NIGERIAN AIR LAW PRACTICE EXAMNATION
1.Unless the pilot of an aircraft entering Nigeria has been granted special permission, he
must do so at:
a) Any aerodrome
b) A customs aerodrome
c) Any Government aerodrome
2.
What signal in the signal area indicates prolong prohibition from landing?
a) A horizontal white dumb- bell
b) A horizontal red square with yellow diagonal stripe.
c) A horizontal square
3.
Flight at night in Nigeria, under Visual Flight Rules is:
a) Permitted below 3000 feet AGL.
b) Permitted outside controlled airspace.
c) Not permitted.
4.
The term VMC means
a) Instrument Flight Rules must not be used.
b) Weather conditions are such that flight may be carried out under VFR.
c) Weather conditions are such that the airport is closed to all flying.
5.
Certain minimum safe altitudes may be disregarded:
a) By aircraft flying for the purpose of checking navigational aids.
b) By private flying clubs.
c) By aircraft practising aerobatics.
6.
When landing on a grass field after another aircraft, you should:
a) Land on its left and turn right.
b) Land on its right and turn left.
c) Land on its right and turn right.
7.
While flying VFR on a magnetic track of 180, the “semicircular Rule” requires a
Cruising altitude at:
a) Odd thousands of feet.
b) Even thousands of feet.
c) Even thousands of feet plus 500 feet.
8. Which flight level under IFR complies with the rule for a magnetic track of 200?
a) FL 290.
b) FL 310.
c) FL 320.
8.
Which light signal directed at an aircraft on the ground means that the aircraft should
return to its starting place?
a) A continuous red beam.
b) An intermittent white beam.
c) A continuous white beam.
9.
When an accident occurs involving serious injury or loss of life, the aircraft must:
a) Not be remove interfered with except under authority of the Ministry of Transport.
b) Be moved at once by the owner or his agent.
c) Be removed within hours 72 hours of the event.
10. In order to obtain Advisory service when flying under IFR in Flight information
region, the aircraft must be able to communicate with:
a) Other aircraft.
b) Aerodrome control.
c) A.T.C. Unit.
11. Requests for meteorological route forecasts should include:
a) The time of the synoptic on which the forecast is to be based.
b) The General Declaration.
c) The route, time of start, height and airspeed.
12. Certain documents must be carried on all flights for the purpose of public transport.
The additional document that must be carried if the flight is international is the;
a) Certificate of Airworthiness.
b) Certificate of Registration.
c) Certificate of Maintenance.
13. The altimeter of an aircraft in flight above 3000 feet MSL should be set at:
a) QNH.
b) QFE.
c) 1013.2 mb.
14. An Approach Control Unit provides control service to aircraft:
a) Taking-off and landing under IFR.
b) Flying in a control zone.
c) Landing under VFR.
15. Information regarding the control Area in Nigeria will be found in the:
a) Civil Aviation Act (1964 no.30)
b) Aeronautical information publication (Nigeria).
c) Civil Aviation Rules of the Air and Air Traffic control 1965.
16. Who is responsible for the requirements of carrying certain prescribed essential
Instruments and equipment in the aircraft?
a) The owner or his agent.
b) The pilot-in-command.
c) The ATC officer on duty.
17. When taking-off the pilot must set his altimeter to;
a) Regional QNH.
b) Any desired setting, but should set the altimeter to the latest aerodrome
QNH. \
c) QFE.
18. An aircraft without radio communication equipment shall not commence a flight
When the weather condition at the destination are likely to be less than;
a) 5 nm visibility and 1500 feet cloud base.
b) 3000 yards visibility at 2000 feet cloud base.
c) 5 nm visibility and 2000 cloud base.
19. The pilot of an aircraft sees another aircraft on the starboard side showing a red
Light. The pilot must;
a) Maintain course and seed.
b) Take avoiding action if risk of collision exists.
c) Alter course to port.
20. Obstruction warning lights are;
a) Red and white alternating.
b) Amber.
c) Red.
21. An aircraft in flight, which has the right-of-way, shall:
a) Always maintain course but may alternate speed.
b) \Always maintain course and speed.
c) In an emergency, avoid collision as best it can
22. Dangerous goods which by reason of their nature are liable to endanger the safely
Of aircraft or persons aboard may be carried:
a) Under no circumstances.
b) If carried in special containers.
c) With the written permission of the ministry of Transport.
23. The taxing rules for an aerodrome requires that:
a) Airplane which are landing shall be given free way by other airplanes and
Vehicles.
b) Airplane are landing shall give way to other airplane and vehicles.
c) The right-of-way between airplanes landing and other airplane shall
Be at the discretion of the pilots.
24. The marshalling signal, which indicates turn to port?
a) Circular motion of the right hand at head level, with left arm pointing
To engine.
b) Left arm down, right arm repeatedly moved upward backward.
c) Right arm down, left arm repeatedly moved upward backward.
25. An aircraft flying from abroad is compelled to “force-land”. The pilot
In command shall:
a) Repair his aircraft and fly to his destination.
b) Make his way to the nearest aerodrome and report to ATC.
c) Report the landing to the customs or to the police.
26. An aircraft shall not fly over, or within a certain distance of, an assembly of
More than 1000 persons. What is that distance?
a) 3 nm.
b) 1000 yards.
c)1500 yards.
27. An aircraft over a congested area of population shall maintain at least what
Minimum height above the highest object with 2000 feet horizontally?
a) 1000 feet.
b) 1500 feet.
c) 2000 feet.
28. An aircraft flying below 3000 feet MSL complies with VFR conditions if:
a) There in a second “safety pilot” in the aircraft.
b) Only between sunset and sunrise.
c) It is clear of all cloud and in sight of ground or water.
29. An aircraft flying over an aerodrome in order to observe the signals area must
Remain:
a) In the traffic pattern.
b) At least 500 feet above airport elevation.
c) Not more than 1000 feet above airport elevation.
30. Whose responsibility is it to ensure that the arrival of an aircraft is notified to
ATC.
a) The lower controller.
b) Approach commander.
c) Aircraft commander.
31. When is an aircraft permitted to fly unregistered in Nigeria?
a) If it is flying into Nigeria for the first time from another country.
b) If the flight begins and ends in Nigeria.
c) Never.
32. Information on radio aids available at an aerodrome can be found in:
a) AIC.
b) AIP.
c) AIS.
33. What type of airspace is established in Nigeria?
(AFAAC / CDRPAU)
34. What is the definition of a control zone?
(Designated airspace with extends upwards from the surface.)
35. Differentiate between category ‘A’ and category ‘C’ customs airport?
(‘A’ 24 hours and ‘C’ needs 48 hours notification.)
36. Describe briefly the functions of the (A.I.S) in Nigeria.
37. In what circumstance may an aircraft exit be obstructed by cargo?
38. Name the two types of separation used in Air Traffic Control (airspace)
(1) Horizontal (2) Vertical.
39. An authorised person can request the pilot-in-command of the aircraft to
To produce certain documents within a reasonable time.
a) List the document in the case of a Nigerian registered public transport aircraft
on an international flight.
b) What is reasonable time? (5 days)
c) Who is an authorised person?
40. The landing lights of an aircraft in flight are being switched on and off repeatedly.
What is the meaning of the signal?
41. What should the commander of an aircraft do when me meets with hazardous
Conditions in the course of a flight?
42. Describe briefly the navigation lights to be displayed by a flying machine
Registered in Nigeria after June 30, 1965, and having a maximum total
Weight authorized of more than 12,500 pounds when flying at night.
43. You are on cross-country flight in Nigeria, flying VFR and you decide to follow a
Road or railway line.
a) To which side of the aircraft must such a line of landmark be kept? (To the left)
b) What is this rule called (‘the right hand rule’)
44. What is the difference between elevation and height?
45. What constitutes a “notifiable” accident?
46. In addition to the Ministry of Transport, who must be informed if a notifiable
Accident occurs in Nigeria.
47. Who must sign the load sheet before take-off?
48. Describe the marshalling signal, which means, “STOP”.
49. What are the three emergency phases?
50. What does a red panel square 10 feet with diagonal with a yellow strip across
diagonal signify?
51. What will the following light indicate when directed from the control tower
To an aircraft on the ground?
a) Continuous green.
b) White flashing
c) Intermittent red,
52. You are flying from Lagos to Port Harcourt in a piper Navajo, with registration
Number 5N-ABC. Ten minutes before your ETA at PHC, you develop an engine
fire, which you are able to extinguish. Describe the appropriate radio message and
to whom would you transmit it.
53. What are the conditions for IFR flight in Nigeria?
54. What is the different between “obstacle clearance limit” and “critical Height”?
55. What action shall be taken when on the manoeuvring area of an airport:
a) Two flying machines approach head-on.
b) Two flying machines are on converging course,
56. What is the method of measuring runway visual range?
57. List the different kinds of nav aids available in Nigeria.
58. In what document will you find information on civil Aviation legislation
For Nigeria?
59. May a suitably equipped aircraft be flown within Nigeria in stimulated instrument
Flight if the field of vision of the safety pilot in the second control seat is not
adequate? (NO)
60. If you experience two-way radio failure while flying in IMC, what is the basic
procedure to follow?
61. What terrain clearance do you have to observe on IFR flights outside controlled
Airspace?
62. What is the purpose of the A.I.P?
63. What is the procedure to obtain Advisory service?
64. Explain the conditions and purpose for special VFR flight.
65. A refueller falls off the wing of your airplane and break his leg, As pilot
In command, what action are you required to take?
66. You see a white pyrotechnic flash while flying at night. Where are you
And what do you do?
67. Describe the air Traffic service available in Nigeria?
68. Is it permitting to fly an aircraft without a certificate of airworthiness in
Nigeria?
69. You are the captain of an aircraft with maximum weight 24,000 pounds
And you have more than 1000 hour. Your co pilot fails to plan for the flight
The company chief engineer offers
co pilot seat. Can you legally proceed
with the flight in Nigeria?
70. You are on a domestic flight in Nigeria at FL150.Arriving near Calabar, what
ATC facility gives your initial descent clearance?
71. Can two aircraft use the same runway at the same time? (NO)
72. What is the difference between QNH, QFE and flight level?
73. What is the designation of the ADR form Kaduna to Lagos?
74. What are the hours of operation for?
a) Kano FIR
b) Lagos sub-FIR.
75. List the radio command Nav facilities available at Kano.
76. Is Maiduguri an international airport?
77. What are the hours of operation for Calabar?
78. Is aerodrome control service provided at Ibadan? At Enugu?
79. What are the vertical limits of the Lagos sub-FIR?
(From GL to FL 300)
80. What is the transition altitude established at:
a) Kano
b) Lagos
c) Port Harcourt.
81. On what frequency would you contact:
a) Benin Tower
b) Lagos VDF
c) Kaduna Tower.
82. What is the identification signal of:
a) Calabar
b) Lagos VOR
c) Kano RSP.
83. What are the dimensions of:
a) Oshogbo runway 050/230.
b) Zaria runway 050/233.
c) Kano runway 060/240.
84. What are the frequencies of:
a) NDB.
b) Enugu NDB.
c) Lagos VOR.
85. What is the aerodrome elevation at Zaria?
86. What are the coordinates of Kano aerodrome?
87. Are there night landing facilities at Benin aerodrome?
88. What is the customs category for Calabar?
89. List the NDB’s in Nigeria that are operational 24 hours a day?
90. An aircraft towing a banner has another aircraft to its right, what action should be
taken by pilots?
a. Aircraft on the right gives way to the right.
b. Aircraft towing gives way to right.
c. Both aircraft gives way to the right.
100. Which of the following may not be required during instrument approaches.
a. Dual controls.
b. A safety pilot in second seat.
c. A third competent observer who can communicate with the pilot or safety
Pilot.
101. An aircraft for the purpose of public transport, in what weight category is it
mandatory to have two pilots.
a. 12,500 pounds or more
B.12, 500 pounds or less
c. 22,500 pounds or more
d. 22,500 pounds or less.
SUMMMARIZED REFERENCES
1. Aerodrome traffic zone (ATZ) – means the airspace extending from the aerodromes
surface to 2000 feet and within a distance of 3000 yards of its boundaries. (CAA B62).
2. Air Traffic Control Clearance means authorization by an ATC unit for an aircraft to
proceed under specified conditions. (CAA B62)
3. Cloud Ceiling means the vertical distance from the aerodrome elevation to any visible
cloud base, which obscure more that half of the sky.
4. Manoeuvring Area means the part of the aerodrome used for take-off and landing, and
ground movement, excluding areas used for passenger and cargo loading, maintenance
and parking.
5. The commander of an aircraft meeting hazardous conditions shall, in the course of
his flight or as soon as possible thereafter, send to the appropriate ATC unit by the
quickest means available particulars as my be pertain to the safety of other aircraft.
6. No aircraft shall fly over any congested area of population----------a. Except at such height that will enable it clear the area or alight without danger to
persons or property on the surface in the even of an engine failure, or
b. At a height less than 1500 feet above the highest object within 2000 feet
horizontally.
7. An aircraft shall not fly over or within 1000 yards of, any open-air assembly of over
1000 spectators gathered for an organised event, except with written permission of the
ministry.
8. An aircraft shall not fly closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or
structure.
9. Some exceptions to the restrictions of low flying are: Take-off, Landing, practice
approaches, organised aerial exhibition, Nigerian police aircraft, search and rescue
operations, and aircrafts checking Nav aids or procedures.
10. To perform stimulated instrument flight, the aircraft must carry a “safety pilot” in
the second control seat, and if the safety pilot’s vision is inadequate both forward and
to the side, a third competent observer is required who can communicate with the
safety pilot and view his obstructed areas, or the simulation must cease.
11. A practice instrument approach other than simulated flight require a competent
observer in a position with adequate vision and can readily communicate with the
flying pilot.
12. An aircraft registered in Nigeria after 1 July 1965, flying at night shall display at
least the following lights:
a . Aircraft with maximum authorised weight less than 12,500 pounds--1. A steady green light showing to the starboard side through an angle of 110 from
dead ahead.
ii. A steady red light showing to the portside through an angle of 110 from dead ahead.
iii. A steady white light showing through angles of 70 from dead eastern to each side.
b. Aircraft with maximum authorised weight greater than 12,500 pounds---i. All the lights in (a) above, plus…
ii. Anti-collision light.
13. An aircraft which will be unable to communicate by radio with ATC at the
destination airport, cannot begin the flight if there are indications that ground visibility
will be less than 5 NM or ceiling less than 1500 feet upon arrival, unless ATC has
given permission to enter the ATZ.
14. Aircraft shall not fly in formation unless the commander of the aircraft has agreed
to do so.
15. An aircraft, which has the right-of-way, shall maintain its course and speed.
16. Right-of-way rules in the air:
a. Flying machine gives way to airship, glider, and balloons.
b. Airship gives way to glider and balloons.
c. Glider gives way to balloons.
d. A glider under tow shall be considered to be part of the powered aircraft for
command purposes.
e. When two aircraft converge at approximately the same altitude, the aircraft on the
right has the right-of-way. The other aircraft shall give way.
f. Flying machine shall always give way to any other flying machine towing another
aircraft or object.
g. When two aircraft approach head on each will alter heading to the right.
h. An aircraft being over taken has the right-of-way. The faster aircraft shall keep out of
the way of the slower aircraft and pass on the right.
i. An aircraft in the process of landing has the right –of-way over all other aircraft.
j. If two air craft are landing at the same place, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the
right-of-way, provided it does not overtake other aircraft,
k. An aircraft making an emergency landing has the ultimate right-of-way under all
circumstances.
l. Otherwise, all aircraft will comply with the landing priority established by ATC.
17. Aircraft shall not perform acrobatic manoeuvres over congested areas or in controlled
airspace except with permission of ATC.
18. Aircraft flying VFR in Nigeria while following roads, railways, canals or other
landmark lines, shall keep such lines to the left. This is called “The Right-Hand Traffic
Rule”.
19. It not permitted to fly VFR at night in Nigeria. Night flying requires IFR or special
VFR clearance.
20. Weather minimum for VFR:
a. Within controlled airspace----- cloud clearance of 1000 feet vertically and 1 nm
horizontally, and visibility of 3nm.
b. Outside controlled airspace above 3000 feet ---- same as (a) above.
c. Outside controlled airspace below 3000 feet and remain clear of cloud with ground in
sight.
NOTE: ICAO requires 5nm visibility, which is probably the correct answer for the
examination, but present wording in the Nigerian CAA indicates 3nm,which is the U.S.
FAA minimum.
21. Special VFR---- means a flight in IMC at night in accordance with special instruction
from ATC (instead of IFR)
22. Conditions for IFR flight:
a. Terrain clearance of 1000 feet above the highest obstacle within 5nm (except for takeoff and landing)
b. Compliance with the “ Quadrant rule” for crusing level.
c. Flight plan on file with ATC.
d. Clearance from ATC.
e. All necessary equipment on board the aircraft (in serviceable condition,
Radios, instruments, etc.)
f. Pilots have appropriate licence.
23. In the even of communication failure while flying IFR:
a. If possible continue to destination by VFR.
b. Or, if possible continue in compliance with flight plan, or last ATC clearance
c. Arrange to arrive at destination for landing as close as possible to last acknowledged
ETA.
d. Begin decent at last acknowledged Expected –Approach- Time or airport ETA and….
e. Land within 30 minutes of time at which decent should have started ……
f. Or, if unable to comply
or….
an area of known VMC and land at an airport there,
g. Select a suitable area in which to descend through clouds and land at the aerodrome
there.
24. An aircraft shall not engage in public transport, or aerial work unless there is in force
a Certificate of Maintenance.
25. An aircraft registered in Nigeria with maximum allowable weight of more than
22,500 pounds, flying for the purpose of public transport, shall” carry not less than two
pilots in the flight crew.
26.Know what items are required to be recorded in a personal flying logbook.
27. For public transport flights, a load sheet must be signed by the person supervising the
loading operation and signed by the aircraft commander.
28. The commander of an aircraft registered in Nigeria is responsible for seeing that all
equipment required by regulation is on board the aircraft and in satisfactory condition for
use.
29.Dangerous goods may be carried in the aircraft with written permission of the
Ministry, and in accordance with any condition included in that permission.
30. In a public transport aircraft registered in Nigeria, a passenger exit may be obstructed
by cargo in accordance approved by the ministry, if it is not required by use by
passengers.
31.An aircraft registered in Nigeria must carry the following documents:
a. On public transport domestic flights---i. Radio licence
ii. Crew licence
iii. Certificate of airworthiness.
iv. Certificate of maintenance.
v. Technical Log.
b. On public transport international flights----.
i. All documents in (a) above, plus
ii. Certificate of Registration.
iii. General Declaration (customs)
iv. Passenger Manifest.
32. When requested by the authorizes person, the aircraft commander shall, within a
reasonable time produce the documents required to be carried in the aircraft. (5 days for
verification).
33. For the purpose of examination, an authorized person is anyone authorized by the
minister, and a “reasonable time is considered to be 5 days.
34. All international flights in Nigeria must use an aerodrome designated for the
purpose of customs, immigration and health.
35. Customs services are divided into 3 categories:
a. Category ‘A’ ----available 24 hours.
b. Category ‘B’----- available without prior notice, at specified hours as shown in the
AIP.
c. Category ‘C’------ available with 48 hours prior notice.
36. Control area –means designated airspace which extends upwards from a specified
altitude.
37. Control zone means designated airspace which extends upward from the surface,
38. Critical height means the minimum height above the airport elevation of which
an instrument approach can safely be continued without visual ground reference.
39. Obstacle clearance limit (OCL) means height above airport elevation, which
provides vertical clearance during approaches or in the even of a missed
approach.
40. Runway visual range (RVR) means the maximum distance in the direction of
take-off or, landing at which specified marks can be seen from a point 15 feet
above the runway centreline.
41. An aircraft may not take-off, or commence or continue an approach to land if the
RVR is less than the prescribed minimum.
42. The selection of an alternate aerodrome is the responsibility of the aircraft
commander, and shall be done prior to take-off .if an alternate is required. An
alternate aerodrome is one, which an aircraft will precede if landing at its
destination becomes inadvisable.
43. The purpose of the AIP---- it is the basic aeronautical information document for
Nigeria, which contains data of lasting nature essential to air navigation.
44. Aeronautical information service (AIS) is part of the aviation division of the
ministry of transport. It is responsible for collecting and dissemination of
information including NOTAMS, AIP, and AIS for the entire territory of Nigeria
and its area of jurisdiction above high seas.
45. Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) --- contains general information of
technical interest or relating administrative matters, which could be inappropriate
for the AIP or NOTAMS.
46. Class 1 NOTAM; Temporary information of a timely significance, unforeseen
change in sevicerbilities, etc, or any other emergency.
Class 11 NOTAMS: Information of direct operational significance, requiring
advanced distribution, or which is appropriate to the AIP but needs more
immediate discretion.
47. Pre-flight information is available at the area control. (kano and Lagos).
48. The official time system used for Nigeria aeronautical operation is GMT / UTC.
49. Study the abbreviation in GEN 2:1 through 2:3.
50. Know how to read table of international airport.
51. Know how to read the aerodrome directory, to find such information as
geographic coordinates, airport lighting, operation hours etc.
52. The types of radio aids to navigate in Nigeria:
a. NDB --- Non-Directional Beacon.
b. VDF – VHF Direction Finder.
c. VOR – VHF Omni Range.
d. ILS --- Instrument Landing Systems.
e. DME – Distance Measuring Equipment.
f. L ----- Locator Beacon.
g. BS --- Broadcast Station.
53. Know how to read the radio COM & Nav facilities table to find such information
as frequencies, hours of operation etc.
54. Area metrological watch is provided for the kano FIR.
55. Notification from operators in respect of briefing, light documentation, and other
met information is normally required:
a. For flights up to 500nm, at least 3 hours before ETD.
b. For flights greater than 500nm,at least 6 hours before ETD.
56. Air Traffic Services in Nigeria consist of
a. Air Traffic Control. (ATC)
b. Flight Information Service. (FIS)
c. Alerting Service.
d. Advisory Service.
e. Approach Control.
f. Area Control
57. No transition altitude in Nigeria is less than 3000 feet. Lagos and port Harcourt
are 3500 feet? Kano, Kaduna and Enugu are 5000 feet.
58. Vertical position in relative to altitude is expressed as flight level when above or
Ascending through T.A (Transition Altitude) and as altitude when below or
descending through T.A.
59. Consecutive FL’s are separated pressure intervals corresponding to 500 feet.
Know the quadrant Rule for cruising level for VFR and IFR flights.
60. Danger area means airspace where activity may exist which are dangerous to
Aircraft. That effect of a D.A. is to caution pilots of asses the dangers in relation
to responsibility of aircraft safety.
61. Restricted Area means airspace which flight is limited in accordance with
Specific conditions.
62. Prohibited Area means airspace in which flight or civil aircraft is not permitted at
Any time under any circumstance.
63. All persons entering Nigeria are required to have a valid international certificate
Of vaccination against yellow fever, dated at least ten days before arrival.
64. If an international flight lands elsewhere than an international airport or
Designated alternate, the pilot in command shall report the landing as soon as
practicable to the customs, immigration and health authorities at the airport at
which the landing was scheduled to take place.
65. Coordination or search and rescue (SAR) arrangements handled by the ATC
centres
At Kano and Lagos. Normal distress frequency is VHF 121.5.
66. In SAR procedures aircraft there are 3 phases of emergency:
a. Uncertainty
b. Alert
c. Distress.
67. The two types of separation used in Nigeria ATC are:
Vertical and Horizontal.
68. Elevation (or Altitude) means vertical distance above sea level.
69. Height means vertical distance above a specific datum.
70. The types of airspace in Nigeria.
a. ATZ ---Aerodrome Traffic Zone.
b. FIR---- Flight Information Region.
\
c. ADR----Advisory Route.
e. CZ --- Control Zone.
f. CA --- Control Area.
g. DA--- Danger Area.
h. Restricted Area.
i. Prohibited Area.
j. Airway.
k. Uncontrolled Airspace.
71. It is necessary to file a flight plan in Nigeria for all flights except those local in
nature.
72. Advisory Routes (ADR,s) in Nigeria are:
a. DR 18 Lagos – Kano
b. DR 37 Lagos – Port Harcourt.
c. DR 20 Lagos – Sokoto.
d. DR 49 Kano -- Maiduburi.
73. Prior to take-off, at least one altimeter must show QNH which should be set on
The apron.
74. Kano FIR operation 24hrs from ground level up through all airspace.
Lagos sub—FIR operation 0600 to 1800 hrs from ground level up to
FL 300.
75. Approach Control regulates traffic taking- off and landing under IFR.
76. The procedure for joining an Airway:
a. Flight plan must be submitted.
b. Call 10 minutes before joining with callsign, present heading, and route:
requested, position of join, time of join, present altitude and flight level desired.
77. Right-of-way rules on the ground:
a. Aircraft on ground shall give way to aircraft taking-off or landing.
b. Aircraft, which are taxing, shall give way to vehicle towing aircraft.
c. Two aircraft approaching head-on shall both alter course to the Right.
d. when two aircraft are converging, the aircraft on the Right has the right-of-way
e. When one aircraft is passing another, the aircraft been over-taken has the right
of way.the other aircraft must alter course to the left.
78. It is not permitted to fly in ATZ, except for the purpose of take-off, landing, or or
Observing the signal area, unless the person or ATC unit in charge of the airport
has granted permission.
79. An aircraft flying in the ATZ for the purpose of observing the signal area shall
remain clear of cloud and at least 500 feet above airport elevation.
80. In airport traffic pattern make all turns to the left unless otherwise directed.
81. Aircraft shall not land on a runway unless clear of other aircraft.
82. When taking-off or landing are not confined to a runway (much as an open field)
a. Land to the right of aircraft on ground.
b. Make all turns to the left.
83. Signal areas – means a square visible in all direction, boarded red by a white strip
one foot wide, with internal sides measuring 40 foot. It is used to give pilots
certain information about an aerodrome without the need for radio
communication. Study the various types signals display Rules of the air.
84. An aerodrome control tower may direct certain light signals to aircraft operating
on ground or in the air. Study the various signals in the Rules of the air.
85. Study the marshalling signals which may be used for the gaurdiance of aircraft
Manoeuvring on the ground.
86. The repeated switching on and off of the aircraft landing lights signifies that the
Commander of an aircraft wishes to give notice of difficulties, but does not
require immediate assistance.
87. The radio distress call for an aircraft which is threaten by grave and imminent
Danger and which requests immediate assistance:
a. MAYDAY (3 Times)
b. Callsign
(3 Times)
c. Position, heading, Altitude, Airspeed.
d. Situation and intention.
e. Description of Aircraft.
f. Repeat Callsign (3 times)
g. Repeat MAYDAY (3 TIMES).
88. While flying at night, of bunting white projection or white luminous beam
Directed from the ground, indicates that the aircraft is in air restricted or
prohibited area and is required to change course without descending.
89. Warning lights on obstruction shall show at least
direction.
of RED light in all
91. The minister means the Nigerian charged with the responsibility for matters
relating to civil aviation.
92. A notifiable accident is one which any person suffers death or injury while
“In or upon or by direct contact with an aircraft” or anything attached there to, or
the aircraft receives substantial damage.
93. A notifiable accident must be reported to the Minister and the police, and if
Appropriate also custom and immigration.
94. Only authorized person shall have access to an aircraft involved in an accident
And the aircraft shall not be removed or otherwise interfered with except under
the authority of the minister.
95. Any aircraft may fly unregistered if the flight begins and ends in Nigeria without
passing over any other country.
96. If an aircraft is registered it must display appropriate registration marks while
Flying in Nigeria.
97. Registration marks on aircraft registered in Nigeria are the figure 5, and the
capital letter N or
followed by three letters in Roman characters.
98. An aircraft may fly without a certificate of airworthiness being in force if it is
For the purpose of qualifying for issue or renewal of C.of.C or for proceeding to a
place where the necessary inspection can be made.
99. Certificate of Airworthiness shall remain in force for such period which may be
Specified therein.