IGCSE Physics Formula Sheet
1. Motion & Forces
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Acceleration = (v - u) / t
- v = u + at
- s = ut + 1/2 at^2
- v^2 = u^2 + 2as
- Weight = mg
- Density = mass / volume
- Force = spring constant × extension (F = kx)
- Momentum = mass × velocity (p = mv)
- Force × time = change in momentum (Ft = delta p)
2. Energy & Work
- Kinetic Energy = 1/2 mv^2
- Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh
- Work Done = Force × Distance (W = Fd)
- Power = Work / Time (P = W/t)
- Efficiency = (Useful Energy / Total Energy) × 100%
3. Thermal Physics
- Thermal Energy = mass × specific heat × temp. change (Q = mc delta T)
- Latent Heat = mass × specific latent heat (Q = mL)
4. Waves
- Wave Speed = frequency × wavelength (v = f * lambda)
5. Electricity
- Voltage = Current × Resistance (V = IR)
- Power = Voltage × Current (P = IV)
- Energy = IVt
- Charge = Current × Time (Q = It)
6. Magnetism & Electromagnetism
- Vp / Vs = Np / Ns (Transformer equation)
- Vp × Ip = Vs × Is (for 100% efficient transformers)