Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
Time Website in Enhancing Kindergarten Pupils Ability to recognize the Hour
and Minutes Hand in A Clock”
_____________________________________________________________
An Action Research
Presented to
the District Research Committee
Carmen, Surigao del Sur
_________________________________________________________
GUILE E. PUDE
Researchers
JUNE 2024
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
I. Abstract
This action research explores the efficacy of Time Website to
enhance kindergarten students' ability in understanding time concepts. This
research aims to determine if computer aided instruction (CAI) was a useful
tool to enhance numeracy skills in preschool children.
The performance levels of low-performing kindergarten pupils were
assessed through observation and assessment. This investigation aimed to
identify the factors influencing their performance in the class. This
intervention is design to address the specific challenges of this competency
and aims to have a meaningful and effective learning environment.
The research developed a website using google site to conduct a
assessment to the kindergarten pupil. The website is composed of a pretest, an explanation and a post test. This developed website allowed pupils
to learn more by the implementation of computer aided instruction
Furthermore, the results indicate a significant difference between the
students’ performance scores before and after the implementation.
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
II . Acknowledgment
The following people have kindly contributed their knowledge, skills,
invaluable support, efforts, and time to the preparation and completion of this
action research, and for that, the researcher is truly grateful.
To our almighty God for giving the researcher ability, knowledge and
strength to finish this research.
To my CAI adviser, Kenny John C. Grustan, for his guidance and support
throughout the accomplishment of this study
To the ever supportvie school head of Cancavan Elementary School,
Mrs. Luzviminda K. Polinar for allowing me to conduct the study.
I also extend my foremost gratitude to the kindergarten pupil of
Cancavan Elementary School who actively participated and responded to this
study.
III. Context and Rationale
In today's digital age, technology has become an integral part of
education, transforming traditional teaching methods and enhancing learning
experiences. Kindergarten children, who are at a crucial stage of cognitive
development, benefit significantly from interactive and engaging educational
tools. One fundamental concept in early childhood education is the
understanding of time, which includes the ability to read clocks, understand the
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
passage of time, and relate it to daily activities. Despite its importance, many
young learners struggle with this concept when taught through conventional
methods.
According to Christakis, Ebel, Rivara & Zimmerman in 2004 Children
read more from computer and mobile phones screens than from printed books.
Small gains in mathematics achievement and high levels of engagement
suggest that using interactive technology in the kindergarten classroom
enhances learning of mathematics. (Miller, 2018)
In our kindergarten, it has been observed that a significant number of
students find it challenging to grasp the concept of time using traditional
teaching aids such as analog clocks and worksheets. This struggle is evident
in their inability to correctly identify hours and minutes, as well as their difficulty
in associating time with daily routines. To address this issue, we aim to explore
the effectiveness of computer-aided instruction (CAI) as a tool to enhance
kindergarten students' ability to understand and tell time.
Incorporating Computer Aided Instruction in Kindergarten lesson will
help pupils to process the lesson. This will enhance their numeracy skills.
IV. Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
CAI intervention is necessary to determine the least learned of
the students in a particular subject that needs to improve any skills from the
competencies of a given subject of which learners show most difficulty whether
the student understands well the topic being discussed identify the
competencies that students perform least DepEd Order No. 8, s.
2015 emphasizes that classroom assessment is an integral part of curriculum
implementation to inform the learners as well as their parents and guardians of
their progress and allow the teachers to track and measure learners’ progress
and to adjust instruction accordingly.
The least learned competency in every subject is collected after the
grading period, based from the least learned competency of kindergarten the
pupil had low result in recognize and name the hour and minute hands in a
clock, to address the problem the research develop a google site link as a tool
that aid the academic challenges faced by the pupils.
The intervention in which the discussion and assessment is conducted
with the implementation of time website in which learners are more likely to be
interested and learn easily than a paper and pencil.
The ultimate goal of this intervention is to establish a learning
environment that is interesting, entertaining information and also give
immediate feedback to the pupils. The intervention plan is to assess students
prior to learning and make them rehearse till they are able to grasp the concept
and become more proficient in the subject matter.
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
In order to promote favorable learning, the intervention goes beyond
evaluation to include additional concept-related tasks and exercises with an
innovative approach.
V. Action Research Questions
The study is intended to improve the learning and performance of the
Kindergarten Pupils of Cancavan Elementary School by implementing Time
Website.
1. What is the performance of kindergarten pupils in recognize and name the
hour and minute hands in a clock, before the intervention?
2. What factors affect the student’s performance in recognizing and name the
hour and minute hands in a clock?
3. What is the performance if the identified students after using the localized
website as an intervention?
4. Is there a significant difference between the performance of the identified
students before and after the intervention?
Hypothesis
At 0.05 level, it is hypothesized:
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
Ho: There is no significant difference between the performances of the
identified students before and after the intervention in recognize and
name the hour and minute hands in a clock, before the intervention.
VI. Action Research Methods
A. Participants and other Sources of Data and Information
The participants of this study were the kindergarten pupil of Cancavan
Elementary School who were enrolled in the school year 2023-2024. There
were 4 male and 6 females, with 10 pupils under kindergarten. Among these
pupils, 4 pupils were not able to meet the expectations. Teachers, Parents and
other stakeholders were also involved as sources of information regarding the
kindergarten learner’s mastery of competency.
B. Data Gathering Methods
The action research uses the descriptive method. However, the researcher
used purposive sampling to better select students as participants in collecting
data, which includes assessing students prior learning by giving them formative
assessments. After fathering data, the students who did not meet the learning
expectations were observed and interviewed. However, in the data
consolidation utilized frequency count, percentage count and Paired Sample TTest analysis.
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
VII. Discussion of Results and Reflections
The tables display the findings about the research queries examined in the
study.
Table 1. Presents the performance of Kindergarten pupils about recognizing
and name the hour and minutes hand in a clock before the intervention. Out of 10
pupils, 60% or 7 pupils got a passing performance rate, while 40% did not meet
expectation.
Table 1. The performance of Kindergarten pupils in recognize and name the
hour and minutes hand in a clock.
Adjectival Rating
Numerical Rating
Frequency
(Number of Learners)
90 and above
Outstanding
1
85-89
Very Satisfactory
2
80-84
Satisfactory
2
75-79
Fairly Satisfactory
1
74 and below
Did not meet Expectations
4
Total
10
This indicates that, in terms of recognize and name hour and minutes hand in
a clock, only 40% of the students required instructional strategies that support and
adapt to their learning requirements and interests.
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
Table 2 describes the learner’s unsatisfactory performance in relation to
recognize and name hour and minutes hand in a clock. However, the majority of those
underachieving learners require scaffolding in order to master concepts, practical skills
and proper execution.
Table 2. Factors affecting the learner’s performance on recognize and name
hour and minutes hand in a clock.
Factors
Number of Learners
Difficulty absorbing learning concepts
2
Lack of focus or distraction
1
Difficult of following procedure
1
Total
4
The data above indicates that these leaners need further guidance and
facilitative learning resources to improve retention and application skills. In
consonance with the study published by Burny, E., Valcke, M., & Desoete, A. in 2009
their study examines that cognitive development and instructional methods affect
young children’s ability to tell time. These factors impede effective learning, making it
challenging for learners to understand concepts. However, CAI intervention can
improve retention of the pupils.
Table 3 shows the identified students’ performance after implementing
Computer Aided Instruction as an intervention in the learning and performance of the
learners. The outcome shows a positive impression on the improvement of the
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
student’s performance. Therefore, there are 1 outstanding ratings, 2 Very satisfactory
and 1 satisfactory.
Table 3. Performance of the student after incorporating the Time
website.
Student Before the Utilization of an
Intervention
Scores in
Percentage
Adjectival Rating
After the Utilization of an
Intervention
Scores in
percentage
Adjectival Rating
1
61
Did not meet
expectations
84
Satisfactory
2
65
Did not meet
expectations
88
Very Satisfactory
3
70
Did not meet
expectations
88
Very Satisfactory
4
72
Did not meet
expectations
90
Outstanding
The table above illustrates how effectively students are acquiring knowledge
and performing as a result of this intervention. The intervention encourage concept
retention, in-dept comprehension, accurate information and easily accessible learning
materials. Kulik, C.C., & Kulik, J.A. they found that CAI generally had positive effects
on students’ learning outcomes compared to traditional instructional methods.
Implementing CAI in a lesson makes the learner more interested about the lesson.
Table 4 reveals the significant difference between the performance of the
identified students before and after the intervention. The outcomes shows that the
mean scores of the students after the intervention, which 87.50, were significantly
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
higher compared to their mean scores before the intervention, which is 67.00. This
indicates that there’s an improvement in their performance in recognize and name the
time and minutes hand in a clock after engaging in the intervention.
Table 4. The significant difference between the performances of the identified
students before and after the intervention.
Intervention Mean
Standard
P-value
Decision
Interpretation
0.00
Reject Null There is a
Significant
Hypothesis difference
Deviation
Before
67.00
4.97
After
87.50
2.52
The table above shows that the standard deviation after the intervention is
lesser compare to the scores before the intervention. However, the mean score is
closely clustered to each other which means the intervention has a big help to the
learning and performance of the students. It was shown on the table on the table that
the null hypothesis is rejected. This means that intervention using CAI implementation
is effective. This conlusion support the findings of Couse, L. J., & Chen, D. W. (2010 )
In kindergarten education, properly designed digital educational activities can become
a very powerful educational tool for efficient and effective learning. Mobile devices
have new attractive features and provide considerable advantages in the teaching of
mathematics in kindergarten education. The research revealed that implementing CAI
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
aids in fostering a deeper grasp of the subject matter and improves students
performance.
Reflection:
Implementing Time website as an intervention in teaching recognize and name
the hour and minutes in a clock has proven remarkably effective. This research came
up with an online intervention in response to the learning needs of the students to
support their learning by understanding the concepts. Incorporating Time website in
teaching kindergarten has correspond to the demand in 21st century learners in which
using technology this transform education by offering new tools and resources that
enhance the pupils experience even at the young age. The google site that is
accessible provides personalized learning opportunities and real-time feedback for
leaners and teachers. The Implemented time website as an intervention attract the
interest of every learner to be more motivated in a teaching and learning process. This
research helps not just the leaners but for the teacher as well.
References
Couse, L. J., & Chen, D. W. (2010). A Tablet Computer for Young Children? Exploring
Its Viability for Early Childhood Education. Journal of Research on Technology in
Education, 43(1), 75-98.
Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C. C. (1991). Effectiveness of computer-based instruction: An
updated analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 7(1-2), 75-94.
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN DISTRICT
CANCAVAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
132681
Burny, E., Valcke, M., & Desoete, A. (2009). Clock Reading: An Underestimated Topic
in Children with Mathematics Difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(4), 346357.
Pictorials
Cancavan, Carmen, Surigao del Sur, 8315
09999922971
132681@deped.gov.ph