ES 666
Biological Treatment Technologies
Module-2
Lecture-1
Amritanshu Shriwastav
ESED, IIT Bombay
(amritan@iitb.ac.in)
Content & Evaluation
Content
 Anaerobic Treatment Processes
 Onsite Treatment of Wastewater
 Land Treatment of Wastewater
Evaluation
(Module-2: 45%)
 Quiz
 CW/HW
 Final Exam
: 10%
: 05%
: 30%
 Sludge Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal
Quiz-1 : 22nd March 2024 (Friday)
Quiz-2 : 12th April 2024 (Friday)
(during regular class)
Best one will be considered.
No separate make-up quiz will be scheduled.
Reserve the right to modify this evaluation scheme
with due intimation to students!
2
Recap? | Evolution of Life on Earth
https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/1c/4
2/14/1c4214fcce094f3966
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3
Recap? | Evolution of Life on Earth
LUCA
Lehninger (2008)
4
Recap / Basics
 Strict aerobes: They are active and degrade substrate
only in the presence of free molecular oxygen. They will
die in the absence of free molecular oxygen.
 Aerobes
 Facultative anaerobes
 Anaerobes
 Facultative anaerobes: They are active in the
presence or absence of free molecular oxygen. If
present, free molecular oxygen is used for enzymatic
activity and the degradation of wastes. If free molecular
oxygen is absent, another molecule, for example,
nitrate ion (NO3–), is used to degrade wastes.
 Anaerobes: They are inactive in the presence of free
molecular oxygen.
 Oxygen-tolerant species: They can survive
in the presence of free molecular oxygen, but
cannot perform normal cellular activities,
including degradation of substrate in its
presence.
 Oxygen-intolerant
species
or
strict
anaerobes: They die in the presence of free
molecular oxygen.
Gerardi (2003)
5
Recap | Metabolism
Lehninger (2008)
6
Recap | Glucose Catabolism
 Respiration
 Aerobic
 Anaerobic
 Fermentation
Bauman (2018)
Unden and Kim (2021)
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Recap | Glucose Catabolism
Lactic acid
fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Bauman (2018)
Anaerobic processes are known to us for a
long time.
8
Recap / Basics
 Aerobic
 Anoxic
 Anaerobic
Approximate ORP, mV
Carrier Molecule
Condition
Respiration
> +50
O2
Oxic
Aerobic
+50 to -50
NO3- or NO2-
Anoxic
Anaerobic
< -50
SO42-
Anaerobic
Sulfate reduction, Fermentation
< -100
Organic compound
Anaerobic
Mixed acid production, Fermentation
< -250
CO2
Anaerobic
Methane production, Fermentation
9