MONDAY, MARCH 24
• Begin the Skeletal System
• Practice / Review
• Kahoot Review
BONE
•206
•Organs
•Calcium,
phosphorous
FUNCTIONS
• Movement
• Protection
• Blood cell production
• Mineral storage
COMPACT BONE
•Forms length of
bone
•Strong,
nonporous
SPONGY BONE
•End of bones
•Passageway for blood,
marrow
•Protective connective
tissue layers
•Periosteum
• Lines outside bone
•Endosteum
• Lines inside bone
6
Epiphysis
•Proximal, distal
end of bone
Diaphysis
•Length (shaft) of
bone
BONE CLASSIFICATIONS
• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid
AXIAL SKELETON
•Bones along vertical
axis
•Craniofacial bones,
vertebrae, ribs,
sternum
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
•Limb bones including
girdle bones
•Function: movement
LONG BONES
• Longer than wide
• Limb bones
SHORT BONES
• Cube-shaped
• Wrist, ankle bones
13
FLAT BONES
• Thin, flat, curved
• Sternum
• Most skull bones
14
IRREGULAR BONES
• Odd shapes
• Vertebrae
• Certain hip bones
15
SESAMOID BONES
•Form within
tendon
• Patella
• Knuckles
BONE MARROW
• Fills bone cavities
• Two types …
YELLOW MARROW
•Contains stem cells,
adipocytes
•Provides nutrients to
bone
RED MARROW
•RBC’s, WBC’s,
platelets
•In long, flat bones
OSTEOBLASTS
•Bone-building
cells in
periosteum,
endosteum
OSTEOCLASTS
• Draws calcium from
bone, breaks bone
down
• Controlled by
parathyroid gland
FRACTURES
Simple
• Excessive forces
Compound
• Bone exposed
Pathological
• Disease
Stress
• Repetitive force
• Osteoporosis
OSTEOSARCOMA
STRESS FRACTURE
AXIAL SKELETON
Includes:
 Craniofacial
 Vertebrae
 Ribs
 Sternum
Functions:
– Movement
– Support
– Protect
CRANIAL BONES (8)
FRONTAL BONE (1)
•Flat bone
•Anterior portion of
cranium
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PARIETAL BONES (2)
•Flat bone
•Form superolateral
side of cranium
OCCIPITAL BONE (1)
•Flat bone
•Posterior skull
•Includes foramen magnum
TEMPORAL BONES (2)
•Flat bone
•Inferolateral sides of
skull
SPHENOID BONE (1)
•Bat-shaped irregular bone
–Articulates with all
cranial bones
ETHMOID BONE (1)
• Irregular bone
• Deepest skull bone
–Forms roof of nasal
cavity
CRANIAL SUTURES (4)
Coronal: between
parietal bones,
frontal bone
Sagittal: between
right, left parietal
bones
CRANIAL SUTURES
Squamous: between
parietal, temporal bones
Lambdoid: between
parietal, occipital bone
Auditory Ossicles (3)
• Malleus
• Incus
• Stapes
FACIAL BONES (14)
MANDIBLE
• Irregular
• U-shaped
• Contains teeth sockets
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MAXILLAE (2)
• Irregular
• Forms upper jaw
• Contain alveolar processes
ZYGOMATIC BONES (2)
• Irregular
• Form margins of orbits
Nasal Bones (2)
– Flat
Lacrimal Bones (2)
– Flat
– Form walls of orbits
 Protect lacrimal sac
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE (2)
•Lateral walls of nasal
cavity
•Warms, humidifies air
Palatine Bone (2)
– Irregular
– Two bony plates
Vomer (1)
– Flat
– Plow-shaped
– Forms nasal septum
HYOID BONE
• Irregular
• Anterior neck
• Not a skull bone
• Free-floating
• Attachment for tongue
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Thoracic cage
–Ribs, sternum, thoracic
vertebrae
– Protects heart, lungs
STERNUM
– Flat bones
– Three fused bones:
– Manubrium
– Body
– Xyphoid process
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
• Bares weight of body
• Protects spinal cord
• Attachment point for ribs
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacrum: 5 fused
Coccyx: 3 fused
VERTEBRAL BODY
• Anterior part
• Cartilaginous discs
Spinous process
• Centered structure
Transverse process
• Extend laterally
Pedicles
• Connects body, transverse process
Cervical spine
– C1 - C7
– Atlas (C1)
‒ Axis (C2)
– Smallest, delicate
vertebrae
Thoracic spine
– T1 - T12
– Articulate with ribs
– Moderate size
Lumbar spine
– L1 - L5
– Bares most weight
– Wide, thick vertebrae
Sacrum
• 5 fused bones
Coccyx
• 3 fused bones