SEMANTICS – Attach with meaning.
Decoding hidden messages.
FOUNDATION OF LINGUISTIC
Phonetics- Explore how the human ear
perceives and interprets sounds waves .
DENOTATION- Literal, Dictionary
definition of a word.
Morphology (Internal structure of words)
- Study of Words
CONNOTATION- Emotional and cultural
associations attached to a word.
- Smaller meaningful units = morphemes.
REFERENCE- Using language to point to
something.
ALLOMORPHS – different form of the words
SYNTAX- Study of sentence construction (how
words are arrange) Building blocks – order,
structure and relationship between words to
form meaningful units like phrases and
sentences.
RULES AND PATTERNS
Word order, grammatical Markers and
Sentence Type.
Syntax things to remember
-
words order matters
Sentences structure reflects intent
Ambiguity arises from flexibility
Processing and Comprehension
-
Complexity challenges the brain
Parsing is a mental feat
Language disorders can affects syntax
Socail interaction and Communication
-
Formal vs. Informal style
Emphasis and focus
Cultural variation in syntax
REFERENT-
-
POLYSEMY- one wod has multiple related
meaning. (related meaning)
HOMONYMY- Two words have the same form
but completely different meanings. (unrelated
meaning)
CROSS LINQUISTIC VARIATIONS
-Some language have specific grammatical
markers for politeness or emphasis.
PRAGMATICS
-
Language acquisition and Development
-
Children learn syntax early
Errors reveal learning patterns
Syntax plays a role in literacy
COMPOSITIONALITY
using language to point to something
Understand new words and sentences
by breaking them down into familiar
components.
Study of how context influences
meaning.
Who, what, where, why and how
behind communication.
Focuses on how language is used in
context deals with implied meanings
and inference.
Pragmatics things to remember:
1. focuses on how language is used in
context.
CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE
-
Understand more that what’s
literallysaid.
SPEECH ACTS
-
Actions we perform through language
DEIXIS
-
Using words and pharses to anchor
meanng in the specific context of the
utterance .
PERSON- refers to people involved in the
convestaion
Spatial- locates things in space relative to
the speaker
Temporal – points
INDIRECTNESS- Less confrontation
POLITENESS AND FORMALITY- Nuances:
Sarcasm, humor and even silences.
HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC
DIACHRONIC- ACROSS TIME
SYNCHRONIC- SINGLE SNAPCHAT