro-Québec
Research Institute (IREQ) in the Network Control and Management
Department. He specializes in evaluating the transmission grid impacts of
variable renewable and distributed energy resources.
Dr. de Montigny is the project manager of the OSER initiative, which
aims to design and implement new tools for the transmission planners.
Annissa Heniche-Oussedik received the B.Eng. degree in electrical
engineering from Ecole Nationale des Ingénieurs et Techniciens d’Algérie
in 1985, and a master’s degree in control system, signal processing, and
Ph.D. degree in power system robust control from Paris 11 University,
Paris, France, 1992 and 1995, respectively.
She joined the Hydro-Québec Research Institute, in 2001, where she is
currently a Senior Researcher with the Power System Management and
Control Department.
Dr. Henniche Oussedik is also the project manager of the R&D
innovation strategy in the field of control systems and automation. His
primary activities include the development and implementation of power
systems, innovative special protection schemes, and control systems. She
was the Canadian representative of the Cigre C6 Study Committee and a
member of the Québec Order of Engineers.