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COMPREHENSIVE LAND
USE PLAN 2018-2027
VOLUME ONE: THE LAND
USE PLAN
CITY GOVERNMENT OF IMUS
PROVINCE OF CAVITE
FOREWORD
MESSAGE
It is with great honour and pride to be part of
the validation of the Enhanced Comprehensive Land
Use Plan of the City of Imus, Cavite.
Over the years, the City of Imus has proven
worthy of
the trust and confidence of its
constituents, as well as the
general
public for its
dedication
in ensuring the protection
and
development
of
its interests, through the
implementation of
effective
and efficient
development projects and ordinance.
Now, the City of Imus once again is in the verge of its next step to greatness, upon the
validation of the Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan and later on pave to the
enactment of Zoning Ordinance of 2019. Surely, this addition shall guide the future
actions of our community. Moreover, it presents a vision of the future, with long-term
goals and objectives of all projects that affect the local government of the City of Imus.
I would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to the citizens of the City of Imus, for their
continuous support and trust to the City Government of Imus, and all its endeavours.
Together, let us welcome the future and embrace its opportunities for the betterment of
our service to the City of Imus.
God Bless us all!
HON. ARNEL M. CANTIMBUHAN
City Vice May
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) serves as a guide in
achieving the vision of turning Imus into a premier city of sustainable
economic, environmental, and technological progress. It serves as a
framework on how to address the challenges the City is projected to face in
the coming years. These include, among others, the increasing demands of
its expanding population with respect to resource needs and quality public
services, possibilities on how to develop and expand its local economy, and
the adaptations of its citizens to the anticipated effects of climate change.
The City’s CLUP would be given teeth through the enactment of zoning
ordinances that have been forged through the active cooperation between
the local government and the citizens of Imus.
City of Imus’ CLUP builds on the updated compendium of data in the
Ecological Profile (EP) and identifies how the social, economic,
infrastructural, and institutional sectors can be planned and improved
through proper zoning and guidelines relating to land use. This Executive
Summary broadly touches on the land use profile and trends of Imus and
covers interconnected concerns and issues arising from these. Moreover, it
outlines the plans of action identified by the City Government to address
these issues. Subsequent chapters provide detailed discussions and
analysis matrices for specific issues and both ongoing and proposed policy
interventions for each sectoral study.
General Profile of the City
The City of Imus is a first class component city under the 3 rd Congressional
District of Cavite. It consists 97 barangays that have been grouped into
nine (9) clusters for ease of facilitating communications and interactions.
Imus has a total land area of 5,314.60 hectares and is located in
northeastern Cavite, bounded by Bacoor City, Kawit, Dasmariñas City,
General Trias City, and Muntinlupa City. It is proximate to Metro Manila and
is only 18 kilometers away from the City of Manila The City is mainly
composed of lowland alluvial plains as its gentle slopes (5-7%) with
elevations do not go beyond 70 meters from sea level. No active geologic
faults are known to transect Imus with the nearest active fault system, the
West Valley Fault, located in Muntinlupa City. The entire City is classified
as alienable and disposable (A&D). Of the total land area, about 1700
hectares or roughly 20% is for production and agricultural activities.
The general land use of Imus, as identified from land use surveys and
remote sensing with field validation, are built-up and agricultural. Roughly
2,651 hectares or 52.5% of the City are already built-up. Forty-three
percent or 2,177 hectares are cultivated lands for both annual and
perennial crops, while the remaining are mostly natural grasslands and
some fishponds. Such a land use composition is an expected pattern due
to its geographical, topographic and climatic characteristics. Fifty-five
percent (55%) of Imus consist of residential areas, government institutions,
parks, roads, industrial, and infrastructure land uses. It can be gleaned
from previous plans that there has been a significant area of agricultural
lands that have been converted to urban uses.
Land Use Patterns and Trends
The land use changes over recent years reflect the City’s continuous and
rapid urbanization. There are areas with a notably higher and growing
intensity of commercial and industrial uses such as those along Emilio
Aguinaldo Highway and major roads.
An issue that needs to be addressed as a result of the City’s urbanization
is the stricter implementation of zoning in areas intended for commercial
purposes. As a case in point, the zoning map indicates the central and
southern portions of the city that should be commercial and industrial areas
but are either vacant or remain as residential lands according to the
Existing Land Use Map (2017). Proper zoning also did not emerge for the
western and southeastern portions of the city. The Zone District Plan of
2017 prominently materialized along the lands that run parallel to Aguinaldo
highway and is predominantly gearing towards commercial and industrial
facilities that extent towards the south of the city.
A large amount of agricultural areas had been reclassified to urban uses in
the previous CLUP, and the conversion of agricultural lands, without proper
interventions, would likely continue. These include prime agricultural lands
and protected agricultural lands are being slowly converted into commercial
and residential uses which may compromise the City’s food security.
In addition, there are social services that need prioritization in terms of land
allocation. Increased student enrolment in public schools requires the
construction of new buildings and the identification of new lands in areas
that are safe from flooding and landslides. The same is true for public
health stations and facilities, which are projected to be inadequate to meet
the needs of the city’s projected population. There is also the increasing
challenge of solid waste management and recovery.
Environmental Issues and Concerns
An issue that Imus needs to prepare for is climate change. Cavite and the
surrounding areas in the region are generally expected to experience
higher temperatures in the future. Following a model of seasonal
temperature increase with moderate-range atmospheric emissions, there is
an expected rise of 1-degree Celsius by year 2020 from baseline readings
from 1971-2000. The model also predicts a total increase in temperature of
around 2-degrees by 2050.
The agricultural sector must be prepared with new approaches or croprelated technologies, since occurrence of dry spells can be expected
especially during summers. There may be higher occurrences of bushfires
and less water supply for crops. Warming may also be a health and safety
concern due to the urban heat-island effect which will be likely experienced
in built-up areas. Besides fire hazards, people may develop higher risks to
heat-strokes, fatigue, and other diseases.
Global climate change may possibly intensify the effects of typhoons and
monsoonal rains in the area. These could lead to higher risks of flooding
and landslides to certain barangays and facilities that offer social services
such as health centers and schools. To mitigate such concerns, the CLUP
includes data-driven Climate Disaster Risk Assessments (CDRA) per
sectoral study. Such risk evaluations identify facilities and infrastructure
that are exposed to climatic risks and propose physical or policy
interventions.
Climate change can also have repercussions on Imus City’s air quality.
Emissions from vehicles and industrial sites aggravate warming and by
themselves pose threats to the environment and health of the citizens. The
areas along Aguinaldo Highway are measured to have 200-300% beyond
the acceptable levels of pollutants in the atmosphere. Imus’s city
government must work on curbing emissions across these areas and
implement strict guidelines to counter air pollution. Currently, most
industries and establishments do not have safeguards against the emission
of smokes and fumes.
It is also critical for water quality to be monitored and improved. The Imus
and Alang-Ylang rivers are reported to exceed DENR’s standards for
parameters such as dissolved oxygen and chlorides. The rivers also have
an alarming level of heavy metals such as cadmium, which is indicative of
industrial and commercial activities. These water bodies also have
exceptionally high levels of coliform and fecal matter, a condition observed
in communities with industries and settlements that lack or are without
sewerage systems.
Based on population growth rates, the city is expected to produce around
490,000 metric tons of solid wastes in 2024, compared to the 177,000 tons
in 2015. About 114,000 (64%) tons are household wastes. The city
government must continue the strict implementation of its 10-year Solid
Waste Management Plan (2015-2024). Alongside awareness campaigns
for waste minimization, the city has materials recovery facilities for 88 out of
97 barangays, a centralized composting facility, and a system for producing
ecological bricks from residual wastes.
Development and Traffic Congestion
The CLUP comprehensively covers the transportation profile and facilities
of the city, as well as identifies issues that may need addressing to improve
traffic. There are about 81,000 registered vehicles in the city as of 2018
and this number has been steadily growing annually. The top three most
common vehicle types are motorcycles and tricycles, utility vehicles, and
cars, of which more than 50% are privately owned.
The traffic situation is also directly affected by the growth of the City’s
economic sector. There has been a noticeable increase in the number of
business permits issued in the last five years. These establishments
agglomerate on commercial areas that are arguably larger than the
standard, and the pattern of commercial development tends to be linear
across major highways. Such configuration reinforces car dependence in
accessing the establishments, leading to traffic congestion as well as air
and noise pollution.
Moreover, there are not enough roads within the city to support the
increasing intensity of vehicular traffic. The existing road design, similar to
many settlements, also discourage walking and cycling. These leads
people to prefer public transport modes for short trips. These people also
tend to compete with vehicles in using road space due to the lack of
sidewalks.
With respect to the congestive effects of commercial development, the
situation calls for the preparation and enforcement of a traffic improvement
plan along with a comprehensive transport plan. The city government
should also consider leaning more towards compact and vertical
development. Moreover, policies that link business licensing to a land use
monitoring system should continuously be enacted.
A Local Public Transport Route Management Plan (LPTRP) must also be
developed. Through the LPTRP, strategic locations for integrated transport
terminals and public parking spaces can be identified and constructed.
Pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks must be improved with safety
measures such as additional barriers and streetlights. Moreover, certain
gated roads that belong to subdivisions can be studied and opened to
potentially ease traffic at major thoroughfares.
Population Growth, Water Supply, and the Housing Situation
Rapid urbanization and proximity to Metro Manila leads to rapid population
growth and, consequently, higher demands for housing in the city. Imus
experienced fluctuating population growth since the 1900s but there is a
noticeable increase in recent history due to in-migration. The 2015 census
reveals that the population increased from 301,624 to 403,785 (6.01%
growth), alongside little but steady decreases in Crude Death Rates. Based
on projections using an annual growth rate of 4.95%, there will be around
720,000 people by 2027. The 2015 household count of 97,397 is expected
to almost double to 175,855 during the aforementioned period, a condition
that is expected to exert pressure on the City’s current housing facilities.
According to the Housing Situation data from 2010 NSO Census, the ratio
of Household Population to Occupied Housing Units (HU) is at 4.27. This is
slightly higher than the national standards of 1:1 indicating the existence of
doubled-up housing and a shortage of housing unit. Doubled-up
households, or double occupancy, exists when one dwelling unit is shared
by two or more households. There is a significant increase in the number of
occupied housing units from 2000 to 2010 resulting from the rapid
development of housing subdivisions in CALABARZON.
The most recent data on subdivision as of 2014 reveals that most
subdivisions are classified as Open Market Residential Subdivisions with
more than 60% share of residential land area occupied. This is followed by
Economic Housing with almost 30% share, while only 8.73% are occupied
by Low Cost/Socialized Housing. Commercial subdivision shares less than
1% of the area occupied. In 2015, there was an increase in the subdivision
land area to 1612.31 hectares that were made up of an estimated 135,500
lots/units.
Residential lands occupy the largest land area in the city, and this is
primarily due to the increase of lands converted into subdivisions and the
influx of migrants into Imus. Metro Manila is also sprawling towards its
fringes and Cavite serves as a more accessible place of residence for
people who want to have homes more proximate to their workplaces.
Among these residential areas are 11 hectares of informal settlements
which are occupied by poor and marginalized families.
In a mapping workshop conducted by DSWD, it was identified that there
are at least 812 households residing in informal settlements as of 2017.
The situation could be improved if the city government finds ways to
allocate more low-cost housing facilities. As of 2014, there are 36
subdivisions for socialized housing (Php 150,000 maximums selling price),
including Bliss Homes, and 133 for economic housing (Php 375,000)
among all 477 subdivisions identified. In terms of percentage distribution,
only 8.73% of the total residential land area has been allocated for
socialized housing.
Besides the further need for socialized housing, special attention must be
given to mitigating flood risks on informal settlers. Around 15% of the City’s
informal settlements are exposed to moderate to high risks of flooding
because of their proximity to water bodies within the city.
Equally important is the degree of stress that the population will exert to the
city’s power and water utilities. Insufficient supply of water and electricity
can significantly disrupt socio-economic activities and lead to monetary
losses and inconvenience of the residents. In collaboration with utility
providers, the city government can allocate land and grant zoning
approvals for future expansion of utility infrastructure.
In connection with housing and the aforementioned environmental issues,
water supply and water-related infrastructure is another critical concern.
Household water is mainly supplied by Maynilad, BP Waterworks, and
Goodhands Water Specialists. However, around 30% of the total 1.6 million
cubic meters of the city’s monthly consumption are sourced through deep
wells. Relying on deep wells can potentially deplete the supply of
groundwater and this may lead to ground subsidence in the long run. In
addition, a fifth of all households are either served by a Level 1 supply or
are from unaccounted connections. As an intervention, the Community
Based Monitoring System (CBMS) must be utilized to account for all Level I
water supply systems. The local government must also formulate policies
to limit groundwater dependency.
Impacts to Education, Health, and other Social Sub-Sectors
The steady growth of population and the growing constraints to equitable
land allocation are expected to apply stress to the City’s social services.
There is a rising need to identify land requirements and safe areas for
constructing new educational and health service buildings, as well as the
consideration of vertical expansions of these facilities in some barangays.
Public elementary and secondary school enrolment increased by 4.9% and
9.9% respectively from 2014 to 2017. It is projected that there will be more
than 70,000 and 40,000 fresh enrollees respectively at the primary and
secondary level in 2027. This will require the construction of around 1500
new classrooms and hiring around 750 new teachers to comply with
Department of Education standards.
Health services may also entail higher costs due to the lack of public health
facilities. To partially address this concern, a government hospital is
currently being constructed in Barangay Malagasang 1-G. It was also
observed that around 25 public health centers and clinics are located in
areas of low to moderate risks of flooding, while 12 are in areas at risks of
being affected by landslides. In fact, the government hospital that is being
built is also potentially exposed to some risk of flooding. Hence, there is
potential disruption of delivering basic health services at the community
level, particularly in times of meteorological disturbances. To mitigate the
possibility of service disruption, existing facilities need to be retrofitted with
hazard resistant designs. If possible, certain health stations may need
relocation to safer sites.
The physical structures are not the only issues with the health and medical
sector. There is also a notable gap between the population and the number
of health personnel. Funding allocation towards the sector must be
increased so that new staff can be hired, and health personnel complement
must be augmented.
Aside from schools and health facilities, resources must also be allocated
to enhance the city’s protective services. The current ratio of police to
citizens is roughly at 1:3000 while the PNP standard is 1:1000. The same is
true for the fire brigade where there is only one fire personnel for roughly
every 22,000 people when the ideal is 1:2000.
To compensate for the city’s limited protective services personnel
particularly the police, the local government has trained and mobilized
several civilian volunteer organizations to aid maintaining peace and order.
These groups include the Police Assistance Group, the Junior Police
Force, and the Bantay Bayan Volunteers. In terms of policy interventions,
the city needs to recruit more police and conduct more training for
volunteer fire response. Coordination with the CDRRMO must also be
improved for faster response times.
Proposed Land Use Plan
The Proposed Land Use Plan for the City of Imus was based on the overall
vision of the city, as well as the development thrusts and strategies needed
to attain it.
Table 1. Existing and Proposed Land Uses Matrix (2018-2027) of the
City of Imus
Land Use Classification
Existing
Land Use
%
Proposed
Land Use
%
%
Change
Residential
2,120.20
39.89%
2,862.35
53.86%
13.97
Agricultural
1,071.63
20.16%
233.47
4.39%
-15.29
Commercial
109.24
2.06%
363.33
6.84%
4.78
Institutional
62.31
1.17%
94.18
1.77%
0.60
Industrial
88.09
1.66%
116.89
2.20%
0.54
0
0.00%
10.53
0.20%
0.20
Roads
460.76
8.67%
631.32
11.88%
3.21
Rivers and Waterways
64.28
1.21%
64.28
1.21%
0.00
Parks and Recreational
0.57
0.01%
32.52
0.61%
0.60
0
0.00%
31.32
0.59%
0.59
Idle lands
1,247.01
23.46%
0.00
0.00%
-23.46
Cemetery
19.43
0.37%
33.83
0.64%
0.26
Infrastructure and Utilities
58.7
1.10%
65.09
1.22%
0.12
Dumpsite
1.37
0.03%
0.00
0.00%
-0.03
Informal Settlement
11
0.21%
0.00
0.00%
-0.21
Socialized Housing
0
0.00%
37.71
0.71%
0.71
MRF
0
0.00%
0.61
0.01%
0.01
PUD
0
0.00%
737.18
13.87%
13.87
Total
5,314.59
100.00%
5,314.59
100.00%
0.00
Industrial Buffer
Linear Parks
Figure 1. Proposed Land Use Map (2018-2027), City of Imus
Residential Land Uses
The existing land allocation of 2,120.2 ha. for residential land uses is
adequate in providing the housing needs for its constituents including the
city’s large housing backlog. This backlog can be attributed to the lack of
low priced housing which has led to the existence of unoccupied housing
units and idle lots, as well as the presence of informal settlements. As
such, an additional 742.15 ha. of land or a 13.97% land increase will be
allocated for residential uses that allow low priced housing developments,
such as midrise housing. The aggressive projections on the increase of
residential lands is connected with the growth of minor commercial uses
allowed in residential zones.
In addition to the increase of residential land uses, the 37.71 ha. will be
allotted for Socialized Housing Projects in compliance to Republic Act (RA)
7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act. This project also aims to
eradicate the 11 ha. of informal settlements present in the city.
Agricultural Land Uses
Due to the projected continued urbanization of the city, agricultural lands
will further be reduced to pave way for other uses related to urban
development such as roads, infrastructures, and utilities. Approximately
838.16 ha. of the agricultural lands will be converted to urban uses. To
ensure that the city will be able to support the basic food requirements of its
inhabitants, the intensification and modernization of agricultural practices is
proposed. Since productive agricultural lands are continually becoming
scare, the general strategy is to increase yields per hectare by increasing
the income and purchasing power of the agricultural sector by focusing on
high-value products and establishing a processes that will add value to
these goods. Also, portions of this land use shall be allocated for tourism
purposes, especially those farmlands that showcase best practices in
sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, idle lands and open spaces shall be
converted into temporary community urban farms to supplement food
production and optimize land productivity. The remaining agricultural lands,
majority of which are prime and irrigated land shall be strictly protected
from land conversion.
Commercial Land Uses
If current economic trends in the province are to continue, commercial land
uses shall see a considerable increase in land allocation for the next ten
years. These lands are situated along the main provincial economic
corridor (Aguinaldo Highway), and near the City of Dasmariñas – one of
CALABARZON’s commercial hubs.
The existing commercial land uses of 109.24 ha., shall be increase to
363.33 ha. in the proposed plan. The 4.78% increase was to accommodate
the city’s potential to become a magnet for trade and commerce. These
establishments shall also aid in marketing products of the city’s industries.
The main commercial centers will be along the Aguinaldo Highway while
the Special Development District shall be adjacent to the Planned Unit
Development of Vermosa to complement activities and uses. In addition,
minor commercial districts shall also be allowed to ensure that small
neighborhood and communities can easily access their basic needs.
Institutional Land Uses
The increase in institutional land use allocation can be attributed to the
development of a new Government Center. A total of 94.18 ha. of land will
be designated for institutional uses to further expand the facilities and
services of the LGU. This allocation is to support the city’s drive for efficient
and improved public services.
Industrial Land Uses
Being part of the industrial center of the province and region, a total
industrial land area of 116.89 ha. will be allocated to provide additional
livelihood opportunities for the people of Imus. An additional 28.80 ha.
shall be for the development of an industrial park which will be located in
Malagasang, in the southwest portion of the city and away from the
residential settlements. This will complement the activities within the area
and incorporate the principles of industrial ecology and environmental
protection. In order to ensure that industrial uses do not affect adjacent
uses, an additional 10.53 ha. of industrial buffer is proposed for new and
existing industrial developments. In addition, industries are required to
comply with environmental regulations such as the provision of solid and
liquid waste management programs and the monitoring of emission and air
pollution.
Special Area Development
Approximately 737.18 ha. of land is allocated for Special Area
Development, which will become the Vermosa District. The area is a
mixed-used residential, commercial and institutional development
envisioned to be a major regional magnet for settlers, employment,
commercial establishments, educational institutions and recreational
activities. To ensure it’s compliance with the city’s environmental
standards, the project shall be accompanied by a Comprehensive
Development Master Plan (CDMP) which will outlines the proposed land
uses, building density and bulk, road layout, and road and sidewalk section
details. This CDMP would also include the layout of utilities such as potable
water, storm drainage, sewerage, power supply, telecommunications and
solid waste management.
Parks and Recreation
Majority of Parks and Recreation land use type in Imus will come in the
form of green open spaces and linear parks (along rivers) that serve as
nature’s green lungs in an urban setting. In the proposed land use plan, an
additional of 31.95 ha. is projected to account for the open space and
recreational needs of the city’s future population in the next ten years.
These facilities and spaces shall be supported by a city-wide parks and
plaza development program which aims to enhance existing public
recreational areas and to connect these via green and walkable corridors.
Memorial Parks and Cemeteries
To provide for the projected increase in land demand for burial sites and
cemeteries, an additional 14.40 ha. will be allotted under the memorial
parks and cemeteries land use. The expansion areas shall be located near
the existing cemeteries in Toclong and Bayan Luma.
Infrastructure and Utilities
There is a proposed increase of 6.39 ha. for utilities and other related land
uses for the period 2018-2027. These lands will be used for expanding
critical facilities and infrastructures related to solid waste, power, water and
transportation. The main structures targeted for this land use shall include
retarding basins and transport support facilities (i.e., impounding areas and
transport terminals). In addition, 0.61 ha. will be appropriated for the
development of three new MRFs that will be strategically situated around
the city.
Roads
Roads land areas are expected to increase by 170.56 ha. for the next ten
years. This was based on the projected need for a more connected and
efficient city circulation. Such outlays, once implemented, would both
increase the number of arterial roads and, consequently, improve mobility
within the city. Activities for this type of land use would include the
development of new roads and the widening of existing ones.
Rivers and Waterways
Waterways and other natural water bodies shall have the same land area
of 64.28 hectares as per the existing land use data. Lands of this type shall
be protected from conversion and other negative impacts caused by human
activities. Easements and buffers from these water bodies are to be
enforced as stated under the Water Code. Portions of these easements
shall be allotted for linear parks and pathways.
Proposed Overlay Uses
Overlay zones are special regulatory tools that facilitate the creation of a
special zone or district, placed over existing base zones, which defines
special and additional provisions to the latter. Allowable uses within these
zones shall consider the special concerns of particular land uses and areas
within Imus. These zones aim to enhance an area’s the physical character
and form as well as the activities conducted within it by providing necessary
regulations and redirecting activities, programs and projects in these
special districts.
1. Culture and Heritage Overlay
Culture and Heritage Overlay aims to maintain and preserve historic and
cultural assets that make up the image and character of the city. Those
places that are covered by the Cultural Heritage Overlay include the
Poblacion Culture and Heritage District, the Battle of Alapan site, and other
historical landmarks. In some cases, especially with historical landmarks
and monuments, this regulation would propose a buffer of 20 m. for such
sites.
2. Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development Overlay
Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development Overlay intends to
apportion a section of the city’s agricultural lands for intensified and
modernized farming practices. Activities inside this zone shall be supported
by an Agro-industrial Research and Development Program to be
implemented by the LGU. Areas covered under this zone include a portion
of the agricultural land area in Malagasang.
3. Organic Urban Farming Overlay
This overlay zone particularly intends to maximize the use of idle lands by
using these for production purposes. Portions of Alapan, Carsadang Bato,
Bucandala, Bayang Luma, Medicion, Tanzang Luma and Toclong were
selected to be part of this. Provisions under this zone aim to incentivize the
conversion of these lands into temporary organic urban farms while
penalizing owners whose lands remain idle.
A community urban gardening program shall be implemented in this
overlay zone to capacitate communities and provide initial assistance in
establishing urban farms as well as to improve community participation and
cooperation.
4. Institutional Hub Overlay
The Institutional Hub Overlay shall be located in the new Government
Center in Malagasang and aims to ensure that this new complex shall
embody the image of Imus as a Premiere City in the region.
5. Cultural Urban Corridor Overlay
The Cultural Urban Corridor Overlay shall be implemented along the urban
corridor of Aguinaldo Highway in order to improve and enhance this area’s
capacity to properly represent the city of Imus.
6. Hazard Overlays
Two Hazard Overlays, namely Flood Overlay and Liquefaction Overlay,
shall be implemented within the city to avoid/mitigate occurrences of such
hazard, minimize its impacts on the different systems of interest, and to
protect lives and properties in the identified hazard-susceptible areas.
Flood Overlay shall be implemented on areas 20 meters from both sides of
major rivers and waterways, and in flood-prone areas of barangays of Pagasa, Medicion, Toclong and Buhay na Tubig as identified in the Flood
Susceptibility Map. On the other hand, Liquefaction Overlay shall cover
areas in Alapan, Pag-asa, Carsadang Bago, Medicion and Toclong as
indicated in the Liquefaction Susceptibility Map.
Proposed Overlay Uses Map
Proposed Land Use with Overlay Use Map (2018-2027)
Agricultural Lands and Land Conversion
Another key impact of Imus City’s urbanization is the loss of agricultural
lands. In 2017, there was 1071.63 hectares of agricultural lands in Imus,
comprising a fifth of the city’s total land area. Seventy-two percent of these
are rice farms. The issue needs immediate attention since the agricultural
lands of the city decreased by an alarming 37% in from 1990 to 2017.
Among the 14 barangays where the farmlands are located, there are just
three cases where some growth in size of agricultural land area was
observed while the remaining has lost up to 17% of its total agricultural
area since 1990. In a span of one year from 2016 to 2017, there has been
a decrease from 7583 to 5396 metric tons (-28.8%) in rice production.
Rice, among other crops, is an important produce of the city as it is
equivalent to a large 15.14% of the total production in the province of
Cavite. Through the CLUP, the city government needs to continue
allocating land and budget for facilities that support the farmers. These
include rice mills, threshers, motorized pumps and flatbed dryers. The local
government should also maintain its initiatives such as the Organic
Agricultural Program, Technological Demonstrations, and High Value
Crops Production training to sustain the agricultural community.
To mitigate the effects of the already converted agrarian lands, the
government can introduce policies on intensification of production in the
remaining farmlands, implement a Sustainable Agricultural Program, and
encourage urban farming. Also through the CLUP, a strong monitoring
mechanism must enforce strict zoning to preserve remaining agricultural
lands.
Finally, these crop lands are also exposed to moderate to high risks of
flooding and eventual warming due to climate change. The agrarian sector
must explore new technological and climate-resistant strategies and
support facilities for their crops.
The Zoning Ordinance
The proposed interventions that would guide the future use and
development of various levels of lands allotted for agriculture, residence,
institutions, industries, commerce, recreation, roads, and water in Imus City
will be legally implemented through the enactment of a detailed 108-page
zoning ordinance (ZO).
The proposed ZO of Imus City can be considered as an innovative
document as it deviated from the usual zoning ordinance that focuses
mainly on Euclidean or exclusionary zoning that pigeon holes areas into
rather inflexible uses. While the Imus City ZO still employs Euclidean
principles, this ordinance combines these with regulations that allow for
certain land uses and intensities within specific areas for as long as these
comply with performance standards. Aside from principal uses in certain
zones, certain uses that are compatible to the main land use, called
accessory uses, may be allowed. The proposed ZO also allows for
conditional land uses or that may not be necessarily compatible with a
principal use but whose possible ill-effects may be mitigated by setting
performance standards or regulations. An example of this innovation is how
the ZO allows for organic urban farms and community-level commercial
centers to exist within residential areas.
The proposed ZO also complies with the recent guidelines of the Housing
and Land Use Regulatory Board’s standards pertaining to CDRA principles
as it uses hazard overlay zones (i.e., flood, liquefaction) that are overlain
on basic zones in order to come up with additional regulation to determine
additional allowable uses, building densities, and structural designs. The
ZO also employed these overlay zones to identify areas that could be
earmarked for agri-industrial research, organic urban farming, culture and
heritage, and urban corridors. Once implemented, it is hoped that this
innovative approach would lead to not only additional employment for
Imusenos, but also diversify the City’s economy. Moreover, the Imus City
ZO incentivizes projects that use CCA/DRRM technologies and
innovations, such as the use of solar panels, rainwater harvesting, smart
urban drainage systems, and green architecture, among others.
The Planning Process
The formulation of the city’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) is one
of the mandated plans by the Local Government Code of 1991 Section
20(c). The CLUP serve as the long-term strategic development plan of the
City of Imus by rationalizing the use of land resources. The CLUP
formulation process is consistent with the Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board (HLURB) standards and guidelines on mainstreaming
climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR).
A group of consultants were hired to provide consultative services in the
analysis, formulation and preparation of the CLUP, including the Zoning
Map and Sectoral (environmental, social, economic, infrastructure, and
institutional) Studies, in accordance with the existing guidelines by the
HLURB and other agencies. To check the accuracy of the database, a
thorough field collection and validation was facilitated. Also a series of
meetings and workshops were conducted during the planning and
deliberations of the CLUP’s documentations. The inputs coming from the
various stakeholders were also considered as an important proposition in
this nine year plan.
Period of Implementation
The project was started last December 2017 and the following are phases
of the project conducted by the City Planning Development Office and
CLUP Technical Working Group in coordination with the hired consultants.
Phase 1. Preparatory and Profiling 2018
December
• Contract Signing
• Identification and Creation of the CLUP TWG
• Data assessment and collection
• CLUP Orientation
2017
to
January,
Phase 2. Conduct of CDRA and Sectoral Studies March, 2018
February
-
• Drafting/Revisiting Vision and objectives
• Assessing Climate and Disaster Risks
• Identifying Sectoral Issues and Gaps
• Mapping of Existing Land Uses & Critical Facilities/Points of Interests &
Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, Capacity databases
• Drafting of Sectoral Studies (CLUP Vol.3)
Phase 3. Formulation of the Land Use Plan -
March-May, 2018
• Presentation and Validation of Sectoral Studies
• Consultation and finalization of vision and objectives
• Drafting of development strategy
Phase 4. Finalization of the Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance May- August, 2018
• Presentation and Validation of Draft Land Use Plan and Proposed Zoning
Ordinance (TWG and LCE)
• Presentation and Validation of Proposed Policy Intervention, Programs
and Projects for the Implementation of the Plan
Phase 5. Presentation of Draft CLUP to SP for approval by the LCE November, 2018
• Technical briefing of Draft CLUP to the LCE
• Draft CLUP Powerpoint Pesentation
• Revised Draft CLUP (integrating inputs from the SP)
Phase 6. Public Consultation
The public hearing on the Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the
City of Imus was conducted last April 23, 2019 at the Imus Sport Complex,
Imus, Cavite. It was participated by the different sectors coming from the
public and private organizations within the City of Imus. Different
government agencies and offices like the Provincial Planning Office of
Cavite, Housing Land Use Regulatory Board and other neighboring
city/municipality were also invited. The minutes of the meeting and the list
of attendees and other important documents were attached as annexes in
this executive summary.
Phase 7. Approval and Adaptation of the Enhanced Comprehensive
Land Use Plan
The Enhanced Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2018-2027 of the City of
Imus, Cavite was approved and adopted by the Sangguniang Panlungsod
of the City of Imus Cavite through Sangguniang Panlungsod Resolution No.
03-2018-260 dated December 03, 2018. While the Zoning Ordinance of the
City of Imus Cavite was adopted through Sangguniang Panglungsod
Resolution No. 03-115 Series of 2018 dated December 10, 2018. It was
then submitted on May, 2019 to the Sangguniang Panglalawigan for final
review and adoption.
LIST OF ACRONYMS
A&D
Alienable and Disposable
ARCs
Agrarian Reform Communities
BFP
Bureau of Fire Protection
BHS
Barangay Health Station
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BPLO
Business Permit and Licensing Office
BPO
Business Processes Outsourcing
BPWI
BP Waterworks, Inc.
BSWM
Bureau of Soils and Water Management
CALABARZON
Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon
CALAX
Cavite-Laguna Expressway
CAO
City Agriculturist Office
CAVITEX
Cavite Expressway
CAVSU
Cavite State University
CBMS
Community-based Monitoring System
CCA
Climate Change Adaptation
CCTV
Closed-Circuit Television
CCVA
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
CDMP
Comprehensive Development Master Plan
CDP
Comprehensive Development Plan
CDRA
Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
CEO
City Engineering Office
CITMO
City of Imus Traffic Management Office
CLUP
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CPDO
City Planning and Development Office
CSWDO
City Social Welfare and Development Office
DAR
Department of Agrarian Reform
DBM
Department of Budget and Management
DENR
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd
Department of Education
DIGITEL
Digital Telecommunications Phils., Inc.
DILG
Department of the Interior and Local Government
DO
Dissolved Oxygen
DOF
Department of Finance
DOH
Department of Health
DoT
Department of Tourism
DoTr
Department of Transportation
DPWH
Department of Public Works and Highway
DRA
Disaster Risk Assessment
DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DSWD
Department of Social Welfare and Development
EMB
Environment Management Bureau
GDTS
General Development Thrusts and Strategies
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
GIS
Geographic Information System
GLOBE
Globe Telecommunication, Inc.
GSS
Guadalupe Soil Series
GWSI
Goodhands Water Specialists, Inc.
HDI
Human Development Indicators
HH
Households
HLURB
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
HU
Housing Unit
ICT
Information and Communication Technology
IEC
Information, Education, and Communication
IRA
Internal Revenue Allotment
IRR
Implementing Rules and Regulation
ISFs
Informal Settler Families
IT
Information Technology
IVTS
Imus Vocational and Technical School
JICA
Japanese International Cooperation Agency
KWH
Kilowatt per Hour
LDIP
Local Development Investment Program
LGC
Local Government Code
LGU
Local Government Unit
LTO
Land Transportation Office
MARDD
Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development District
Maynilad
Maynila Water Services Inc.
MERALCO
Manila Electric Company
MGB
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MRF
Materials Recovery Facility
MSMEs
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
MVA
Megavolt Amperes
NAMRIA
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
NBC
National Building Code
NCCA
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
NGA
National Government Agency
NHCP
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
NPAAAD
Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro-industrial Development
NSO
National Statistics Office
NWRB
National Water Resources Board
OUFD
Organic Urban Farming District
PAGASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PHIVOLCS
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PLDT
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
PNP
Philippine National Police
PSA
Philippine Statistical Authority
PUD
Planned Unit Development
R&D
Research and Development
RA
Republic Act
RDP
Regional Development Plan
RPFP
Regional Physical Framework Plan
SAFDZ
Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone
SGLG
Seal of Good Local Governance
SMART
Smart Telecommunications, Inc.
TOD
Transit-Oriented Development
WQMA
Water Quality Management Areas
ZO
Zoning Ordinance
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1.
1
BRIEF PROFILE OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF IMUS
1.1. HISTORY
1.2. GEO-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
1
6
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
6
8
11
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
POLITICAL BOUNDARIES
TOPOGRAPHY
1.3. GEOLOGY
14
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
16
18
SOILS
ACTIVE FAULTS
1.4. LAND RESOURCES
20
1.4.1. LAND CLASSIFICATION
1.4.2. PROTECTED AGRICULTURAL LANDS
1.4.3. LAND COVER
1.4.4. HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES
1.4.5. BIODIVERSITY
1.4.6. CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS
1.4.7. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE CITY OF IMUS TO PARTICULAR HAZARDS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
1.4.8. DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS
1.4.8.1. RISKS TO FLOOD
1.4.8.2. RISKS TO LANDSLIDES
1.4.8.3. RISKS TO OTHER EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED HAZARDS
1.4.9. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
1.4.10. SOLID W ASTE MANAGEMENT
20
20
22
24
28
28
31
37
37
38
40
40
42
1.5. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
1.6. SOCIAL SECTOR
42
47
1.6.1.
1.6.2.
1.6.1.
1.6.2.
1.6.3.
1.6.4.
47
48
50
53
54
56
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: EDUCATION
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: HEALTH AND SANITATION
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: HOUSING
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: SOCIAL W ELFARE SERVICES
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: PROTECTIVE SERVICES
SOCIAL SUB-SECTOR: SPORTS AND RECREATION
1.7. ECONOMIC SECTOR
57
1.7.1.
1.7.2.
1.7.3.
1.7.4.
57
59
61
63
ECONOMIC SUB-SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
ECONOMIC SUB-SECTOR: COMMERCE AND TRADE
ECONOMIC SUB-SECTOR: INDUSTRY
ECONOMIC SUB-SECTOR: CULTURE, HERITAGE, AND TOURISM
1.8. INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
64
1.8.1.
1.8.2.
1.8.3.
1.8.4.
64
69
74
76
INFRASTRUCTURE SUB-SECTOR: TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE SUB-SECTOR: POWER
INFRASTRUCTURE SUB-SECTOR: W ATER
INFRASTRUCTURE SUB-SECTOR: INFORMATION, AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 2.
78
GENERAL LAND USE STUDIES
2.1. GENERAL LAND USES
2.2. LAND USE PATTERN AND TRENDS
2.3. LAND USE ISSUES AND CONCERNS
78
81
84
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
84
85
85
85
UNMANAGED URBAN EXPANSION
SIGNIFICANT PRESENCE OF UNPRODUCTIVE IDLE AND VACANT LANDS
INADEQUATE EQUITABLE HOUSING
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CLIMATE-RELATED AND HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
2.3.5. PRESSURE ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
2.3.6. NON-INTEGRATION OF URBAN GREENING DESIGNS AND PRACTICES
2.3.7. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AFFECTING NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
2.3.8. LIMITED ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES THAT WOULD SUSTAIN EMPLOYMENT OF LOCALS
2.3.9. POTENTIAL THREAT TO FOOD SECURITY AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY
2.3.10. INADEQUATE PROMOTION, PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AND CULTURE
2.3.11. LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES TO SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS AND NEEDS
2.3.12. BOUNDARY DISPUTES
86
86
87
88
88
88
89
89
2.4. DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS AND OPPORTUNITIES
90
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
GATEWAY TO METRO MANILA AND OTHER MAJOR URBAN CENTERS
SUSTAINED DEMAND IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING
90
PRODUCTS
2.4.3. DEMAND FOR EQUITABLE HOUSING DUE TO POPULATION INCREASE
2.4.4. LABOR FORCE SURPLUS
2.4.5. INCREASED DEMAND FOR COMMERCIAL AND ICT SERVICES, FINANCE, AND TRADE ACTIVITIES
2.4.6. CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR HISTO-CULTURAL TOURISM
2.4.7. AVAILABILITY OF URBAN FARMING TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES
2.4.8. AVAILABILITY OF LANDS FOR FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
2.4.9. GOOD FISCAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL HEALTH STATUS
91
91
91
92
92
92
93
93
2.5. FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF THE CITY
94
2.5.1.
2.5.2.
94
95
ROLE IN CAVITE PROVINCE
ROLE IN SOUTHERN TAGALOG REGION
CHAPTER 3.
97
THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
3.1. VISION AND MISSION
3.2. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
3.3. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
97
98
103
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
104
REVITALIZATION OF IMUSEÑOS CULTURE AND HERITAGE
EXPANSION AND GENERATION OF A WIDE RANGE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND LIVELIHOOD
OPPORTUNITIES
3.3.3. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CITY AS MAGNET FOR TOURISTS AND CITY-GOERS
3.3.4. MAKE THE IMUSEÑOS PEOPLE THE FOUNDATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROVINCE
3.3.5. DEVELOPMENT OF LIVELIER AND HEALTHIER COMMUNITIES
3.3.6. INCORPORATION OF GREEN STRATEGIES IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT
3.3.7. IMPROVEMENT AND PROVISION OF VITAL INFRASTRUCTURES
3.3.8. ESTABLISHMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL AND CIVIC CENTERS
3.3.9. CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER RESILIENCY
104
105
106
106
107
107
108
109
3.4. PLANNING CONCEPTS AND SPATIAL STRATEGIES
110
3.4.1.
3.4.2.
3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.4.5.
3.4.6.
3.4.7.
110
110
111
111
112
112
113
MULTI-NODAL DEVELOPMENT
URBAN CORRIDORS
COMPACT, GREEN, AND WALKABLE TOWN CONCEPT
COMPLETE NEIGHBORHOODS CONCEPT
RECTILINEAR DEVELOPMENT
INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
3.5. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS
3.6. STRUCTURE PLAN
113
120
3.6.1. DISTRICTS (GROWTH NODES)
3.6.1.1. SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT (VERMOSA DISTRICT)
3.6.1.2. CULTURE AND HERITAGE DISTRICTS
3.6.1.3. NEW GOVERNMENT CENTER
3.6.1.4. AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS
3.6.1.5. INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT
3.6.1.6. SOCIALIZED HOUSING DISTRICT
3.6.2. URBAN CORRIDOR
3.6.3. CIRCULATION SYSTEM
3.6.3.1. MAJOR ARTERIAL ROADS
122
124
128
135
137
143
146
146
147
150
3.6.3.2. BIKE LANES AND W ALKWAYS
3.6.3.3. TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT FACILITIES
3.6.4. SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURES AND UTILITIES
3.6.4.1. MATERIALS RECOVERY FACILITIES
3.6.4.2. RETARDING BASINS
3.6.5. PROTECTION AREAS
150
151
153
153
153
153
3.7. PROPOSED LAND USE
155
3.7.1. RESIDENTIAL LAND USES
3.7.2. AGRICULTURAL LAND USES
3.7.3. COMMERCIAL LAND USES
3.7.4. INSTITUTIONAL LAND USES
3.7.5. INDUSTRIAL LAND USES
3.7.6. SPECIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT
3.7.7. PARKS AND RECREATION
3.7.8. MEMORIAL PARKS AND CEMETERIES
3.7.9. INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES
3.7.10. ROADS
3.7.11. RIVERS AND W ATERWAYS
157
157
158
158
158
159
159
159
160
160
160
3.8. PROPOSED OVERLAY USES
160
3.8.1.
3.8.2.
3.8.3.
3.8.4.
3.8.5.
3.8.6.
161
161
161
162
162
162
CULTURE AND HERITAGE OVERLAY
MODERN AGRI-INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY
ORGANIC URBAN FARMING OVERLAY
INSTITUTIONAL HUB OVERLAY
CULTURAL URBAN CORRIDOR OVERLAY
HAZARD OVERLAYS
3.9. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
166
3.9.1. ZONING ORDINANCE
3.9.2. OTHER REGULATORY MEASURES
3.9.2.1. IMPOSITION OF GRADUATED OR SELECTIVE IDLE LAND TAX
3.9.2.2. SPECIAL BENEFIT LEVY
3.9.2.3. SOCIALIZED HOUSING TAX
3.9.2.4. EMINENT DOMAIN PROCEEDINGS
3.9.3. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
3.9.4. LEGISLATION AND ORDINANCES
3.9.5. CO-MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS AND PARTNERSHIPS
3.9.6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
166
167
167
167
168
168
168
173
173
174
List of Tables
TABLE 1. AREA PER BARANGAY ...........................................................................................................................................11
TABLE 2. SOIL CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................16
TABLE 3. PROTECTED AGRICULTURAL LANDS ..........................................................................................................................22
TABLE 4. LAND COVER.......................................................................................................................................................22
TABLE 5. SEASONAL TEMPERATURE INCREASES (IN °C) IN 2020 AND 2050 UNDER MEDIUM-RANGE EMISSION SCENARIO IN PROVINCES IN CAVITE .........30
TABLE 6. SEASONAL RAINFALL CHANGE (IN %) IN 2020 AND 2050 UNDER MEDIUM-RANGE EMISSION SCENARIO IN PROVINCES IN CAVITE ...................31
TABLE 7. RESULTS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................................41
TABLE 8. POPULATION PER BARANGAY AND AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE, 2015 ...........................................................................43
TABLE 9. HOUSING SITUATION FOR THE PAST CENSAL YEARS ....................................................................................................51
TABLE 10. LAND AREA OCCUPIED BY SUBDIVISIONS, 2013 AND 2014 .......................................................................................51
TABLE 11. INFORMAL SETTLEMENT AREAS ............................................................................................................................52
TABLE 12. PROJECTED HOUSING NEEDS................................................................................................................................52
TABLE 13. FIRE INCIDENCE, 2012-2017 ..............................................................................................................................54
TABLE 14. CRIME INCIDENCE, 2011-2014 ...........................................................................................................................55
TABLE 15. CURRENT AND PROJECTED REQUIREMENT FOR POLICE ..............................................................................................55
TABLE 16. CURRENT AND PROJECTED REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE FORCE ........................................................................................55
TABLE 17. CURRENT AND PROJECTED REQUIREMENT FOR JAIL PERSONNEL ..................................................................................56
TABLE 18. RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN IMUS ........................................................................................................................56
TABLE 19. AGRICULTURAL LAND AREA OF CITY OF IMUS, 2017 ................................................................................................57
TABLE 20. AGRARIAN RELATED CONCERNS, 2017 ..................................................................................................................58
TABLE 21. AGRICULTURE RELATED PROJECTS, APPROVED/ FUNDED FOR IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................59
TABLE 22. NUMBER OF BUSINESS PERMITS GRANTED, 2013-2017 ..........................................................................................60
TABLE 23. NUMBER OF BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS, 2016-2017 .............................................................................................60
TABLE 24. INVENTORY OF INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENT, 2017..................................................................................................61
TABLE 25. INDUSTRIAL LAND INTENSITY STANDARDS (LIGHT INTENSITY)......................................................................................62
TABLE 26. CULTURAL AND TOURISM ACTIVITIES/ FESTIVALS .....................................................................................................63
TABLE 27. INVENTORY OF ROADS BY SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION AND TYPE OF PAVEMENT, 2016 .......................................................66
TABLE 28. INVENTORY OF BRIDGES BY LOCATION AND TYPE, 2017 ............................................................................................66
TABLE 29. PROJECTED URBAN ROAD REQUIREMENT BASED ON POPULATION TRENDS ...................................................................67
TABLE 30. INVENTORY OF LAND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES BY TYPE, 2017 ...............................................................................68
TABLE 31. SERVICE ROUTES OF BUSES AND JEEPNEYS REGISTERED WITHIN THE CITY OF IMUS, 2017 ................................................68
TABLE 32. HOUSEHOLDS SERVED WITH ELECTRICITY FOR THE PAST TWENTY YEARS .......................................................................70
TABLE 33. NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS BY TYPE OF USERS AND AVERAGE CONSUMPTION (KWH/MO.) FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS .....71
TABLE 34. PROJECTED NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS BY TYPE OF USERS AND AVERAGE CONSUMPTION ...............................................72
TABLE 35. PROPOSED POWER RELATED PROJECTS, IDENTIFIED POWER, AND PROJECTED POWER DEMAND FOR THE CITY OF IMUS ........73
TABLE 36. LEVEL III LOCAL WATERWORKS SYSTEM BY TYPE AND NUMBER OF CONSUMERS AND AVERAGE WATER CONSUMPTION, 2015 ..................74
TABLE 37. PROJECTED WATER REQUIREMENT BY TYPE OF USER AND AVE. MONTHLY CONSUMPTION, 2015 ....................................75
TABLE 38. TELEPHONE, MOBILE AND INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS, 2017 ................................................................................76
TABLE 39. EXISTING LAND USE OF IMUS, 2017 .....................................................................................................................79
TABLE 40. EXISTING LAND USE COMPARATIVE MATRIX ...........................................................................................................81
TABLE 41. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF IMUS ....................................................................................99
TABLE 42. EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAND USES MATRIX (2018-2027) OF THE CITY OF IMUS .....................................................155
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP OF IMUS .......................................................................................................................................7
FIGURE 2. BARANGAY BOUNDARY MAP ..................................................................................................................................9
FIGURE 3. IMUS CLUSTER MAP ...........................................................................................................................................10
FIGURE 4. SLOPE CLASSIFICATION MAP.................................................................................................................................13
FIGURE 5. GEOLOGY MAP ..................................................................................................................................................15
FIGURE 6. GENERAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION MAP......................................................................................................................17
FIGURE 7. ACTIVE FAULT MAP ............................................................................................................................................19
FIGURE 8. STRATEGIC AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT ZONE MAP ...........................................................................21
FIGURE 9. LAND COVER MAP .............................................................................................................................................23
FIGURE 10. NATURAL WATERWAYS MAP..............................................................................................................................25
FIGURE 11. GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY MAP .....................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 12. PHILIPPINES CLIMATE MAP ................................................................................................................................29
FIGURE 13.FLOOD HAZARD MAP ........................................................................................................................................32
FIGURE 14. LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAP ..................................................................................................................................34
FIGURE 15. GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP ........................................................................................................................35
FIGURE 16. LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MAP .............................................................................................................................36
FIGURE 17. ROAD NETWORK MAP ......................................................................................................................................65
FIGURE 18. EXISTING MERALCO POWER FACILITIES FOR IMUS CITY .........................................................................................73
FIGURE 19. GENERAL LAND USE MAP, 2017 ........................................................................................................................81
FIGURE 20. ZONING MAP OF IMUS, 2007-2017 ...................................................................................................................83
FIGURE 21. LAND SUITABILITY MAP – POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS ..................................................................................115
FIGURE 22. POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS MAP..............................................................................................................116
FIGURE 23. LAND SUITABILITY MAP – POTENTIAL REDEVELOPMENT AREAS ...............................................................................117
FIGURE 24. POTENTIAL REDEVELOPMENT AREAS MAP ..........................................................................................................119
FIGURE 25. STRUCTURE PLAN MAP, CITY GOVERNMENT OF IMUS ...........................................................................................121
FIGURE 26. DISTRICT STRUCTURE PLAN MAP.......................................................................................................................123
FIGURE 27. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT SITE – VERMOSA .............................................................124
FIGURE 28. PROPOSED SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT LAND USE MAP .................................................................................125
FIGURE 29. VERMOSA PLANNED COMMERCIAL DISTRICT .......................................................................................................126
FIGURE 30. DE LASALLE SANTIAGO ZOBEL - VERMOSA CAMPUS .............................................................................................126
FIGURE 31. VERMOSA SPORTS AND LIFESTYLE COMPLEX .......................................................................................................127
FIGURE 32. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE POBLACION CULTURE AND HERITAGE DISTRICT SITE ............................................................129
FIGURE 33. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE ALAPAN CULTURE AND HERITAGE DISTRICT SITE ................................................................129
FIGURE 34. PROPOSED POBLACION CULTURE AND HERITAGE LAND USE MAP............................................................................130
FIGURE 35. PROPOSED ALAPAN CULTURE AND HERITAGE LAND USE MAP ................................................................................131
FIGURE 36. POBLACION CULTURE AND HERITAGE DISTRICT CONCEPT .......................................................................................132
FIGURE 37. URBAN HERITAGE STRIP DESIGN CONCEPT ..........................................................................................................133
FIGURE 38. MAP OF PROPOSED NETWORK OF PARK, OPEN SPACES AND TOURISM SITES .............................................................134
FIGURE 39. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT CENTER SITE ...................................................................................135
FIGURE 40. PROPOSED GOVERNMENT DISTRICT LAND USE MAP .............................................................................................136
FIGURE 41. CONCEPT DESIGN OF THE NEW IMUS CITY HALL ...................................................................................................137
FIGURE 42. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE MODERN AGRI-INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT SITE .............................138
FIGURE 43. PROPOSED MODERN AGRI-INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT LAND USE MAP .................................139
FIGURE 44. MODERN URBAN AGRI-INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITY CONCEPT ..............................................140
FIGURE 45. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE NORTH-CENTRAL ORGANIC URBAN FARMING DISTRICT SITE ................................................141
FIGURE 46. SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE TOCLONG-MEDICION ORGANIC URBAN FARMING DISTRICT SITE ...........................................141
FIGURE 47. PROPOSED NORTH-CENTRAL ORGANIC URBAN FARMING DISTRICT LAND USE MAP ...................................................142
FIGURE 48. PROPOSED TOCLONG-MEDICION ORGANIC URBAN FARMING DISTRICT LAND USE MAP ..............................................143
FIGURE 49. SATELLITE IMAGE OF IMUS INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT SITE............................................................................................144
FIGURE 50. PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT LAND USE MAP .................................................................................................145
FIGURE 51. CITY OF IMUS ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARK CONCEPT DESIGN ........................................................................................146
FIGURE 52. HERITAGE URBAN CORRIDOR CONCEPT, EMILIO AGUINALDO HIGHWAY, IMUS ..........................................................147
FIGURE 53. PROPOSED CIRCULATION NETWORK MAP ...........................................................................................................149
FIGURE 54. LINEAR PARKS DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT, ISABEL BRIDGE .......................................................................................151
FIGURE 55. INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT TERMINAL CONCEPT DESIGN ..........................................................152
FIGURE 56. OPEN ELEVATED PARKING SPACES CONCEPT DESIGN ............................................................................................152
FIGURE 57. GENERAL LAND USE PLAN (2018-2027), CITY OF IMUS .......................................................................................156
FIGURE 58. PROPOSED OVERLAY USES MAP........................................................................................................................164
FIGURE 59. GENERAL LAND USE PLAN 2018-2027 WITH OVERLAY ZONES MAP .......................................................................165
Chapter 1. BRIEF PROFILE OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF IMUS
1.1. History
The Province of Cavite is considered as one of the Cradles of Philippine Independence. Like
other towns in the historical province, the City of Imus has a colorful past.
From the late sixteenth century, the colonial resettlement program designed to integrate
Filipinos with the religious and political institutions of the Spaniards was implemented across
wide areas of what came to be known in 1614 as the Province of Cavite. The towns of Silang,
Cavite Viejo (present-day Kawit), Cavite Puerto and San Roque, as well as the settlements of
Indang and Bacoor were established between 1595 and 1671. The second phase of town
development occurred more than 50 years later between 1727 to 1779 wherein the
communities of Maragondon, Francisco de Malabon, Sta. Cruz de Malabon (Tanza), Imus, and
Naic were officially recognized. Incidentally, Imus was established during the latter part of this
period, in 1775. (MacAndrew, 1994). These towns became centers of religious and economic
activities in the first centuries of Spanish colonial rule.
Imus was initially a “visita” of Cavite Viejo, one of the oldest administrative units of Cavite. The
latter was initially under the administration of the Jesuits until 1686 when the Recollects took
over. Efforts were then directed in seeking emancipation from the ecclesiastical and civil
administration of Cavite Viejo, until Imus was completely autonomous and became an
independent
town.
1
The ecclesiastical land that tied Imus to Cavite Viejo since the early part of the 17th century was
covered by the Royal Order of October 30, 1776. This Royal Decree was considered as the first
step in the creation of the Municipality of Imus. It ordered the rebuilding of the Recollect
Church and a convent in Imus. The Recollects, not content with the religious emancipation of
Imus from Cavite Viejo, sought for its political separation which was attained when the former
became an independent municipality in 1795.
By the end of the Spanish era, Cavite’s lowlands were occupied by five (5) friar estates: the
haciendas of Imus (Recollects), San Francisco de Malabon (Augustinians), San Nicolas
(Recollects), Sta. Cruz de Malabon (Dominicans) and Naic (Dominicans). These friar estates were
greatly resisted by the indigenous population as these were perceived as a form of denial of
their rights to access and control their land resources. This disenchantment with these friar
lands and the onerous arrangements that the Cavitenos had to endure became a source of
agrarian unrest. This discontent eventually spilled over into open rebellion during the
Revolution of 1896, wherein the people of Imus played an active role and the settlement itself
became
the
site
of
several
important
events.
2
The historical heritage of Imus is best exemplified by the first battle of the Philippine Revolution
that led to the defeat of the Spanish forces. The town also stood witness to the rise of Emilio
Aguinaldo from a mere flag lieutenant to a general and an acknowledged leader of the
Katipunan. The first flag of the Revolution was, in fact, unfurled and blessed in a mass held in
Imus. It was also on a site that is now Barangay Alapan I, on May 28, 1898, wherein the first
likeness of the current Philippine Flag, the one sewn in Hongkong, was raised to commemorate
a victory over the Spaniards in what is called the Battle of Alapan. The said confrontation is
considered to have stemmed the tide and snatched what was then a faltering revolution from
total collapse as it perked up the morale of the Katipuneros throughout the towns of Cavite and
the whole of Luzon.
3
While the 1900s ushered in the American era, the Second World War from 1941 to 1945
resulted in tremendous economic and social hardship and loss, which continued until the
Japanese occupation. From the ruins of the Japanese Occupation, the need to rebuild, organize
and bring back order to Imus was successfully undertaken. This marked the gradual rise of the
municipality and its metamorphosis from a sleepy town to a very dynamic settlement.
Before the late 1970s, capital investment in Imus and in the whole Cavite Province was
negligible. This all changed beginning in the 1980s when huge capital outlays were channeled
into the municipality that led to the rapid transformation of its countryside into industrial
estates, agribusiness farms and residential subdivisions. By 1986, the Municipality of Imus had
developed to the point wherein it was classified as a First-Class Municipality.
The further development and urbanization of Imus in the succeeding decades became the basis
for a plebiscite on 30 June 2012 for its citizens to decide if they wished their town to become a
component city. On June 30,2012, a plebiscite was conducted to determine if a majority of the
town’s voters were in favor changing Imus’s status to that of a city, and an overwhelming
20,438 out of 22, 742 Imuseños voted in the affirmative.
The current decade has seen the further economic and demographic expansion of Imus.
Managed by a team of youthful politicians and technocrats, the City Government has put in
place programs and projects designed to uplift the living standards of a population nearing the
million mark.
In spite of their City’s transition into an industrial and urbanized society, the Imuseños remain
true to the values of their forefathers. This explains its residents’ passionate devotion to the
Philippine Flag waving valiantly as a symbol of courage and triumph come Wagayway Festival
and the City’s title as “FLAG CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES”.
5
1.2. Geo-physical Environment
1.2.1. Geographical Location
The City of Imus is a landlocked settlement located in the northeastern portion of the Province
of Cavite located between between 14°21’16.236” to 14°26’47.976” North latitude and
120°53’31.308” to 120°58’54.588” East latitude. It is bounded on the northeast by the City of
Bacoor, on the northwest by Kawit, on the south by the City of Dasmariñas, on the southwest
by the City of General Trias and on the east by the City of Muntinlupa. It is very near Metro
Manila as it is only 18 kilometers from the City of Manila itself and even closer to the cities of
Las Pinas, Muntinlupa, and Paranaque (See Figure 1).
6
Figure 1. Location Map of Imus
7
1.2.2. Political Boundaries
Imus is a first-class component city under the 3rd Congressional District (lone district) of the
Province of Cavite. It is composed of 97 barangays covering a total land area of 5,314.60
hectares based on their cadastral map. These settlements were grouped into nine (9) clusters
to facilitate rapid flow of communications and interactions (See Figures 2 and 3 and Table 2.).
Historically, Imus was part of a vast agglomeration of lands that made up the Imus Estate. Its
9,701 hectares included present-day Imus as well as portions of land spread over the local
government units Bacoor, Dasmariñas, and Carmona in Cavite Province up to Las Piñas City of
the National Capital Region. Currently, the City still claims some of these areas. If these
disputed lands would be considered, the City should have a total land area of 6,470 hectares.
8
Figure 2. Barangay Boundary Map
9
Figure 3. Imus Cluster Map
10
Table 1. Area per Barangay
1.2.3. Topography
11
Imus is mainly composed of lowland and alluvial plains due to its low elevation and slope
values. Its highest elevation of 70 meters above sea level is located at the southeast portion of
the City. In terms of slope, the northern and central portions of Imus are generally flat at less
than 3% (level to nearly level) and its southern part is gently sloping to undulating with slopes
of 3% to 5% (See Figure 4).
Figure 4. Slope Classification Map
13
1.3. Geology
Northwestern Imus is covered by alluvial deposits of sand, silt and clay, or loose and eroded
materials, usually from rivers, that have been set down or cemented into a lithological unit.
Such materials are usually located at the lower part of a river’s course, forming floodplains and
deltas. The central and southern parts of Imus are covered with agglomerates of sandy tuff and
cinder beds which consists of volcanic ash, glass shards and angular pebbles, scoria, cobbles of
pumice (See Figure 5).
14
Figure 5. Geology Map
15
1.3.1. Soils
Imus has soil that belongs to what is called the Guadalupe Soil Series (GSS) (See Figure 6). GSS is
usually situated in lowlands with slopes that are level to nearly level. This type of soil is utilized
mostly for lowland rice, corn, and root crops.
The Guadalupe series is further categorized into four soil classifications based on the
dominating size of the particles and texture of the soil. The soil descriptions and area
coverage’s of these soil types are indicated in Table 2 below.
Table 2. Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Area (ha.)
1. Guadalupe Clay
2,852.96
2. Guadalupe Clay
Adobe
1,293.89
3. Guadalupe Clay
Loam
739.96
4. Guadalupe Silt
Loam
159.97
Description
Guadalupe clay soil covers the northern and central
portion of Imus. Clay soils have the smallest particles and
are usually plate-shaped instead of spherical, allowing for
an increase specific surface area. Because of these, clay
soils can hold a high amount of water and can drain slowly
causing longer durations in warming up and drying out.
Guadalupe clay adobe is a mix between clay and adobe
soils. It is located in the south-eastern portion of the city.
Adobe soils are described as soils with high clay content
and proportions of sand that when mixed into mud then
dried out it forms a brick or wall. This soils also swell and
shrink dramatically and bare ground commonly has cracks
in it.
This soil classification is a mix between clay and loam soils
and is located in the south-western location of the city.
Clay loam is a mixture of sand, silt and predominantly clay
that are combined to avoid the negative effects of each
type. These soils are fertile, easy to work with and provide
good drainage and best for planting crops.
Silt loam is located in a small portion in the north-eastern
part of the city. This classification is a mixture of the three
major soil types which is sand, silt and clay with silt having
the dominant proportion. Silt soil are light and moisture
retentive soil with a high fertility rating. These soils
comprise of medium sized particles that are well drained
but can be easily compacted and prone to washing away
with rain.
Source: BSWM
16
Figure 6. General Soil Classification Map
17
1.3.2. Active Faults
Fortunately, Imus is not transected by any known active faults that could cause earthquakes
generated by the movement of tectonic plates. However, it is just 12 kilometers away from the
nearest fault which is the West Valley Fault System in Muntinlupa City (See Figure 7).
18
Figure 7. Active Fault Map
19
1.4. Land Resources
Based on the 1990 survey and official map of Imus, the City has a total land area of 6,470
hectares, of which 1,155 hectares is being disputed with other local governments. This leaves
5,314.60 hectares within the city’s jurisdiction that is currently allotted to various uses and land
cover, majority of which is urban in nature.
1.4.1. Land Classification
All lands within the City are classified as alienable and disposable (A & D) and are intended for
urban, economic and demographic developments. These are further divided into built-up and
production areas such as agricultural lands. Of these lands, only 1,701.63 hectares or 20.16% of
the total land area is devoted to agriculture and other production purposes. It should be noted,
however, that majority of the agricultural lands had been reclassified into urban uses in its
previous land use plan.
1.4.2. Protected Agricultural Lands
Based on the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone (SAFDZ) Map indicated in
the previous CLUP, three (3) development zones were delineated to ensure efficient and
sustainable utilization of land for food/non-food production and agro-industrialization: the a)
SAFDZ, b) the remaining Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro-industrial
Development (NPAAAD) areas, and c) the watershed/forestry zone. The total land area of these
zones exceeds that of the existing agricultural lands.
SAFDZs are lands within the NPAAAD areas that serve as centers for agricultural development
and that are to be utilized in an environmentally and socio-culturally sound manner. These
includes those areas that: a) have a competitive advantage in the cultivation, culture,
production of particular crops; b) are strategic locations of area for infrastructure and industrial
complex; c) strategic locations for market development and networking; and d) have a
dominant presence of agrarian reform communities (ARCs). The City’s 2,181 hectare SAFDZ is in
the western portion of Imus, transecting barangays Alapan II-A, Alapan II-B, Malagasang I-G,
Malagasang II-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Currently, about a quarter of the SAFDZ has already been
converted into residential and other urban uses, a situation that resulted from the designation
of residential zones in portions of this area in the previous CLUP.
20
Figure 8. Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone Map
21
Table 3. Protected Agricultural Lands
Classification
1. SAFDZ
2. Remaining NPAAAD area
3. Watershed/forestry zone
Source: BSWM
Area (in hectares)
2181
1884
138
%
22.17%
19.42%
1.42%
The remaining NPAAAD areas are agricultural areas that have been identified by the Bureau of
Soils and Water Management, and these include irrigated and irrigable lands, alluvial plains
highly suitable for agriculture, and other agricultural lands that are ecological fragile but were
not designated as SAFDZ. Protection of these areas would help ensure the efficient utilization of
land for agriculture and promote sustainable growth.
The NPAAAD area is in the eastern portion of the city and covers about 1,884 hectares.
Currently, only a small portion have been converted into residential and other urban uses. In
fact, majority of the NPAAD areas are idle lands that have been reclassified into industrial and
commercial zones in the previous CLUP.
The Watershed/Forestry Zone is the area along the Alang-Ylang River in the western portion of
the city. It has a total land area of 138 hectares. This zone was identified to ensure protection of
existing and potential sources of water and recharge areas of major aquifers for irrigation of
agricultural lands.
1.4.3. Land Cover
The City of Imus has four (4) land cover classifications, namely, a) built-up areas, b) cultivated
lands for both annual and perennial crops, c) fishponds, and d) natural grasslands (See Map
1.9). Built-up areas make up 52.53 % of the City’s territory (2,651.11 ha.), followed by cultivated
lands which covers an additional 2,177.45 ha. or 43.21 % of the total land area. The area
coverage of the other classifications is indicated in Table 4
Table 4. Land Cover
Land Cover
1. Built-up area
2. Cultivated land – annual crop
3. Cultivated land – perennial crop
4. Natural grassland
5. Fishpond
Source: NAMRIA
Area (in hectares)
2,651.11
2,174.70
2.75
211.46
3.28
22
%
52.53%
43.16%
.054%
4.19%
0.06%
Figure 9. Land Cover Map
23
1.4.4. Hydrology and Freshwater Resources
Imus has an abundant supply of surface and groundwater resources. The City is transected by
various rivers and creeks emanating from the upland areas of Cavite towards Manila Bay. Being
an alluvium plain area, Imus is a groundwater basin that has several aquifers and aquicludes.
The City’s three rivers – Imus, AIang-Ylang and Julian -also have their own mini-watershed that
directs the movement of water from south to north.
The aforementioned rivers have recently been designated as Water Quality Management Areas
(WQMA) in order to maintain and manage the quality of these tributaries. These waterways are
currently classified as Class C Rivers whose waters can be used for fishery, class II recreational
activities (i.e., boating), and industry (Class I -manufacturing process after treatment). At
present, these channels are used for domestic and agricultural uses.
Imus River, the City’s main tributary, stretches 106.29 kilometers. From the upland areas of the
municipality of Silang, the river passes through the barangays of Anabu I and II, Tanzang Luma,
Palico and Toclong II. Its widest area is 50 meters while its deepest portions extend to 3-4
meters deep. Julian River traverses barangays Malagasang I and II, Bucandala, Bayan Luma,
Carsadang Bago, Medicion I and Toclong II before connecting with Imus River. Alang-Ylang
River, on the other hand, transects the cities of Dasmariñas, General Trias, Imus, Noveleta and
Kawit, and originates from the municipality of Amadeo and Silang. It has a total length of 68.40
km. and an average width of 14 m. It passes through the Barangays of Malagasang II, Alapan II,
Pag-asa and the Municipality of Noveleta along the western edge of the City.
24
Figure 10. Natural Waterways Map
25
Due to the loss of natural drainages and creeks caused by rapid urban development, the City
have partnered with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to develop retarding
basins or artificial ponds that would temporarily store the surface and river flood discharge
coming from the Imus, Julian and Bacoor Rivers.
The City of Imus has geological make up of water-bearing rocks, gravel, and sand has
bequeathed the area with high-yielding water aquifers that could serve as major water sources
once these are accessed via deep and shallow wells (See Figure 11). Unfortunately, the National
Water Resources Board (NWRB) also noted that Imus’s northern portion already suffers from
saltwater intrusion and ground subsidence as groundwater resources in the said area are being
extracted unsustainably. It is imperative for the local government to properly regulate and
manage the extraction of groundwater in Imus. Moreover, such efforts should be
complemented by the development and maintenance of green areas that would aid in
absorbing rain and river water to replenish overdrawn aquifers as well as introduce policies that
would incentivize households, businesses, and institutions to reduce and recycle the water that
these places consume.
26
Figure 11. Groundwater Availability Map
27
Currently, Maynilad, one of the main water providers of the city, operates six (6) deep well
pumping stations that serves 28 barangays of the City. These wells produce 26,845,921 liters
per day. In addition to these deep wells, almost 100 shallow wells are scattered across the city
that provide the people with water.
1.4.5. Biodiversity
In general, city’s flora and fauna are limited to those commonly found in agricultural and urban
ecosystems as there are no known rare and endangered species within its territory. In areabased management sites along its river systems, there have been various species of trees,
agricultural plants, grasses, palms, and ornamental plants that could be utilized for timber
production, furniture-making, construction, charcoal-making, food production, and aesthetics.
Only common birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects are found in the City’s environs.
Moreover, due to pollution, only fish such as hito, tilapia, gurami, papis, and janitor fish could
survive in its waterways.
1.4.6. Climate and Climate Change Projections
The City of Imus has a Type 1 climate classification which is predominant in areas along the
western side of Luzon (See Figure 12.) where there is a pronounced dry (November to April)
and wet (May to October) seasons. On the average, the City has a temperature of 27.2 degrees
Celsius, a humidity rating of 77.5%, and an annual precipitation of 1,932 mm. It is rarely hit by
powerful typhoons, which, combined with its other climatological characteristics, make the
area conducive for agricultural activities.
28
Figure 12. Philippines Climate Map
29
Like all other settlements in the world, the City of Imus is projected to experience rising
temperatures brought about by Climate Change in the coming decades, especially during the
summer months (See Table 5). This general warming of average temperatures could lead to
reduced rainfall which, in turn, could compromise the City’s ability to replenish and manage its
groundwater resources.
Table 5. Seasonal temperature increases (in °C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission
scenario in Provinces in Cavite
CAVITE
Projected
Observed Baseline
(1971-2000)
DJF MAM JJA SON
25.7 28.2 27.3 26.9
Change in 2020
Change in 2050
(2006-2035)
(2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
1.0
1.2
0.9
1.0
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.9
26.7 29.4 28.2 27.9 27.7 30.4 29.1 28.8
Source: PAGASA, 2011
Climate Change in the coming years could also have other repercussions on the City of Imus and
its residents. These include the occurrence of dry spells that could lead to droughts, the
reduction of agricultural yield due to intense heat and reduced water supply, and an increase in
the incidence of bushfires. The increase in temperatures, along with the development of even
more built-up areas in Imus could further lead to an “urban heat island effect” that would
increase people’s water and power consumption and result in more incidents of fire and heatrelated diseases (i.e., heat stroke) which can cause death to vulnerable residents.
The onset of Climate Change is also expected to lead to less rainfall during the dry months and
even greater precipitation during the wet season (See Table 6). The possibility of drought-like
conditions from November to April could lead to the over-extraction of groundwater to
compensate for the lack of water available for domestic and agricultural use. This situation, in
turn, could result in saltwater intrusion and ground subsidence. Conversely, the rainy months
could expose the City to an inordinate amount of rainfall and floods that might result in the
impairment of basic and vital services delivery, reduce people’s productivity, and expose life
and property to damage and even death. This projected excess in rainfall, however, could be
an opportunity for the City to replenish their groundwater reserves, provided that they employ
the proper water harvesting mechanisms such as water basins and water-impounding
structures.
30
Table 6. Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario in
provinces in Cavite
CAVITE
Projected
Observed Baseline (in mm)
(1971-2000)
DJF MAM JJA
SON
124.9 242.8 985.7 579.0
DJF
-26.1
92.30
Change in 2020
(2006-2035)
MAM
JJA
-28.2
13.1
174.33 1114.83
SON
0.4
581.32
DJF
-19.1
101.04
Change in 2050
(2036-2065)
MAM
JJA
-30.5
24.2
168.75 1224.24
SON
5.9
613.16
Source: PAGASA, 2011
In the coming decades, the City of Imus will likely become vulnerable to the occurrence of dry
spells, droughts, as well as floods, all of which could cause losses in terms of lives and property.
Such unattractive scenarios mean that Imus should change the way it urbanizes in order to
adapt to these probable unfortunate situations.
One alternative is to apply the principles of “Green Urbanism” in developing the Imus City’s
built and unbuilt environments. Care should be taken in further developing concrete and
asphalt-heavy built-up areas and further encroachment of open spaces and lands near river
systems should be avoided. Efforts should be made to plant trees, palms and bamboo in
available spaces in built-up areas, while a landscaping program should be implemented in open
spaces, parks, and idle lands in order to reduce ambient temperatures while improving air
quality and availability. The development of a network of green spaces both large and small has
been proven to reduce temperatures, provide shade that enhances a settlement’s walkability,
induces social interaction, and encourages the development of a more compact city.
1.4.7. Susceptibility of the City of Imus to Particular Hazards by
Geographic Area
The City of Imus is exposed to several geologic and climatic hazards such as floods, rain-induced
landslides, ground-shaking, and liquefaction. Based on the Mines and Geosciences Bureau
(MGB) Hazard Map, the northern half of the City is susceptible to low, moderate, high, and very
high levels of flooding. Areas with low hills, gentle slopes, and sparse to moderate drainage
density could experience floods reaching less than 0.5 meter and/or a flood duration that
would last less than a day. On the other hand, places with a very high flood rating are those
that are immediately flooded as these are near active or abandoned river channels, and those
around river banks. Such areas are expected to experience flood levels that reach two (2)
meters that could last for more than three (3) days.
31
Figure 13.Flood Hazard Map
32
The City of Imus is near flat topography makes it highly unlikely that it would suffer from raininduced landslides .Only the southern portion of the City has a low risk of experiencing minor
landslides, but plans and programs should still be formulated and implemented to further
minimize the occurrence of these isolated events .
Given its proximity to various fault systems and trenches, the City of Imus is susceptible to
Intensity Level VIII ground shaking in the event that an earthquake occurs as a result of
movement along either the Manila Trench or West Valley Fault. Such a rating means that Imus
could experience considerable damage and destruction to even its well-built structures such as
buildings, dikes, bridge foundations if such an incident occurs. It could also lead to the toppling
of utility posts, bending and breaking of sewer pipes, and cases of ground liquefaction, among
others. To mitigate the impacts of ground shaking, the local government should impose strict
compliance with the provisions of the National Building Code (NBC), while building an inventory
of all government and private structures to identify those that require either retrofitting or
outright relocation.
Finally, based on the Liquefaction Potential Hazard Map of the PHIVOLCS, the northern half of
Imus have structures that may tilt or subside during an earthquake. It should be noted,
however, that, there has yet to be a recorded incident of ground liquefaction in the City. The
PHIVOLCS map also does not restrict the construction of any building or structure in areas
identified as probable liquefaction zones provided that engineering practices are complied with.
Nonetheless, it would be prudent to conduct soil-boring tests for medium and high-rise
buildings to assess their susceptibility to this hazard as well as ensure strict compliance with the
NBC.
33
Figure 14. Landslide Hazard Map
34
Figure 15. Ground Shaking Hazard Map
35
Figure 16. Liquefaction Hazard Map
36
1.4.8. Disaster Risk Assessment Results
1.4.8.1.
Risks to Flood
All Imus barangays are exposed to the different levels and probability of occurrence of flood
hazards, except for Anabu II-A and Malagasang II-F. The different exposed units are further
assessed to determine areas that are considered as high risk to flooding. These identified places
are major priority decision zones for risk reduction approaches. The following section discusses
the flood risks per exposure element:
a. Population
Based on the population risk assessment, 255,849 persons or 63% of the population who are
residing in 95 barangays are exposed to varying levels of flooding. Most of the exposed
population are located in the northern half of the city and along major river channels. Almost all
were assessed as having low to moderate flooding risks, except for portions of barangays Bayan
Luma IX, Medicion I-A and C, Medicion II-A, B, C, D, E and F, Pagasa III, Poblacion II-A, Poblacion
III-B, Poblcaion IV-A, Tanzang Luma I, Toclong I-A and C, and Toclong II-A and B which have been
labeled as high risk areas. The risk level of these places can be attributed to the high exposure
percentage of the population living in high to very high susceptible flood areas. These areas are
frequently affected by flooding events and majority are located in the northernmost tip of the
city near the convergence point of various rivers and creeks.
b. Urban Use
Urban uses include residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional uses, as well as other
special uses such as cemetery and informal settlements. Out of the 95 exposed barangays,
majority of the areas of Barangays Bayan Luma III and IX, Carsadang Bago I, Medicion I-A, B, C
and D, Medicion 2-A, B, C, D, E and F, Pagasa III, Palico III, Poblacion II-A and B, Poblacion III-A
and B, Poblacion IV-A and B, Toclong I-A, B and C, and Toclong II-A and B are considered as high
risk as a high percentage of exposed urban uses in these places (at least 70%) are moderately
to highly susceptible to flood.
Based on the assessment, exposure of urban uses to moderate to very high susceptibility
flooding sums up to 490.51 hectares for residential uses, 12.83 hectares for commercial uses,
15.37 hectares for institutional uses, 12.51 hectares for industrial, 1.71 hectares for informal
settlements and 14.23 hectares for cemeteries across all barangays.
c. Natural Resource-based Production Areas
37
The production areas of Alapan I and II, Anabu I and II, Bayan Luma, Bucandala, Buhay na Tubig,
Carsadang Bago, Malagasang I and II, Medicion II, Pagasa, Pasong Buaya and Tanzang Luma are
deemed exposed to varying levels of flood susceptibility based on the MGB hazard map and
assessment. A total of 901.46 hectares are affected by flood events and about 381 families who
are dependent on farming are affected. Out of the exposed units, majority are moderately too
highly at risk to inundations. This can be attributed to the lack of knowledge on climate and
hazard information, the non-use of sustainable production techniques and a very low
percentage coverage for irrigation and other agricultural support infrastructures. These
indicators need to be improved to enable the farmers and the farmlands to adapt to the
impacts of climate change and flood hazards.
d. Lifeline Utilities
Out of the 95 exposed barangays, only an average exposure percentage of 42.54% for roads
and bridges was determined for the different types of flood categories. Majority of the exposed
barangays were assessed as moderate risks due mainly to its existing conditions. Travel ways
that were assessed as high risk include: barangay roads in Anabu II-F, Bayan Luma I, III, V, VI and
IX, Medicion II-A, B, C, D and F, Pagasa III, Palico III and Toclong II-A; provincial roads in
Bucandala I, Medicion II-A and C, Pagasa III, Palico I, II, III and IV; and national roads in Medicion
II-F, Pagasa III and Palico III. Furthermore, several bridges were also identified as high risk as
these traverse rivers which are susceptible to flooding. The high-risk areas are recommended to
be further assessed into order to determine the appropriate intervention measures that shall
ensure the continuous movement of goods and people, even during such occurrences.
e. Critical Facilities
Risk assessment indicates that a total of 392 facilities are exposed to different categories of
flood susceptibility, majority of which are in the low to moderate susceptibility categories. Of
the exposed facilities, 16 were assessed as high risk to flooding. These include the covered
court in Bayan Luma III, Legian South School in Bucandala I, Multi-purpose Halls in Malagasang
I-F and Tanzang Luma VI, day care centers in Malagasang I-G, Malagasang II-B, Medicion II-A
and Toclong II-A, Barangay Halls in Medicion II-B and D, Palico II and III, Pinagbuklod, Tanzang
Luma I and Toclong II-A, and Medicion II-D Health Center. Majority of the high-risk facilities are
located in places highly to very highly susceptible to flooding and a number of them are
structurally in poor condition as they were built in the 1990’s and do not have hazard resistant
designs. The rest of the 376 facilities were assessed as having low to moderate risks despite
being exposed to hazards due to their good to excellent conditions.
1.4.8.2.
Risks to Landslides
Almost half of the city is exposed to rain-induced landslides. Out of the nine barangay clusters,
Clusters 3, 4, 6, and 9 are almost completely exposed to landslides. Portions of two additional
clusters are also exposed to these hazards. In total, 35 of 97 barangays are susceptible to
landslides. But since the landslide susceptibility is considered as low, almost all the exposed
elements are considered as low risks with some elements assessed as moderate risks. The
following provides for the general descriptions of the landslide risks of the different exposed
elements:
a. Population
Based on the population risk assessment, 50.36% of the population are marginally exposed to
landslides. Only portions of barangays Anabu II-E, Malagasang II-F and Malagasang II-G were
considered moderately prone to landslides due to the presence of informal settlements in
these places.
b. Urban Use
The different urban uses that are exposed to landslide include commercial uses with an
exposure percentage of 36.4%, industrial uses (64.5% exposure), residential uses (44.8%
exposure), institutional (34.1%) exposure and informal settlements (64.6%). These exposed
land uses were marginally at risk to landslide events as majority of the structures in these urban
uses are built over concrete and stabilized slopes.
c. Nature-based Production Areas
Around 1,118.76 ha agricultural lands, comprised of either productive agricultural lands or idle
lands that have potential for agricultural production, are exposed to low susceptibility
landslides. Based on the risk assessment, majority of the exposed production areas are
considered as high risk due to more than half of the exposed agricultural lands are not
employed with sustainable production practices and more than half of the farmers have no
access to hazard information. In addition, almost all agricultural lands have no irrigation
coverage.
d. Lifeline Utilities
Approximately 84% of the roads within 35 barangays are exposed to landslides. All the national
roads and provincial roads were considered as low risks because most are made of concrete.
However, some barangay roads have greater susceptibility to landslides, particularly dirt roads
and roads with unpaved portions.
e. Critical Facilities
A total of 208 facilities are exposed to landslides, including schools, government offices,
protective services, churches, power utilities, cellular sites, health centers, supermarkets, day
care centers, multipurpose halls, and gas stations. These structures were considered low risk
given their good to excellent physical condition, except for the Malagasang I-D Barangay Hall
which was assessed as being moderately at risk.
1.4.8.3.
Risks to other Earthquake-induced Hazards
Despite the possible aggravation of the hazards presented by climate change, only flood and
rain-induced landslides were fully assessed for its risks. Assessments for other earthquakerelated hazards -ground shaking, ground rupture, tsunami and liquefaction - were not fully
detailed given that the City will unlikely be affected by these. It can be inferred that structures
non-compliant with the National Building Code (NBC), including old and dilapidated structures,
are highly at risk to earthquake hazards.
Strict compliance to the NBC is recommended for future construction to lessen the impacts of
hazards. A building inventory audit for both government structures and private facilities, should
be undertaken to determine building conditions and recommend necessary actions such as
retrofitting or relocation. Soil boring tests should be required for all proposed structures
reaching three (3) stories and above. Green open space development should be integrated into
the city’s future land development as these spaces serve as evacuation areas during
earthquakes.
1.4.9. Environmental Quality
Rapid urbanization in Imus is expected to further degrade the city’s air and water quality if no
interventions are implemented. Anthropogenic factors, such as improper waste disposal, would
further aggravate environmental conditions. Studies demonstrate that current air pollution
levels along the Aguinaldo Highway are now 2-3 times above acceptable standards as a result of
emissions from factories and the inordinate number of vehicles that pass through the said
thoroughfare. The local government should ensure that point sources of pollution (i.e.;
factories) along the highway are employing proper anti-air pollution safeguards. Decisionmakers should also explore the possibility of establishing and maintaining greenery along major
thoroughfare such as Aguinaldo Highway as part of road-based infrastructure. An example of a
good plant to utilize is bamboo which has proven to be effective in filtering the quality of air
and water in its surroundings, even in space constrained built up areas.
40
Field tests conducted by the DENR Environment Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) of Region
IV-A have shown that the waters of Imus and Alang-Ylang Rivers already exceed the DENR
standards for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chloride, heavy
metals such as Cadmium content. These waters also show a high concentration of fecal and
total coliform (See Table 7). This situation has been caused by domestic and industrial wastes
that have flowed into these waters due to City’s absence of a centralized sewerage system and
in many of the industries it hosts. Compounded the problem is the pollution in the uplands
where these river systems originate.
Table 7. Results of Physico-Chemical Analysis
Name of
River
Imus River
Alang-Ylang
River
Year
2012
2011
2010
2012
2011
2010
BOD
11.94
11.30
11.86
14.27
13.12
111.47
DO
4.61
4.67
5.13
5.79
5.38
5.13
Color
34.81
25.13
57.67
95.17
28.64
71.63
Parameters
pH
TSS
7.19
16.00
7.17
63.03
7.68
13.21
7.13
96.53
7.15
44.00
7.06
926.20
DENR
Criteria for
6.57(10)
5
c
<30
Class C
8.5
Water
Source: Imus, Alang-ylang and Rio Grande Rivers WQMA Action Plan
NH3
0.35
0.33
0.58
0.24
0.10
0.24
PO4
2.58
1.54
2.06
1.56
0.79
0.77
Cl
692.75
761.80
1839.45
234.23
882.80
1604.13
-
-
350
Aside from constructing a centralized sewerage system or ensuring that all residential,
commercial, institutional, and industrial areas have functioning sewerage infrastructures, lands
along the banks of the City’s rivers and creeks should have a network of reeds, bamboo, trees
that would act as a bio-filtration system. This would capture some of the waste and
contaminants that enter the waterways of Imus. The City government should also spearhead
the relocation of informal settlement families along the river as well as clean up-and dredge its
rivers and creeks.
Moreover, to ensure the sustainability of clean ups and remediation efforts, a program should
be formulated and implemented with the aim of changing the Imus population’s relationship
with these waterways. In effect, it should be impressed upon the people that having a clean
waterway system that becomes a site of their everyday lives would redound to the cultural,
economic,
and
recreational
benefit
of
their
communities
1.4.10.
Solid Waste Management
The City of Imus in 2015 generated an estimated 177,100 metric tons of garbage, and this
would likely increase by 278% or 492,448 metric tons by 2024 due to its projected population
growth. Nearly half of the City’s generated wastes are of the residual type (47.43%), while 27%
is biodegradable, 25.22% is recyclable, and 0.18% of these is classified as special wastes. More
than half of these wastes are recyclable or biodegradable, and, potentially, should no longer
reach a dump or landfill.
City government has approved a 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan (2015-2024) in order to
better manage current and future waste concerns. The City government also implements
various solid waste programs including waste minimization campaigns, the City Ecology Center
(MRF) at Buhay na Tubig, a centralized composting facility at Malagasang I-A and the
production of ecological bricks from residual wastes. Imus also has existing facilities for solid
waste management such as a controlled dumpsite in Pasong Buaya I and MRFs in 88 out of the
97 barangays. At present, hauling and safe disposal of solid wastes is undertaken by the private
company “Coldwell Environmental Care Corporation” that collects garbage by clusters
depending on the day of the week. A total of 22 dump trucks (2-big, 19-small, 1-elf truck) and
93 personnel are employed to collect the said wastes.
1.5. Demographic Profile
Based on the most recent Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA) Census in 2015, the City of Imus
has a population of 403,785, making it the third most populous local government unit in Cavite
and fifth in the CALABARZON Region. The City is home to an estimated 94,484 households
distributed over 97 barangays which, on the average, has 4.1 members each. The most
populous of these barangays are Buhay Na Tubig (32,513), Pasong Buaya-II (27,006), and
Malagasang II-B (18,028), while the smallest is Poblacion I-B with only 316 inhabitants. Among
the City of Imus’ nine clusters of barangays, Cluster 9 (83,734) has the largest population share
with roughly 1 out of every 5 persons in the City residing within the said cluster.
42
Table 8. Population per Barangay and Average Household Size, 2015
Barangay
Cluster 1
Alapan I-A
Alapan I-B
Alapan I-C
Alapan II-A
Alapan II-B
Bucandala I
Bucandala II
Bucandala III
Bucandala IV
Bucandala V
Cluster 2
Carsadang Bago I
Carsadang Bago II
Pag-asa I
Pag-asa II
Pag-asa III
Medicion I-A
Medicion I-B
Medicion I-C
Medicion I-D
Medicion II-A
Medicion II-B
Medicion II-C
Medicion II-D
Medicion II-E
Medicion II-F
Cluster 3
Anabu I-A
Anabu I-B
Anabu I-C
Anabu I-D
Anabu I-E
Anabu I-F
Anabu I-G
Cluster 4
Anabu II-A
Anabu II-B
Anabu II-C
Anabu II-D
Anabu II-E
Anabu II-F
Cluster 5
Bayan Luma I
Number of
Household*
16,110
3,327
1,793
2,054
2,148
747
1,366
534
2,062
822
1,257
11,357
817
4,106
578
1,084
505
377
633
576
294
348
530
380
386
336
407
7,121
1,758
570
1,479
835
644
593
1,242
8,588
730
1,623
1,315
1,083
1,128
2,710
7,044
910
Population
66,053
13,639
7,352
8,422
8,805
3,061
5,602
2,191
8,456
3,372
5,153
46,562
3,350
16,835
2,369
4,445
2,070
1,546
2,596
2,361
1,207
1,425
2,172
1,558
1,583
1,378
1,667
29,196
7,206
2,338
6,062
3,425
2,641
2,432
5,092
35,212
2,991
6,656
5,390
4,440
4,623
11,112
28,882
3,731
43
Average Household
Size
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
Barangay
Bayan Luma II
Bayan Luma III
Bayan Luma IV
Bayan Luma V
Bayan Luma VI
Bayan Luma VII
Bayan Luma VIII
Bayan Luma IX
Cluster 6
Bagong Silang
Magdalo
Maharlika
M. Espeleta I
M. Espeleta II
M. Espeleta III
Pinagbuklod
Pasong Buaya I
Pasong Buaya II
Cluster 7
Buhay na Tubig
Palico I
Palico II
Palico III
Palico IV
Tanzang Luma I
Tanzang Luma II
Tanzang Luma III
Tanzang Luma IV
Tanzang Luma V
Tanzang Luma VI
Cluster 8
Poblacion I-A
Poblacion I-B
Poblacion I-C
Poblacion II-A
Poblacion II-B
Poblacion III-A
Poblacion III-B
Poblacion IV-A
Poblacion IV-B
Poblacion IV-C
Poblacion IV-D
Toclong I-A
Toclong I-B
Toclong I-C
Toclong II-A
Toclong II-B
Population
1,770
4,726
2,976
4,884
2,738
3,580
2,500
1,977
45,235
960
4,195
3,941
1,613
1,364
2,206
2,371
1,579
27,006
51,104
32,513
2,174
1,572
599
2,772
1,103
1,653
1,859
2,303
2,287
2,269
17,807
2,141
316
350
767
495
1,014
721
1,279
591
990
1,040
1,240
1,575
1,763
1,049
2,476
Number of
Household*
432
1,153
726
1,191
668
873
610
482
11,033
234
1,023
961
393
333
538
578
385
6,587
12,464
7,930
530
383
146
676
269
403
453
562
558
553
4,343
522
77
85
187
121
247
176
312
144
241
254
302
384
430
256
604
Average Household
Size
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
Barangay
Population
Number of
Household*
20,423
754
1,216
561
519
550
2,069
3,080
3,361
4,397
1,150
920
418
378
1,049
98,484
Cluster 9
83,734
Malagasang I-A
3,091
Malagasang I-B
4,986
Malagasang I-C
2,299
Malagasang I-D
2,129
Malagasang I-E
2,255
Malagasang I-F
8,483
Malagasang I-G
12,629
Malagasang II-A
13,780
Malagasang II-B
18,028
Malagasang II-C
4,716
Malagasang II-D
3,771
Malagasang II-E
1,715
Malagasang II-F
1,551
Malagasang II-G
4,301
TOTAL
403,785
Source: PSA 2015 Census
*Number of households computed based on average household size
Average Household
Size
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
4.10
In terms of age distribution, Imus’s population is quite young and, possibly, a major productive
resource and economic driver of the City. In 2015, individuals aged 20-24 years old (9.33%), 1519 (9.27), and 30-34 (9.06%) comprised the largest age groups in the City. Forty-five percent of
Imus residents are between the ages of 15-39, a period in an individual’s life cycle wherein one
is most active and productive. The potential of this group could be best maximized if they
would be provided with the requisite human capital investments (i.e.: education, healthcare)
and an environment conducive for commerce and investment (i.e.: access to credit, ease in
doing
business).
The City of Imus has a potential labor force 297,614 (73.71% of total population). These are
individuals with ages 15 and above who could either be employed or unemployed. When
categorized into working age (15-64) and dependent (0-14 and 65 and above) groups, there are,
on the average, 2.2 individuals in Imus who could provide for one dependent. This favorable
dependency ratio, combined with requisite human capital investment and a conducive business
climate, is a demographic dividend for the City that could potentially lead to high productivity
and resources freed for other economic activities.
The Human Development Indicators of the City of Imus’ population are also rather favorable.
From 2011-2014, the City’s infant mortality (number of deaths under one year of age per 1,000
live births) and maternal mortality rates (number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births)
have been steadily decreasing. In 2015, almost all Imus residents 10 years and older were
literate (99.7%). More than one-fourth (25.53%) of the City’s inhabitants has a high school
diploma. Thirty-eight percent of the population have been able to enlist in college and roughly
one out of every 5 (22.57%) of Imus residents have a college degree. Compared to the Province
of Cavite, the percentage of Imus residents who have finished either high school or college is
much higher.
Given the relative proximity of City of Imus to Metropolitan Manila, its high level of
urbanization as reflected in its relatively high population and built-up densities, and the level
educational attainment of its inhabitants, it is not surprising that the City’s workforce is mainly
involved in the secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (services) sectors of the economy.
Nearly seven out of every 10 working individuals are associated with occupational groups such
as service and sales workers (17.04%), clerical support workers (14.42%), plant and machine
operators and assemblers (14.38%), technicians and associate professionals (13.72%), and
professions (11.31%).
While Imus City’s human resources have much potential, its population growth trends are a
cause for some concern. From 2000-2015, the City’s population grew by an average of 4.95%.
This is more twice the rate of the national average for the same period, and it clearly
demonstrates that Imus has and continues to experience high rates of in-migration. If this
current growth rate continues, by 2027, the City’s population is projected to reach 721,007.
This fast-growing population could adversely affect the present and future capacity of the city
government to properly allocate resources for social services and development.
46
1.6. Social Sector
1.6.1. Social Sub-Sector: Education
The City of Imus has a well-distributed network of 151 private and 33 public schools that offer
K-12, technical-vocational, and tertiary level educational services to its residents. This includes
the Imus Vocational and Technical School (IVTS) under the Office of the City Mayor. While these
institutions are physically accessible, the City’s public schools have current and projected
deficiencies in teaching personnel and structures. At present, an additional 225 K-6, 11, and
SPED teachers are needed to comply with the Department of Education (DepEd) standard ratios
of 1 teacher: 35 students in the primary and 1:40 in the secondary levels. Imus National HS
Main (25), Imus National HS Greengate Annex (58), and Gen. Licerio Topacio HS (74) have the
greatest need with regards to K-6 faculty, while Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo HS-Main needs the most
number of SPED teachers (5). With the projected increase in the City’s school enrollment rates
pegged at 2.91% and 2.56%, respectively, the City’s public-school system needs to hire an
additional 760 teachers – 497 grade school and 263 high school – in order to ensure the
provision of quality education to its constituents.
The hiring of additional teachers, in turn, should be complemented by more school buildings. At
present the City’s public-school system needs 288 more classrooms at the kindergarten and 255
at the grade 1 to grade 12 (33) levels. In particular, the Alapan I (7), Bucandala (10), and
Malagasang I are the elementary schools that have the greatest need for new classrooms,
while, at the secondary level, General Emilio Aguinaldo National High School-Main (30),
Malagasang II Elementary School (37), and Imus National High School-Main (45) have the
highest deficiencies in buildings.
The need to build and find locations for school buildings, whether on current sites or new areas,
is exacerbated by the poor location or compromised structural integrity of some educational
facilities that make them at risk to flooding and earthquakes. Based on the CDRA results, Legion
South School in Barangay Bucandala is highly at risk to flooding, while schools in Barangays
Alapan II-A, Bayan Luma VI, Malagasang I-G, and Medicion II-A are moderately in danger of
being affected by flood events. Schools at low risk to landslide are those located in Anabu,
Bagong Silang, Buhay Na Tubig, Magdalo, Maharlika, Malagasang, Mariano Espeleta, Pasong
Buaya and Pinagbuklod. There are likewise buildings in D.M Camerino, Imus Pilot, Malagasang
III, and Toclong Elementary Schools, as well as Imus National High School that need major
repairs, are for condemnation, or are for demolition. Failure to relocate affected schools or
47
retrofit and replace particular buildings may adversely compromise the delivery of quality
educational services as well as the safety of students and educational personnel.
In addition to addressing deficiencies in teaching personnel and educational structures, it would
be advisable to review educational streams offered in the City of Imus’ public-school system
and its IVTS. This is to help ensure that the City’s graduates would have skills attuned to current
as well as potential job-generating sectors that Imus should be able to take advantage of.
One skill set that holds much promise and should be emphasized in the school curricula is
know-how pertaining to organic and natural farming practices and agricultural processing
technologies. Despite rapid urbanization that has led to widespread land conversion, there are
still significant portions agricultural areas in the City. Properly utilizing these lands to produce
vegetables and short-term fruits could become a source of employment for the City’s younger
and unemployed population, as agriculture still requires the least amount of investments to
produce jobs. Not only would a specific set of organic farming courses provide jobs since such
activities are more labor-intensive than conventional farming. Producing food in this manner
would result in much less damage to the natural environment and its products would be of
higher value, a lot safer to consume, and contribute to the City’s food self-sufficiency.
Moreover, students who would acquire knowledge and use equipment for the processing of
agricultural produce would possibly lead to higher value-added products for the market and
generate even more employment.
In addition to its agricultural lands, the City of Imus has Spanish colonial heritage, the historical
role the then “pueblo” played in the Philippine Revolution, and its being the home of many
writers and literary men during the period of Filipino culturalism in the American colonial era,
has been largely untapped. The conservation and management of Old Spanish-era houses, the
rediscovery and marketing of food products that originated from Imus, the rehabilitation of
Philippine Revolution battle sites and monuments, homes of famous Imus sons and daughters,
and the construction of a City Museum that could house artifacts of the City’s rich past could
serve as building blocks of a tourism system composed of sites and allied services. These
activities could serve as sources of employment for skilled people that the City’s public high
school and IVTS could endeavour to produce. Moreover, the value of the City of Imus’ rivers
and waterways, if properly rehabilitated, could potentially also serve as sites for historical and
recreational tourism.
1.6.2. Social Sub-Sector: Health and Sanitation
48
At present, Imus has three (3) main health offices (ongoing construction of 2 more), one (1) HIV
Hub, and one (1) Rehabilitation Center. These facilities are manned by four (4) doctors, nine (9)
nurses, 30 midwives, three (3) sanitary inspectors, six (6) dentists, three (3) dental aides, two
(2) nutritionist, one (1) pharmacist, three (3) medical technologists, and three (3) ambulance
drivers who all serve in the public medical facilities.
There are also 36 barangay health stations (BHS) that each serves two (2) barangays. In 2016,
the Department of Education released a Memorandum No. 27 to support the Department of
Health (DOH) and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in the
implementation of its Health Facility Enhancement Program. The Departments forged a
partnership to establish a PhilHealth TSeKap (Tamang Serbisyo para sa Kalusugan ng Pamilya)
accredited BHS within public elementary schools in barangays without an existing BHS. The
DOH initial list of schools (for DOH validation) to be built with health center includes: Alapan I
ES, Anabu II ES Bayan Luma I ES, Bucandala ES, Buhay Na Tubig ES, Gov. D. M. Camerino ES,
Imus Pilot ES, Maharlika ES, Malagasang III ES, Palico ES, Pasong Buaya I ES, Pasong Santol ES,
Tanzang Luma ES, Tinabunan ES, Toclong ES, Anabu 1st. ES, and Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda ES.
There are also four (4) hospitals, 10 medical clinics, and 19 lying-in clinics operated privately
which supplement the existing facilities of the city. To further enhance the capabilities of this
network of health facilities, an Occupational Therapy and Speech Therapy Clinic is being
constructed by the City government.
The present complement of health facilities is not sufficient to properly serve the needs of the
City’s residents, some of whom might be compelled to access healthcare from more expensive
private institutions. The City’s rapidly expanding population justifies and makes it necessary to
identify a 1.5-hectare area within Imus to construct a government hospital and provide funds
for it. Regarding existing health facilities, interventions identified structures should either be
retrofitted or relocated to areas that are not highly susceptible to floods and earthquakes to
ensure the safety of people, the smooth delivery of health services, and prevent probable illeffects on lives and property.
Aside from requiring more public health facilities, it may be necessary to hire additional medical
personnel to augment the current complement. Based on the health personnel standards of
1:20,000 for doctors, nurses, and sanitary inspectors, the City currently had a backlog of 18
doctors, 13 nurses, and 19 sanitary inspectors. An additional 59 midwives and 3 more dentists
are currently needed to meet the standards of 1:5,000 and 1:50,000, respectively. By 2027, it is
highly recommended to hire more doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel to meet the
service demand of a growing population.
49
Overall, the health indicators of the City’s residents have generally improved over the years,
implying some progress in the general well-being of Imus residents. From 2015 to 2017, there
has been a significant decrease in incidents of more frequently reported morbidity cases such
as acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) and acute tonsillitis. However, there has
been a significant increase in the number of reported cases of boils/cutaneous abscess and HPN
over the same period. Regarding mortality cases, the five (5) most common causes of death in
Imus, namely, a) acute myocardial infarction, b) bacterial pneumonia, c) intracerebral
hemorrhage, d) other general signs and symptoms, and e) cardiac arrest, have declined
significantly over the same period. Moreover, the Operation Timbang conducted by the City
government from 2013-2017 shows a steady decrease in the number of underweight and
severely underweight children. However, steps should be taken to improve the data collection
system of the health sector to ensure that the information gathered have a higher level of
accuracy and reliability.
There are two (2) public and four (4) private cemeteries in Imus occupying about 194,250.55
sq.m. or 19.43 hectares of land, occupying only 0.37% of the total area of the city. Based on the
data collected from the Local Civil Registrar, more than half of the individuals who were permits
issued (1,712) were buried within the city (959). One concern that affects the ability of the City
government to properly plan for the expansion of burial facilities is the need for a better system
of collecting data on births and deaths within Imus.
Regarding human waste management, 97.95% of the City’s 75, 548 households have their own
sanitary toilet facilities. While they account for only 2.05% of the households in the City, there
are still 1,545 households whose members have to make do with unsanitary toilets (224), are
compelled to access public toilet facilities from their neighbor or relative (955), or those
available to the public (364). Sadly, there are two (2) households that resort to open defecation.
Proper facilities for these sanitary toilet-deficient households should be provided for as part of
the implementation of a solid waste and sewerage management plan for the City’s existing and
future communities.
1.6.1. Social Sub-Sector: Housing
Since 2000, there has been a significant increase in the number of housing units, which reflects
the residential subdivision boom that continues to transpire in the CALABARZON region.
Despite this trend, the household to occupied housing unit (HU) ratio is at a relatively high
4.27:1, way below the national standard of one household for every housing unit (1:1). One
possible reason behind this is the dearth of available affordable housing projects in the City. As
of 2014, only 36 or 8.73% of the 488 subdivision developments in Imus are classified as
50
socialized housing, as opposed to the 284 open market subdivision projects in the area. An even
more glaring sign of a housing deficiency in Imus are the 12 informal settlements that occupy
nearly 11 hectares of land area.
Table 9. Housing Situation for the Past Censal Years
1980
11,029
59,103
11,025
1990
% Inc/
No.
Dec
18,648
69.08
92,125
55.87
18,391
66.81
2000
% Inc/
No.
Dec
42,232
126.47
195,482 112.19
10,365 (43.64)
5.36
5.01
18.86
4.27
%
Number of
Distribution Subdivision
2014
Land Area
(Has.)
%
Distribution
No.
Households (HH)
Household Population
Occupied HU
Ratio of HH Population
to Occupied HU
Source: NSO/PSA
2010
% Inc/
No.
Dec
72,182
70.92
301,228 54.10
70,586 581.00
Table 10. Land Area Occupied by Subdivisions, 2013 and 2014
SUBDIVISION
Number of
Subdivision
2013
Land Area
(Has.)
36
137.89629
9.07%
36
137.89629
8.73%
133
424.18226
27.90%
140
471.59418
29.87%
281
957.23038
62.96%
284
968.06288
61.32%
RESIDENTIAL
BP 220 Low
Cost/Socialized
(Max. Selling
Price: P150T)
including Bliss
Homes
BP 220
Economic (Max.
Selling Price:
P375T)
PD 957
Residential
Subd. (Open
Market)
Classified Old
Subdivisions (No
data available)
COMMERCIAL
Commercial
Subdivision
TOTAL
Source: CPDO
23
23
4
1.05790
0.07%
5
1.20390
0.08%
477
1,520.36683
100.00
488
1,578.75726
100.00
51
Table 11. Informal Settlement Areas
Brgy.
No. of Households
Alapan I-A
Anabu II-E
Magdalo
Malagasang I-E
Malagasang II-F
Malagasang II-G
Pagasa II
Palico II
Palico III
Palico IV
Tanzang Luma VI
Toclong I-A
Source: DSWD
42
47
6
1
6
72
66
66
36
305
132
35
Based on the GIS-computed 2,120.2 hectares of residential area and the number of existing
subdivisions, Imus has an estimated 169,156 housing units. By sheer numbers these should
have more than addressed the housing needs of 97,397 households in the City. Using even
conservative estimates on projected housing needs pegged at one unit per household, the land
area required for housing by 2027 is 1,770.47 hectares, which is already within the residential
areas that already exist as of 2017. This disconnect between the number of units available and
the number of Imus-based households sharing housing with others or are living in informal
settlements imply that some residential developments may both have a surplus of unoccupied
units and idle lots. Therefore, it would be prudent to identify actual occupancy rates, lot
area/size, as well as the condition of current housing units through an assessment of available
Community-based Monitoring System data.
Table 12. Projected Housing Needs
Housing Needs
Projected HH
Open market
(single detached)
(120 sqm or 0.012
ha)
Economic Housing
(72 sqm or
0.0072)
Socialized
Housing (64 sqm
2015
2016
2017
Projected Housing Needs
2018
2019
2020
2025
2027
97,397
103,359
108,475
113,845
119,480
125,395
159,658
175,855
Housing
needs
* % share
1,169
1,240
1,302
1,366
1,434
1,505
1,916
2,110
1294.01
701
744
781
820
860
903
1,150
1,266
378.201
623
661
694
729
765
803
1,022
1,125
98.2537
52
or 0.0064)
Total
1,770.47
These housing problems are compounded by the susceptibility of some housing developments
to varying levels of flooding. Based on the results of the CDRA, 1,140.33 hectares of residential
land, about 54% of the City’s residential area, are prone to flooding. Of particular concern are
the 161.87 hectares and 71.36 hectares at risk of experiencing high (1-2m) to very high flooding
(near river systems), respectively. As such, around 233.23 hectares of residential lands (10.5%
of total) are in danger zones. Residents of these residential areas may either need to be
relocated or have their communities employ mitigation measures for floods to subside within a
day.
Measures should also be taken to provide safe and decent housing to the City’s informal settler
families (ISFs). Relocation of ISFs is an option, provided that the City government earmark areas
that are ideal for residential use. To both save on costs and maintain the sense of community
among its residents, on-site housing development should be encouraged for informal settlers
who inhabit areas that have a low risk of being affected by floods and landslides.
1.6.2. Social Sub-Sector: Social Welfare Services
The City’s Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO) implements welfare and assistance
programs for target beneficiaries such as children, youth, women, elderly individuals,
differently abled persons, indigents, and people in emergency situations. Aside from its main
office at the Municipal Building in Poblacion IV, it is in charge of a halfway home, a Bahay
Kalinga, a feeding center, a senior citizen’s center as well as 78 day care centers distributed
throughout Imus that are handled by almost 150 staff members.
A cursory review of data reveals that majority of the CSWDO’s building and staff complemented
are focused on providing day care services. The 5,517 served by the office in SY 2017-2018
represents a 6.5% increase from the previous number of 0-5-year olds served by the City’s day
care centers. This implies a need to allot plans, funds, and identify priority sites for future day
care centers. Regarding the susceptibility of facilities to the onset of extreme natural events, 11
day care centers are moderately prone to experience flooding, seven (7) are highly vulnerable,
while the susceptibility of two (2) day care centers in Malagasang 1-B and Malagasang 2-G to
flooding is very high. On the other hand, the Senior Citizens and Violence Against Women
Offices in Barangay Alapan I-C as well as the Senior Citizens Office in Paga-Asa II are moderately
prone to flooding. There are other institutional facilities that are moderately to very highly
susceptible to flooding, including the Imus Sports Complex and Imus Sports Office in Poblacion
III-A, the Barangay Disaster and Risk Management Office in Alapan I-C, the HA Office in Buhay
na Tubig, and the Istana Multipurpose Hall in Malagasang I-F (See Tables 4.35-4.38.). This
53
means that the ability of some of the City’s social welfare facilities to provide vital social
services may be intermittently hampered by flooding events.
1.6.3. Social Sub-Sector: Protective Services
The City of Imus has police force headquarters beside the Imus Cathedral in Poblacion III is
supported by a network of seven (7) outposts distributed throughout the City. To address, fire
incidents in a more timely fashion, Imus has stations located at the City’s public market in
Nueno Avenue and Barangay Mariano Espeleta. The police force has 150 officers that are
complemented by trained civilian volunteers of the Imus Junior Police Force, the Police
Assistance Group, and Bantay Bayan Volunteers. There is also “Patrolya ng Bayan” in all the
City’s nine (9) clusters. These groups support the police in fulfilling their functions with respect
to traffic management and enforcement, emergency situations, and peace and order. The Imus
fire fighting force, on the other hand, has a complement of 20 personnel.
There has been a decline in the incidence of fires from 2012-2017, with minor bush fires being
the most common incident handled by fire fighting personnel. From 2011-2014, however, there
has been an increase in index crimes such crimes against persons, rape, crimes against
property, robbery, and theft. The City’s police, fire fighting and even penal services need
additional personnel for these institutions to properly protect the lives and property of Imus
residents. For Imus to meet the standard of 1 police officer for every 1000 people, 295
additional officers need to be hired. Given the projected growth the City’s population, ideally,
1,292 people would have to be hired in addition to the current number of 150 officers by 2027.
The current backlog for fire-fighters and jail guards are much worse as the current 1:22,237 firefighter-to-population ratio and the 1:37 jail guard-to-inmate ratio are both way below the
government standard of 1:2,000 and 1:7, respectively.
Table 13. Fire Incidence, 2012-2017
Origin / Cause
Structural Fires
(Residential/Business/Mercantile/Industrial)
Grass/Rubbish Fires
Post Fires
Vehicular Fires
TOTAL
Source: BFP
54
2012
Frequency of Occurrence
2013 2014 2015 2016
2017
16
28
33
27
20
25
41
4
3
64
46
11
2
87
90
3
3
129
94
14
7
142
71
2
0
93
52
2
1
80
Table 14. Crime Incidence, 2011-2014
Type of Crime
Crime Volume
Index Crimes
Crimes Against Person
Murder
Homicide
Rape
Physical Injuries
Crimes Against Property
Carnapping
Robbery
Theft
Non-index Crimes
Source: PNP
2011
Cases
Total
Solved
437
27
343
119
13
13
9
84
224
28
106
90
94
2012
Cases
Total
Solved
460
56
317
98
9
5
7
77
219
20
94
105
143
2013
Cases
Total
Solved
492
339
275
123
35
4
15
69
152
2
49
101
217
2014
Cases
Total
Solved
804
381
366
138
27
0
25
86
228
10
49
169
438
Table 15. Current and Projected Requirement for Police
Police Force (Ideal- 1:500)
Year and Projected
Pop.
2017 - 444,749
2018 - 466,764
2019 - 489,869
2020 - 514,118
2025 - 654,598
2027 - 721,007
Required
889
934
980
1,028
1,309
1,442
Needed (less
existing police force
of 150)
739
784
830
878
1,159
1,292
Police Force (Min. Standard 1:1,000)
Needed (less
Required
existing police force
of 150)
445
295
467
317
490
340
514
364
655
505
721
571
Table 16. Current and Projected Requirement for Fire Force
Year and Projected
Pop.
2017 - 444,749
2018 - 466,764
2019 - 489,869
2020 - 514,118
2025 - 654,598
2027 - 721,007
Fire Force (Ideal- 1:2,000)
Needed (less
Required
existing fire force of
20)
222
202
233
213
245
225
257
237
327
307
361
341
55
Fire Truck (1:28,000)
Needed (less
Required
existing fire force of
20)
16
14
17
15
17
15
18
16
23
21
26
24
Table 17. Current and Projected Requirement for Jail Personnel
Number of inmates
971
Jail Guard (Ideal- 1:5 inmates)
Required
194
Needed
168
Jail Guard (Min. Standard - 1:7
inmates)
Required
Needed
139
113
Moreover, based on the CDRA, there are protective services facilities that are at risk to
flooding. Malagasang 2-C Barangay Outpost and Pag-asa III Barangay Outpost are moderately at
risk, while eight (8) facilities are at low risk to landslide.
1.6.4. Social Sub-Sector: Sports and Recreation
There are 471 recreational facilities in Imus, mainly covered and open-air basketball courts that
are privately-owned (See Tables 18). The City also has several public libraries and the Imus
Sports Complex, a venue for many activities. Moreover, the city park and playground, although
small (2,005 square meters) for a city park, is a favored site for pageants, concerts, and
tournaments. It has been determined that some of these recreational facilities, particularly
basketball courts and parks/open spaces, are prone to flooding. This includes the open spaces
provided by Tishabet and Patio Luisa in Barangay Toclong 2-A which are highly at risk.
Table 18. Recreational Facilities in Imus
Type of Recreational Facilities
Basketball Court (Covered/Open Court)
Playground
Volleyball Court
Multipurpose Hall
Mini Park
Clubhouse
Others (Swimming Pool, Resort, Gym, Tennis Court, etc.)
Total
Source: CPDO
Number
204
51
52
47
43
33
41
471
For a city the size of Imus, it only has less than a hectare (0.57 ha) of parks and playgrounds,
majority of which are not open to the public. Open spaces are integral to improving the
liveability, resilience, and sense of community in human settlements as these filters the air,
promotes social contact and a sense of place among its users, and even serves as evacuation
sites. A network of parks likewise makes communities more walkable.
There is a need to identify and develop at least 20.19 ha of land in Imus that can be developed
into recreational areas to meet current needs, and this would have to be increased by 36.05 ha
56
by 2027. It is also imperative that future development of recreational spaces account for the
needs and interests of other members of Imus society (i.e., women, senior citizens), while also
serving as green infrastructure that could help improve air quality. In addition to identifying
areas for recreation, existing basketball courts that are ideal as evacuation points should be
identified, profiled, and mapped. Moreover, there should be a program for the protection of
existing open spaces and recreational facilities in Imus to ensure that these will be enjoyed by
current and future residents.
1.7. Economic Sector
Imus has diverse activities that contribute to its economy. The City’s main economic drivers are
agriculture, commerce and trade, industry, and tourism. Based on existing records, Imus has a
potential labor force of 297,614 or 73.71% of its population.
However, there is limited data to track activities of these sectors within the city. This makes it
difficult for the city government to identify its comparative advantage which, in turn, could
become the focus of their development programs and projects (i.e., construction of support
facilities and human capital development initiatives). Thus, the city needs to have a focused
economic development thrust to strategically allocate government resources and optimize its
economic potential.
1.7.1. Economic Sub-Sector: Agriculture
The rapid urbanization of Cavite as an extension of Metro Manila is the primary cause of the
decline of agriculture in the City of Imus. Since 1990, the agricultural lands of Imus have
continuously declined (See Table 19). So much that the area allotted to agriculture in the city
has decreased by 37% during the last 10 years.
Table 19. Agricultural Land Area of City of Imus, 2017
Year
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Total Agricultural Lands (in
ha)
2,536.0
1,950.0
1,790.0
1,770.0
1,741.0
1,741.0
1,741.0
1,701.0
1,701.0
57
Percentage to Total Land
Area (%)
26%
20%
18%
18%
18%
18%
18%
18%
18%
Total Agricultural Lands (in
ha)
2007
1,701.0
2007
1,701.0
2008
1,701.0
2009
1,701.0
2010
1,701.0
2011*
1,684.0
2012*
1,684.0
2013*
1,684.0
2014*
1,684.0
2015*
1,071.63
2016*
1,071.63
2017*
1,071.63
Source: CAO, *Total land area used: 5,314.60 hectares
Year
Percentage to Total Land
Area (%)
18%
18%
18%
18%
18%
32%
32%
32%
32%
20%
20%
20%
The major crops of Imus are rice, mango and vegetables. In 2017, the city produced 5,395.8
metric tons of rice from 680 hectares planted during the wet season and 522.7 hectares
planted during the dry season. Vegetables that were from 47 hectares of land amounted to
520.5 metric tons, while mango production recorded 1,260 metric tons from 105 hectares of
orchards.
Rice remains the main agricultural product of the city. Its 773 hectares of Riceland produce an
average annual yield of 3-5 metric ton per hectare. Majority of Imus farmers reside in Pasong
Buaya and Malagasang I -- the city’s rice granary.
Through the years, however, land dedicated to rice production have decreased by 10.26%. This
translated to a 28.84% reduction in the volume of rice produced. In addition, rice farming is also
at risk to natural hazards such as flooding and landslides. As of 2017, 20% of the city’s
agricultural land area has varying levels of risks to flooding and landslide based on the CDRA
results.
There are 19 Imus barangays that have Agrarian Reform Communities (ARC). There are 121
farmers in these ARCs who cultivate a total of 1,106 hectares, but the city government is still in
the process of mapping these areas. Currently, the city government is supporting the
agricultural sector by implementing projects such as the Organic Agriculture Program, High
Value Crops Production, Rice Production, and Techno-Demo on Rice Production.
Table 20. Agrarian Related Concerns, 2017
Concerns
Location
58
Area
(in hectares)
No. of
Farmer-
Beneficiaries
A. CARPable Lands
1. Land Distribution
(LAD)
2. Non-Land
Distribution Leasehold Operation
B. Agrarian Reform
Communities (ARCs)
Alapan I-A, Alapan I-B, Alapan IC, Alapan II-A, Alapan II-B,
Malagasang I-A, Malagasang IB, Malagasang I-C, Malagasang
I-D, Malagasang I-E,
Malagasang I-F, Malagasang IG, Malagasang II-A,
Malagasang II-B, Malagasang IIC, Malagasang II-D,
Malagasang II-E, Malagasang IIF, Malagasang II-G
Total
Source: Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), 2017
66.72
11
707.56
234
1,106.0
121
(89 male, 32
female)
1,880.28
366
Table 21. Agriculture Related Projects, Approved/ Funded for Implementation
Name/ Type of Project
Location
1. Organic Agriculture
Program
Malagsang I
27 Public Schools of Imus
Malagsang I
Anabu I
Bucandala
Alapan II
Malagsang I
Anabu I
Bucandala
Alapan II
2. High Value Crops
Production
3. Rice Production
4. Techno - Demo on
Rice Production
Source: CAO
Malagasang I -E
Type
Proponent (Government,
Private, Other)
BuB
Government
BuB
Government
BuB
Government
Hybrid
Rice
Government
1.7.2. Economic Sub-Sector: Commerce and Trade
Commercial development in Imus is heavily concentrated in a linear pattern along the Emilio
Aguinaldo Highway. This development reinforces a dependence on automobiles to access
establishments along this strip, thus contributing to loss of highway capacity, insufficient
parking spaces, and diminished environmental quality. Moreover, the planned unit
development zone along the Aguinaldo Highway has not been fully materialized. Instead, there
59
have been sporadic developments consisting of residential estates, commercial establishments
and some industrial establishments extending towards south of the city.
The City of Imus has attracted a significant amount of investments partly because of the
relatively cheaper cost of doing business in the city compared to other local governments in
Cavite. Among the cities in Cavite, Imus offers the 2nd cheapest cost of electricity for
commercial users and industrial firms. In 2017, there were 9,936 business permits granted of
which 1,797 were new businesses. Based on records, 66% of the business permits that were
issued were involved in wholesale and retail trade, motor vehicle repair, motorcycles, as well as
personal and household goods. Of these new permits, almost 25% (446) are service businesses,
21.7% (390) are into retail, 11.24% (202) are sari-sari stores, 9.91% (178) are lessors, 4.67% (84)
are new restaurants, and 3.95% (71) are new businesses in public markets. Other business
applications, among others, include contractors (retail and services), importers, lenders,
money/pawnshop, and wholesalers/distributors.
Table 22. Number of Business Permits Granted, 2013-2017
Business Permits
Wholesale and Retail trade/repair of motor
vehicles motorcycles personal and household
goods
Hotels/Restaurants
Transport, Storage and Communication
Financial Intermediation
Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities
Education
Health & Social Work
Other Community, Social and Personal
Service activities
TOTAL
Source: BPLO
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
4,343
4,955
5,277
6,154
6,550
200
149
258
1,046
130
87
229
200
283
1,247
168
109
325
254
293
1,619
173
120
441
155
447
1,768
173
111
491
186
502
1,900
174
130
4
4
3
8,065
9,253
9,936
6,213
7,191
Table 23. Number of Business Establishments, 2016-2017
Year
2016
2017
Source: BPLO
Total Number of
Business
8,147
9,021
Number of
Provisional Permit
42
37
Number of Water
Distributor
9
9
Commercial activity in Imus has grown steadily as manifested by a 62.53% increase in business
permits issued in the last five (5) years. The number of business establishments increased by
9.69% in 2017, while the issuance of provisional permits has decreased by 13.51%. The latter is
60
issued to business establishments whose locations do not comply with the City’s zoning and
building ordinances. On the other hand, the number of business establishments that have been
issued letters of delinquency have fluctuated from 2013 to 2017.
Currently, commercial uses cover 2.06% of the city’s total land area. The proportion of the
commercial areas to built-up areas is 3.67%, which is larger than the standard allocation for
commercial areas prescribed by the HLURB.
In terms of climate and disaster risk management, results of the CDRA showed that around
37.73 ha. allocated for commercial uses across 57 barangays are at risk to flooding, while 39.42
ha. within 28 barangays are at risk to landslide. Some commercial establishments are found to
be at risk to natural hazards. Savemore, Abad Supermarket, Puregold, and Imus Public Markets
1 and 2 are at risk to flooding while the commercial establishments such as the Kostal Market, S
& R Membership, and Puregold are at risk to landslide.
1.7.3. Economic Sub-Sector: Industry
Imus has four (4) economic zones/industrial estates, namely: EMI Special Economic Zone
(Anabu II), Cavite BPO Project (Anabu II-D), FRC Supermall (Palico), and Suntech Ipark
(Lancaster). The city has 24 industries, which include those owned by big corporations such as
Liwayway Marketing and San Miguel-Yamamura that specialize in different products.
Table 24. Inventory of Industrial Establishment, 2017
Products
No. of
Employment
Capitalization
Chan C. Bros., Inc.
Plastic Products Lightning
Fixtures, Light Diffusers, Nova
Plastic Glass Sheets, PSShower Enclosure
49
120,000,000
Rainbow 21, Apparel,
Inc.
Ladies Apparel
409
2,000,000
Name of Company
Don Robert 'S Winery
Eds Mfg., Inc.
Hayag Motorworks &
Machine Shop
Liwayway Marketing
Monti Textile
Manufacturing
Pac Mac Inc.
Riverdale Confectionary
Green and Yellow Mango Wine,
Brewed Coffee Wine
Automotive Wiring Harness
11
5,000,000
8,200
230,000,000
Assembled Jeepneys
61
5,000,000
Snackfoods and Starch
Repacker
2,787
50,000,000
Knitted Fabrics
100
NDA
Industrial Adhesives/Cement
Marshmallows
17
128
40,000,000
40,000,000
61
Name of Company
Industry Inc.
San Miguel –
Yamamura Asia
Corporation
Annie's Candy Mfg.
Astra Paper
Werztivar Mktg. Corp.
Coca-Cola Femsa
Eastman Industrial
Supply
Greenstone
Pharmaceutical H. K.
Inc.
Hari Garments
Koldstore Centre Phils.
Inc.
Optimized Customer
Solutions, Inc. (Ocsi)
Optimized Customer
Solutions Plus, Inc.
(Ocsiplus)
Pacific Features, Inc.
Powerry
Purican Food Corp.
Scanasia
Source: BPLO
No. of
Employment
Capitalization
299
1,020,000,000
150
1,000,000
24
214
4,000,000
NDA
156,851,828.25
5
NDA
Katinko Ointment
50
10,000,000
Garments & Underwear
Cold Storage, Facilities Blast
Freezing
178
5,000,000
68
NDA
Nestle Products
45
NDA
Champion (Detergent Bar &
Powder)
25
NDA
13
NDA
Products
Glass Containers for Beer,
Beverages, and Food
Candies: Honey Chocolate,
Purple Yam Candy, Jack Fruit
Candy
Paper
Dry Goods (Stock Room)
Juice Concentrates
Warehouse (Water pumps &
motor)
Warehouse/Distributor - all
occassion cards and wrappers
Warehouse (Woodtiles,water
pumps & motor)
Canned Goods
Distributor of Imported Cheese
NDA
25
32
NDA
NDA
The existing allocation of the city for industrial land uses comprises 87.10 hectares or 1.66% of
its total land area. Imus has sufficient areas for industries until 2021 where they could opt to
increase intensity to medium or heavy for further development.
Table 25. Industrial Land Intensity Standards (Light Intensity)
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Population
444,749
466,764
489,869
514,118
539,566
Area requirement
35.57992
37.34112
39.18952
41.12944
43.16528
62
In 2017, the City of Imus issued City Ordinance No. 03-87 or the Revised 2017 Investment
Incentives Code. Article 5 of the ordinance identified the priority areas for investment
incentives. For light manufacturing, priorities include (but not limited to) light metals, toy
manufacturing, ceramics, jewelry making, herbal medicines, precision assembly,
semiconductors, farm implements, furniture/furnishing, garments, food processing, gift and
holiday decors. For electronic and computer products, priority activities are (but not limited to),
automation/wiring harness, microchips, computer and cellphone manufacture, and household
appliances.
CDRA results show that around 18.03 ha (57.48%) of industrial areas are exposed to flooding,
while 59.79 ha (76%) are susceptible to landslide.
1.7.4. Economic Sub-Sector: Culture, Heritage, and Tourism
Imus has a rich historical background that could be used to promote heritage tourism. The city
is known as the Flag Capital of the Philippines as it is the place where the first Philippine flag
was raised during the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1989. Other heritage/historical/tourism sites
within Imus include the Imus Historical Marker, Imus Cathedral, City Plaza, Bridge of Isabel II,
Camp General Pantaleon Garcia, Arsenal of Imus, Battle of Julian Bridge Marker, and House of
Tirona, among others.
These aforementioned sites were visited by 4,852 local tourists and 262 foreign tourists in
2016. Currently, the city government is proposing to have a walking tour package which
includes sites such as the City plaza and Imus Historical Museum, and to develop the site of the
Battle of Alapan. In addition, several cultural and tourism activities/festivals take place in the
city such as the Wagayway Festival, Battle of Alapan (National Flag Day), Declaration of
Philippine Independence, Cityhood Anniversary, Battle of Imus, Imus Octoverload, Araw ng
Imus, Feast of Nuestra Senora Del Pilar, and Paskuhan sa Imus.
Table 26. Cultural and Tourism Activities/ Festivals
Activity
Frequency of Activity
Wagayway Festival
Annual
Battle of Alapan (National Flag Day)
Annual
Declaration
of
Philippine
Annual
Independence
Cityhood Anniversary
Annual
Battle of Imus
Annual
Imus Octoverload
Annual
Araw ng Imus
Annual
63
Duration of Activity
May 24 to May 28
May 28
June 12
June 30
September 3
October 1 to October 28
October 7
Feast Day of Nuestra Senora Del Pilar
Paskuhan sa Imus
Source: Tourism Office
Annual
Annual
October 12
December 1 to December 31
Despite its rich history and cultural heritage, the city government still needs to improve on
areas such as branding and/or marketing, infrastructure support in heritage sites/areas, and
tourist monitoring and management mechanisms, in order to enhance its tourism potential and
stimulate economic development in this sector.
1.8. Infrastructure Sector
1.8.1. Infrastructure Sub-Sector: Transportation
Due to its location and presence of primary road networks, the City of Imus serves as a major
gateway between Cavite Province and Metro Manila. The city is accessible by land travel on the
northeast via Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Highway and on the east via Molino Road, which provide
linkages to the cities of Bacoor and Metro Manila. On the south, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Highway
connects the city to the towns of Dasmariñas, Silang, Tagaytay City, and other upland
municipalities. The western and northwestern section of Imus is accessible via Cavite Coastal
Road and/or Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) linking the northwest towns of Cavite such as Kawit,
Noveleta and Cavite City. The on-going construction of the Cavite-Laguna Expressway (CALAX)
which transects the city is expected to provide further accessibility between the provinces of
Cavite and Laguna.
The upswing in economic activities and investor confidence in the 1990’s paved way for the
development of major industrial and residential estates as well as commercial, recreational and
institutional facilities to support the needs of a growing urbanized population. However, with
this fast-paced development, the transport system (which includes infrastructure and other
transport elements) has lagged behind, and this has resulted in a decline in its level of service.
64
Figure 17. Road Network Map
65
As of 2016, the city only has a total road and bridge length of approximately 380.31 kilometers.
This is way below the 1,120.23 kilometers of road that it needs based on 2.4 km/1000
population standard of the DPWH. By year 2027, the City of Imus would be needing around
1,730.42 kilometers of road to facilitate its growth and development.
Table 27. Inventory of Roads by System Classification and Type of Pavement, 2016
Concrete
Asphalt
Earth
Total
Road Classification
Length
L
L
L
%
C
%
C
%
C
(Km)
(Km)
(Km)
(Km)
National/Expressways 16.31
16.31 100.00 Fair
Provincial
60.07
37.26
62.03 Fair 13.17 21.92 Fair 9.65 16.06 Poor
City/Barangay
303.53 154.62 50.94 Fair 112.31 37.00 Fair 36.58 12.05 Poor
Bridges
0.40
TOTAL
380.31
Source: City Engineering Office, 2016; CPDO, 2016 (based on GIS calculation estimates)
Table 28. Inventory of Bridges by Location and Type, 2017
Bridge
Name
Unknown
Malagasang
Bridge II
Unknown
Unknown
Daang Hari
Bridge
Malagasang
Bridge II
Malagasang
Bridge III
Unknown
Pag Asa
Bridge
Kanluran
Bridge
Miguel Santo
Bridge
Road Name
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Daang Hari
Road
Antero
Soriano HiWay
Antero
Soriano HiWay
Miguel
Santo Road
- New Road
Bridge
Length
(in m)
25.00
39.00
25.00
25.00
10.00
39.00
8.00
25.00
Type
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Concret
e
Year
Built
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Load
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
Super
Structur
e
RC
Girder
RC
Girder
RC
Girder
RC
Girder
No.
Girder
s
RC Slab
0
RC
Girder
4
RC Slab
0
RC
Girder
4
4
4
4
4
7.40
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
8
9.00
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
8
6.00
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknow
n
RC Slab
0
66
Bridge
Name
Road Name
Malagasang
Bridge
Name
Palanas
Road
Palanas
Road
Gen.
Satorre
Street
Col. M.
Topacio
Street
Juan Munti
Villanueva
Street
D.C Ilano
Boulevard
Unknown
Patio Tirona
Palanas
Bridge
Palanas
Bridge
Satorre
Bridge
Hanging
Bridge
Medicion
Bridge
Bridge
Length
(in m)
33.00
63.00
Type
Concret
e
Concret
e
Year
Built
Unknown
Unknown
Load
Super
Structur
e
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
RC
Girder
No.
Girder
s
4
4
12.00
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
4
14.00
Timber
Unknown
Unknow
n
Timber
0
18.00
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
4
Unknow
n
Unknow
n
RC
Girder
RC
Girder
24.00
20.00
Concret
e
Concret
e
Unknown
Unknown
4
4
Source: City Engineering Office, 2017
Table 29. Projected Urban Road Requirement based on Population Trends
Urban Road
Urban Road Requirement
Requirement* (in km)
Deficit** (in km)
2016
423,772
1,017.05
636.74
2017
444,749
1,067.40
687.09
2018
466,764
1,120.23
739.92
2019
489,869
1,175.69
795.38
2020
514,118
1,233.88
853.57
2021
539,566
1,294.96
914.65
2022
566,275
1,359.06
978.75
2023
594,305
1,426.33
1,046.02
2024
623,724
1,496.94
1,116.63
2025
654,598
1,571.03
1,190.72
2026
687,001
1,648.80
1,268.49
2027
721,007
1,730.42
1,350.11
*based on 2.4km/1000 population standard
**deficit is calculated by subtracting existing road length (380.31 km, as of 2016) with projected
urban road requirement
Year
Population
Aside from its urban road requirements, segments of the city’s roads and bridges are found to
be at risk to flooding and landslides. Evacuation routes need to be identified and incorporated
in the local government’s disaster contingency plan. Furthermore, alternative evacuation routes
need to be determined and/or constructed for redundancy purposes. Roads and bridges
67
identified to be at risk needs to be retrofitted with hazard-resistant designs. Future
developments may need to refer to the results of the CDRA to ensure safe locations and
account for engineering design considerations.
Land-based motor vehicles are the main mode of transportation in the city which are estimated
at around 81,058 vehicles. Private vehicles (51.24%), motorcycles/tricycles (45.89%), and
jeepneys (1.20%) are the most common vehicles in the city. Since 2014, there has been an
increase of 8.12% in private vehicles, 11.7% in tricycles, and 11.49% in jeepneys. The increase in
vehicles plying the city has clearly contributed to the high traffic volume currently experienced
in Imus.
Table 30. Inventory of Land Transportation Vehicles by Type, 2017
Type of Vehicle
Cars
Utility Vehicle
Sports Utility Vehicle
Trucks
Buses
Motorcycles/Tricycles
Trailers
Jeepneys
Passenger Vans
Taxis
Total
Source: CITMO, BPLO, LTO, 2017
Number of Vehicles Registered by Year
2014
2015
2016
2017
12,510
12,837
13,175
13,570
22,455
22,556
22,657
23,336
3,450
3,957
4,538
4,628
913
782
815
831
19
14
17
18
33,301
34,849
36,468
37,198
74
78
85
88
870
910
950
970
280
300
321
327
80
84
88
92
73,452
76,367
78,934
81,058
Table 31. Service Routes of Buses and Jeepneys registered within the City of Imus, 2017
Type of Vehicle No. of Vehicles Registered
Service Route/s
Buses
18
Imus to Southern Tagalog via Alabang
Imus to Baclaran
Imus to Trece Martires
Imus to Alfonso via Tagaytay
Imus to Binakayan
Jeepneys
970
Imus to Dasmariñas via
Bucandala/Malagasang
Imus to SM-Molino
Imus to SM-Bacoor
Source: CITMO, 2017
This high volume of traffic, compounded by limited road capacities, has had adverse effects on
the reliability, convenience, comfort, affordability, safety, and security of travel within Imus.
68
This situation is clearly manifested in the traffic congestion that occurs especially during peak
hours.
Based on its trip generation analysis, the city generates an average of almost two (2) million
trips catered by different modes of such as walking, public utility vehicles (i.e. buses, jeepneys,
tricycles, passenger vans), and private cars. There are clusters within Imus that have very
limited road capacity yet generate huge volumes of trips due to the different socio-economic
activities concentrated in these areas. These conditions result into traffic congestion as can be
observed in locations such as the By-Pass Intersection, Toll Bridge/Nueno Blvd. Intersection,
Patindig Araw Intersection, District Intersection, Bucandala Intersection, Coastal-Malagasang
Intersection, Open Canal Intersection and Carsadang Bago Intersection.
Several programs and projects are listed in the Executive and Legislative Agenda for the period
2016-2019. These include the construction and installation of modern streetlights within the
city; identification and installation of street name signages; and the beautification of Nueno
Avenue. Some local laws were also enacted to support transport-related programs, projects,
and activities in the city. City Ordinance No.03-88 Series of 2017, or an ordinance to
institutionalize an alternative route system along public and private roads in the City of Imus,
intends to help decongest traffic along main thoroughfares within the city. SP Resolution No.
03-2017-243, or a resolution authorizing the mayor to enter and sign into a memorandum of
agreement with the Road Board, was introduced to establish a roads locational referencing
system and conduct a local road inventory. However, the local government needs to make
significant investments to increase road capacity and enhance traffic management.
Furthermore, transport support facilities such as walkways, public transport terminals, parking
spaces, and designated stops must also be considered in order to improve transport conditions
in the city.
1.8.2. Infrastructure Sub-Sector: Power
The Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) serves the electric needs of the entire city. As of 2015,
there are 76, 443 households served with electricity while around 1,158 are either unserved
with electricity or unaccounted for by MERALCO (illegal connections).
69
Table 32. Households Served with Electricity for the Past Twenty Years
Served
Total No. of
Households
No.
1996
38,567
32,198
1997
40,288
36,703
1998
44,024
42,009
1999
45,315
43,750
2000
46,544
45,201
2001
47,718
46,535
2002
48,840
47,779
2003
49,916
48,951
2004
50,948
50,061
2005
51,941
51,119
2006
52,898
52,129
2007
56,054
55,018
2008
59,398
58,066
2009
62,942
61,284
2010
66,697
64,680
2011
70,677
68,264
2012
72,076
70,408
2013
73,503
72,049
2014
74,959
73,668
2015
76,443
75,285
Source: Utility Economics, MERALCO 2016
Year
Unserved
%
83.49
91.10
95.42
96.55
97.11
97.52
97.83
98.07
98.26
98.42
98.55
98.15
97.76
97.37
96.98
96.59
97.69
98.02
98.28
98.49
No.
6,369
3,585
2,015
1,565
1,343
1,183
1,061
965
887
822
769
1,036
1,332
1,658
2,017
2,413
1,668
1,454
1,291
1,158
%
16.51
8.90
4.58
3.45
2.89
2.48
2.17
1.93
1.74
1.58
1.45
1.85
2.24
2.63
3.02
3.41
2.31
1.98
1.72
1.51
In 2015, there were 112,667 connections in the city with an average monthly consumption of
34,851,364 KWH. Almost half (49.6%) of the monthly consumption are for residential use while
commercial, and industrial uses account for 27.5% and 22.5% of the city’s total electric
consumption, respectively. Street lighting, on the other hand, consumes around 117,366 KWH
monthly. Based on the data, there has been an increase in number of connections (9,939
connections) and average monthly consumption (5,025,358 KWH) since 2013. By 2027, the city
is projected to consume around 137,980, 475.58 KWH, the equivalent of an additional
71,687,694.66
KWH
from
its
current
power
demand.
70
%
Average
Monthly
Consumpti
on per
Connection
No. of
Connectio
ns
Average
Consumpti
on per
Month
(kwh)
Residential
95,887
15,106,815
50.6
157.55
100,407
Commercial
No. of
Connectio
ns
Average
Consumpti
on per
Month
(kwh)
2014
5,469
1,363,448
4.6
249.30
Industrial
2013
799
13,239,009
44.4
Street
Lights
Type of Consumers
Table 33. Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average Consumption (KWH/Mo.) for the Past Three Years
98
116,735
TOTA
L
102,253
29,826,006
2015
%
Average
Monthly
Consumpti
on per
Connection
No. of
Connectio
ns
Average
Consumpti
on per
Month
(kwh)
%
Average
Monthly
Consumpti
on per
Connection
15,655,102
49.0
155.92
105,826
17,282,265
49.6
163.31
6,393
8,494,856
26.6
1,328.77
6,702
9,595,132
27.5
1,431.68
16,569.47
41
7,708,174
24.1
188,004.24
44
7,856,601
22.5
178,559.11
0.4
1,191.17
95
113,711
0.4
1,196.96
95
117,366
0.3
1,235.43
100.
0
18,167.50
106,936
31,971,843
100.
0
190,685.89
112,667
34,851,364
100.
0
181,389.54
Source: Utility Economics, Rates and Pricing MERALCO, 2016
71
Table 34. Projected Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average Consumption
No. of Connections
Ave. Consumption/
Connection (KW)
Projected Monthly
Consumption (KW)
No. of Connections
Ave. Consumption/
Connection (KW)
Projected Monthly
Consumption (KW)
No. of Connections
Ave. Consumption/
Connection (KW)
Projected Monthly
Consumption (KW)
Street Lights
Projected Monthly
Consumption (KW)
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
Industrial
Ave. Consumption/
Connection (KW)
Year
Commercial
No. of Connections
Residential
105,826
111,541
117,564
123,912
130,604
137,656
145,090
152,924
161,182
169,886
179,060
188,729
198,921
163.31
171.05
179.16
187.65
196.54
205.86
215.62
225.84
236.54
247.75
259.50
271.80
284.68
17,282,265.00
19,078,922.36
21,062,359.49
23,251,993.96
25,669,261.95
28,337,828.16
31,283,817.44
34,536,070.58
38,126,426.67
42,090,034.73
46,465,697.91
51,296,253.28
56,628,991.25
6,702
7,026
7,365
7,721
8,094
8,485
8,894
9,324
9,774
10,246
10,741
11,260
11,804
1,431.68
1,542.49
1,661.88
1,790.51
1,929.10
2,078.41
2,239.28
2,412.60
2,599.34
2,800.52
3,017.28
3,250.82
3,502,.44
9,595,132.00
10,837,110.73
12,239,849.22
13,824,155.96
15,613,532.86
17,634,523.89
19,917,108.80
22,495,147.89
25,406,884.29
28,695,511.25
32,409,812.89
36,604,887.86
41,342,966.71
41
44
204
219
235
252
271
290
312
334
359
385
413
178,559.11
169,595.45
161,081.75
152,995.45
145,315.08
138,020.26
131,091.64
124,510.84
118,260.40
112,323.73
106,685.08
101,329.49
96,242.75
7,320,923.66
7,462,199.63
32,860,677.97
33,495,722.40
34,143,039.29
34,802,865.82
35,475,443.73
36,161,019.45
36,859,844.17
37,572,173.93
38,298,269.71
39,038,397.56
39,792,828.65
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
113
115
117
119
1,235.43
1,275.09
1,316.02
1,358.26
1,401.86
1,446.86
1,493.31
1,541.24
1,590.72
1,641.78
1,694.48
1,748.87
1,805.01
117,366.00
123,471.32
129,894.24
136,651.28
143,759.82
151,238.14
159,105.47
167,382.06
176,089.20
185,249.28
194,885.86
205,023.73
215,688.97
72
Total Monthly
Consumption
Demand
34,315,686.66
37,501,704.04
66,292,780.92
70,708,523.60
75,569,593.93
80,926,456.00
86,835,475.44
93,359,619.99
100,569,244.33
108,542,969.19
117,368,666.37
127,144,562.43
137,980,475.58
Projected
Increase
4,415,742.68
9,276,813.01
14,633,675.08
20,542,694.52
27,066,839.07
34,276,463.41
42,250,188.27
51,075,885.45
60,851,781.51
71,687,694.66
As of 2017, MERALCO is supplying the City with an existing load of approximately 80 MVA
distributed through five (5) substations and 17 distribution line facilities located within and in
nearby areas. To address the potential increase in power demand, MERALCO intends to allocate
110 MVA for the City of Imus by 2027. However, several power infrastructures as indicated in
the MERALCO planned to be established, (i.e., additional power substations to increase
capacity), upgraded and maintained (i.e., existing power infrastructure) within the city.
Figure 18. Existing MERALCO Power Facilities for Imus City
Source: MERALCO, 2017
Table 35. Proposed Power Related Projects, Identified Power, and Projected Power Demand for the
City of Imus
Project
Southwoods Substation
Lancaster Substation
Abubot Substation
Gahak Substation
Vermosa Substation
Source: MERALCO, 2017
Development Capacity
Year
(MVA)
2018
2019
2019
2022
2024
83
83
83
83
83
73
Identified
Power
Requirement
35 MVA
53 MVA
22 MVA
Projected
Power
Demand (KW)
70,708,523.60
75,569,593.93
75,569,593.93
93,359,619.99
108,542,969.19
Projected
Additional
Power
Demand
from 2017
(KW)
4,415,742.68
9,276,813.01
9,276,813.01
27,066,839.07
42,250,188.27
1.8.3. Infrastructure Sub-Sector: Water
Domestic water supply is provided by three (3) main entities, namely, Maynilad Water Services
Inc. (Maynilad), BP Waterworks Inc. (BPWI), and Goodhands Water Specialists Inc (GWSI).
Maynilad serves as the main provider of the city as its services covers 86 barangays. BPWI
serves majority of the barangays in Cluster 6 (9 barangays in total), while GWSI has its
operations in the Malagasang and Buhay na Tubig areas.
At present, the city consumes around 1,579,362.21 cubic meters per month. Around 29.68% of
this water are sourced from deep wells via ground water extraction. The rest are supplied by
water distribution lines using surface water sources. As of 2015, 28,786 households (29.56%)
are served by Level II water supply, 48,225 (49.51%) by Level III infrastructure, while around
20.93% are either served by Level I water supply and/or from unaccounted water connections
(illegal connections).
Table 36. Level III Local Waterworks System by Type and Number of Consumers and Average Water
Consumption, 2015
No. of
Connections
Ave. Monthly
Water
Consumption
(in cu. m)
No. of
Connections
Ave. Monthly
Water
Consumption
(in cu. m)
No. of
Connections
Ave. Monthly
Water
Consumption
(in cu. m)
86 out of
36,240
97
Source: Maynilad, 2016
Industrial
Ave. Monthly
Water
Consumption
(in cu. m)
Barangays
Served
No. of
Connections
Domestic
Type of Consumer
Semi-Business
Commercial
643,974
353
12,081
421
53,049
3
43
Currently, the monthly water requirement of the city is at 1,736.108.06 m 3. However, with the
projected increase in residential, commercial and industrial establishments, it is estimated that
the water requirement could more than double to 4,068,477.01 m3 by 2027.The city would
need to ensure that these projected water requirements are met by managing the supply of the
different water resources of the city, collaborating with the main water providers to lay down
the
needed
infrastructure,
and
establishing
policies
(i.e.
incentives
for
businesses/establishments) that would promote water conservation practices.
74
Table 37. Projected Water Requirement by Type of User and Ave. Monthly Consumption, 2015
No. of
Household
s
403,785
97,397
423,772
103,359
444,749
108,475
466,764
113,845
489,869
119,480
514,118
125,395
539,566
131,602
566,275
138,116
594,305
144,953
623,724
152,128
654,598
159,658
687,001
167,561
721,007
175,855
1,294,406.1
3
1,362,104.0
0
1,497,287.7
8
1,645,888.0
5
1,809,236.3
5
1,988,796.3
6
2,186,177.0
4
2,403,147.0
2
2,641,650.4
7
2,903,824.5
1
3,192,018.3
5
3,508,814.3
6
3,857,051.2
0
353
12,081.00
416
Industrial
Projected
Water
Requireme
nt (in cu.
m)
No. of
Connection
s
201
5
201
6
201
7
201
8
201
9
202
0
202
1
202
2
202
3
202
4
202
5
202
6
202
7
Populatio
n
Projected
Water
Requireme
nt (in cu.
m)
Commercial
No. of
Connection
s
Yea
r
Projected
Water
Requireme
nt (in cu.
m)
Semi-Business
No. of
Connection
s
Residential
Projected
Water
Requireme
nt (in cu.
m)
421
53,049.00
3
1,784.25
13,477.36
517
59,196.92
3
1,989.99
483
14,814.94
626
65,072.00
4
2,187.49
560
16,285.26
759
71,530.16
4
2,404.59
650
17,901.52
918
78,629.26
4
2,643.24
755
19,678.17
86,432.92
5
2,905.57
876
21,631.16
95,011.07
5
3,193.94
104,440.57
6
3,510.93
114,805.91
6
3,859.37
126,199.97
7
4,242.40
138,724.85
8
4,663.44
152,492.78
9
5,126.27
167,627.12
9
5,635.04
1,01
7
1,18
0
1,36
9
1,58
9
1,84
5
2,14
1
23,777.97
26,137.85
28,731.93
31,583.47
34,718.02
38,163.65
111
2
134
6
163
0
197
4
239
0
289
3
350
3
424
1
Total
Monthly
Water
Supply
Requireme
nt (in cu.m)
1,361,320.3
8
1,436,768.2
7
1,579,362.2
1
1,736,108.0
6
1,908,410.3
6
2,097,813.0
3
2,306,013.2
1
2,534,876.4
9
2,786,453.6
0
3,062,998.8
1
3,366,990.1
1
3,701,151.4
2
4,068,477.0
1
In terms of flood control and management, the city is naturally susceptible to flooding,
especially its northern portion which acts as a natural catch basin and is located along channels
where water flows from the highland areas of the province of Cavite towards Manila Bay. Aside
from the natural water that flows towards waterways and rainwater, several factors also
contribute to water runoff. These include the: (i) perviousness or capacity of the ground to be
penetrated by, absorb and retain water; (ii) urban water outflow or water consumed by
different urban activities; and (iii) the different flood control and drainage facilities that manage
the flow and amount of water that would be released towards the natural waterways.
With rapid land development and activities, the land area of pervious areas within the city is
slowly declining. At present, around 2,061 hectares or 40.91% of the total land area are
considered pervious areas, but with the projected increase in land development, this number
could further decrease. Furthermore, activities in these pervious areas contribute to the urban
water outflow that will further stress the carrying capacity of natural waterways and channels.
Several projects are pipelined to address some of the water-related issues of the City. These
projects include the construction of a retarding basin; and quarterly scheduled dredging of
75
canals. Based on the Executive and Legislative Agenda for 2016-2019, a significant amount is
allocated for flood mitigation projects. There is also an allocation for the acquisition of
surveying instruments that could be utilized for inventory and data collection purposes.
However, policies to monitor and regulate land development, such as setting pervious area
requirements for developers; monitoring compliance to open space requirements; collecting
storm water utility user fees; and ensuring that natural waterways and channels are not
obstructed and/or not buried by land development, need to be established and strictly
implemented and monitored.
1.8.4. Infrastructure Sub-Sector: Information, and Communication
Technology
Most of the residents and establishments in the city have access to internet, telephone and
mobile services. Philippine Long Distance and Telephone Company (PLDT), Globe
Telecommunication, Inc. (GLOBE) and Digital Telecommunications Phils. Inc. (DIGITEL) are the
major providers of telecommunication services. PLDT, SMART Telecommunications, Inc.
(SMART), GLOBE and Sun Cellular (SUN), cater the internet and mobile service needs of the City.
These digital and telecommunication services are delivered by utilizing communication
infrastructure such as telecommunication and/or cell sites/towers.
Table 38. Telephone, Mobile and Internet Service Providers, 2017
Telephone, Mobile and Internet Service Providers
Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company
DIGITEL (Digital Telecommunications Phils. Inc.)
SMART Telecommunications, Inc.
Globe Telecommunication, Inc.
Sun Cellular
Source: CPDO, 2017
The quality and reliability of telecommunications and mobile services are expected to greatly
improve by having more facilities of these types added to the existing network. However,
identification and securing locations for these towers is a major hurdle that service providers
must overcome since social acceptance for this type of infrastructure is limited due to its
assumed health and security risks. Moreover, several existing communication facilities are
found to be at risk to flooding and landslide based on the CDRA.
For the city to realize its vision of a technology-driven economy, and to encourage investments
from industries such as Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO), education, and tourism among
others, the city government must enhance the existing capacity, quality, and reliability of ICT
76
services and infrastructure by collaborating with ICT providers, and providing an environment
suitable for upgrade and expansion.
77
Chapter 2. EXISTING LAND USE STUDIES
2.1.
Existing Land Uses
The land uses within the City of Imus can be categorized into two (2) types: built up, and
agricultural. These land uses are a natural outcome of its geophysical characteristics and
proximity to Metro Manila. Currently, built-up areas amount to about 55% of the total land
area or 2,931.67 hectares which include residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional
areas, cemeteries, parks, roads, and infrastructure land uses. The remaining 45% or 2,382.92
hectares are composed of agricultural lands, rivers and waterways, and vacant lands.
Regarding built-up areas, residential land use occupies the largest portion of land in the city as
it makes up 2,120.20 hectares or about 40% of its total land area. Included in this category are
at least 137.90 has. utilized for socialized housing. Furthermore, an additional 11.00 ha. (0.21%)
of residential areas are informal settlements. However, socialized housing and informal
settlements data were based on the latest data records available and may actually change
based on the on-going inventory activities the City Government.
Next to residential land use, infrastructure and utilities get the second most prevalent land use
for built- up areas which make up 520.83 hectares or 9.8% of the total land area. Infrastructure
and utilities, on the other hand, include roads and bridges (460.76 ha or 8.67%), other support
infrastructure and utilities such as retention basins, irrigation facilities, power and water
facilities, telecommunication towers and waste management facilities (58.70 ha or 1.10%), and
a dumpsite (1.37 ha or 0.03%). However, the latter is now non-operational.
Industrial land uses, despite being a key element in the previous land use plan, only cover 88.09
hectares or 1.66% of the city’s territory. This includes a lot area known as the Imus Informal
Industrial Estate that is located along the stretch of the Aguinaldo Highway between Imus and
Dasmariñas. Existing industries within the area include various garment, textile industries, as
well as food and beverage factories, steel works, and other manufacturing plants. In addition,
other micro industries are distributed around the city such as small-scale food manufacturing
enterprises, glass works, candle making shops, and woodcrafts.
Other land uses in built-up areas include commercial (109.24 ha. or 2.06%), institutional (62.31
ha. or 1.17%), cemeteries (19.43 ha. or 0.37%), and parks and playgrounds (0.57 ha. or 0.01%).
For non-built up areas, the 1,071.63 ha. agricultural land account for the second largest land
use type in the city (20.16% of the total land area). Majority of these are irrigated rice lands
78
covering (773 ha) followed by areas planted to fruits and vegetables (298.16 ha.). The
remaining lands in this category are vacant and idle lands temporarily grown to agricultural
crops, but most of these vacant areas have already been reclassified in the previous version of
the plan.
Given the area allotted to it, rice is clearly the major agricultural product of the city. This is
followed by vegetables such as ampalaya, eggplant, tomato, upo and other legumes. Imus also
produces mango fruits, but orchards dedicated to its propagation occupy only a small portion of
land. Also present in the city are post-harvest agricultural facilities and backyard livestock and
poultry farms.
Currently, there is still a large portion of the city which is considered idle or vacant. Around
1,247.01 ha or 23.46% fall under this land use category. Most of these are agricultural lands
already reclassified for other urban purposes but are currently unutilized. These lands,
however, are still viable for agriculture and are sometimes temporarily grown with agricultural
crops. Other idle and vacant lands also include lands that are no longer viable for agriculture.
Rivers and waterways cover the remaining 64.28 hectares or 1.21% of the land area. These
includes the various creeks and drainages distributed within the city, as well as the three major
rivers, namely: Imus, Alang-Ylang, and Julian Rivers.
Table 39. Existing Land Use of Imus, 2017
Land Use Category
Area (hectares)*
Residential
2,120.20
Agricultural
1,071.63
Commercial
109.24
Industrial
88.09
Institutional
62.31
Rivers and waterways
64.28
Cemetery
19.43
Informal Settlement
11.00
Infrastructure and Utilities
58.70
Roads
460.76
Dumpsite
1.37
Idle/vacant lands
1,247.01
Parks and Playgrounds
0.57
TOTAL
5,314.60
*GIS computation
79
%
39.89%
20.16%
2.06%
1.66%
1.17%
1.21%
0.37%
0.21%
1.10%
8.67%
0.03%
23.46%
0.01%
100.00%
80
Figure 19. General Land Use Map, 2017
2.2.
Land Use Pattern and Trends
The land use pattern of Imus is trending towards continuous urbanization and the development
of higher-level intensity urban uses that would serve as sites for commercial and industrial
activities. Majority of these developments are concentrated along the E. Aguinaldo Highway
and other major roads within the city. Furthermore, agricultural and vacant lands will likely
make way for more residential and other urban developments.
Table 40 shows a temporal comparison of the existing land use allocation of Imus in 2008 and
2017. From the values presented, the largest change in land area allocation is for residential
land uses with an observed increase of 633.57 ha. or 11.92%. This development, however, is at
the expense of agricultural land use which decreased by 629.37 ha. or 11.85% of the city’s land
area. Conversely, urban land uses that experienced a significant increase in land area include
commercial (37.5 ha.), industrial (35.4 ha.) and institutional uses (11.92 ha.).
Table 40. Existing Land Use Comparative Matrix
Land Use Category
Residential
Agricultural
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Rivers and waterways
Cemetery
Informal Settlement
Infrastructure and
Utilities
Roads
Dumpsite
Idle/vacant lands
Parks
and
Playgrounds
TOTAL
Existing Land Use (2008)
Area
%
(hectares)*
1,486.63
1,701.00
71.78
52.72
50.39
64.28
19.43
27.97%
32.01%
1.35%
0.99%
0.95%
1.21%
0.37%
116.99
1.37
1,749.44
2.20%
0.03%
32.92%
0.57
5,314.60
0.01%
100.00%
81
Existing Land Use (2017)
Area
%
(hectares)*
2,120.20
39.89%
1,071.63
20.16%
109.24
2.06%
88.09
1.66%
62.31
1.17%
64.28
1.21%
19.43
0.37%
11.00
0.21%
58.70
1.10%
460.76
1.37
1,247.01
8.67%
0.03%
23.46%
0.57
0.01%
5,314.60
100.00%
%
Change
11.92%
-11.85%
0.71%
0.67%
0.22%
0.00%
0.00%
0.21%
1.10%
6.47%
0.00%
-9.46%
0.00%
Another land use category that increased in area are roads which now account for total of
343.77 ha. of the city’s territory, an increase of 6.47%. However, majority of these
thoroughfares are within residential subdivisions and are minimally connected to each other. It
is evident in ground surveys and observations that this lack connectivity has led to traffic
congestion and reduced mobility within the city. Currently, there are only few arterial roads
that facilitate movement between barangays, while a large number of vehicle owners still rely
on the National Highway as a main artery for movement.
Comparing the Zoning Map 2007-2017 (Figure 20. Zoning Map of Imus, 2007-2017 being
utilized by the LGU and its 2017 General Land Use Map, it could be observed that most of the
designated zones have not materialize and did not develop into their intended uses. Rather
than attracting investors and locators to develop their industries and commercial
establishments in Imus, the city became a magnet for open market and socialized residential
developments. An outcome of this situation was the development of residential estates in areas
that were supposedly for industrial and commercial uses. This is evident in the planned
industrial strip along Aguinaldo Highway and portions of barangay Buhay na Tubig.
Another large tract designated as an industrial zone that never materialized is the southern
portion of the city in barangay Pasong Buaya I. Majority of these lands are currently idle and
vacant, if not, temporarily used for agriculture. However, the bottom portion of the barangay
along Daang Hari Road is becoming a mixed commercial-residential use development. This area
is expected to develop into a growth node that would alter the city’s current zoning allocation.
A designated general commercial zone in the northern portion of Pasong Buaya I and parts of
Anabu I-G also did not also materialize. As of the moment, these lands are idle and vacant, but
the northern tip of the commercial zone is slowly becoming a residential area.
Other notable developments that have slightly deviated from the previous city plan include the
development of small commercial centers in various barangays, and the small industrial
portions within residential zones. Commercial developments are primarily observed along
major roads particularly in parts of Malagasang II, Anabu II, Bucandala, Alapan II, Pag-asa,
Poblacion, Medicion, Buhay na Tubig and Mariano Espeleta. On the other hand, isolated
industrial developments in portions of Alapan II, Alapan I-A and Medicion II.
82
Figure 20. Zoning Map of Imus, 2007-2017
83
2.3.
Land Use Issues and Concerns
Land is a finite resource whose proper use is vital in addressing the different competing
development needs of the city. As such, land needs to be utilized and accounted for projected
population increase and the urban expansion that this will require. Furthermore, possible
impacts of climate change and hazards need to be considered in land use management to
ensure the security and optimization of investments and for envisioned development outcomes
to be economically and ecologically sustainable.
Considering the existing environment, the city government faces different land- and land userelated issues that need to be taken into account in the formulation of a sustainable
comprehensive land use plan. These issues are identified and discussed in the sections below.
2.3.1. Unmanaged urban expansion
As part of the Bacoor-Dasmariñas urban corridor, the development trend in Imus is expected to
be mainly residential in nature since it serves as a catch basin for the population of Metro
Manila. In the previous land use plan, other key land uses were allocated specifically for
industrial and commercial land uses to balance out this trend as well as to provide economic
opportunities and support the development needs of the population.
However, there were gaps in the implementation of the plan as land use development
continued to be predominantly residential. Furthermore, commercial establishments followed a
linear development pattern along major thoroughfares such as the Emilio Aguinaldo Highway
and Daang Hari. Residential areas near industrial estates also came about as some of the
residential estates were allowed in lands allocated for industrial use. This increasing residential
expansion and commercialization can be attributed to several societal concerns such as inmigration and natural growth of population, lack of in-city employment opportunities, traffic
congestion, and pollution issues that the city is experiencing.
Furthermore, commercial and industrial establishments have developed inside large residential
estates due to the increased demand for services, goods, and opportunities that these
establishments provide.
This unmanaged urban expansion puts additional stress on the city government as it will
require more financial and human resources to support the socio-economic, infrastructural,
and environmental development needs of its present and future constituents.
84
2.3.2. Significant presence of unproductive idle and vacant lands
At present, there are large tracts of lands that are vacant or idle. Most of these are agricultural
areas that were reclassified for other land uses were envisioned to contribute to the
development of the city. The unproductiveness of these lands does not only mean missed
opportunities for the development of the city, but it also deprives the city of its agricultural
potential which, if properly harnessed could help ensure food security and self-sufficiency.
Furthermore, idle and vacant lands contribute less to the city’s local revenue generation, which
could provide additional funds for development programs and projects.
These lands should be used and developed within the next few years, or utilized for agricultural
uses so that these could contribute to the city’s economy. These lands could also be used, on
temporary or permanent basis, as recreational, and/or green spaces/parks to address the social
and environmental needs of the city.
2.3.3. Inadequate equitable housing
The current housing in Imus is dominated by residential subdivisions that provide low-rise
single-dwelling units. Most of these developments cater to the housing needs of middle- to
high-income class families who are commonly from Metro Manila. Considering the projected
population increase and the income profile of its constituents, the city needs to provide more
affordable housing units given the limited urban space currently available.
Future residential development should concentrate on maximizing urban space through vertical
expansion by promoting medium-rise residential estates. In addition, the city needs to consider
the presence of informal settlers along major natural waterways and must have a
comprehensive plan in order to reduce the risks and provide decent shelter for these marginal
groups. Infrastructure and other enabling mechanisms such as ordinances must also be in place
to manage, monitor and control people from occupying natural waterway easements.
2.3.4. Susceptibility to climate-related and hydro-meteorological hazards
Flooding is a natural hazard that periodically affects the City of Imus. In 2012, 17,616 families in
33 barangays were affected by floodwater brought by Typhoon Gener (international name
Saola). The following year, 20,320 families in 85 barangays were affected by a flash flood
caused by Typhoon Maring (international name Trami). Low-lying barangays and areas near
rivers and creeks were particularly affected, where floodwater reached as high as six (6) feet.
About 5,000 families were displaced by the flooding that lasted for two (2) days. With the
85
changes in climate that the country is currently experiencing, severe flooding incidents will
become more prevalent and severe in the future.
Furthermore, projected increases in temperature and decreases in rainfall could potentially
lead to droughts that might affect the agricultural productivity and water resources of the city.
Land development and limited green spaces and carbon sinks could also aggravate the
temperature conditions within the City and could lead to an urban island heat effect.
2.3.5. Pressure on the natural environment
Land developments have always applied pressure on the natural environment, especially on
environmentally constrained or ecologically sensitive areas such as prime agricultural lands and
inland waterways. Several past developments in the city have paved the way for the conversion
of prime agricultural lands and contributed to the obstruction/burying of portions of natural
waterways.
As such, the pressure on the natural environment needs to be managed through proper land
use allocation with the appropriation of land resources for development based on site
characteristics such as location, accessibility, topography, and carrying capacity. By these
measures it would mitigate the long-term risks on the environment and ease the strain on the
city’s financial resources.
In addition, unmanaged higher intensities such as medium and heavy industries and increased
density of uses might negatively impact the quality of the environment (i.e., air and water).
These should be properly regulated by installing safeguards such as waste control measures,
integration of urban greening designs and practices, and quality assurance policies.
2.3.6. Non-integration of urban greening designs and practices
Over the past decades, major land developments were experienced by the city during periods
of rapid urbanization. In most cases, these developments have led to environmental pressures.
Vast tracts of prime agricultural lands were converted into residential and commercial estates,
which reduced the amount of pervious areas that absorb rainwater run-off and ease the stress
on the carrying capacity of natural waterways. At the same time, the amount of open spaces
and trees have diminished to give way to land developments. Furthermore, as the city allowed
increased land use densities, it failed to establish and implement safeguards to manage its
location and design. Major manifestations of such unmanaged expansion are non-compact
neighborhoods which compel people to move more and be dependent on automobiles.
86
These scenarios, together with other inter-related factors, contribute to higher carbon
emissions, obstructed air circulation, increased urban heat, increased urban water outfall,
among others, that could potentially affect the ecological integrity and balance of the city, and
exacerbate impacts brought about by climate change and natural hazards.
Though land development is inevitable, its negative implications could be balanced through
proper management of its location and design. The city needs to incorporate urban greening
designs and practices in and future developments by promoting compact neighborhoods where
amenities are conveniently accessible to homes, designing street patterns that are optimal and
walkable, encouraging “green” building, infrastructure and practices, and providing incentives
through policies to support implementation.
2.3.7. Economic activities affecting natural ecosystems
One of the ecosystems constrained by economic activities are the City’s inland waters. Some
land developments either obstructed or buried portions of river channels which affected both
their natural flow, and natural carrying capacity. In addition, as higher densities generate more
water consumption, more urban water outflow is expected. Compounded by unplanned and
inadequate drainage infrastructure and limited supporting flood facilities and management
practices, these conditions have added more stress on the inland water ecosystem that
contributed to the more frequent and severe floods experienced by the city.
Water quality of the inland waters have also deteriorated over the year due to the lack of
monitoring mechanisms to ensure strict compliance of economic establishments to water
quality safeguards (i.e., installation of water treatment facilities, adequate drainage designs and
specifications). As such, the city needs to manage the location and densities of existing and
future development, while devising mechanisms and processes that will encourage, guarantee,
and monitor compliance to requirements set by the city government.
Industrial establishments also face issues regarding air quality and proximity to residential
estates. Though most industrial estates established prior to these residential communities, the
city government needs to establish mechanisms to monitor air quality, ensure compliance to
emission limits, and safeguard communities from potential health risks.
87
2.3.8. Limited economic opportunities that would sustain employment of
locals
Generating employment for the present and future constituents of Imus to sustain its
development is one of the constraints encountered by the local government. A majority of the
residents are immigrants currently employed either in Metro Manila or in nearby areas. This
means that a large percentage of the population conduct their daily activities and spend most
of their income outside of the city. Money from wages and taxes moves away from the city’s
economy, benefitting others instead of the city and its residents.
Existing and future labor force needs to be fully optimized to make Imus economy sustainable.
For this to be realized, the city must generate more economic opportunities by building an
environment that would attract specific investments that complements the city’s comparative
advantage and maximizes its existing potential. Support for micro, small, and medium
enterprises (MSMEs) must also be in place to cultivate an equitable and sustainable local
economy.
2.3.9. Potential threat to food security and self-sufficiency
Over the years, Imus has experienced a decline in the amount of productive agricultural lands
that serve as sources of its food. With limited lands allocated for agriculture, food products and
goods produced within the city continue to decline, and this has affected the food supply and
prices of foodstuffs.
With the projected increase in population in the coming years, the amount of produce from
these agricultural lands might not be sufficient to address the needs of the city, posing a
possible threat to food security while exacerbating the city’s dependence on other local and
international sources. Such conditions affect the income and purchasing capacity of Imus
constituents.
The city government needs to consider this potential threat in the formulation of this plan and
should explore measures to ensure food self-sufficiency such as optimization of productive
agricultural lands, promotion of innovative agricultural methods and practices, and protection
and proper management of prime agricultural lands, among others, in order for its planned
development to be sustainable.
2.3.10.
Inadequate promotion, protection and conservation of heritage
and culture
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Imus has a proud and rich history and culture as exhibited by the different historical landmarks
and markers present across the city. In addition, the city still has old heritage houses belonging
to families considered as the early settlers of Imus. These families may still have with them
artifacts and historical records that could be of great historical significance. Despite the
intensified initiatives of the present local government to reclaim its cultural identity and
promote its heritage, it still needs to formulate a comprehensive plan to sustainably develop
and manage its historical and cultural assets.
Programs such as development and management of historical sites, cultural mapping, an
inventory of heritage houses and important Imusenos, and historical and cultural artifacts must
be considered. Furthermore, supporting enabling mechanisms such as zoning regulations on
heritage houses and historical landmarks, as well as policies geared towards its conservation
must be established and arranged. The city government must also explore the integration of
heritage and culture in the development projects as part of its thrust to reclaim Imus’ cultural
identity and brand.
2.3.11.
Lack of Infrastructure facilities to support development thrusts
and needs
While there are already ongoing and planned infrastructure development, the city needs to
prioritize investments that will not only address its existing and potential needs but also
generate maximum impact in realizing its envisioned development thrust. Currently,
development projects are focused on providing for the social needs of the city. However, there
is still a large gap in infrastructure and facilities that support economic development and
growth, as well as environment protection and management, among others. More investments
must be allocated on transportation, agriculture and tourism infrastructure, and support
facilities to further optimize economic potential, enable a conducive economic environment,
and expand opportunities for a more equitable and sustainable development.
On the other hand, environment protection and management infrastructure such as drainage
and flood control projects, and waste management infrastructure and facilities must also be in
place to preserve the natural environment, decrease vulnerabilities and risks, and secure the
resources and investments of the local government and its constituents.
2.3.12.
Boundary Disputes
Boundary disputes between barangays and with other local government units need to be
resolved immediately to enable the city government to properly and efficiently manage its land
resources. Resolution of boundary disputes at the barangay level can facilitate easier
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administration, management, and better optimization of land, human and financial resources.
On the other hand, resolving disputes with other local government units could add more land
resources. This could, in turn, contribute in providing more revenue and opportunities that the
city needs to realize its development plans and programs.
Not until these boundary disputes are settled, sustainable land development and management
cannot be fully realized. This is due to the possible conflicts on actual and proposed land uses
that may arise concerning these areas. Furthermore, potential development in these lands
could possibly be hindered due to impending legal and administrative considerations that
developers and local governments must first resolve. While addressing these issues is not part
of this plan, zoning administration and management of disputed areas can be resolved by
concerned entities through integrated planning and coordination and the establishment of
mechanisms for co-management arrangements.
2.4. Development Potentials and Opportunities
The city has advantages and opportunities that it can optimize to further develop and counter
problems it is facing. The following are some of the potentials that Imus can maximize:
2.4.1. Gateway to Metro Manila and other major urban centers
The geographic location of Imus serves as a gateway to Metro Manila and other major urban
centers such as the San Pedro-Calamba international center in Laguna. Furthermore, as part of
the envisioned international center in Cavite, it acts as a major passageway to Dasmariñas,
which was identified as the metropolitan center and a major business and educational center in
CALABARZON, and other major urban centers in the Nuevo Cavite growth triangle. As such, the
city could capitalize on the potential economic opportunities that trickle down from the
activities in these urban areas and present itself as an ideal location for investors looking for
sites near these urban centers while offering a better environment that will maximize their
profit margin.
Additionally, the city could also optimize the benefits from existing and proposed development
programs and projects that the national, regional, and provincial governments have planned to
support economic activities in these areas. Since Imus plays a major role in the plans at all
levels, the city could explore partnerships and co-management arrangements with these
different government entities to further expand its institutional, financial and human resource
capacity to implement its development agenda.
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2.4.2. Sustained demand in the international market for industrial and
manufacturing products
The sustained demand in the global market for industrial and manufacturing products,
specifically electronics, semiconductors and other ICT-related products, gives an opportunity
for the industrial, and industrial-related sectors to improve their contribution in the economy
and overall development of the country. CALABARZON has been identified in plans at all levels
as the center of industrial activities in the country and is expected to receive continuous
support from the government.
As part of the industrial hub in the province of Cavite, Imus can capitalize on the different
mechanisms afforded by the government to further improve its industrial development.
However, these developments should take into account the ecological stability and
sustainability of the city.
2.4.3. Demand for equitable housing due to population increase
The current trend of increasing population in the city due to natural growth and in-migration
will increase demand for housing. Imus, as part of the area in Cavite that serve as “bedroom
communities”, will continue to enjoy its reputation as an ideal site and could seize the
opportunity for more residential development. These developments could instantly boost local
revenue generation and generate diverse socio-economic activities, but at the same, would
require different services, infrastructure, and support facilities that the city government needs
to consider. Furthermore, based on the income profile of the population, the city government
should also establish mechanisms that would lead towards housing equity and sustainability.
2.4.4. Labor force surplus
Currently, Imus enjoys a labor force surplus. The city could harness this resource to reap
benefits from this demographic dividend which is the economic growth potential that could
result from a population with an inordinately larger share of productive age population (15 to
64) over dependent age population (14 and younger, and 65 and over).
However, the city must improve its human capital capacity to fully maximize its workforce
potential. This could be attained by forging partnerships with education and knowledge hubs
available within and outside Imus. These include educational centers in Metro Manila and
Dasmariñas, CAVSU-Imus, IVTS, among others. Furthermore, the city could also capitalize on
the on-going educational hub development happening in the Vermosa area to improve its
access to quality and specialized education.
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2.4.5. Increased demand for commercial and ICT services, finance, and
trade activities
With its proximity to the City of Dasmariñas -- the commercial center of CALABARZON and the
province of Cavite, and the increasing trend in population, Imus expects an increased demand
for commercial, retail, finance and trade activities and services. At the same time, there is also
an increased local and international demand for ICT and ICT-related services (i.e. Business
Processing Outsourcing).
The city could tap this potential by putting emphasis on addressing the needs of these sectors
in their commercial development agenda. Furthermore, the city government could concentrate
the location of its commercial development near Dasmariñas to benefit from the
developmental support planned by the provincial, regional, and national government and to
take advantage of economies of scale.
2.4.6. Conducive environment for histo-cultural tourism
The City of Imus has a conducive environment for historical and cultural tourism. Aside from
having the most number of such sites in the Province, Imus serves as home to vast old heritage
houses, and native Imus families and important people which could possess historical
documents, artifacts, and photos that could be of local and/or national significance. It also
helps that Imus is situated near the cities of Kawit and Cavite, the historical hubs of the
province.
There is great potential for tourism in the province as manifested by the continued increase of
same day and overnight tourists and the increasing demand for leisure entertainment areas
and open spaces.
This conducive environment provides a reason for Imus to explore opportunities in historical
and cultural tourism as part of its development agenda. However, despite initiatives through
different festivities and programs, the city needs a comprehensive plan that includes programs
for cultural assets mapping, site development and management, heritage conservation, and
cultural identity branding, and marketing and promotion to fully maximize its potential.
2.4.7. Availability of urban farming techniques and technologies
With the advancement in technology, it has become possible for the agricultural sector to
increase productivity despite limited land. These innovative techniques and technologies are
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best suited for urban areas faced with limited agricultural lands, higher environmental risks,
and food insufficiency. Also, more urban areas are now exploring “urban farming” or growing
specific farm products to be sold to local food establishments. Moreover, there are several
cases wherein local governments have designated ‘agri-tourism sites’ to exhibit best practices
in farming and utilized these as catalysts to boost tourism in their localities.
Imus could look into these urban farming techniques and technologies to explore possible
opportunities that they offer in terms of addressing the city’s issues on ensuring food selfsufficiency, reducing environmental risks, and providing additional drivers for the local
economy.
2.4.8. Availability of lands for future urban development
Imus has significant parcels of idle and vacant lands that can be utilized to accommodate future
needs. These include the development of settlements, industries and commercial
establishments, as well as roads, and other special uses such as materials recovery facilities
(MRFs), retarding basins.
With these lands still not utilized, the city government could manage the development in these
areas by establishing different enabling and control mechanisms geared towards the realization
of its agenda. Also, the city government could ensure that these lands are utilized, either
permanently or temporarily, by exploring mechanisms afforded to them in the Local
Government Code such as idle land tax, special levies, incentives, and co-management
arrangements. These lands could temporarily be used to address the city’s need for urban
farming lots and open parking spaces, among others.
2.4.9. Good fiscal management practices and financial health status
One of the benefits of becoming a city is the increased availability of funds that can be utilized
for development programs and projects. Latest fiscal records show that the Imus LGU’s revenue
is more than 50% higher than the benchmark set by DOF for all 3 rd class component cities. The
city’s good financial health is due to its sound fiscal management practices. As proof, the city
government has been awarded multiple times by DILG with the Seal of Good Local Governance
(SGLG), the latest was received in 2017. Also, the city government of Imus is one of the few
LGUs that are not dependent on its Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) since more than half of its
revenue comes from local sources.
The SGLG award, together with good fiscal management and financial health status, improves
the financial credibility of the local government and its reputation in terms of its capacity to
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pay. These advantages greatly contribute Imus’s potential in accessing additional external
sources of funding from the different government agencies and financial institutions. The city
government could explore these financing opportunities to fund priority programs and projects
that are envisioned to immensely contribute to the development of the city.
2.5. Functional Role of the City
Understanding the functional roles of Imus within Cavite Province and the Southern Tagalog
Region is imperative in deciding the most appropriate strategy in the overall development of
the City. These roles are determined based on the existing Provincial and Regional
Development and Framework Plans, as well as based on the existing situation and trends
occurring around the area.
2.5.1. Role in Cavite Province
The development direction of the Province of Cavite is anchored on its latest plan – the Cavite
Development and Physical Framework Plan 2011-2020. In this plan, Cavite aims to be a “firstand world-class province, renowned for its glorious history, empowered by God-centered and
environment-friendly people, and governed by principled and dynamic leaders.” In order to
achieve its vision, the province outlined development thrusts that will guide all of its plans and
programs. The province of Cavite development thrusts are as follows:



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




Good Governance is Good Politics
Institute a new paradigm in Governance
Undertake ISO Certification
A Livable Community
Housing Program – A Resilient Community
“Go - Bizz” Cavite
Investment, Entrepreneur, Cooperative and Livelihood
Peace and Order
Construction of alternate and arterial routes within the Province
The province intends to take the ‘Urban-Rural Integrated Development’ approach. This
emphasizes strengthening industries such as manufacturing, agriculture and tourism in order to
stimulate establishments of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that will serve as
engines of growth. MSMEs are expected to generate sufficient employment opportunities for
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the influx of migrated labor force and population natural growth, and, in effect, help contribute
in addressing food insufficiency and poverty.
The plan determined the City of Imus to be part of “Cavite Nuevo Growth Triangle”, clustered
with the cities and municipalities of Bacoor, General Trias, Tanza, Carmona, General Mariano
Alvarez, Naic, portion of Silang, Rosario, Kawit, Dasmariñas and Trece Martires. The Cavite
Nuevo Growth Triangle will serve as the business, industrial, educational, and histo-cultural
center of the province. Local governments in this growth center are to promote the
development of the province by providing a conducive environment to support these industries
and by generating more economic opportunities to optimize Cavite’s labor force, especially for
people in nearby rural localities.
Also, this growth triangle also serves as home to the bulk of Cavite’s population, and localities
in this cluster are expected to absorb more migrants through the redevelopment of settlements
(vertical expansion).
2.5.2. Role in Southern Tagalog Region
There are two (2) existing plans that guide the development of the Southern Tagalog Region –
the CALABARZON Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 (RPFP), which prescribes its
spatial development strategies, and the Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 (RDP), which
sets the priority development programs and projects of the region. In its vision, CALABARZON
aspires to be “a region of vibrant economic diversity and vitality with progressive, well-planned
town clusters inhabited by God-loving people enjoying globally competitive, balanced and
resilient ecosystems.” The region aims to achieve its vision by setting the course of regional
development towards the following:




building a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor,
creating the conditions for the growth of enterprises that generate high-quality jobs,
and producing high-quality goods and services at competitive prices;
promoting a long and healthy life through a range of programs starting with quality and
affordable universal health care and social protection;
becoming smarter and more innovative as people need to expand their skill set in order
to adapt to rapidly changing technology and work requirements; and
building a high-trust society with governments that are people-centered, effective, and
accountable.
Under the RDP 2012-2022, the development strategies to be employed will focus on:
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
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empowering the Industry, Services (Tourism) and Agriculture sectors;
adopting technology and innovation;
maximizing demographic dividends;
building resilient and secure communities;
developing human capital; and
developing infrastructure to improve the region’s connectivity, accessibility, mobility,
environmental integrity and sustainability
For the region’s spatial strategy, as indicated in the RPFP 2017-2046, the physical environment
will be characterized by a balanced and strategic development of infrastructure while ensuring
that there is ecological integrity and a clean and healthy environment and building resiliency
against natural and human induced disasters and shocks. In general, the spatial strategy focuses
on concentration, connectivity, and vulnerability reduction.
The RPFP identified Imus as part of the Bacoor-Dasmariñas International Urban Center.
International Urban Centers, as defined in the plan, are areas which have the potential to cater
to and compete with the international market demands. The Bacoor-Dasmariñas International
Urban Center is envisioned to be the center of industries, business, and education in the
western corridor of the region. Its functional role is to serve as the main economic driver of the
region, provide employment and economic opportunities, and support the social needs of the
region’s western cluster. However, localities are prescribed to implement compact
development to counter issues such as urban sprawl, excessive agricultural land conversion,
and proliferation of informal settlements.
Aside from being part of the region’s international urban centers, the plan also identified
development areas such as culture development and heritage conservation, tourism,
environmental vulnerability and risk reduction, and food self-sufficiency as priority areas.
Having vast historical-cultural assets, limitations in agricultural conversion, and challenges in
food self-sufficiency, environmental risks, and employment generation, Imus has the
opportunity to play a major role as a “pioneer” for urban areas in employing best practices and
measures in the aspects of environmental protection, risk and vulnerability reduction,
historical-cultural development, modern and technology-driven agriculture, and inclusive urban
renewal and redevelopment. These could be achieved while performing its responsibilities in
the region in sustaining industrial, commercial and retail services development, providing
equitable housing, and supporting social infrastructural needs such as developing leisure
entertainment areas, and allocating more open spaces.
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Chapter 3. THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
The City of Imus Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) 2018-2027 is a document formulated by
the Local Government Unit of Imus which will guide the spatial and physical development of the
city for the next ten years. The CLUP also serves as a framework of the City’s future
development agenda that is in line with both higher level plans (e.g. Cavite Provincial
Development and Physical Framework Plan, Regional Development Plan, Philippine
Development Plan and National Urban Development and Housing Framework) as well as
international agreements and standards (e.g. Sustainable Development Goals, Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Paris Agreement).
The CLUP is a required document for LGUs under the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160)
that aims for a rationalized and optimized use of their land and natural resources. In addition to
updating the existing plan based on current needs and considerations, the new CLUP takes into
consideration thematic areas and special areas studies, such as the Integrated Ecosystems
Management Framework, Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction, Heritage
Conservation, and Urban Design and Development, for a more comprehensive approach in land
use planning as provided by the new guidelines of the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board.
Through the development and implementation of this CLUP, the City of Imus can address its
current issues and challenges, while capitalizing on its strengths and opportunities to transform
itself into a more livable and productive urban settlement. Furthermore, this City of Imus CLUP
allows for its citizens to genuinely participate in the development of their city through the
formulation of a genuine peoples’ plan of Imus. Through the incorporation of participatory
mechanisms in the planning and plan implementation processes, the people of Imus can
contribute in determining and implementing the actions needed to attain the city’s collective
vision.
3.1. Vision and Mission
The Vision for the City is stated as follows:
“A premier city of the region, pole bearer of a technology-driven economy, home of God-fearing
and empowered citizenry, living in a safe, green, resilient, and sustainable environment,
governed with utmost quality of public service.”
The Vision statement identifies the end state scenario that the city wants to attain and provides
direction for the various actions to be undertaken. This Vision shall be further detailed into
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specific development goals and objectives that shall serve as criteria for evaluating strategies,
approaches and policies that are incorporated in the CLUP, as well as determine standards to
which success can be measured.
In order to attain its Vision, the Local Government of Imus tasks itself with the following mission
statement:
To provide the utmost quality of public service and implement essential laws and ordinances
through cooperation between the citizenry and the government in order to address the needs of
the people.
As stated in the LGU’s Mission, participation and the collective action of the Imuseños are vital
components towards the city’s development. It is therefore necessary to involve the private
sector and the community in the city’s planning and implementation processes. Future
development strategies and agenda will also rely heavily on cooperation and collaboration with
the private sector, especially in implementing various programs and projects. Furthermore,
marginalized and vulnerable sectors shall be integrated as fully participating citizens towards
city and nation building through involvement in community activities and inclusion as members
of the productive labor force.
3.2. Goals and Objectives
Aligned with the Vision, the formulated Goals and Objectives shall serve as the framework of
the city’s land use development and management for the next ten years. This will not only
guide the spatial directions and strategies of the city, but will also be the basis for identifying of
programs and projects that will complement the land use plan. The identified success indicators
shall provide the LGU a means for monitoring and evaluating the progress and outcomes of
their plans.
The identification of specific Goals and Objectives were heavily based on the existing situation
of the city with a special focus on its needs, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and
threats, as well as the city’s role in within its region and even the whole country.
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Table 41. Goals and Objectives of the City Government of Imus
Vision
Elements
and
Descriptors
Goals
Develop the City of
Imus as a model for
Sustainable Urban
Development
Objectives
Success Indicator
Formulate an urban
development program by 2024
which focuses on the urban site
designs and its implementation
Ensure compliance of all urban
and land developments to the
Zoning Ordinances and other
related local codes and
ordinances by 2022
Implemented urban design
programs and projects (e.g. urban
greening, walkability projects,
etc.) by 2024
Establish Imus as a model city for
climate change actions and
disaster risk reduction by 2022
"Premier City
of the Region"
Establish the City as a
showcase of the
Filipino Culture and
Heritage
Become a center for
Economic Dynamism
"Pole bearer
of a
technologydriven
economy"
Improve efficiency of
business transactions
and ease of doing
business in the City
Improve and enhance existing
heritage and cultural resources
by 2024
Improve urban landscapes and
aesthetics to emphasize the
heritage and cultural brand of
the city by 2024
Promote awareness amongst
constituents and the general
populace of the City's heritage
brand thru IECs by 2024
Locate and develop areas for
expansion and development of
industries, commercial
establishments and higher-level
economic services by 2022
Establish strategic promotion
and investment programs by
2022 to encourage locators to
invest in the city
Improve process in application,
permitting and clearance system
of the city by incorporating the
use of applications information
systems by 2022
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Increased compliance percentage
of developments from local
ordinances by 2022
Increased number of activities and
projects related to climate change
adaptation/mitigation and
disaster risk reduction by 2022
Increased visibility of heritage and
cultural resources by 2024
Established and implemented
urban beautification projects
utilizing the heritage brand of the
city by 2024
Increased number of activities and
enterprises related culture and
heritage tourism by 2024
Increase in number of tourists and
revenue generated from tourism
by 2024
Increased allocation of viable and
prime lands for economic
activities and investments by 2022
Increased number of locators by
2022
Shortened length of time in
processing of permits and
clearances (ease of doing
business) by 2022
Increase number of applications
for local permits by 2022
Harness the City's vast
cultural resources for
the development of
culture- and heritagedriven economic
activities
Provide opportunities
for Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Employ the use of ICT
for economic
development
Improve resilience and
capacities of local
industries and
establishments in
acting against climate
change and hazards
Develop economic enterprises
that will support heritage and
cultural tourism through
provision of livelihood trainings,
financial support and other
assistance schemes by 2024
Establish support mechanisms
such as trainings and financial
support for MSMEs by 2020
Provide fast, reliable and
accessible wireless internet to its
constituents by 2020
Computerize government
processes by 2023
Capacitate business owners on
local disaster preparedness and
prevention by 2020
Install hazard mitigation and
climate adaptation measures for
hazard prone areas by 2024
Improve access to basic social
services (e.g. health, education,
social welfare, protection,
recreation) by 2022
Improve the general
well-being of Imuseños
by fostering physical,
mental and emotional
development
"Home of Godfearing and
empowered
citizenry"
Empower and
capacitate
communities to
contribute to the City's
development
Provide quality social services
based on the needs of the
people by 2022
Increased economic activities
related to heritage and cultural
tourism by 2024
Increased number of
establishments by 2020
Increased coverage of wireless
internet access by 2020
Installed a comprehensive IT
system to handle LGU processes
by 2023
Conducted DRRM IEC to business
by 2020
Provided IEC materials on local
disasters and climate change by
2020
Established mitigation and
adaptation infrastructures by
2024
Constructed evacuation facilities
in hazard areas by 2024
Increased number of people
provided with social services by
2020
Constructed additional social
infrastructure in easily accessible
areas by 2022
Met national standards in access
quality in the different social
services by 2022
Increased number of programs
and projects in social welfare
development by 2020
Improve capacities of local
communities in climate change
adaptation and disaster risk
reduction by 2022
Conducted community-based
CCA-DRR trainings and plan
formulation by 2022
Establish civic centers to
promote people interaction and
participation in local decisionmaking and community building
by 2022
Increased number of civic centers
(e.g. multipurpose halls,
recreation centers, etc.)
constructed by 2022
Increased number of participants
in community consultations and
meetings by 2020
Encourage participation of NGOs
and private sector in
development projects through
Conducted development projects
together with NGOs and the
private sector by 2022
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partnerships by 2022
Establish skills and
capacity enhancement
programs based on
existing job and labor
demand of the
Province
Promote child-, elder-,
gender- and PWDfriendly development
Protection of vital
natural resources (e.g.
rivers, creeks and
greenbelts)
"Living in a
safe, green,
resilient and
sustainable
environment"
Improve and manage
environmental quality
Incorporate green
urbanism in urban
development
Erect state universities, colleges,
and technical vocational schools
that provides subjects and
courses based on job and labor
demands by 2024
Provide skills and capacity
enhancement programs,
trainings and short courses to
the communities by 2021
Encourage participation of youth,
senior citizens, women and PWD
in the city's development
programs and projects by 2020
Incorporate inclusivity in urban
development and designs (e.g.
walkability, pedestrian friendly,
etc.) by 2024
Establish protection zones and
buffer zones (e.g. water
easements, river protection, etc.)
from vital natural resources by
2022
Improve and enhance solid and
liquid waste management
programs by 2022
Construct additional waste
management facilities by 2024
Require septage treatment
facilities for high intensity
developments by 2024
Install air and water monitoring
systems near high intensity
growth areas by 2022
Incentivize utilization of green
technology and strategies in
building constructions and land
developments by 2022
Provide adequate and connected
green open spaces and corridors
by 2024
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Presence of institutions providing
subjects and courses based on job
and labor demands by 2024
Established training programs and
centers for skills and capacity
enhancement by 2021
Increased participation of youth,
senior citizens, women and PWD
in community consultation and
meetings by 2020
Institutionalized the participation
of vulnerable sectors in planning
and development process of the
LGU by 2020
Incorporated inclusivity in all
urban development and designs
project by 2024
Absence of illegal developments
and structures in protection and
buffer zones by 2022
Presence of additional solid and
liquid waste programs and
projects by 2022
Increased number of waste
management facilities such as
MRFs, septage treatment facilities
by 2024
Presence of treatment facilities in
highly pollutive structures and
developments by 2024
Produced information on air and
water quality by 2022
Increased number of buildings and
land development incorporating
green strategies by 2022
Increased land area for green
open spaces by 2024
Presence of linear parks and green
walkways by 2024
Conduct urban greening and
landscaping of governmentowned structures and lands
including sidewalks, center
islands and public open spaces
by 2024
Install new public transport
systems for movement within
the city by 2022
Improve bikability and
walkability of city streets through
pedestrianization, bicycle lane
development and sidewalk
improvements by 2023
Establish a sustainable
urban transport system
Construct multi-modal transport
terminals in key city centers by
2024
Improve existing road networks
through construction of
connecting roads and declogging of obstructions by 2022
Harness excess
wastewater and
rainwater as additional
sources water for
public use
Install air and water monitoring
systems, and water harvesting
technologies near and within
high intensity growth areas by
2022
Improve access of local
neighborhoods to basic needs,
services, and markets within
walking distance by 2020
Promote compact and
walkable development
Establish a
comprehensive
drainage network for
flood mitigation and
rainwater harvesting
Promote transit-oriented
development by making city
centers and growth nodes
accessible through multi-modal
transport systems by 2025
Formulate and develop a
comprehensive drainage
network by 2024
Require new high intensity and
density developments to install
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Increased presence of urban trees
and plants by 2024
Formulated and implemented
local public transport route plans
by 2022
Increased number of people using
walking, bicycles and other nonmotorized transport by 2023
Installed bicycle lanes by 2022
Constructed multi-modal
terminals by 2024
Increased number of people using
public transport by 2024
Increased number of rationalized
routes, and transport organization
using the terminals by 2024
Constructed additional major
arterial roads by 2022
Established friendship routes for
internal road networks by 2022
Installed parking areas and
structures for road de-clogging by
2022
Produced information on air and
water quality by 2022
Decreased average daily water
consumption by 2022
Presence of social and commercial
establishments near local
neighborhoods and communities
by 2020
Increased number of people using
public transport and nonmotorized transport by 2025
Presence of connected transport
system in city centers and growth
nodes by 2024
Constructed and improved
existing drainages by 2024
Presence of catch basins by 2024
rainwater catchment in their
developments by 2024
Implement pervious area
requirements and storm water
utility user fees for all
developments by 2024
Promote and advocate rainwater
harvesting to households and
business establishments through
incentives by 2022
Improve coverage of protective
services by 2020
Ensure safety and
security of constituents
Increase local
awareness and public
information related to
government programs
and projects
"Governed
with utmost
quality of
public service"
Inform, capacitate and educate
residents on local disaster
evacuation procedures by 2020
Maximize use of institutional
structures for information
dissemination in the barangay by
2020
Enhance land use plan
implementation and
management schemes
Enhance capacity and capability
for implementing the CLUP and
Zoning Ordinance by 2022
Establish vertical and
horizontal linkages
between different
agencies and
institutions to ensure
environmental
protection and
management
Collaborate with other agencies,
across vertical and horizontal
governance levels, in locally
implemented programs and
projects related to
environmental protection and
management (e.g. watershed
protection) by 2022
Retrofit and mitigate existing
government structures from
natural hazards and effects of
climate change by 2024
Locate new structures away from
hazard susceptible areas by 2024
Ensure safety of
government structures
and assets from effects
of hazards and climate
change
3.3. General Development Strategies
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Increase in percentage of pervious
areas in the built-up environment
by 2024
Presence of rainwater harvesting
systems in households and
establishments by 2022
Increase in number of
establishments that availed for
incentives by 2022
Increased presence of personnel
and outposts by 2020
Formulated barangay and schoollevel contingency plans by 2020
Reproduced and disseminated
information materials by 2020
Increased visibility of promotion
and information materials by 2020
Increased number of employees
trained on Zoning Administration
and Enforcement by 2020
Installed GIS or other similar
systems used for land use plan
implementation, and zoning
administration and management
by 2022
Increased number of programs
and projects involving other
agencies by 2022
Establishment of inter-agency
governance models that handle
various trans boundary issues and
concerns such as watershed
management by 2022
All government structures are safe
from possible hazards by 2024
The General Development Thrusts and Strategies (GDTS) are based on the goals and objectives
identified to attain the Vision of the city, with special consideration to its implication to the
spatial strategies and direction of its development. The GDTS shall define more descriptive
approaches and strategies that will be implemented to achieve and ensure that the general
welfare of the Imuseños is attained. Furthermore, these thrusts rationalize the various actions
needed in attaining the goals and objectives of the city that were determined through a series
of consultations with the local leaders, various sectoral representatives, community
representatives and the private sector.
3.3.1. Revitalization of Imuseños culture and heritage
The City of Imus has always played a significant role in the country’s independence. Dubbed as
the “Flag Capital of the Philippines”, the city is home to a wide variety of historical and cultural
resources. These include tangible assets such as the largest Philippine Flag and the heritage
structures of its Poblacion district, as well as intangible ones such as the Wagayway Festival.
The future development agenda of the city shall focus both on rediscovering and revitalizing its
culture and heritage while establishing these as focal components of the city’s image and
brand. It is therefore the strategy of the city to enhance its cultural resources, to reinvigorate
the Imuseños’s sense of identity and pride of place, and develop these as drivers of economic
development. These shall be attained through the establishment of heritage zones, the
redevelopment and enhancement of histo-cultural sites, intensive research on the city’s
important individuals and history, intensive marketing and branding campaigns, promotion of
active participation of local communities, and creation of cultural tourism-related enterprises
and products.
3.3.2. Expansion and generation of a wide range of economic activities and
livelihood opportunities
Even though the city has experienced rapid urban transformation during the past two decades
with the development of its industrial estates, agribusiness farms and residential subdivisions,
economic opportunities for local employment continues to be limited. This can be observed
from the large portion of the population working in Metro Manila and the nearby areas,
including the unproductiveness and lack of utilization of certain lands allocated for industrial
and commercial purposes. In reality, the city mainly serves as a dormitory town that houses a
portion of the working population of the CALABARZON and Metro Manila regions.
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For the next ten years, the city aims to become one of the major economic centers of the
region. This is to be attained through the intensification of its promotions and business support
systems which shall encourage investors to locate their businesses and industries in the city.
The city aims to provide a more business-friendly and attractive environment through the
utilization of ICT systems for efficient processing of business permits, the development of
skilled workers based on labor demand, and the provision of adequate infrastructures to
support businesses within the city. Furthermore, the LGU shall support the establishment of
locally developed micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to further generate income
within the city. Majority of these MSMEs shall be geared towards the creation of a cultural
tourism industry which includes food establishments, souvenir shops and tourism-related
services.
Through the land use plan, the city shall also identify lands and maximize the utilization of these
for economic purposes. Commercial and industrial zones shall be located in strategic areas
where growth can be stimulated. Agriculture, which is vital for the city’s food security shall be
located in prime agricultural lands and equipped with modern technologies and facilities for
better production and yield. The idle lands tax shall be strictly enforced to ensure that lands are
productive. To avoid idle land penalties, landowners can have their properties used for
temporary income generating activities such as urban gardens and temporary parking
structures.
3.3.3. Establishment of the city as magnet for tourists and city-goers
Being a gateway and a major corridor into Metro Manila, Imus has frequently been bypassed by
people seeking work, recreation and entertainment. For example, the city has been bypassed
by tourists for other nearby destinations such as Tagaytay.
One of the thrusts that shall be incorporated in the current land use plan is to capture these
potential markets through the development of Imus as a stopover and end-destination for
tourists and city-goers. This thrust shall be implemented through the establishment of the
cultural and heritage tourism sector of the city, and will be supported by the development of a
vibrant commercial center that could provide a wide range of high-level goods and services.
Among these are recreational activities which shall be a vital component of the city’s tourism
industry with the Vermosa Sport Hub as the main attractor for such activities that would be
complemented by the development of a network of linear parks and green open spaces across
the city.
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The planned organic and urban agricultural farms are also projected to attract tourists by
showcasing world-class sustainable farming techniques. In addition, “farm/garden-to-table”
food strips will be established to promote local Imus cuisines and advocate urban farming by
using only organic products coming from the city’s farms.
The establishment of these sectors shall be facilitated through the provision of adequate
support infrastructures, establishment of research and innovation programs, enhancement of
the urban environment, and intensive promotion of the planned services.
3.3.4. Make the Imuseños people the foundation of economic development
in the province
One of the potential strengths of Imus is the presence of a large labor force that can be further
enhanced through the implementation of human capital-focused programs and projects in the
areas of education, health and safety. Human capital development can be complemented by
the advancement of educational establishments within the city which is in line with the city’s
goal to have a skilled citizenry and become Cavite’s center of education along the province’s
western corridor. In addition, the LGU can establish specialized training centers that offer
vocational and other skills training courses that would suit the labor demands of the region.
Health and safety of the citizens, on the other hand, shall be attained through the equitable
distribution of the LGU’s resources and facilities in a manner that would make these accessible
to all members of the population.
In addition to strategies for human capital development, the city shall promote an atmosphere
of citizen involvement through the utilization of participatory techniques in development
planning processes and public-private partnerships for project implementation. Furthermore,
neighborhoods shall be provided with civic centers and activity spaces, such as multi-purpose
halls, open spaces, and community gardens that can stimulate social interaction and strengthen
relationships among individuals.
3.3.5. Development of livelier and healthier communities
People in livelier and healthier communities have better access to both ample spaces and basic
services. In Imus, such a condition is possible by ensuring adequate green and open spaces for
recreation and social interaction in existing neighborhoods and new subdivision developments.
Such settlements should also have zones for commercial establishments that could provide the
bare necessities of its households and families. The LGU shall also allot adequate support
infrastructures, including sufficient road networks and drainage systems, to improve
accessibility and safety within these settlements. Furthermore, residents of neighborhoods
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shall be protected from negative externalities that they may experience as a by-product of
economic development such as emissions and noise coming from industrial developments.
Such protection would require the formulation and strict enforcement of reasonable
environmental regulations and standards.
3.3.6. Incorporation of green strategies in urban development
Green urbanism benefits both man and his environment. By applying the principles of this
strategy, places, communities and lifestyles become more sustainable. In addition, the
application of green urbanism concepts aid in climate change adaptation through the increase
of carbon sinks and adaptation practices such as reducing and monitoring carbon emissions,
increasing the absorption capacity of the soil from effects of rainfall increase, and providing
shade from temperature changes.
Basically, green urbanism focuses on the establishment and protection of vital green open
spaces and natural water drainages in urban areas. Natural topography and landscapes are to
be considered to limit the effects of development on nature. Fully covering the ground with
concrete should be avoided and every development should retain portions of unpaved surface.
Existing urban areas that adhere to the green urbanism concept should have a network of open
spaces, corridors and sidewalks that have a significant number of well-maintained trees, reeds,
and other plants. These green spaces serve as the lungs of cities and as a means to filter the air.
In addition, green urbanism entails the incorporation of trees, plants, and vines on roofs
gardens, and walls in the construction of structures in a built-up area.
Such strategies can be implemented using tools and mechanisms including incentives for
private land developments as well as projects such as tree planting and green urban street
designs.
3.3.7. Improvement and provision of vital infrastructures
The attainment of the city’s vision requires the government to provide adequate support
infrastructures and private sector support. As observed from the surveys and analysis of the
existing situation, Imus lacks the necessary infrastructures for it to become a premiere city in
the country and which are vital in creating an environment conducive for various socioeconomic activities and in sustaining quality of life. In addition to basic social infrastructures
and utilities, the city should provide its constituents with a more efficient transport system,
comprehensive drainage networks and reliable ICT systems.
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Transportation is one of the least developed sectors of the city. Currently, existing transport
systems are heavily reliant on the major arterials roads, and there is also an observed
inadequacy of internal roads connecting the various communities within Imus. It is therefore
one of the strategies of the city to develop a web of connected street networks to improve
pedestrian and vehicular mobility. Furthermore, the city shall adhere to the concepts of
walkable, “bikable” and compact development in order to lessen the need for motorized travel.
The design of these street networks shall also anticipate the effects of Cavite-Laguna
Expressway (CALAx) that will transect the city.
Major growth centers shall also promote transit-oriented development and multi-modal
transport to provide commuters and trip makers a wide variety of transport choices. These
growth centers shall be further connected with the communities through new public transport
routes and systems that employ cleaner and modernized technology.
The city’s drainage network shall be upgraded within the next ten years to enable Imus to be
safer and more resilient to flood events which are expected to become more frequent and
severe due to climate change. Retainment basins shall be constructed to collect and store
excess rainwater and to possibly use these for domestic and agricultural purposes.
Lastly, modern information and communication technology (ICT) systems and infrastructure
shall drive Imus’ pursuit for a smarter and technology-oriented city. The use of ICT would
provide a better environment for businesses, such as BPOs, and help the LGU better manage its
processes. Through ICT, the LGU can provide its constituents with better services such as
security surveillance, early warning systems and traffic management systems.
3.3.8. Establishment of institutional and civic centers
To further strengthen its presence the LGU shall relocate its government center in the
Bucandala and Malagasang area. A new city hall will be built to exemplify both the resurgence
of Imus and its development towards becoming a “Premiere City”. On the other hand, the old
city hall will be reestablished as a focal point of the city’s heritage and culture.
Aside from department offices, the Emergency Operations Center, Modern Agriculture
Research and Technology support facilities, and an impounding area are planned to be
established in this government district. Schools in the City will be enhanced by incorporating
green designs and technologies through the “Green Schools” program.
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In addition, the LGU shall enhance and retrofit its government structures to make it more
aesthetically pleasing and resilient to extreme events. Furthermore, a satellite government
center shall also be set up in the Pasong Buaya area within the planned commercial district to
serve as a site for the city’s convention center and other government offices.
3.3.9. Climate change and disaster resiliency
In compliance to RA 9729 (Climate Change Act) and RA 10121 (National Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Act), the city shall mainstream climate change actions and disaster risk
reduction and management in its CLUP and Zoning Ordinance. The planning process shall
employ the climate and disaster lens in determining the best options for the use of land in the
city. The Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment served to assess current risks and vulnerabilities,
to determine the interventions to be utilized, as well as identify the most suitable areas for
urban development. The land use plan shall be envisioned as a guide for future CCA-DRR
directions and strategies wherein development and specific sectoral plans will be culled out.
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3.4. Planning Concepts and Spatial Strategies
The integration and incorporation of the general development thrusts and strategies in the
CLUP and Zoning Ordinance shall be accomplished through the formulation of spatial strategies
and the structure plan. The identified spatial directions shall draw inspiration from various
planning concepts and principles used by a number of successful cities around the world. The
implementation of these strategies shall help Imus develop into a model for urban
development and a “Premiere City”.
The following are the major spatial strategies and planning concepts that the LGU will utilize in
determining the structure plan and appropriate allocation of lands within its jurisdiction:
3.4.1.
Multi-nodal Development
A multi-nodal development encourages the creation of multiple new urban growth areas or
nodes that will support the existing urban core. For Imus, its multi-nodal development would be
characterized by the creation of various land development clusters with its own set of
specialized activities and support facilities. This type of approach ensures that uses with similar
characteristics are clustered together to lessen the possible effects of conflicting uses and
improve complementation between similarly related uses. These nodes shall be linked by major
thoroughfares and circulation networks. The nodes that shall be proposed for the city’s
development include the government center, industrial cluster, cultural and heritage tourism
center, agri-tourism and research centers, and commercial center.
3.4.2.
Urban Corridors
An urban corridor is defined as a linear “ribbon” system of urban form whose main feature is
the linking of various cities through transportation and economic corridors or axes, often
running between major cities. These corridors encourage business activities, change the nature
and function of individual towns and cities, and promote regional economic growth. The City of
Imus is transected near its center by E. Aguinaldo Highway -- an example of an urban corridor.
This highway cuts across various towns and along its axis are several industrial and commercial
establishments that induce economic growth in the area. Imus will continue to nurture this area
as a center of the city’s urban development.
In addition to be a growth pole, urban corridors can help provide the city its image and brand.
The section of the city that is transected by the corridors provides a glimpse of what the city has
and could offer to motorists and commuters passing through the axis. Therefore, one of the
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strategies is to further develop this corridor through urban street designs and transport system
improvements, which includes the establishment of defined bus and public transport stops and
traffic alleviation via the creation of parallel bypass roads. Through these strategies, the city can
become the Premiere City that it aims to be.
3.4.3. Compact, green, and walkable town concept
One of the spatial strategies to integrate green urbanism in the land use plan is the utilization
of the compact, green and walkable town’s strategy. This will be a guiding concept in the
creation of the various nodes and major growth areas which will incorporate multi-nodal and
transit-oriented development principles. Under this strategy, towns are made compact through
the integration of a high-density mixed-use development and a spatial structuring of the area
where various establishments have minimal distance from each other. Combining this type of
development with urban greening and connected pathways shall make the area more
conducive for walking.
Walkable towns are settlements that are more connected, cohesive, dense and vibrant (vertical
development, mixed uses), while having adequate space for walking and cycling and a mobility
system that prioritizes public transport. In order to attain a walkable town, factors influencing
walkability should be considered and improved. These include the presence or absence of
quality footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian pathways, traffic and road conditions, land use
patterns, building accessibility, public transportation access, safety, vegetation, and structure
facades and designs, among others. This shall both be considered for planning for the design of
the urban areas and incorporated in the land use plan of the city.
3.4.4. Complete neighborhoods concept
In a complete neighborhood, one has safe and convenient access to the goods and services
needed in daily life. This includes housing, grocery stores and other commercial services, public
schools, public open spaces and recreational facilities. An important element of this concept is
that the built environment should be walkable or “bikeable” in human scale and should meet
the needs of people of all ages and abilities.
This strategy shall be employed to ensure that all the neighborhoods and communities can
access basic goods and services within walking distance. In the Philippines, the preferred
walking distance is between 250 to 400 meters. It is therefore suggested that minor nodes that
could provide basic commercial and social needs be designated and allocated in the proximity
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of communities under the land use plan. This approach will be complemented by the walkable
town’s concept.
3.4.5. Rectilinear development
A rectilinear grid pattern is proposed as the main street or network pattern for urban
development in growth nodes. This grid pattern will be parallel to major thoroughfares. This
type of structure and form are usually found in small developing cities rather than larger ones.
This grid pattern represents the classic grid street pattern used in many street systems. This
pattern is the preferred form in flat lands and in the absence of natural topographic features
affecting the form. Under this concept, a street system is employed wherein road hierarchy
shall be present to ensure that certain roads will have priority in the movement, most especially
the major roads.
For Imus, this type of urban form emanates from its major thoroughfare which is the E.
Aguinaldo Highway. From the main highway, new arterial roads that are parallel to it will be
established, either through road construction and improvement or establishment of friendship
routes. In addition to roads, pathways and bike lanes will also be developed along major rivers
that are also parallel to the highway. These parallel transport routes will then also be connected
by arterials roads that are perpendicular to the Aguinaldo Highway. The construction of these
intersecting roads will then lead to a rectilinear or grid pattern of road network for the city.
3.4.6. Integrated multi-modal transport system and transit-oriented
development
To ensure connectivity and linkage between the different proposed nodes, an integrated multimodal transport system is proposed. This strategy entails the identification of key locations for
multi-modal transport terminals that shall provide for different modes transport between
major centers in the city. This system aims to lessen the need for having private transport
vehicles that may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, as well as increase congestion in
urban centers. In Imus, various transport modes such as buses, jeepneys, tricycles and nonmotorized travel will greatly be considered in the establishment of this system.
This multi-modal system shall go hand in hand with the concept on transit-oriented
development (TOD). TOD is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of
residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport terminals, or
in this case, multi-modal terminals. This aims to increase public transport ridership by reducing
the use of private cars and by promoting sustainable urban growth. Typically, TOD includes a
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major transit stop or terminal surrounded by high-density mixed-use area and are designed to
be walkable than other built-up areas through the reduction of land area dedicated to
automobiles. In applying this strategy in Imus, multi-modal transport terminals shall be made
an integral part of the major growth nodes of the city. These terminals shall be made accessible
to various modes of transport, with special focus on non-motorized travel. Similar to walkable
town’s concept, these terminals shall be made accessible through the provision of integrated
path walks by all the establishments within 400 m. radius of the terminal.
3.4.7.
Industrial ecology
An ecologically balanced environment can be achieved through incorporation of various
sustainability approaches in land use planning. One such approach to sustainability is the
Industrial Ecology approach. Industrial Ecology refers to the study of industrial systems with the
goal of finding ways to lessen environmental impacts which is usually applied through the
imitation of natural systems by the man-made ones. The strategy shall be implemented in Imus
through the development of synergies, in both spatial and business processes, between
industries, commercial establishments and other economic enterprises.
Example of its application in Imus is the development of an industrial park and commercial
center seeking enhanced environmental and economic performance through collaboration in
managing environmental and resource issues, including energy efficiency, water efficiency,
close materials loop and waste management. This can be made possible through provision of
ample spaces and zones for industries and commercial establishments to agglomerate and
work together.
3.5. Land Suitability Analysis
Land use suitability and sieve analysis were conducted to determine the proposed structure
plan of the city. These analyses assessed the current capability of the land resources to allow
various types of land uses, particularly urban-related uses. For Imus, the analyses focused on
identifying specific areas that have potential for both development and redevelopment.
Suitable locations for urban development were assessed primarily based on the availability of
land resources and the absence of built-up structures – conditions that could allow potential
development in these areas. Additional parameters using various thematic information were
also incorporated in the analysis to determine the best and optimal uses for these available
lands. Parameters used in the analysis include coverage to existing land protection laws (i.e.
protected agricultural lands, water easements, etc.), natural environment conditions, hazard
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susceptibility, proximity to identified regional and provincial centers, and access to
complementary infrastructure and support facilities. These parameters were utilized not only to
identify the optimal and best uses based on the existing environment but also to ensure that
potential development is permissible by law, and risks for investments are significantly reduced.
In addition to identifying the suitable locations of urban development, this analysis could also
help determine possible linkages and arrangements between the existing and proposed land
uses.
Figure 22 presents the results of the sieve mapping activity conducted for the city. As shown in
the map, Imus still has a large land resources that can be allocated for urban development.
Majority of these are located in the southern half of the city. Land use developments are to be
directed in these areas to lessen the chances and impacts of future disasters and impending
threats of climate change.
Potential areas for redevelopment are another major aspect that the suitability analysis
investigated. Since the existing built environment of Imus are already developed, the analysis
aimed to identify developed areas that have the potential to elevate the socio-economic
conditions of the city while addressing existing issues and concerns. One of the major
considerations in this analysis is the presence and proximity of natural and/or man-made
resources near and within these built environments. In Imus, major resources were identified to
have these potential namely agricultural goods and products, local cuisine, and histo-cultural
assets.
Aside from these conditions, the type of redevelopment will be determined based on other
parameters such as ease of harnessing these resources to stimulate growth, proximity to
complementary regional and provincial centers, and access to infrastructure and support
facilities, among others.
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Figure 21. Land Suitability Map – Potential Development Areas
115
Figure 22. Potential Development Areas Map
116
Figure 23. Land Suitability Map – Potential Redevelopment Areas
117
As shown in Figure 24, the analysis results show that Imus has major histo-cultural assets
located at the north and northwestern portion of the city that can be optimized to drive
tourism and other related socio-economic activities. Also, agricultural assets are concentrated
on the western part while small parcels of idle lands that still have the potential for urban
farming are available on the northwest. Future development in these identified areas shall be
geared towards preserving these resources, maximizing its potential to generate growth, and
establishing a conducive environment for growth to thrive.
In addition to the sieve mapping assessment, results of the Climate and Disaster Risk
Assessment, particularly the risk maps and the priority decision areas, were used to determine
the possible spatial directions and locations of development which are safe from hazards.
Furthermore, this information could also provide possible areas where risk reduction and
mitigation measures can be located to lessen the risks that the city may experience during
disasters.
Based on the CDRA results, portions of Imus, especially its northern portion, is at high risk to
the impacts of flooding. Red-colored areas on the risk maps are priority sites for risk reduction
measures, such as drainage improvement, structure retrofitting and risk insurances, whose
installation could ensure the viable utilization of these areas. As such, these places are the least
prioritized for densification and land use intensification. Luckily, the city does not have high risk
areas for landslides.
For identified growth nodes that are susceptible to particular hazards, measures such as hazard
overlay zoning are to be implemented. These overlay zones will provide additional regulations
and requirements, such as resilient building designs, before any uses identified in the base
zoning map could be allowed.
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Figure 24. Potential Redevelopment Areas Map
119
3.6. Structure Plan
The development thrusts, spatial strategies and spatial limitations were the main determinants
of the proposed Structure Plan of the city. The Structure Plan Map shows the general location
and direction of land developments, as well as the positions of key production, protection,
settlement and infrastructure areas. Circulation networks are also presented to highlight the
link and connections of the various development areas. This conceptual plan will become the
main basis for the Proposed Land Use Plan after the land use boundaries and land use demands
are defined and determined, respectively.
Key features of the Imus Structure Plan include the development of different land use growth
nodes where certain land uses will be directed. In addition, locations of facilities, utilities, and
the proposed connecting routes are also identified in the concept diagram. The areas
surrounding these nodes and structures are predominantly residential land uses.
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Figure 25. Structure Plan Map, City Government of Imus
121
3.6.1. Districts (Growth Nodes)
The Districts identified in the city’s proposed land use plan are the growth nodes where the
development of specific land uses and activities will occur. These were determined based on
the needs and aspirations of the city, as well as the results of the land suitability analysis which
considered its spatial limitations and land supply as parameters. The location of these nodes
would also allow for the least amount of impact on both the environment and between the
nodes themselves as well as the best synergy among related nodes and land uses. These areas
are to be connected to each other via proposed circulation networks.
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Figure 26. District Structure Plan Map
123
3.6.1.1.
Special Development District (Vermosa District)
Figure 27. Satellite Image of the Special Development District Site – Vermosa
Source: Google Earth
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Figure 28. Proposed Special Development District Land Use Map
The Vermosa District is a private-led planned unit development (PUD) that is envisioned to be a
major magnet for settlers, employment, commercial establishments, educational institutions,
and recreational activities for the whole region. This master-planned development, which will
occupy vast lands in the southeastern portion of Imus, will accommodate a mix of residential,
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institutional, recreational and commercial uses. The Vermosa PUD is envisioned to have a
bustling commercial housing, malls and large supermarkets, hotels, resorts, as well as offices
and BPOs. In addition, the district will be providing for the education needs of Cavitenos
through the private and exclusive schools and colleges (i.e. De Lasalle Santiago Zobel Vermosa
Campus) that it will host.
Figure 29. Vermosa Planned Commercial District
Source: Vermosa, retrieved from https://vermosa.ph
Figure 30. De Lasalle Santiago Zobel - Vermosa Campus
Source: Vermosa, retrieved from https://vermosa.ph
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Vermosa District is also projected to be one of the country’s premier health and recreational
hubs through its Vermosa Sports and Lifestyle Complex. The sports hub is planned to provide
access to world-class facilities such as the Triclub and Aquatic Center, an oval track and field,
bike trails, sports science laboratory, motocross and ATV tracks, wall climbing facilities, an
archery range, and fitness and sport shops. Once in operation, Vermosa is foreseen to promote
social interactions between families and/or communities through its network of green open
spaces where outdoor activities and events could be done.
Figure 31. Vermosa Sports and Lifestyle Complex
Source: Vermosa, retrieved from https://vermosa.ph
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This PUD shall have its own facilities, utilities, management, and operations, but with guidance
from the LGU. Since this development is private led, the LGU shall focus on establishing
synergies between Vermosa and the rest of Imus. These includes linkages in terms of
transportation and flow of goods and people going in and out of the district. Furthermore,
Vermosa would have to comply with the strategies and thrusts of the LGU towards multimodal, walkable and transit-oriented development, as well as the incorporation of green
growth and urbanism, and histo-cultural urban designs in land development.
Aside from the PUD, a commercial area is also allocated west of the Vermosa to complement
and accommodate the projected economic growth and activities that will trickle down from the
latter. Moreover, support infrastructure and facilities are to be established to ensure that
development in this district can be sustained.
3.6.1.2.
Culture and Heritage Districts
One of the main development thrusts of the city is to revitalize its heritage and cultural identity
and utilize these as a platform to drive its tourism sector. The cultural and heritage districts are
envisioned to complement the Vermosa District by fully optimizing the potential influx of
tourists attracted by the said PUD.
The Poblacion and Alapan areas will be designated as culture and heritage districts that best
exemplify the identity and image of Imuseños, as well as to serve as a major attractor of
tourists and economic activities. These areas shall prioritize heritage conservation and promote
urban designs that complement with its existing cultural assets.
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Figure 32. Satellite Image of the Poblacion Culture and Heritage District Site
Figure 33. Satellite Image of the Alapan Culture and Heritage District Site
129
Figure 34. Proposed Poblacion Culture and Heritage Land Use Map
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Figure 35. Proposed Alapan Culture and Heritage Land Use Map
The main cultural district for Imus will be located in the Poblacion area where various heritage
structures are present. These include the Imus Cathedral, the current City Hall, and the Gen.
Licerio Topacio Park. This district is envisioned to be walkable and pedestrian-friendly wherein
motorized vehicles could only have limited access. Since the City Hall will be transferred to a
new location, the site of the old government center will be redeveloped into a cultural center
which showcases cultural artifacts and where the role of Imus in the Philippine history can be
relived. The surrounding areas of the main heritage structures are targeted to be redesigned to
complement the cultural image of the city. This includes the redesigning of roads and sidewalks,
the improvement of houses and building façade, and the introduction of design elements which
can further enhance the area including trees, green walls, benches and lamp posts. A network
of walkways and bike lanes will also be identified to establish seamless linkages between
tourism sites and to serve as routes for walking and/or cycling tours. Furthermore, to stimulate
the activities and interactions within the area, cultural tourism enterprises, such as food
establishments and souvenir shops, are encouraged to be established in the district. These
establishments can be integrated within the heritage design of the area. Support mechanisms,
such as financing schemes, incentives and risk reduction measures, shall be provided by the
LGU to ensure that these plans will be implemented.
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Figure 36. Poblacion Culture and Heritage District Concept
The other planned heritage district is in Alapan where one of the tallest Philippine flag poles is
being erected. The said site is where the Battle of Alapan, the first of many encounters between
the Katipuneros and Spanish that eventually culminated to the country’s independence.
Currently, this historic site is a venue for festivals and events, such as the annual National Flags
Day. This district will be further developed and enhanced through parks and plaza development
with the intent of turning the area in the mold of Luneta Park.
Other than the heritage districts, there are also other historical markers and tourist sites that
are scattered around the city. These landmarks are to be protected and preserved while the
development of its surrounding areas should not diminish the significance and value of the said
landmarks. This can be implemented through the establishment of heritage buffers around
these areas.
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Figure 37. Urban Heritage Strip Design Concept
133
Figure 38. Map of Proposed Network of Park, Open Spaces and Tourism Sites
134
3.6.1.3.
New Government Center
Figure 39. Satellite Image of the New Government Center Site
Within the planning period, a new Government Center will be constructed to exemplify the rise
of Imus as a Premiere City. The center will be installed with “state of the art” facilities and
technologies to enable better, efficient and effective government services to its people. In
addition, this structure shall be designed to withstand various hazards and climate changes
impacts, as well as enable efficient movement within both the facility and the rest of Imus by
locating it at the heart of the city.
135
Figure 40. Proposed Government District Land Use Map
136
Figure 41. Concept Design of the New Imus City Hall
In addition, a satellite government center will be established at the heart of the Vermosa
district. Extension offices of economy-related departments are to be located in this area to
facilitate ease of doing business, and generate potential industries, investments and additional
revenue for the city. Government facilities and offices envisioned to be established in this area
include a Trade Center, Business One-Stop Shop, extension offices for Tourism Development,
Economic Enterprise and Management, Imus Cooperative Development, and Public
Employment Service, among others. A literary and cultural arts museum is also proposed to be
established within Vermosa to showcase the city’s literature and arts. Potential revenue from
the museum’s gate receipts could be utilized solely for the City of Imus’ culture and heritage
conservation programs and tourism development.
3.6.1.4.
Agricultural Districts
There are two agricultural districts proposed under the land use plan. These zones are
envisioned to help promote food security and self-sufficiency for Imus through the
popularization of sustainable agricultural practices. It is expected that the use of such methods
in these districts would produce better agricultural yield, encourage the processing of
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agricultural products, as well as showcase best practices for urban farming which can be
replicated around the city. These areas were identified based on the capacity and suitability of
the land for agriculture.
The first agricultural district is the Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development District
(MARDD) in Malagasang. This district seeks to establish a center for modernized farming
techniques that efficiently produces better yields and processing of products. Included in these
districts is the utilization of greenhouses and hydroponics technologies for crop production, as
well as the generation and use of composting and organic farming practices. Agriculture-related
enterprises and markets are also to be allowed within this district for direct income generation
from the sale of the products. Furthermore, the MARDD is envisioned to become a
demonstration area for modern urban agriculture that can attract students, agriculturists,
tourists, and consumers to visit the area.
Figure 42. Satellite Image of the Modern Agri-Industrial Research and Development District Site
138
Figure 43. Proposed Modern Agri-Industrial Research and Development District Land Use Map
139
Figure 44. Modern Urban Agri-Industrial Research and Development Facility Concept
(Urban Farms Concept)
The other agricultural district is the Organic Urban Farming Districts (OUFD) within the areas of
Alapan, Carsadang Bago, Bucandala, Bayang Luma, Medicion, Tanzang Luma and Toclong. These
areas are not envisioned to be specialized exclusive agricultural zones. Rather, they are aimed
to integrate organic urban farming activities in local neighborhoods and communities for
additional income and to maximize utilization of prime agricultural lands. Currently, the said
district has tracts of lands that are idle and vacant. These lands are targeted for temporary
urban farms that the communities can nurture before their development into urban uses,
particularly for residential purposes.
These planned agricultural districts are expected to complement major urban farming-related
facilities that will be developed in the Vermosa District such as the “Farmers Market”and
organic restaurants, among others. To ensure that organic urban farming is being practiced in
both new and existing residential settlements, open spaces and idle lands are required to be
turned into urban farms through the Zoning Ordinance. Capacity development and support
infrastructures are also to be provided by the LGU to jumpstart the implementation of these
farms.
140
Figure 45. Satellite Image of the North-Central Organic Urban Farming District Site
Figure 46. Satellite Image of the Toclong-Medicion Organic Urban Farming District Site
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Figure 47. Proposed North-Central Organic Urban Farming District Land Use Map
142
Figure 48. Proposed Toclong-Medicion Organic Urban Farming District Land Use Map
3.6.1.5.
Industrial District
Currently, there are already industrial locators present within the city. These industries are
usually located along the Aguinaldo Highway which was designated as industrial zones in the
previous version of the CLUP. However, the intended industrial development did not
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materialize due to the presence of industrial parks scattered around the region. It was observed
that the industrial zones were developed into commercial and residential instead. Because of
this, the proposed industrial district will be in Malagasang, along the southernmost part of Imus
and near the planned Cavite-Laguna Expressway since the area would be farther away from the
city’s residential communities and commercial areas. The proposed development will also be
located in strategic areas where flow of good inwards and outwards of the city will not be
difficult. To ensure that the proposed industry sites does not affect the natural environment,
the potential industries in the area should follow the environmental standards and regulations,
such as buffers, to lessen its impact to the environment and adjacent structures. In addition,
waste management practices (solid wastes and wastewater) will be required and strictly
enforced to ensure that there will be no negative impacts to the watershed and the lowlanddownstream areas.
Figure 49. Satellite Image of Imus Industrial District Site
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Figure 50. Proposed Industrial District Land Use Map
It is also proposed that the industrial hub be turned into an eco-industrial park wherein the
industries will complement with each other and other activities in the city such as its
commercial establishments, agricultural activities and waste management facilities. In addition,
these industries are encouraged to install sustainable technologies (i.e., renewable energy and
rainwater harvesting) for an earth-friendly growth.
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Figure 51. City of Imus Eco-Industrial Park Concept Design
3.6.1.6.
Socialized Housing District
One of the more critical uses to consider in the CLUP is its deficiency in socialized housing as
reflected in the presence of informal settlements in the city. The Socialized Housing Districts
located in Alapan II, Anabu I and Anabu II will be the site of future socialized housing projects.
These were determined based on the availability of lands and its proximity to establishments
that would provide for the basic needs of its inhabitants. In addition, the projects are targeted
for vertical development wherein mid-rise structures to replace the conventional house and lot
design for housing. This type of development is envisioned to cater to more families from the
marginalized sector.
3.6.2. Urban Corridor
For the next ten years, the existing Urban Corridor which transects the center of Imus along the
Aguinaldo Highway shall continue to be a major economic growth pole for the city and the rest
of the province. Also, this corridor will continue to be a major route towards the different areas
of Cavite.
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To ensure that this corridor will sustain its role as a major urban growth driver, enhancements
and improvements shall be implemented. These improvements shall focus on its aesthetics and
road configuration to foster an environment more conducive to travel. Included in the road
improvements are the defined bus stops and alighting areas, adequate sidewalks, and strategic
foot bridges. In addition, the urban street design shall focus on presenting the image of a city
determined to deliver to the general public, in this case, its heritage and cultural brand.
Utilization of ornamental bamboo, palms and other small trees as the main natural ornamental
design for the streets are to be considered due to space limitations.
Figure 52. Heritage Urban Corridor Concept, Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, Imus
Another change that the city wants to employ in the urban corridor is the shift of land use
development priorities from industrial to commercial growth. Since majority of the
developments along the corridor for the past years are commercial in nature, future
developments shall be directed into development of more uses of this type along the axis. To
lessen the possible congestion and additional traffic that might be generated by such
commercial expansion, establishments are required to provide ample parking space for its
customers, as well as spaces for loading and unloading.
3.6.3. Circulation System
To enable sustainable urban growth for Imus, the LGU shall support its development thrusts
and directions with adequate and efficient circulation networks. The city shall make substantial
investments on improving and developing its networks to stimulate socio-economic growth
within the city. With improved mobility, the people of Imus can now have access to a range of
opportunities and services that were previously difficult to obtain. Furthermore, businesses
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shall have adequate support facilities to efficiently transport their goods and services. The
proposed circulation system shall also ensure connectivity with the proposed CALAx.
Rather than focusing on a transport system for private vehicles and automobiles, the proposed
circulation system is envisioned to incorporate multimodal transport for movement within the
city. A mix of transport modes, such as non-motorized travel and public transport, are to be
made accessible for the constituents of Imus. This type of circulation network will then be
harmonized with the transit-oriented development and walkable town strategies the city
intends to implement.
Traffic Management practices and policies also need to be incorporated and implemented in
major thoroughfares and congestion areas to manage traffic volume. Among the strategies
considered are the assignment of separate lanes for private and public vehicles, monitored
boarding and alighting time periods, rationalization of local public transport routes, and the
allocation of public utility lay-by areas along Aguinaldo Highway and Daang Hari Road, among
others. Such supporting practices and policies, along with required transport infrastructure and
transport-support facilities indicated in this CLUP shall be further studied and incorporated in
the formulation of the city’s Transport and Traffic Management Plan.
148
Figure 53. Proposed Circulation Network Map
149
3.6.3.1.
Major Arterial Roads
Major arterial roads are seen as the backbone of the city’s sustainable development. To lessen
the burden on the Aguinaldo Highway as the main and primary transportation route, the city
shall install a rectilinear, grid-type road circulation network that is parallel and perpendicular to
the main urban corridor. This will be implemented through road construction and
improvements, as well as the establishment of friendship routes between roads of communities
and neighborhoods. Included in the city’s circulation program is the connectivity of the road
networks with the proposed road system of the Vermosa District. These arterial roads will serve
as the infrastructure for movement within the city. It will accommodate not only private
vehicles but also become major routes for local public transport vehicles. The arterial roads
shall also be enhanced for pedestrian and bicycle transport.
3.6.3.2.
Bike Lanes and Walkways
In addition to roads for vehicles, green bike lanes and walkways are to be developed for nonmotorized travel. These bike lanes and walkways shall be connected both with each other and
with the main arterial roads. This means that the main roads should also be pedestrian-friendly,
especially along Aguinaldo Highway and Daang Hari. Other bike lanes and walkways shall be
located along major rivers and shall also serve as the buffer and water easements from the river
boundaries. For the pathways to be green, these routes shall be provided with trees to serve as
shades for pedestrians and shall be connected with the green open spaces. Other greening
support facilities could also be incorporated in the design such as solar-powered lighting
installations, and natural trash traps.
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Figure 54. Linear Parks Development Concept, Isabel Bridge
3.6.3.3.
Transportation Support Facilities
Support facilities such as public transport terminals, open elevated parking spaces, and
footbridges are also indicated in the Structure Plan of the city. These infrastructures ensure that
the circulation networks and different transport modes are connected with each other.
Also included as transport support facilities are impounding areas. With the projected strict
enforcement of traffic regulation and management plans in the future, these areas shall serve
as holding place of vehicles that have been towed due to traffic violations such as illegal
parking.
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Figure 55. Integrated Multi-Modal Public Transport Terminal Concept Design
Figure 56. Open Elevated Parking Spaces Concept Design
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3.6.4. Support Infrastructures and Utilities
Support infrastructures and utilities are vital in ensuring that development is sustainable. These
provide for much the needed support mechanisms required by day-to-day urban activities. For
Imus, the two main facilities that need to be improved and developed are infrastructures for
solid waste management and rainwater/floodwater catchment.
3.6.4.1.
Materials Recovery Facilities
To improve the city’s management of solid wastes, three additional Materials Recovery
Facilities (MRFs) are to be constructed at Malagasang, Buhay na Tubig and Medicion. The
establishment of these facilities promotes recycling and reuse of materials and waste and
ensures proper waste segregation before such material are delivered to sanitary landfills.
3.6.4.2.
Retarding Basins
In addition to the formulation and implementation of a comprehensive drainage master plan,
retarding basins are to be constructed in strategic locations to ensure that the city will be floodfree. Retarding basins are excavated areas installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers and
streams to protect an area against flooding by storing water for a limited period of time. The
rainwater that will be captured by the basins can also be used for other domestic and
agricultural purposes. Currently, there is already an operational retarding basin in Tanzang
Luma. This will be complemented by an additional facility that will be constructed in Anabu
under the management of the Vermosa PUD.
3.6.5. Protection Areas
In its intent to maintain an ecologically balanced environment, the city identified key protection
areas where natural environmental processes are not disrupted. These areas, which will be
buffered and protected from human activities, were determined based on legal instruments
and environmental laws, as well as and their role in the ecosystem and the larger watershed
area.
The areas that shall be under protection zones include prime agricultural lands, river and water
easements, and parks and green open spaces. Human activities are to be limited in these sites
and their conversion to other uses shall be strictly prohibited. However, in Imus subdivisions,
open spaces can also be used for agricultural activities, provided they are utilized only for
community and urban farming. Furthermore, these green open spaces shall be enhanced to
improve urban aesthetics.
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154
3.7. Proposed Land Use
The Proposed Land Use Plan for the City of Imus was determined after a series of assessments
and analyses on the city’s land use potentials and demand. The plan is based on the overall
vision of the city, as well as the development thrusts and strategies needed to attain it. The 10year plan will also help guide the development of Imus into a Premiere City.
Table 42. Existing and Proposed Land Uses Matrix (2018-2027) of the City of Imus
Land Use Classification
Existing
Land Use
2017
%
Residential
Agricultural
Commercial
Institutional
Industrial
Industrial Buffer
Roads
Rivers and Waterways
Parks and Recreational
Linear Parks
Idle lands
Cemetery
Infrastructure and Utilities
Dumpsite
Informal Settlement
Socialized Housing
MRF
PUD
2,120.20
1,071.63
109.24
62.31
88.09
0
460.76
64.28
0.57
0
1,247.01
19.43
58.7
1.37
11
0
0
0
39.89%
20.16%
2.06%
1.17%
1.66%
0.00%
8.67%
1.21%
0.01%
0.00%
23.46%
0.37%
1.10%
0.03%
0.21%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Total
5,314.59 100.00%
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Proposed
Land Use
2018-2027
2,862.35
233.47
363.33
94.18
116.89
10.53
631.32
64.28
32.52
31.32
0.00
33.83
65.09
0.00
0.00
37.71
0.61
737.18
5,314.59
%
%
Change
53.86%
4.39%
6.84%
1.77%
2.20%
0.20%
11.88%
1.21%
0.61%
0.59%
0.00%
0.64%
1.22%
0.00%
0.00%
0.71%
0.01%
13.87%
13.97
-15.29
4.78
0.60
0.54
0.20
3.21
0.00
0.60
0.59
-23.46
0.26
0.12
-0.03
-0.21
0.71
0.01
13.87
100.00%
0.00
Figure 57. General Land Use Plan (2018-2027), City of Imus
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3.7.1. Residential Land Uses
The existing land allocation of 2,120.2 ha. for residential land uses is adequate in providing the
housing needs for its constituents. Only 1,770.47 ha. is needed to meet the land demand for
housing and settlements. However, based on existing situation studies, the city currently has a
large housing backlog. This can be attributed to the lack of low-priced housing which has led to
the existence of unoccupied housing units and idle lots, as well as the presence of informal
settlements. As such, an additional 742.15 ha. of land or a 13.97% land increase will be
allocated for residential uses that allow low priced housing developments, such as midrise
housing. The aggressive projections on the increase of residential lands is connected with the
growth of minor commercial uses allowed in residential zones, as proposed by the complete
neighborhood strategy of the LGU. In addition, existing unoccupied units and idle lots shall be
subjected to taxation to push owners and developers to utilize these, as well as to ensure that
lands remain productive (through tax income generation) even when idle.
In addition to the increase of residential land uses, an additional 37.71 ha., separated into three
sites, shall be allotted for Socialized Housing Projects. These lands were identified in compliance
to Republic Act (RA) 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act which mandates the
provision of areas for socialized housing. This project also aims to eradicate the 11 ha. of
informal settlements present in the city.
3.7.2. Agricultural Land Uses
Due to the projected continued urbanization of the city, agricultural lands will further be
reduced to pave way for other uses related to urban development such as roads,
infrastructures, and utilities. Approximately 838.16 ha. of the agricultural lands will be
converted to urban uses. To ensure that the city will be able to support the basic food
requirements of its inhabitants, further intensification and modernization of agricultural
practices is proposed. Since productive agricultural lands are continually becoming scare, the
general strategy is to increase yields per hectare, increase the income and purchasing power of
the agricultural sector by focusing on high-value products, and establish processes that add
value to these goods. Also, portions of this land use shall also be allocated for tourism
purposes, especially those farmlands that showcase best practices in sustainable agriculture.
Furthermore, idle lands and open spaces shall be converted into temporary community urban
farms to supplement food production and optimize land productivity. The remaining
agricultural lands, majority of which are prime and irrigated, shall strictly be protected from
land conversion.
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3.7.3. Commercial Land Uses
If current economic trends in the province are to continue, commercial land uses shall see a
considerable increase in land allocation for the next ten years. Most of these are situated along
the main provincial economic corridor (Aguinaldo Highway), and near the City of Dasmariñas –
one of CALABARZON’s commercial hubs.
From an existing land area of 109.24 ha., commercial land uses are to increase to 363.33 ha.
under the proposed plan. The 4.78% increase was proposed to accommodate the potential of
the city to become a magnet for trade and commerce due to the city’s drive to intensify urban
activities. These establishments shall also aid in marketing products of the city’s industries.
The main commercial centers will be centered along the Aguinaldo Highway and the
commercial districts inside the Special Development District. In addition, minor commercial
districts shall be proposed to ensure that neighborhoods and communities can easily access
their basic needs. A proposed commercial district shall be proposed adjacent to the Planned
Unit Development of Vermosa to ensure complementation of activities and uses.
3.7.4. Institutional Land Uses
The increase in institutional land use allocation can primarily be attributed to the development
of a new Government Center. A total of 94.18 ha. of land will be designated for institutional
uses and will include the further expansion of some institutional facilities and services of the
LGU. This significant increase in allocation is due to the city government’s drive for efficient and
improved public services, and this is to be realized through the establishment of different
government infrastructure and facilities equipped with “state-of-the-art” and pioneering
technologies and equipment.
3.7.5. Industrial Land Uses
Recognizing its being part of the industrial center of the province and region, industrial land
uses in Imus shall be increased by 28.80 ha. for a total of 116.89 ha. The increased allocation of
industrial lands aims to provide additional livelihood opportunities for the people of Imus. The
additional land for industries shall be allotted for the development of an industrial park that
would both have complementary activities and incorporate the principles of industrial ecology
and environmental protection. In addition, industries are to comply with environmental
regulations such as the provision of solid and liquid waste management programs and the
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monitoring of emission and air pollution. This industrial park shall be located in Malagasang, in
the southwest portion of the city and away from the residential settlements. In order to ensure
that industrial uses do not affect adjacent uses, an additional 10.53 ha. of industrial buffer is
proposed for new and existing industrial developments.
3.7.6. Special Area Development
A Special Area Development is a scheme wherein the land development project is a
comprehensively planned entity. It becomes as such since its unitary site plan allows for
flexibility in planning/design, building siting, complementarity of building types and land uses,
usable open spaces and the preservation of significant land features. Approximately 737.18 ha.
of land is allocated for Special Area Development, which will become the Vermosa District. The
area is a mixed-used residential, commercial and institutional development envisioned to be a
major regional magnet for settlers, employment, commercial establishments, educational
institutions and recreational activities. To ensure that it complies with the city’s environmental
standards, the project shall be accompanied by a Comprehensive Development Master Plan
(CDMP) which outlines the proposed land uses, building density and bulk, road layout, and road
and sidewalk section details. This CDMP would also include the layout of utilities such as
potable water, storm drainage, sewerage, power supply, telecommunications and solid waste
management.
3.7.7. Parks and Recreation
This land use type provides for facilities that encourage activities for physical fitness and
relaxation for the people. On the whole, such uses, shall contribute to the sustainable
development of the city. Majority of this land use type in Imus will come in the form of green
open spaces and linear parks (along rivers) that serve as nature’s green lungs in an urban
setting. In the proposed land use plan, an additional 31.95 ha. is projected to account for the
open space and recreational needs of the city’s future population in the next ten years. These
facilities and spaces shall be supported by a city-wide parks and plaza development program
which aims to enhance existing public recreational areas and to connect these via green and
walkable corridors.
3.7.8. Memorial Parks and Cemeteries
To provide for the projected increase in land demand for burial sites and cemeteries, an
additional 14.40 ha. will be allotted under the memorial parks and cemeteries land use. The
expansion areas shall be located near the existing cemeteries in Toclong and Bayan Luma.
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3.7.9. Infrastructure and Utilities
There is a proposed increase of 6.39 ha. for utilities and other related land uses for the period
2018-2027. These lands will be used for expanding critical facilities and infrastructures related
to solid waste, power, water and transportation. The main structures targeted for this land use
shall include retarding basins and transport support facilities (i.e., impounding areas and
transport terminals). In addition, 0.61 ha. will be appropriated for the development of three
new MRFs that will be strategically situated around the city.
3.7.10.
Roads
Roads land areas are expected to increase by 170.56 ha. for the next ten years. This was based
on the projected need for a more connected and efficient city circulation. Such outlays, once
implemented, would both increase the number of arterial roads and, consequently, improve
mobility within the city. Activities for this type of land use would include the development of
new roads and the widening of existing ones.
3.7.11.
Rivers and Waterways
Waterways and other natural water bodies shall have the same land area of 64.28 hectares as
per the existing land use data. Lands of this type shall be protected from conversion and other
negative impacts caused by human activities. Easements and buffers from these water bodies
are to be enforced as stated under the Water Code. Portions of these easements shall be
allotted for linear parks and pathways. There will be installation of trash traps before the
retarding basin along the Imus-Ylang-Ylang rives system to wastes will be properly handled
during rainy season.
3.8. Proposed Overlay Uses
Overlay zones are special regulatory tools that facilitate the creation of a special zone or
district, placed over existing base zones, which defines special and additional provisions to the
latter. Allowable uses within these zones shall consider the special concerns of particular land
uses and areas within Imus. These zones aim to enhance an area’s the physical character and
form as well as the activities conducted within it by providing necessary regulations and
redirecting activities, programs and projects in these special districts.
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3.8.1. Culture and Heritage Overlay
Culture and Heritage Overlay aims to maintain and preserve historic and cultural assets that
make up the image and character of the city. This overlay regulation aims to respect existing
cultural structures by controlling the bulk, height, and design of buildings in areas and
landscape that surround these heritage sites. This regulation also intends to harmonize the
design and construction of new developments to fit the character of the area.
To complement these provisions, the LGU should direct and prioritize heritage revitalization
programs in particular areas. Those places that are covered by the Cultural Heritage Overlay
include the Poblacion Culture and Heritage District, the Battle of Alapan site, and other
historical landmarks. In some cases, especially with historical landmarks and monuments, this
regulation would propose a buffer of 20 m. for such sites.
3.8.2. Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development Overlay
Modern Agri-industrial Research and Development Overlay intends to apportion a section of
the city’s agricultural lands for intensified and modernized farming practices. Owners of areas
covered under this overlay shall be required to improve their farm production by employing
new technologies and modern equipment. An Agro-industrial Research and Development
facility that will drive research and innovation is envisioned to be at the core of this area. This
zone shall likewise allow for structures such as greenhouses, hydroponics facilities, and any
other facilities that will enhance production in the area.
Activities inside this zone shall be supported by an Agri-industrial Research and Development
Program to be implemented by the LGU. Areas covered under this zone include a portion of the
agricultural land area in Malagasang.
3.8.3. Organic Urban Farming Overlay
This overlay zone particularly intends to maximize the use of idle lands by using these for
production purposes. Portions of Alapan, Carsadang Bato, Bucandala, Bayang Luma, Medicion,
Tanzang Luma and Toclong were selected to be part of this zone due to the presence of large
tracts of unused lands in these barangays. Provisions under this zone aim to incentivize the
conversion of these lands into temporary organic urban farms while penalizing owners whose
lands remain idle. Once these lands are developed into their intended use (e.g. residential),
such developments shall still be required to include a portion of space for urban farms. Existing
neighborhoods shall also be allowed to convert their open spaces into green community-based
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urban gardens. Commercial and small agri-industrial establishments, such as organic, farm-totable restaurants, and local cuisine/food processing facilities, will be allowed within this zonal
type provided that these complement with the identity and character of the area.
A community urban gardening program shall be implemented in this overlay zone to capacitate
communities and provide initial assistance in establishing urban farms as well as to improve
community participation and cooperation.
3.8.4. Institutional Hub Overlay
The Institutional Hub Overlay shall be located in the new Government Center in Malagasang
and aims to ensure that this new complex shall embody the image of Imus as a Premiere City in
the region. This zone shall be implemented through regulations that harmonize the
“sustainable and technology-driven” urban form and character of the area with all structures
that shall be constructed within the zone. This shall include connected walkways, green and
ICT-driven technologies, common building designs and colors, and controlled building bulk and
density.
3.8.5. Cultural Urban Corridor Overlay
The Cultural Urban Corridor Overlay shall be implemented along the urban corridor of
Aguinaldo Highway in order to improve and enhance this area’s capacity to properly represent
the City of Imus. Regulations in this zone will seek to ensure that all developments, including
billboards, urban street, and building designs, shall reflect the cultural image and brand that the
city intends to promote. This zone shall be supported by Urban Street Design and Development
Programs that aim to redevelop and improve the urban aesthetics of the corridor and will
include projects such as the provision of green center islands, sidewalks, bike lanes, and foot
bridges. Innovations and technologies that enhance environmental awareness and quality are
to be incorporated in the area. Incentives shall also be included to entice locators and
businesses to comply with mandated design standards.
3.8.6.
Hazard Overlays
Two Hazard Overlays, namely Flood Overlay and Liquefaction Overlay, shall be implemented
within the city to avoid/mitigate occurrences of such hazard, minimize its impacts on the
different systems of interest, and to protect lives and properties in the identified hazardsusceptible areas.
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Flood Overlay shall be implemented on areas 20 meters from both sides of major rivers and
waterways, and in flood-prone areas of barangays of Pag-asa, Medicion, Toclong and Buhay na
Tubig as identified in the Flood Susceptibility Map. On the other hand, Liquefaction Overlay
shall cover areas in Alapan, Pag-asa, Carsadang Bago, Medicion and Toclong as indicated in the
Liquefaction Susceptibility Map.
Though development shall still be allowed in these areas, bulk and density shall be regulated,
and all developments shall be subjected to additional hazard-mitigating building, and building
design regulations and provisions such as limiting allowable site occupancy, imposing higher
unpaved surface area requirements, conducting soil testing and soil stabilization measures,
ensuring natural drainage patterns are not altered, requiring specific “green building”
technologies, and raising minimum floor line and floor elevation limits, among others.
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Figure 58. Proposed Overlay Uses Map
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Figure 59. General Land Use Plan 2018-2027 with Overlay Zones Map
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3.9. Plan Implementation
Under the Republic Act No. 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991,
cities and municipalities are mandated to provide regulatory measures and/or instruments for
the implementation of CLUPs. The formulation of plans should be science- and evidence-based
and consider the city’s different stakeholders, such as the academe, private sector, the local
communities, farmers, and the National Government Agencies (NGAs). The plan should be
harmonized with the other local (i.e., the Comprehensive Development Plan, Local Climate
Change Action Plan and Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan) and sectoral plans
(i.e., Transport and Traffic Management Plan, Drainage Master Plan, Tourism Development
Master Plan, and Culture and Heritage Conservation Plan). To administer the implementation of
the plan, the following tools, instruments, and programs were developed and proposed.
3.9.1. Zoning Ordinance
This CLUP, with a planning period of 10 years (2018 to 2027), will be implemented through a
Zoning Ordinance (ZO) pursuant to Section 20 (c) of the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA
7160) which states that, “the local government units shall, in conformity with existing laws,
continue to prepare their respective Comprehensive Land Use Plans enacted through zoning
ordinances which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of the land
resources…”. In accordance with the developed CLUP, the ZO serves as a guide in the proper
allocation of activities on the LGU’s territory in order to regulate, maximize and direct uses and
development to achieve the overall Vision of the City. This ordinance will ensure the strict
compliance of the LGU, as well as other actors, with the requirements set by the ZO.
Volume 2 of the CLUP shall outline the Zoning Ordinance that will be used in implementing the
plan. This shall become the basis for the issuance of zoning certifications and locational
clearances for both new developments and redevelopments within the City. The ZO shall also
serve as the main legal document for directing land use change in a particular area. To aid in
implementing this Ordinance, a Zoning Map was developed using Geographic Information
System. This map shall be a representation of the said zoning regulations and requirements.
Thus, this zoning map shall be developed as accurately as possible so as to reflect the actual
uses on the ground.
The proper implementation of the zoning scheme requires the enhancement of the capacity
and knowledge of key LGU departments. The CLUP and, most especially, the Zoning Ordinance,
should be properly communicated to these different departments involved in releasing land
development-related certifications and permits. Communicating the ZO is vital since it provides
a list of the allowable uses in the zones. It also lays down a comprehensive set of regulations
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(i.e., building and performance standards) that provides for the physical character of the land
developments and urban form, as well as overlay zones to direct the character and identity
within a development area. The scope of the ZO cuts across the different departments and
knowledge on this document is a must.
3.9.2. Other Regulatory Measures
3.9.2.1.
Imposition of graduated or selective idle land tax
One of the authority levers afforded to LGUs is the imposition of the idle land tax. This is
provided for in the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 (Section 236-239) and is guided by
the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) set forth through a joint memorandum circular by
the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and Department of Finance (DOF).
This aforementioned land tax is an additional ad valorem imposition of up to five percent (5%)
on the assessed value of land that is considered idle. Urban idle lands, whether classified as
agricultural or otherwise, should have an area of not less than 1,000 sq.m. wherein at least 50%
of the area remains unutilized or unimproved. In addition, individual owners of subdivision lots,
regardless of the size of lot, are subject to this imposition. Likewise, subdivision owners or
operators with individual lots that remain “untransferred” to lot buyers are covered by this
special tax.
A possible variant of the idle lands tax is the enforcement of a levy on under-utilized properties.
A parcel may not exactly be idle as legally defined, but its current use may be considered as
“non-optimal” based on the “highest and best use” concept as indicated in the Zoning
Ordinance of the CLUP. One gauge that can be utilized to manage intensity in growth centers is
the value of improvements-value of land ratio. Lower ratio values signify the sub-optimal use of
a property. In terms of implementation, a cut-off ratio must be determined so that all
properties below this value will be subjected to this tax imposition.
The idle land tax is also a regulatory mechanism that could employ LGUs to influence the
direction of development and achieve a locality’s desired urban form. Through its imposition,
landowners within identified growth centers in this CLUP are encouraged to develop in
accordance with the spatial strategy in that area. Otherwise, they should pay penalties (in the
form of idle land tax) for the potential economic opportunities lost due to the idleness or
under-utilization of their properties.
3.9.2.2.
Special Benefit Levy
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Under Sections 240-245 of the LGC, a special benefit levy is an assessment on lands that are
specially benefitted by public works projects, whether these be new construction or
improvements on existing ones. This tax allows local governments to recover up to a maximum
of sixty percent (60%) of the project cost from contributions by the owners of the lands that
stand to significantly benefit from the implementation of a project via increased land values.
These can be collected within a period of five (5) to ten years and can be implemented only
upon the enactment of an ordinance imposing this tax upon determination of the cost of the
project, its location, and number of installments, among others.
With the threat of such a levy, landowners may opt to donate a portion of their property for the
proposed public works project in anticipation of greater benefits that it will accrue to a
landowner in terms of increased land value and a general improvement in business climate and
investment opportunities.
3.9.2.3.
Socialized Housing Tax
Socialized Housing Tax is an enforcement mechanism that LGUs could employ to ensure
distributive justice through access to equitable housing. Under Section 43 of Urban
Development and Housing Act (RA 7279), a maximum tax rate of 0.05% can be imposed on
lands in urban areas with assessed value in excess of fifty thousand pesos. This tax can be
enforced by all cities regardless of their population density.
3.9.2.4.
Eminent Domain Proceedings
Another inherent power of the State to deal with private property owners is its authority to
take back private property for the common benefit of the public. The city must be able to use
its eminent domain powers to acquire more private property for land banking purposes, either
through direct purchase, and/or land swapping. Land banking is the advanced acquisition and
consolidation of lands identified in the CLUP as areas for future expansion. Pursuing this activity
can allow the city government to curb speculative land pricing, while gaining the ability to
control the pace and timing of development in these areas in accordance with the plan.
3.9.3. Programs and Projects
A list of priority projects, called Legacy Projects, were identified to stimulate and realize the
vision of the city. These legacy projects are intended to be fully implemented in the next three
years in order to spearhead the envisioned development in major thematic policy areas. Out of
the eight (8) proposed legacy projects, five (5) have spatial components that would serve as
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catalysts to spur growth and development. Brief details of the proposed “Legacy projects” are
summarized below:

Construction of the “Ospital ng Imus” and the New City Government Center. As part
of the vision to establish a new government district in Malagasang, two “state-of-the
art” public infrastructure will be constructed in the area namely the “Ospital ng Imus”
and the new city government center (city hall). These structures aim to stimulate socioeconomic activities and growth in the Malagasang Area. These buildings are
characterized as green, sustainable and modern as project elements will include
installation and utilization of green innovations and technologies such as green building
standards, solar panels, rainwater harvesting mechanisms among others.

Organic Urban Farming Project. The project aims to ensure food sufficiency by fully
optimizing idle and vacant and using them as organic urban farms. This is the city’s
government response to augment the upward demand for other land uses, and balance
the diminishing agricultural land allocation with higher land productivity and value. The
program has three phases namely: 1) Introduction of demo-farms (pilot); 2) City-wide
Implementation; and 3) Identification and Construction of Supporting Post-Harvest
Facilities.

Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program. The program aims to modernize the
public transport system in the city by introducing green, and sustainable modes. It also
aims to enhance the transport and traffic management conditions by providing the
necessary support facilities to further improve the system’s level of service, and the
comfort and convenience of the riding public. The program also has three (3) phases
which include: 1) Introduction of E-trike Vehicles in New Growth Areas such as the New
Government District, and residential subdivisions; 2) Introduction of E-vehicles for Intracity Travel Routes; and 3) Introduction of E-Buses for proposed Tourism Shuttle System
and Inter-City and –Regional Travel Routes.

Green Government Housing Program. The Green Government Housing Program aims to
provide equitable and affordable housing to government employees, informal settlers
and other marginalized groups. In the short-term, the program partners with “Gawad
Kalinga” for housing extension projects with kick-off with the extension project in the
Alapan Area. Another strategy to be implemented as part of the program is to renovate
foreclosed properties and offer them to city government employees. Proposed mediumrise condominium type housing projects are proposed to be constructed in the longterm.
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
Green Schools Program. The program aims to incorporate green and innovation designs
in all public infrastructure within the city with all schools serving as its pilot
implementation. The initiative aims to address the potential impact of climate change
and disaster risks by placing emphasis on incorporating adaptive and mitigating
measures in public infrastructure. Introduction of green and innovative technologies will
serve as vital components of the program. Program components include: 1) Installation
of Solar Energy System (Energy Conservation); 2) Rainwater Harvesting System (Water
Conservation and Flood Management); 3) Sewage Treatment System (Water Quality);
and 4) Introduction of E-vehicles (Noise Reduction and Air Quality). Schools were
selected for pilot implementation in order to increase the level of awareness on
sustainable development among students which will serve as the next major players in
the city’s future development.
Other indicative programs and projects are also identified in order to help realize the CLUP
within these planning period. The following programs and projects are proposed and shall be
further detailed in the city’s Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). These programs will
become part of the program and project identification and prioritization phase of the CDP and
will be funded through the Local Development and Investment Program (LDIP). The following
PPAs are recommended to support the implementation of the land use plan:
A. Transport and Traffic Management Program
 Construction of New Roads
 Road improvements and enhancements
 Urban Street Design and Development Program
 Installation and Construction of Transport Support Infrastructure and Facilities (bike
lanes, sidewalk upgrading, designation of alighting and stop areas)
 Linear Parks Development Program
 Establishment and Implementation of “Kalayaan Routes”
 Construction of Integrated Multi-modal Transport Terminals
 Establishment of new Public Transport Systems and Routes
 Introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems (Integrated traffic lights, CCTVs, etc.)
 Transport and Traffic Management Plan Implementation (including public transport
route rationalization)
B. Comprehensive Drainage and Waste-Water Treatment Program
 Construction of water treatment plants
 Construction of additional retarding basins
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

Construction of three (3) additional MRFs at Malagasang, Buhay na Tubig, and
Medicion
Infrastructure Support for Garbage Collection and Disposal (e.g. Establishment of
MRF facilities per barangay, Sewage Treatment)
C. Modern Agricultural and Agri-Industrial Research and Development Program
 Construction of Modern Agricultural and Agri-Industrial Research and Development
Center
 Community Urban Gardening Program
 Organic Urban Farming Program
D. Tourism Development and Promotions Program; Culture and Heritage Revitalization
Program
 Cultural Asset Inventory Project
 Historical Site Redevelopment Program
 Museum Construction and Maintenance
 Parks and Plaza Development (e.g. linear parks, Battle of Alapan)
 Heritage Park Development Project
 Poblacion Heritage Revitalization Program
 Tourism Development Master Planning and Implementation
 River Protection and Rehabilitation Program (e.g. mini-forest parks/linear parks in
easements of rivers)
E. MSMEs and Livelihood Assistance Project
 Establishment of Special Skills Training Centers
 MSMEs and Livelihood Assistance Project (anchored on agriculture, agri-tourism,
and histo-cultural tourism enterprises)
F. Information Technology Services Upgrading Program; Revenue Administration
Modernization Program
 Computerization of Government and Business Processes
 Land Use Monitoring System
 Installation of integrated GIS-based tracking system for business real property
registry and assessment
 Installation of Public Wi-fi Systems
 Establishment of Housing Occupancy Monitoring System
 Building Inventory and Management System
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G. Other Programs and Projects
 Retrofitting of Social Infrastructure
 Site Identification and construction of Integrated Protective Services Satellite
Centers
 Construction of government support facilities in the New Government District
Aside from the implementation of the Zoning Ordinance, investments in public infrastructure
and facilities are powerful enabling mechanisms in shaping the city’s development in
accordance with the chosen urban form in this plan. By establishing public infrastructure and
facilities in intended areas, the city government can manage the pattern of land use and
influence specific private investments to locate and follow the desired spatial direction in these
areas.
Ideally, most of these investments can be funded through the financial mechanisms as
discussed in the previous sections. However, the city’s resources may not be enough to
immediately implement all programs and projects that could generate synergies through
complementation and contribute to realizing the desired impact and outcomes.
As such, the city could exercise its power as a corporate body and utilize its mandate to enact
measures to attract private investments in public programs and projects. The authority to guide
private investments is given to the Local Development Council as provided in Section 109 (a,4)
of RA 7160. Consequently, state intervention in private investments are also justified under the
law, provided that these are done to promote distributive justice, social equity and the general
welfare (Art. XII, Sec.6, Constitution).
Such guidance could be in the form of Public-Private partnerships (PPPs) and/or incentives such
as tax breaks, selective subsidies, and transaction cost reductions through the provision of
efficient government transactional services and the elimination of bureaucratic red tape, graft,
and corruption. This authority lever serves as a mechanism for the city government to promote
social equity by empowering local MSMEs and local cooperatives with the ability to invest in
such public ventures and manage them sustainably.
With public and private investments complementing each other to fund the programs and
projects needed to realize the desired development indicated in this plan, societal benefits are
expected to accrue exponentially. These significant impacts could manifest in terms of
improved quality of life and well-being among Imuseños.
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3.9.4. Legislation and Ordinances
In addition to the proposed Zoning Ordinance and suggested Programs and Projects, additional
legislations maybe pursued in the future (or amendments for existing legislations) to
complement the existing land use plan. The following are the proposed priority legislations:
-
Revenue Code
-
Tax Code
-
Investment and Incentives Code
-
Transport and Traffic Management Code
-
Environment Code
-
Tourism Code
-
Culture and Heritage Conservation Code
-
Green Building and Infrastructure Code
-
Culture and Heritage Conservation Code
-
Mandatory Disaster Evacuation Ordinance
Aside from these legislations, the legal bases for additional institutional arrangements (i.e.
creation of special councils and committees; creation of additional departments/offices) must
be in place to ensure accountability and ownership of projects and programs, sufficiency of
capable human resources, and sustainability of financial sources. Co-management
arrangements with different NGAs and partnerships with different institutions and entities
must also be institutionalized through ordinances.
3.9.5. Co-management Arrangements and Partnerships
In order for the city government to extend its regulatory and developmental authority over its
territorial jurisdiction, co-management arrangements should be forged between the City and
concerned national agencies or instrumentalities. Such arrangements could increase the
capacity of the city in managing and administering its human resources. Also, the financial
requirements needed to realize the goals and objectives of the CLUP could be augmented
through additional financing options and sources available from and sharing development costs
with these entities.
Possible NGAs include the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and its
attached agencies [i.e., the National Museum, National Historical Commission of the Philippines
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(NHCP), National Archives, and the National Library]; the Department of Tourism (DoT); the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and Department of Transportation (DoTr);
the Department of Budget and Management (DBM); the Department of Finance (DoF); the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR); and the Department of Interior and
Local Government (DILG). In addition, co-management arrangements at the provincial and
regional level or with other LGUs must also be established for trans boundary management
issues such as Flood Mitigation and Management, River Protection and Management, Waste
Disposal and Management.
In terms of partnerships, the city government shall explore such arrangements with the
academe in terms of research and development (R&D), especially in the fields of urban
agriculture, green technologies, and culture and heritage conservation. The City of Imus shall
also venture into partnerships with different MSMEs, local cooperatives, and private firms to
generate economic investments and opportunities and contribute to the implementation of
priority programs and projects. Likewise, partnerships with public utility providers shall be
established and/or enhanced to ensure that the necessary facilities are sufficient to support the
development needs of the City.
3.9.6. Monitoring and Evaluation
To ensure compliance to the Proposed Land Use Plan of Imus in the next ten years, a Land Use
Monitoring System which will employ the use of available satellite imagery and open source
geographic information system (GIS) is being proposed. Cognizant to RA 11032 or the Ease of
Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018, the Land Use Monitoring
System will entail cadastral mapping, digitizing information into spatial datasets, data
generation and validation, and data visualization (maps). This system is to be integrated in all
government processes related to land administration and management such as locational
clearances, building and occupancy permitting, environmental and non-protected agricultural
land certifications, and business permitting, among others.
To sustainably implement and strengthen the Land Use Monitoring System, different quality
and performance standards based on existing laws, implementing rules and regulations, and
guidelines (i.e. Green Building Code; Air and Water Quality Monitoring Standards) shall be
localized and incorporated to improve and enhance all government processes. Special user fees
and incentives (i.e. tourism fee, environmental fee, storm water utility, and tax holiday,
discounts, and special subsidies) shall be imposed as deemed necessary to monitor
implementation and enforce strict compliance to such standards.
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Joint Inspection Teams composed of relevant offices involved in the issuance of locational
clearance to business/occupational permits should also be institutionalized and reinforced.
Continuous capacity building shall be provided for members of the joint inspection teams,
zoning officers and planning team to equip them with the necessary knowledge and training to
efficiently implement the plan.
In addition, the proposed programs and projects, which is vital in the realization of the CLUP,
shall be strictly monitored towards its implementation through the various implementation
schemes of the other plans. These include, but not limited to, the Comprehensive Development
Plan, Local Climate Change Adaptation Plan, Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Plan, Transport and Traffic Management Plan, Drainage Master Plan, Tourism Development
Master Plan, Heritage Site Conservation Plans, and the Local Development Investment Program.
Furthermore, impacts of the zoning implementation, as well as the programs and projects shall
be monitored based on the success indicators identified under the Goals and Objectives section
of this CLUP.
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