Formation of Earth Scientists today believe that about 15 billion years ago the whole universe was inside a tiny bubble called the Cosmic egg. Then, about 13.8 billion years ago, the tiny ball bubble began heating up and generating energy, until finally it exploded with a bang. Today, we call this explosion the Big Bang. Then about 4.5 billion years ago when the universe began to cool down a bit and settled into its current layout everything started to spin forming very strong winds and gravity pulled particles together from the explosion, forming the Sun. With the Sun now created, over time one gravitational force from the remanent of dead star started pulling the giant dirty gas cloud. This cloud got denser and denser in its center. Then in 10-20 million years other small particles of dust, rock and gas started sticking together creating larger objects. So young earth was formed. This earth’s surface was very hot with poisonous atmosphere. But soon as the temperature of the earth cooled down water from inside of the earth came to surface, form water vapour and rained back to form oceans. Gradually Earth cooled down and earth’s crust was formed and rest all layers. Tectonic plate How tectonic plates are formed and mention different types of tectonic plates movement Different types of tectonic plates movement are : Convergent boundaries: In this process, the plates move towards each other and when they collide the land is pushed upward to form massive mountains e.g. Himalayan mountains Divergent boundaries: In this process two plates move apart and space between the two plates widens and becomes a massive rift eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge between South America and Africa Transform Boundaries: In this the Earth’s plate slide past each other in opposite directions and can create pressure that could lead to many earthquakes. Eg: San-Andreas fault. How weather and climatic change impact our lives and environment? Cloud bust What is a cloud burst? A cloudburst is sudden,extreme amount of rainfall in a short period of time over a limited area, sometimes accompanied by hail and thunder, which is capable of creating flood conditions. Why and how does it happen? Cloudbursts occur when saturated clouds are unable to produce rain because of the upward movement of very warm current of air. Raindrops, instead of dropping down, are carried upwards by the air current. New drops are formed and existing raindrops gain in size. After a point, the raindrops become too heavy for the cloud to hold on to, and they drop down together in a quick flash.
