А. П. МАРТИНЮК, І. О. СВЕРДЛОВА, І. Ю. НАБОКОВА
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
Збірник типових тестових завдань
Навчальний посібник
Київ — Харків
«Веста»
2012
ЗМІСТ
TEST 1
4
TEST 2
14
TEST 3
;24
TEST 4
34
TEST 5
44
TEST 6
55
TEST 7
.....66
TEST 8
77
TEST 9
87
T E S T 10
97
T E S T 11
107
T E S T 12
,
117
T E S T 13
127
T E S T 14
137
T E S T 15
147
T E S T 16
156
T E S T 17
166
T E S T 18
175
T E S T 19
185
TEST 20
195
ВІДПОВІДІ ДО ТЕСТІВ
205
З
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
Час виконання
120 хвилин
Тест складається з двох частин, у яких перевіряється рівень навчаль­
них досягнень учнів щодо основних видів мовленнєвої діяльності: чи­
тання та письма.
Частина «Читання»
Виконавши завдання цієї частини тесту, Ви продемонструєте своє
вміння розуміти писемну англійську мову на матеріалі різноманітних
текстів з автентичних джерел.
Загальні поради
Ця частина тесту складається з 6 завдань, серед яких: завдання на
встановлення відповідності, завдання з вибором однієї правильної
відповіді і завдання на заповнення пропусків.
Кожне завдання складається з інструкції, тексту і запитань або
тверджень до тексту.
У завданнях на встановлення відповідності Вам необхідно прочи­
тати тексти і твердження/заголовки/ситуації, а також підібрати до
кожного тексту відповідно до завдання заголовок/твердження/ситуацію.
У завданнях з вибором однієї правильної відповіді Вам необхідно
прочитати текст і запитання до тексту, а потім вибрати правильний
варіант відповіді з чотирьох поданих варіантів.
У завданнях на заповнення пропусків Вам необхідно доповнити
пропуски в тексті реченнями/частинами речень або словами/словосполученнями з поданих варіантів.
Спочатку ознайомтеся з інструкцією до виконання завдання.
Прочитайте уважно текст і завдання до нього.
Виберіть правильну, на Вашу думку, відповідь і позначте відповід­
ну клітинку у Бланку А.
Увага!
Правильно розцоділяйте свій час.
На виконання цієї частини тесту передбачено 60 хвилин.
Якщо Ви не можете надати відповідь на запитання, то виконуйте
наступне.
Ваш результат залежатиме від загальної кількості правильних від­
повідей, записаних у Бланку А.
Частина «Письмо»
Частина тесту «Письмо» складається із завдання з розгорнутою
відповіддю.
У завданні з розгорнутою відповіддю передбачається створення
власного висловлення в письмовій формі відповідно до запропонова­
ної комунікативної ситуації.
Увага!
На виконання цієї частини тесту відводиться 60 хвилин.
Роботи, написані нерозбірливо, перевірятися не будуть.
Пам'ятайте, що писати на зворотній стороні Бланку Б не можна.
Тест
TEST 1
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
1
2
Oxford, C o t s w o l d s , B a t h , L a c o c k &
Stonehenge
•
Explore the m o s t beautiful villages in
England
•
Travel in a small friendly group with n o m o r e
than 16 p e o p l e
•
Entrance to the R o m a n Baths and Stonehenge
included
•
Visit the famous University city of Oxford
and the m o s t outstanding pre-historic
m o n u m e n t in the British Isles
www.internationalfriends .co.uk
Estorick Collection
39a Canonbury Square, London N1 2AN
Internationally k n o w n for its collection of
m o d e r n Italian art b a s e d a r o u n d a core of
Futurist w o r k s as w e l l as figurative painting
and sculpture from 1895 to the 1950s, the
Estorick Collection is h o u s e d in a listed villa in
Islington's beautiful C a n o n b u r y Square.
4
3
Planet H o l l y w o o d L o n d o n
57-60 Haymarket, London SW1Y 4QX
2 F O R 1 any m a i n course (from a set m e n u
cheapest free). A s well as an ultra cool H o l l y w o o d
decor the n e w Planet H o l l y w o o d boasts m o u t h
watering m e n u additions and exciting n e w pieces
of m o v i e memorabilia to delight and entertain
our guests w h a t e v e r their age.
Lady Liberty
(Approx. 8 Minutes)
Experience the thrill of a helicopter ride
while flying over the famous H u d s o n River
v i e w i n g D o w n t o w n M a n h a t t a n ' s Financial
District along with the m a n y other a w e s o m e
impressions that the N e w York City Skyline
has to offer. A s y o u return to the helicopter y o u
will v i e w the w o r l d famous Statue of Liberty
in all her glory.
$30 per person
5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fishing the L a k e
H o o k s to b e n o longer than size 10
Flies to b e n o longer than 25 m m
All B r o w n Trout to b e returned
D o g s not allowed
Wading prohibited
Children under the age of 12 m u s t
supervised b y adults
Entry via W o o d s t o c k Town G a t e
be
5
Tsfir/j 'J
A restaurant
В cinema
C
tour
D services
E
exhibition
F shopping
G pastime
H sightseeing
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
H O W DO W E KNOW THAT ELEPHANTS NEVER FORGET?
Elephants w o u l d be excellent in the business world. W o r k i n g e l e p h a n t s i n M y a n m a r h a v e
been
s h o w n t o r e m e m b e r verbal c o m m a n d s , other animals, and people. Considering the w a y they store m e m o r i e s
of their interactions, elephants appear biologically disposed to networking. A n elephant never d r a w s a blank,
leading to the famous saying: " A n elephant n e v e r forgets." S t u d i e s h a v e r e v e a l e d that as a n e l e p h a n t a g e s ,
its m e m o r y i m p r o v e s . W h e n a p p r o a c h e d b y a n o u t s i d e r , a m a t r i a r c h often signals to the rest o f t h e h e r d
w h e t h e r t h e s t r a n g e r is a friend or a foe. S h e r i s e s h e r p e r s o n a l e x p e r i e n c e s , as w e l l as h e r s e n s e o f s m e l l
a n d contact cues, to protect her b r o o d from rogue and possibly violent Dull elephants. T h e matriarch passes her
k n o w l e d g e o n to other m e m b e r s of her herd. (This w a s determined from a study of twenty-one elephant families
during a seven-year period in K e n y a . )
T h e s a m e s u r v i v a l i n s t i n c t c o m e s i n t o p l a y w h e n a n e l e p h a n t smells a m e m b e r of a familiar group that
is k n o w n to kill elephants. W h e n a n elephant catches a whiff o f one of these hunters, it will race for safety.
I f the elephant smells a m e m b e r o f a g r o u p that is k n o w n not to kill elephants, it will continue grazing in
the area. T h e elephant r e m e m b e r s scents, a n d it can differentiate b e t w e e n one that m e a n s danger and one that
doesn't.
T h e saying itself is likely an alteration of an old G r e e k p r o v e r b : " A c a m e l never forgets an injury." C a m e l s
w e r e s w a p p e d out for elephants early in the twentieth century, after intelligence and an impressive capacity
for recall w e r e o b s e r v e d in the latter. It h a s b e c o m e c o m m o n to say s o m e o n e has an "elephantine" m e m o r y —
w h i c h is m u c h m o r e acceptable t h a n saying that s o m e o n e has an elephantine body.
6
W h i c h of the following is N O T stated about a matriarch in p a r a g r a p h 1?
A She recognizes enemies.
В She teaches other elephants.
C She has perfect sense of smell.
D She fights w i t h bull elephants.
6
7
W h a t is described in p a r a g r a p h 2?
A H o w an elephant kills its enemies.
В H o w an elephant lives in the herd.
C H o w an elephant feels danger.
D H o w an elephant hunts.
8
T h e studies about elephants' intelligence date b a c k to
A the matriarch epoch
В the 2 0
th
century
C the G r e e k t i m e
D this century
9
W h y w a s the w o r d "camel" e x c h a n g e d in the saying?
A Studies s h o w e d camels w e r e n ' t able to r e m e m b e r injury.
В Elephants w e r e excellent in business world.
C Studies p r o v e d that elephants w e r e clever.
D C a m e l s b e c a m e fewer in number.
10
W h a t does "elephantine" m e m o r y m e a n ?
A You memorize all details.
В You h a v e a b a d m e m o r y .
C You forget injustice.
D You have big brain.
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
11
In the heat of E g y p t , n o b l e m e n and w o m e n clipped their hair close to the head.
B u t for
ceremonial occasions heavy, curly black w i g s w e r e donned. W o m e n ' s w i g s w e r e often long
and braided, adorned with gold ornaments or ivory hairpins. M e n ' s faces w e r e generally clean
-
t
shaved, but stiff false beards w e r e s o m e t i m e s w o r n .
12
In R o m e the t e n d e n c y w a s to follow G r e e k styles. T h e u p p e r classes w o u l d use curling irons
and favoured the gold p o w d e r e d look of the Greeks. W o m e n often dyed their hair b l o n d e
or w o r e w i g s m a d e from hair of captive civilization slaves. Later, hairstyles b e c a m e m o r e
ornate with hair curled tight and piled h i g h on the h e a d often shaped around w i r e frames.
Rome
Hairdressing b e c a m e popular and the u p p e r classes w e r e attended to b y slaves or visited public
barber shops.
7
13
A m o n g s t the M u s l i m c o m m u n i t y the hair w a s traditionally concealed in public. M e n w o r e a
turban or fez and w o m e n ' s hair w a s hidden u n d e r the traditional veil. B o t h m e n a n d w o m e n
visited the local public baths for g r o o m i n g w h e r e the m e n ' s h e a d and face w e r e shaved and
The East
w o m e n ' s long hair w a s given a h e n n a rinse.
14
U n m a r r i e d Chinese girls' hair w a s usually w o r n long and braided whilst w o m e n c o m b e d the
hair back from the face and w o u n d into a k n o t at the nape. T h e M a n c h u r e g i m e o f the time
dictated that m e n s h a v e d the front of the h e a d and w o r e the b a c k hair long and braided, tied
with black silk.
China
15
D u e to the m a n y tribal c u s t o m s African hairstyles w e r e m a n y and varied and usually signified
status. M a s a i warriors tied the front hair into sections of tiny braids whilst the back hair w a s
allowed to g r o w to waist length. M a n y tribes dyed the hair w i t h red earth and grease - s o m e even
stiffened it with animal d u n g . O t h e r tribes such as the M i a n g o took a m o r e simple approach,
Africa
covering their l o n g ponytails w i t h a headscarf a n d adorning with leaves.
16
In the 1 5
th
century - T h e R e n a i s s a n c e p e r i o d - the ladies of the u p p e r classes really took
' p l u c k i n g ' to its limit! If y o u think t w e e z i n g the odd e y e b r o w here and there is painful, imagine
yourself p l u c k i n g the entire front hairline a w a y to give the appearance of a higher forehead!
The Western
World
T h e rest of the hair w a s tightly scraped b a c k to show off the elaborate headdresses of the day.
This w a s a practise c o m m o n in E u r o p e .
Where
8
A
w a s n ' t hair generally s h o w n ?
В
w a s hair d o n e a r o u n d a carcass?
C
did it hurt to do w o m e n ' s hair?
D
did both sexes w e a r their hair v e r y short?
E
w e r e w i g s and chignons invented?
F
did the first hairdresser's appear?
G
w e r e p e o p l e ' s hairstyles m o s t diverse?
H
did w o m e n ' s hairstyles d e p e n d on the marital status?
'ҐИСІІІ
J
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) t h e o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y D O C A R S IN S O M E C O U N T R I E S D R I V E O N T H E LEFT SIDE O F T H E R O A D , A N D IN
OTHERS ON THE RIGHT?
T h e custom of driving on the left or right side of the r o a d varies from country to country, and
(17)
. During the 1700s, in E n g l a n d , h o r s e - d r a w n coaches w e r e (18)
c o a c h m e n used to sit o n a seat on the right side of the carriage. If (19)
. British
, the c o a c h m a n ' s w h i p
w o u l d h a v e hit pedestrians strolling along the adj acent sidewalk. B y k e e p i n g to the left, (20)
and
the pedestrians w e r e safe. T h e coach drivers could j u s t as easily h a v e sat on the left side and driven on the right,
but that is not the w a y it turned out.
Cars in France, E n g l a n d ' s neighbor, drive on the right side of the r o a d for (21)
. Eighteenth-
century F r e n c h c o a c h m e n rode o n the left side of the pair of pulling horses, a n d drove o n the left side of
the road. This caused (22)
. T h e y w e r e subsequently ordered to stay to the right to protect
pedestrians.
It m a k e s practically n o difference today w h i c h side o f the r o a d is driven on, as long as e v e r y o n e uses the
same side!
A
the c o a c h m a n had r o o m to use his w h i p
В
the coach traveled down the right side of the road
C
t h e h o r s e s t o p u l l t o t h e left a n d u p o n t o t h e s i d e w a l k
D
this w a s not a major accident at that time
E
its o r i g i n s p r e d a t e t h e invention of the automobile
F
the true story w h i c h h a p p e n e d in the 1 9
G
t h e m a i n m o d e o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n for u r b a n d w e l l e r s
H
reasons also related to the horse and b u g g y
th
century
TASK 5
R e a d and complete the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
G r e e c e w a s , of course, the (23)
cheated w h e n they (24)
o f the O l y m p i c g a m e s and the people of Greece felt
to Sydney the right to stage the M i l l e n n i u m O l y m p i c G a m e s in 2 0 0 0 .
There w a s a belief a m o n g s o m e in the O l y m p i c M o v e m e n t that A t h e n s w a s not able to stage the g a m e s due
to its infrastructure. B u t I suspect that this w a s actually a g o o d (25)
w e r e so enraged that they w e r e (26)
for A t h e n s as the p e o p l e
to p r o v e that not only could they stage a m a z i n g g a m e s
in 2 0 0 4 , but they w o u l d do it in a m o d e r n i z e d and appealing city.
T h e people o f A t h e n s h a d a (27)
to rally around and p r o v e that A t h e n s w a s a First Class
City.
9
'ҐВИЇІІ
'J
In usual G r e e k (28)
though, they did it in such a w a y that the outside w o r l d w a s
convinced that it w o u l d never b e d o n e in time - forgetting that the Greeks usually get things d o n e but in
their o w n time. T h e y did literally finish on t i m e and even w e e k s before the O l y m p i c s some observers w e r e
(29)
chaos.
T h e G r e e k w a y is a m o r e leisurely (30)
to life and to getting things done. The weather,
n o doubt, plays a big part as it is usually glorious, (31)
it does get almost unbearably hot in
m i d summer.
A t h e n s has put in place as a result of the O l y m p i c s m a n y (32)
infrastructure changes w h i c h
m a k e it a better city for a visitor, e.g. the n e w airport w h i c h is m o d e r n and very pleasant to travel through.
23
A
beginners
В
founders
C
explorers
D
discoverers
24
A
missed
В
gave
C
offered
D
lost
25
A
move
В
victory
c
initiative
D
idea
26
A
hard
в
steady
c
determined
D
excited
27
A
motto
в
call
c
time
D
challenge
28
A
type
в
style
c
kind
D
sort
29
A
waiting
в
hoping
c
predicting
D
considering
30
A
way
в
approach
c
opinion
D
treatment
31
A
although
в
even
c
nevertheless
D
moreover
32
A
absolute
в
grand
c
major
D
main
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e apple pie did not originate in A m e r i c a . English colonists brought a taste for the fruit from the Old
World and (33)
planting orchards (34)
early as 1628. D r i e d , raw, and
cooked, the apple found its w a y into n u m e r o u s colonial (35)
A m e r i c a n , not because it (36)
. Apple pie b e c a m e k n o w n as
in A m e r i c a , but because of the a b u n d a n c e of apples in the
orchards of W a s h i n g t o n and N e w York. N o other dessert is (37)
identifiable with A m e r i c a
t h a n apple pie.
10
33
34
35
36
A
have begun
В
had begun
C
begin
D
began
A
as
В
so
C
such
D
since
A
dish
В
dishes
c
dishes'
D
dish's
A
had invented
в
has b e e n
invented
c
w a s invented
D
is being
invented
37
A
most
в
much
c
the m o s t
D
more
K w a n z a , a Swahili word for "(38)
first
A m e r i c a n culture (39)
fruits of the harvest," is a celebration of African-
b y African harvest festivals. T h e celebration (40)
in
A m e r i c a a n d b e g i n s o n D e c e m b e r 26. It lasts for seven days a n d centers o n seven African practices
(41)
, a m o n g others, ideals of unity, self-determination, a n d faith. E a c h evening the family
lights o n e of seven candles, exchanges gifts, and discusses the principle for the day. N e a r the e n d of the holiday
the c o m m u n i t y gathers for a feast a n d enjoys (42)
original culinary dishes.
38
A
-
В
а
C
an
D
the
39
A
inspiring
В
inspired
C
inspires
D
to inspire
40
A
is originating
В
h a d originated
c
originated
D
b e e n originated
41
A
encompassing
в
encompassed
c
have
encompassed
D
are
encompassing
42
A
much
в
a lot
c
many
D
lots
WRITING
43
S o m e days ago y o u went to a concert of your favorite group. Write a letter to y o u r friend in which:
•
tell him/her about your tastes in m u s i c
•
describe the place w h e r e the concert took place and h o w y o u got there
•
c o m m e n t o n the feelings the concert inspired in y o u
•
say w h y attending live performances is m o r e enjoyable t h a n w a t c h i n g s o m e o n TV.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates or addresses.
11
TEST 2
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WAYS OF H O W N O T TO A R G U E
1
. It will m a k e you less defensive a n d allow y o u to analyze statements of other people
deeply. You should attend to others w i t h patience and give a logical approach to the talk. Let another
p e r s o n complete w h a t he/she w a n t s to say. O n c e he/she has finished, give your feedback. T h i s w o u l d
allow both of y o u to lay forward your v i e w point.
2
. If people have b e e n correcting y o u t i m e a n d again, k n o w that there is s o m e p r o b l e m
which lies inside you. A c c e p t that you m a y b e w r o n g or have a problem of a r g u i n g on small issues.
Accepting your w e a k n e s s will strengthen your relationship. A l s o , ask people to help y o u c o p e w i t h the
problem.
3
. Instead of t h i n k i n g about your o w n issues, t r y to see another person's v i e w s , feelings,
state of m i n d , etc. T h i s will help you to talk c a l m l y a n d m a k e your relationship a strong one. After
getting a m e s s a g e from another p e r s o n , your approach will not b e aggressive or offensive.
4
. Be a w a r e of the place and people a r o u n d before h e a d i n g t o w a r d s an a r g u m e n t . A couple
m u s t never involve in the a r g u m e n t in front of their children. It m a y have a b a d i m p a c t on t h e m .
Similarly, indulging in a heated a r g u m e n t in a public place such as a m a l l or c i n e m a hall w o u l d m a k e
people t h i n k of you as uncivilized.
5
. It will exclude negativity from inside and y o u will have a healthy approach t o w a r d s any
issue. If you are positive by nature, you will never get involved in any k i n d of a r g u m e n t . D o not m a k e
excuses and b e truthful. Improve yourself rather t h a n giving explanations all the t i m e .
N o w y o u k n o w h o w not to get involved in any a r g u m e n t . G r a b these w a y s of h o w not to argue to experience a
healthy, h a p p y and loving relationship w i t h each one in your life.
A
Analyze the situation y o u are in
В
N e v e r think y o u are always right
C
D o n ' t b e the first to argue
D
D o n ' t think of the b a d
E
I m p r o v e y o u r listening skills
F
N e v e r hurry to call p e o p l e n a m e s
G
D e v e l o p understanding in yourself
H
D o n ' t hesitate to speak u p your m i n d
15
TASK 2
R e a d t h e t e x t b e l o w . F o r q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В , C , o r D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r sheet.
H O W CAN YOU T E L L W H E N SOMEBODY IS LYING?
Psychologist P a u l E k m a n h a s m a d e a lifetime study of h o w people act w h e n they lie. U s u a l l y they not only
w a n t the hearer to believe the w o r d s they are saying; t h e y also w a n t to cover u p s o m e strong emotion that they
are feeling such as guilt, s h a m e , fear, anger, p a i n , or even pleasure. B y noticing the contradictions b e t w e e n
their w o r d s a n d their behavior, E k m a n found that h e could catch t h e m in the act of lying.
E k m a n concludes that there are four k i n d s of behavior that c a n give a lie away: the liar's w o r d s , voice, body,
and face. H e says that liars t r y hardest to control their w o r d s a n d face, since they a s s u m e that that's w h a t the
listener will b e p a y i n g attention to. Consequently "lie c a t c h e r s " should also p a y close attention to the speaker's
voice a n d b o d y signals, w h i c h h e m a y forget to control.
Obviously m o s t lies are untruthful w o r d s , a n d it's these w o r d s that w e focus on. A c o m m o n p r o b l e m for liars
is k e e p i n g their story straight. A s w e all k n o w , one lie leads to another, a n d before the liar k n o w s it, s o m e o n e
will c o m m e n t , " B u t that's not w h a t y o u said a few m i n u t e s ago." A less c o m m o n but m o r e fatal giveaway is
w h a t ' s called a "slip of the tongue," in w h i c h the liar accidentally tells t h e truth instead of the lie she intended
to tell. Additionally, frequent p a u s e s m a y indicate that she is m a k i n g u p the story as she goes along.
T h e liar's voice c a n also give her away, a n d the voice is m u c h h a r d e r to control t h a n the w o r d s . W h e n telling
a lie, she m a y s p e a k u n u s u a l l y loudly or softly, m a y s p e e d u p or slow d o w n her speech for n o apparent reason.
T h i s can b e b e c a u s e of the emotion she's hiding. T h e voice-clue that seenis to b e the most reliable is that w h e n
people are upset, their voices t e n d to b e c o m e higher. B u t E k m a n points out that vocal changes such as these are
not always signs of lying; they simply indicate strong e m o t i o n w h i c h the p e r s o n m a y b e t r y i n g to conceal.
S o m e b o d y behaviors can b e controlled, but others can't. W h e n telling a lie, a p e r s o n m a y s w a l l o w frequently,
sweat, or breathe faster. G e s t u r e s c a n give her away: n e r v o u s g e s t u r e s , such as s w i n g i n g the foot, scratching or
r u b b i n g p a r t s of the body, or t w i s t i n g the h a i r often increase w h e n a p e r s o n is self-conscious or u n d e r stress.
T h e n o r m a l gestures that usually a c c o m p a n y speech are often u s e d less w h e n s o m e o n e is lying. O r the liar
m a y accidentally u s e a gesture that contradicts her w o r d s , such as n o d d i n g " y e s " while saying " n o . "
6
7
16
A c c o r d i n g to p a r a g r a p h 1 E k m a n could catch p e o p l e lying seeing that
A
they w e r e s h o w i n g intense e m o t i o n s
В
they w e r e hiding their real feelings
C
what they said and did disagreed
D
their behavior w a s unusual
W h i c h of the following is N O T m e n t i o n e d in the p a s s a g e ?
A
A liar tries to keep y o u from seeing his true emotions.
В
Liars m a k e m u c h effort to control their facial expression.
C
The listener should concentrate o n w h a t the speaker says.
D
You can catch a p e r s o n lying if y o u k n o w w h a t to look at.
.
8
9
10
W h i c h of the following is T R U E according to the passage?
A
Liars d o their best to select the right w o r d s .
В
Liars are good at m a k i n g their stories sound logical.
C
Liars take great pains to avoid a "slip of the t o n g u e " .
D
Liars pause frequently to r e m e m b e r the details of the past events.
A c c o r d i n g to paragraph 4 w h e n lying people try to
A
sound nice and k i n d
В
hide their frustration
C
speak faster than usual
D
look reliable to the speaker
B o d y behaviours
.
.
A
are m o r e obvious w h e n people are n e r v o u s
В
depend on a p e r s o n ' s t e m p e r a m e n t
C
give away people's intentions
D
can hardly be checked
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (11—16). T h e r e are t w o choices y o u don't n e e d to use.
M a r k y o u r answers on t h e separate answer sheet.
11
[
Welney Wetland Centre
T h e eco-friendly visitor centre. E n c o u n t e r u p to 9,000 w i l d m i g r a t o r y s w a n s w i t h tens of t h o u s a n d s
of ducks every winter. In s u m m e r i m m e r s e yourself in the tranquility of the Washes a n d m a r v e l at
dragonflies, butterflies a n d wildflowers.
12
T h e G a r d e n s a n d the P a r k
T h e famous 5-acre walled g a r d e n recently w o n the H H A / C h r i s t i e ' s ' G a r d e n of the Year Award'. T h e
G a r d e n is divided into 'rooms', including a spectacular border, formal rose p a r t e r r e w i t h over 150 varieties
of English roses, kitchen g a r d e n , statues, fountains.
17
13
Snettishham Park
We have a w i d e variety of a n i m a l s for you to see a n d touch. O u r p l a y g r o u n d provides a safe yet exciting
place for children aged 7-14. For y o u n g e r visitors w e have a small p l a y g r o u n d and a fleet of very popular
ride-on farm tractors.
14
Colchester
Britain's oldest r e c o r d e d t o w n with m o d e r n shops, cafes and galleries.
Colchester w a s o n c e the R o m a n capital of Britain a n d you can still see the Temple of Claudius, n o w a
h a n d s - o n m u s e u m . Discover this university t o w n w i t h its m i x of b i g - n a m e stores and n a r r o w shopping
streets.
15
L e e Valley R e g i o n a l Park
Enjoy h u n d r e d s of great d a y s out at L e e Valley Regional Park. There's e v e r y t h i n g from j a z z and outdoor
theatre, p h o t o g r a p h y and farm activities to o u r n i n e day festival L o v e L e e Valley. N o w o n d e r four million
people c o m e h e r e each year.
16
Sandy Bottom Nature Park
This 456-acre recreational facility features t w o lakes, w e t l a n d areas, trails for hiking and biking, fishing,
n o n - m o t o r i z e d boating, picnic areas, a c a m p g r o u n d and a beautiful nature center. O p e n 8 a m to sunset,
Tue.s.- Sun. A d m i s s i o n free; fee for rental items.
W h i c h of the places
A
has got a prize?
В
offers boat tours?
C
attracts those w h o love m u s i c ?
D
provides relaxed b e a c h holidays?
E
is good for a family day out?
F
is famous for its historical sights?
G
is for those interested in insects?
H
is for those w h o like an active w a y of life?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) the one w h i c h best fits each space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate answer sheet.
A r t h u r Blissitt of N o r t h Fort M y e r s , Florida, has w a l k e d 33,151 m i l e s . N o t only has h e (17).
h e has carried a 12-foot, 4 0 - p o u n d w o o d e n cross with h i m on the entire journey.
18
Blissitt operated a coffee shop in L o s A n g e l e s , California. O n e day h e decided to place a 12-foot-high cross
on the wall. M a n y patrons w e r e d r a w n to it a n d one e v e n i n g he said that (18)
(19)
.
. H e started w a l k i n g , and he w a l k e d and w a l k e d . H e carried the cross t h r o u g h 277
countries, 49 of t h e m at war, over all 7 continents, to the D e a d Sea, to the top of M o u n t Fuji in Japan, a n d to
the depths of Carlsbad Caverns in N e w Mexico. H e carried the cross t h r o u g h frozen Antarctica, across the
s t e a m i n g D a r i e n j u n g l e from P a n a m a to Colombia, a n d over the hot deserts of Turkey a n d E g y p t . H e even
carried the cross across the P a n a m a and Suez canals.
A l t h o u g h Blissitt's p i l g r i m a g e w a s to spread the w o r d of Jesus, (20)
. H e has b e e n
arrested 2 4 t i m e s and once faced a firing squad. O n C h r i s t m a s Day, 1998, A r t h u r Blissitt (21)
.
It h a d t a k e n h i m almost 30 years to complete his incredible journey. Blissitt has not stopped w a l k i n g , however.
H e n o w plans to (22)
.
A
not everyone has b e e n cordial to h i m
В
on C h r i s t m a s D a y , 1 9 6 9 , B l i s s i t t s t a r t e d h i s p i l g r i m a g e
C
w a l k through the states that h e missed on his original j o u r n e y
D
returned to the place w h e r e h e h a d started 2 9 years before
E
Blissitt walked with a crowd of people
F
G o d told h i m to take the cross to the people
G
he w a s n ' t fond of s o m e of the food given
H
w a l k e d farther t h a n a n y other p e r s o n in the w o r l d
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D). W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e p e r s o n w h o has w o n the most O s c a r s is not (23)
w h o has (24)
for b e i n g a n actor but w a s s o m e o n e
j o y to children of all ages, Walt Disney. D u r i n g his (25)
, Walt
Disney w o n 26 Oscars and 6 special A c a d e m y Awards. H e w a s also only one of the t w o presenters w h o o p e n e d
the envelope to (26)
that h e h a d w o n the O s c a r (the other w a s c o m p o s e r I r v i n g Berlin).
After his death, J a m e s D e a n w a s n o m i n a t e d t w i c e for best actor, o n c e for East of Eden in 1955 a n d once
for Giant in 1956. H e did not w i n (27)
t i m e . In 1941 O r s o n Welles w a s n o m i n a t e d for best
producer, director, actor, and screenwriter. H e only w o n best screenwriter, along w i t h his collaborator, H e r m a n
J. M a n k i e w i c z .
The
Oscar
(29)
is
only
one
of
the
awards
by
the
Academy.
Awards
for
achievements m a y b e a scroll, a m e d a l , or any other design. In 1937 a w o o d e n O s c a r
statuette with a movable j a w w a s (30)
Charlie M c C a r t h y . Walt D i s n e y (31)
he w a s (32)
(28)
for his film Snow
to ventriloquist E d g a r B e r g e n for h i s creation of
a n O s c a r a n d seven m i n i a t u r e statuettes in 1938 w h e n
White and the Seven
Dwarfs.
19
23
А
identified
В
detected
C
known
D
picked
24
А
produced
В
found
C
taken
D
brought
25
А
existence
В
lifetime
c
biography
D
job
26
А
count on
в
look for
c
agree w i t h
D
find out
27
А
either
в
every
c
all
D
each
28
А
given out
в
given in
c
given b a c k
D
given forth
29
А
ordinary
в
exact
c
popular
D
special
ЗО
А
presented
в
offered
c
shown
D
handed
31
А
greeted
в
saw
c
obtained
D
received
32
А
respected
в
honored
c
accepted
D
paid
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D).
W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
STONEHENGE
Stonehenge
is
Britain's
greatest
national
icon,
(33)
mystery.
Its
original
p u r p o s e is unclear to u s , but some have speculated that it w a s a temple or a n astronomical observatory.
(34)
claim that it w a s a sacred site for the burial of h i g h - r a n k i n g citizens.
T h e question of w h o built Stonehenge is largely u n a n s w e r e d . Julius C a e s a r told of a Celtic
priesthood w h o flourished a r o u n d the t i m e of their first conquest (55 BC). B y this t i m e , t h o u g h , the stones
(35)
there for 2,000 years.
T h e best g u e s s s e e m s to b e that the Stonehenge site (36)
Neolithic period. T h e s e " n e w " people, (37)
b y the people of the late
B e a k e r Folk b e c a u s e of their use of p o t t e r y
d r i n k i n g vessels, b e g a n to use m e t a l implements.
33
A
symbolizes
В
symbolize
C
symbolized
D
symbolizing
34
A
Another
В
Others
C
Other
D
The other
35
A
h a d stood
В
has stood
C
w a s stood
D
stood
36
A
have been begun
в
was begun
C
has b e g u n
D
began
37
A
call
в
are called
c
called
D
w e r e called
W H A T IS T H E D I F F E R E N C E B E T W E E N « B R A V E R Y » A N D « C O U R A G E » ?
(38)
b r a v e r y and courage are acts of valor a n d (39)
a certain strength
a n d fearlessness. T h e r e is, however, a subtle difference in m e a n i n g b e t w e e n the t w o w o r d s .
20
Courage
c o m e s from the French w o r d coeur,
(40)
m e a n i n g heart. It is a quality of character that allows s o m e o n e
t h r o u g h w i t h a difficult (41)
h a n d , c o m e s from the Spanish word bravado,
plan of action. Bravery,
on the other
m e a n i n g a single or spontaneous act of valor. It is not p l a n n e d ,
but rather a knee-jerk reaction that often occurs w i t h i n a (42)
.
38
A
As
В While
C
Both
D Either
39
A
implies
В imply
C
are implied
D has implied
40
A
carry
В carrying
c
to carry
D carries
41
A
premeditated
В premeditate
c
being p r e m e d i t a t e d
D been premeditated
42
A
crisis
в
c
crisis's
D crises
crisis'
WRITING
43
You h a v e j u s t turned 18 and are thinking o f getting a driving license. Yesterday y o u c a m e across an
advertisement of a Driving School located in your n e i g h b o u r h o o d . Write a letter to the School m a n a g e r in
which:
•
give the reason for y o u r w r i t i n g
•
ask about the duration and the price of the course
•
ask about the instructors and the cars available
•
ask for a brochure w i t h detailed information.
Write a letter of at least 100 words.
D o not write any dates or addresses.
21
TEST З
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
British schoolchildren sit u p to 70 e x a m s a n d tests before they reach their G C S E s . B u t there are w a y s to
ease the stress at e x a m t i m e .
1
W h a t a child eats and drinks in the r u n - u p to e x a m s can influence h o w clearly they think and h o w
h a p p y they feel. A b a l a n c e d diet w i t h lots o f fruit and vegetables, fish and c o m p l e x carbohydrates
such as b r o w n bread and b e a n s will h e l p t h e m concentrate and think clearly. Too m u c h high-fat,
high-sugar and high-caffeine food a n d drink such as cola, chips, burgers and chocolate can m a k e
studying harder.
2
_
Sleeping well a n d for long e n o u g h to feel rested, a r o u n d six to eight h o u r s for m o s t people, will
help thinking and concentration. A l l o w half an hour or so f o f k i d s to w i n d d o w n b e t w e e n studying,
w a t c h i n g T V or using a c o m p u t e r a n d going to b e d to help t h e m get a g o o d night's sleep. R e g u l a r
exercise also helps t h e m sleep better. C r a m m i n g all night before an e x a m is usually a b a d idea.
3
Parentline Plus advises parents to b e flexible a r o u n d e x a m time. W h e n a child is revising all day
d o n ' t w o r r y about h o u s e h o l d j o b s that are left u n d o n e or untidy b e d r o o m s . Staying c a l m yourself
if t h e y ' r e a bit m o o d y can help. H e l p a child to revise b y m a k i n g sure they h a v e s o m e w h e r e
comfortable to study.
4
R e m i n d your child that feeling n e r v o u s is n o r m a l . N e r v o u s n e s s is a typical reaction to e x a m s , says
teachernet. All students will feel it. T h e k e y is to put these nerves to positive use. B e i n g r e m i n d e d
of w h a t they d o k n o w and the t i m e they h a v e put into study can help t h e m feel confident that they
can reach their potential.
5
Support group Childline p r o d u c e s a h a n d y leaflet o n beating e x a m stress. " K e e p things in
perspective," says R o s a n n e Pearce, a senior supervisor. "Listen to children, give support and avoid
criticism." Before they g o i n for a test or e x a m , b e reassuring a n d positive. After each e x a m ,
encourage a child to talk it t h r o u g h w i t h you. T h e n m o v e o n and focus o n the next test, rather than
dwelling on things that c a n ' t b e changed.
25
А
Concentrate on the future
В
D o n ' t add to the pressure
С
Get rid of phobias
D
D o n ' t raise y o u r voice
Е
Provide p r o p e r nutrition
F
M a k e u s e of medications
G
R e m e m b e r about natural anxiety
Н
E n c o u r a g e p r o p e r relaxation
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C, or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TEA
W h i l e tea dates b a c k almost 5,000 years to ancient C h i n a , Great Britain w a s one of the last of the sea-faring
nations to b e introduced to it. B y 1650 A m e r i c a n s w e r e already d r i n k i n g tea, yet because of the Cromwellian
Civil Wars, the first tea sample did not reach E n g l a n d until approximately 1652-1654. Tea quickly replaced
ale as the national d r i n k of England. In 1699, E n g l i s h m e n w e r e d r i n k i n g only 4 0 , 0 0 0 p o u n d s of tea a year. B y
1709 the a n n u a l average w a s 240,000 p o u n d s ! T h e price r e m a i n e d artificially h i g h due to trade monopolies.
B y the 1800s tea rivaled b e e r in popularity, even a m o n g s t the poor. It w a s a hot item to w a r m the often cold
m e a l s of the needful, a n d boiling the w a t e r m a d e it a safe'drink.
Tea soon b e c a m e a c u s t o m in English h o u s e h o l d s — f r o m middle-class family teas to upper-class "At
H o m e " events. It served to satisfy the stomach b e t w e e n the t w o o'clock luncheon a n d the eight o'clock dinner.
A 'family' tea included such foods as sardines, p o t t e d meats and muffins. Tea w a s b r e w e d b y the mistress,
the butler and footmen h a v i n g brought her the n e c e s s a r y tools—silver tea caddy, teapot, kettle and heater, a n d
teacups.
AT H O M E T E A S
"At H o m e " teas in the upper-class establishments w e r e social events, often b y invitation only. T h e y w e r e
a chance for ladies and gentlemen (the few males w h o attended) to exchange gossip, plan future soirees and b e
introduced to n e w acquaintances. A hostess h a d to b e v e r y careful about the latter, however. She could only
introduce a lady to another if both parties w i s h e d for it.
Guests arrived from a q u a r t e r past four until half past five. A t the height of the Social Season, the m o s t
pressed ladies usually only stayed for a q u a r t e r of a n hour, as they w e r e o n their w a y to another 'five o'clock
tea.' C a k e s , t h i n b r e a d and butter, fruits a n d sandwiches c o m p r i s e d the food, w h i l e big silver u r n s dispensed
tea a n d coffee.
In early Victorian days, sandwiches w e r e m a d e only of h a m , t o n g u e or beef. T h e hostess presided over
a small side table near the m a i n buffet. She w o u l d never t h i n k of serving ice c r e a m s or water ices in tall ice
glasses. Rather, ice plates a n d paper cups w e r e used. A n d the guests reciprocated good m a n n e r s b y never
a s k i n g for a n alternative beverage other t h a n w h a t the hostess h a d provided.
26
6
A c c o r d i n g to paragraph 1
.
A
tea w a s brought to E n g l a n d from N o r t h A m e r i c a
В
the use of tea increased sixfold in ten years
C
tea soon b e c a m e as popular as ale
D
the poor didn't have their food hot
7
It is stated in p a r a g r a p h 2 that
8
.
A
in English families tea w a s m a d e b y servants
В
having tea w a s m o r e than a family gathering
C
a 'family' tea was served with various sweets
D
a ' f a m i l y ' tea replaced regular dinner
T h e author D O E S N ' T say that
9
A
ladies w e r e s e l d o m introduced to gentlemen
В
ladies u s e d to visit several tea parties a day
C
' A t H o m e ' teas c o u l d n ' t b e visited freely
D
drinks were accompanied by snacks
A c c o r d i n g to the passage
10
.
,
.
A
the hostess's place w a s b y the sideboard
В
the choice of sandwiches w a s rather p o o r
C
the choice of proper cups w a s important
D
the guests w e r e free to order a drink
It can b e inferred from the passage that
.
A
in the 1 8 century r a w water w a s dangerous
В
' A t H o m e ' teas lasted approximately an hour
C
tea w a s expensive because it w a s brought from afar
D
in u p p e r classes households tea w a s served in silver cups
th
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (11—16). T h e r e are t w o choices you don't n e e d to use.
W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
Museum
of the Early Middle
Ages
Viale Lincoln, 3. Tel. 0654228199. Opening hours: 9a.m. -1.30 p . m . Closed M o n d a y s . A d m i s s i o n : € 1 ,
reduced € 1 .
Items from the late Antiquity and from the early M i d d l e A g e s .
27
12
Central Museum
of the Italian
"Risorgimento
"
C o m p l e s s o del Vittoriano, Via San Pietro in Carcere.
Tel. 0 6 6 7 9 3 5 2 6 . www.risorgimento.it
O p e n i n g h o u r s : 9.30 a.m. - 6.30 p . m . Closed on the first M o n d a y of the m o n t h . A d m i s s i o n : free.
The great
telling
inside
the Vittoriano
host over 500 works
of the unification
rooms
of Italy from
the beginning
War. Historical
documentaries
are subtitled
in
of art, old photographs,
of the 19th century
relics and
to the end of the First
arms
World
English.
13
Wax
Museum
Piazza S.S. Apostoli, 67. Tel. 0 6 6 7 9 6 4 8 2 .
Opening hours: 9 a.m. - 8 p.m. Admission: €8, reduced €6. 110 statues of celebrities.
14
National
Museum
Via Merulana, 2 4 8 . Tel. 0 6 4 6 9 7 4 8 3 1 . O p e n i n g h o u r s : Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, 9 a.m. — 2 p.m.,
Thursday, Saturday, S u n d a y and holidays, 9 a.m. -7.30 p.m., closed M o n d a y s . A d m i s s i o n : € 6 , r e d u c e d € ~ .
Material from excavations in the M i d d l e and Far East.
15
National
Museum
of Popular
Art and
Traditions
Piacca M a r c o n i , 8. Tel. 0 6 5 9 2 6 1 4 8 .
O p e n i n g h o u r s : Tuesday- Sunday 9 a.m. — 8 p . m . Closed M o n d a y s . A d m i s s i o n : € 4 , reduced € 2 .
C o s t u m e s and aspects of the traditional Italian life.
16
The Virginia War
Museum
See one o f the nation's largest collections of military posters, plus uniforms, insignia, w e a p o n s , vehicles,
and p h o t o g r a p h s — a collection of m o r e than 60,000 artifacts from 1775 to the present: U . S . military
history c o m e s out of the history b o o k in this visually exciting m u s e u m filled with military memorabilia.
247-8523. Admission: €8
In w h i c h of the m u s e u m s w i l l you
A see a fascinating collection of watercolors?
В see various exhibits of a yery great age?
C see the m o d e l e d i m a g e s of famous p e o p l e ?
D learn m o r e about Oriental cultures?
E
learn about the customs of the country?
F
see A m e r i c a n a r m s a n d c o m b a t pictures?
G learn h o w the country w a s united?
H learn h o w the country w a s ruled in the M i d d l e A g e s ?
28
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits each space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e your answers on the separate answer sheet.
A l e x a n d e r G r a h a m B e l l invented the telephone in 1876—right? Well, actually, a G e r m a n schoolteacher
m a n a g e d to do it fifteen years before Bell, (17)
.
In 1860 Philip Reis rigged u p what (18)
.
T h i s i n s t r u m e n t w a s built from an improbable a s s o r t m e n t of items: a violin, a knitting needle, a n ear
carved in w o o d , even a piece of sausage. " I s u c c e e d e d in inventing an a p p a r a t u s b y w h i c h ...one can r e p r o d u c e
sounds of all k i n d s at any desired distance....I n a m e d the i n s t r u m e n t [the] 'telephone.'"
It w o r k e d — b u t poorly. So Reis kept t i n k e r i n g w i t h it. H e h o o k e d u p a w i r e b e t w e e n his w o r k s h o p
and the school, w h i c h c o n v i n c e d his students that h e w a s using the telephone to eavesdrop on t h e m .
(19)
.
and his m o d e l s b e c a m e m o r e a n d more sophisticated.
Eventually Reis sent s o m e improved m o d e l s of his telephone to scientists a r o u n d the world. T h e y could
t r a n s m i t music fairly well,
(20)
. "Single w o r d s w e r e perceptible indistinctly," said one
listener. N o b o d y s e e m e d v e r y impressed.
M o s t scientists at the t i m e r e g a r d e d the Reis telephone as little m o r e t h a n a toy. C r u s h e d , (21)
,
and died of tuberculosis in 1874. Two years later, A l e x a n d e r G r a h a m Bell filed the patent that e a r n e d h i m the
glory a n d (22)
.
A
but speech came out garbled at best
В
he worked on his telephone for several years
C
financial rewards of telephone invention
D
he tried to build a better telegraph
E
but he didn't have very good PR
F
it w a s of n o importance in a business light
G
he described as an "artificial ear"
H
he a b a n d o n e d w o r k on it
TASK 5
R e a d and complete the text below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D). W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H E R E DID W E GET T H E N A M E S OF T H E DAYS OF T H E W E E K ?
Early E n g l a n d w a s a m u c h - c o n q u e r e d country. T h e R o m a n s a n d Saxons w e r e t w o of the conquerors w h o
left their (23)
w e e k h a d R o m a n n a m e s (24)
o n the development of the English language. Originally, all the days of the
the planets. T h e R o m a n s (25)
that the first
hour of each day w a s ruled b y a different planet, and the days of the w e e k w e r e n a m e d accordingly. After the
29
Saxon invasions certain days w e r e r e n a m e d for Teutonic gods. T h e n a m e (26)
of the days of
the w e e k are listed below:
Sunday is an English translation of the Latin " S u n ' s Day," the old Teutonic people's (27)
of the sun. Monday
is from the A n g l o - S a x o n " M o n a n - d a e g , " (28)
day
M o o n ' s Day. Tuesday
n a m e d in (29)
of the Teutonic god Tiw, the son of W o d e n . Wednesday
s u p r e m e Teutonic g o d Woden.
Thursday
Friday
is
is n a m e d after the
is n a m e d for W o d e n ' s son, Thor, god of t h u n d e r a n d lightning.
is from the A n g l o - S a x o n "Frigg-daeg," n a m e d to honor Frigg, the wife of W o d e n and the goddess of
m a r r i a g e a n d love. Saturday
(30)
is from the A n g l o - S a x o n "Saeter-daeg", and n a m e d for the R o m a n god of Saturn,
a d a y of b a d o m e n .
T h e Q u a k e r s and m o r e m o d e r n Israelis have a m o r e exact, less pagan-(31)
n a m i n g the days. T h e y (32)
system for
call t h e m first day, second day, third day, etc. T h e Q u a k e r s are
v e r y practical, if not v e r y romantic.
23
A
brand
В
mark
C
note
D
feature
24
A
representing
В
expressing
C
showing
D
acting
25
A
understood
В
believed
c
learned
D
heard
26
A
foundations
в
origins
c
reasons
D
births
27
A
favorite
в
preferred
c
sacred
D
chosen
28
A
formulating
в
intending
c
planning
D
meaning
29
A
fame
в
honor
c
respect
D
praise
30
A
considered
в
imagined
c
accepted
D
dreamt
31
A
powered
в
modified
c
impressed
D
influenced
32
A
absolutely
в
really
c
simply
D
totally
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D).
W r i t e your answers on the separate answer sheet.
TELEPHONE
In a p e r i o d w h e n several inventors (33)
t o w a r d m o r e effective c o m m u n i c a t i o n b y
w i r e , A l e x a n d e r Bell, a teacher of the deaf, c a m e in first w i t h his invention of the telephone. It w a s his
fascination w i t h the h u m a n ear, especially the w a y sound waves cause the soft m e m b r a n e of the e a r d r u m
(34)
, that led h i m to believe that voices could b e sent mechanically. T h e patent w a s granted
(35)
M a r c h 7, 1876. T h r e e days later, Bell's assistant b e c a m e the first p e r s o n to receive a
phone call. Bell, w h o (36)
acid o n his clothes, called over the p h o n e , " M r Watson, c o m e
here. I w a n t you."
Just over a year (37)
30
, the first telephone line w a s installed.
33
А
have worked
В
had worked
C
work
D
were working
34
А
vibrate
В
to vibrate
C
vibrated
D
vibrates
35
А
on
В
at
c
in
D
since
36
А
spilled
в
w a s spilling
c
has spilled
D
h a d spilled
37
А
lately
в
late
c
latest
D
later
W H Y DO MILITARY UNIFORMS OFTEN HAVE BUTTONS UP THE CUFF OF THE
SLEEVE?
A c c o r d i n g to legend, the a n s w e r dates b a c k to the t i m e of Napoleon. (38)
e m p e r o r w a s quite
a snappy dresser and a perfectionist w h e n it c a m e to the a p p e a r a n c e of his (39)
sight of soldiers (40)
. H e hated the
their noses on the sleeves of their uniforms. (41)
n a s t y habit, h e h a d large buttons (42) _
this
onto the u n i f o r m sleeves.
Have you ever tried to w i p e your nose on a sleeve full of brass buttons? N o t a pleasant experience, but still
preferable to a trip to the guillotine for disobeying orders.
38
A
The
В
А
C
-
D
An
39
A
man
В
men
C
man's
D
men's
40
A
to w i p e
В
wipe
C
wiping
D
were wiping
41
A
To d i s c o u r a g e
в
То b e d i s c o u r a g i n g
c
Having discouraged
D
Discourage
42
A
w e r e sewing
в
sewing
c
sewn
D
b e e n sewn
WRITING
43
Your penfriend w o u l d like to try snowboarding, but i s n ' t sure he/she will succeed as he/she h a s n ' t d o n e
m u c h sport before. Write a letter in which:
explain that s n o w b o a r d i n g can b e quite risky
•
tell about other w i n t e r sports
•
advise to start w i t h j o i n i n g a g y m
•
tell about your latest visit to the skating rink.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not w r i t e any dates or addresses.
31
TEST 4
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
5 WAYS TO FIGHT DEPRESSION
If y o u feel depressed, it's best to d o s o m e t h i n g about it — depression doesn't j u s t go a w a y on its o w n . In
addition to getting help from a doctor or therapist, here are 5 things y o u can d o to feel better.
1
Take a 15- to 30-minute brisk w a l k every day — or dance, j o g , or b i k e if y o u prefer. People w h o are
depressed m a y not feel m u c h like b e i n g active. B u t m a k e yourself d o it a n y w a y (ask a friend to exercise
with y o u if y o u need to b e motivated). O n c e y o u get in the exercise habit, it w o n ' t take long to notice
a difference in your m o o d .
2
D e p r e s s i o n can affect appetite. O n e p e r s o n m a y not feel like eating at all, b u t another m i g h t overeat. If depression has affected y o u r eating, y o u ' l l need to b e extra mindful of getting the right nourishment. P r o p e r
nutrition can influence a p e r s o n ' s m o o d and energy. So eat plenty of fruits and vegetables and get regular
meals (even if y o u d o n ' t feel hungry, try to eat something light, like a piece of fruit, to k e e p y o u going).
3
Try to identify any situations that h a v e contributed to your depression. W h e n you k n o w w h a t ' s got y o u
feeling blue and why, talk about it with a caring friend. Talking is a w a y to release the feelings and to receive s o m e understanding. If there's n o one to tell, p o u r i n g y o u r heart out to a j o u r n a l w o r k s just as well.
O n c e y o u air out these t h o u g h t s and feelings, turn y o u r attention to something positive.
4
With depression, a p e r s o n ' s creativity a n d sense of fun m a y s e e m blocked. Take time to play with a friend
or a pet, or d o something funny for yourself. Find something to laugh about —- a funny m o v i e , p e r h a p s .
Laughter helps lighten your m o o d .
5
Depression affects a p e r s o n ' s thoughts, m a k i n g everything s e e m dismal, negative, and hopeless. If depression has y o u noticing only the negative, m a k e an effort to notice the g o o d things in life. Try to notice one
thing, then try to think of one m o r e . Consider y o u r strengths, gifts, or blessings. M o s t o f all, d o n ' t forget
to b e patient w i t h yourself. D e p r e s s i o n takes t i m e to heal.
35
To fight depression one should
.
A be highly motivated
В consult a g o o d psychiatrist
C r e m e m b e r to eat healthily
D try different kinds of physical activities
E look on the bright side
F try to m a k e aS m a n y friends as possible
G not forget to h u m o u r oneself
H try to find s o m e o n e to share his/her p r o b l e m s with
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В, C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A c c o r d i n g to legend, M a r c o P o l o brought the secrets of ice c r e a m with h i m from the Orient, together with
a lot of other savories. T h e r e is, however, n o p r o o f of that,,although there is some evidence that the Chinese
indulged in iced drinks a n d desserts, w h i c h gives s o m e weight to the M a r c o Polo theory.
T h e Chinese did, however, teach A r a b traders h o w to c o m b i n e syrups and snow, to m a k e an early version
of the sherbet. A r a b traders p r o c e e d e d to show Venetians, then R o m a n s , h o w t o m a k e this frozen delight.
T h e E m p e r o r N e r o w a s quite fond of p u r e e d fruit, sweetened w i t h honey, and then m i x e d with snow - so
m u c h so that he h a d special cold r o o m s built underneath the imperial residence in order to store snow. In the
1500s, Catherine de M e d i c i brought the concept of the sorbet to the French, w h o w e r e soon to m a k e a great
i m p r o v e m e n t o n it.
A s y o u m u s t h a v e noted, the above are frozen desserts, not ice cream. That invention awaited the d e v e l o p m e n t
of the custard, then the discovery that freezing it w o u l d create a heavenly dessert. This notable event occurred
in 1775 in France, and w a s shortly followed b y the invention of an ice cream m a c h i n e , w h i c h did a m u c h better
j o b of creating a light and fluffy frozen custard than beating b y h a n d could do.
T h o m a s Jefferson, w h o imitated N e r o in having a special cold r o o m for storing snow, provided us with the
first recipe for ice c r e a m found in the U n i t e d States. N o t to b e outdone, George Washington invested in one of
the ice c r e a m m a c h i n e s .
Until 1 8 5 1 , ice cream (or, m o r e frequently, cream ice) w a s solely m a d e at h o m e . B u t a daring m a n from
Baltimore, n a m e d Jacob Fussell.changed all that by opening the first ice c r e a m factory.
N e a r the turn o f the century, the ice c r e a m soda w a s created, although b y w h o seems to be in question - either
J a m e s W. Tuff or R o b e r t Green. It does s e e m to have b e e n d o n e b y accident, however, a scoop of ice cream
falling in a glass of flavored soda water. A t any rate, the drink b e c a m e a national craze, a n d m a n y a girl and b o y
w e n t courting oyer an ice c r e a m soda. So many, in fact, that m a n y municipalities passed laws forbidding the
sale of soda water on Sunday. Quickly afterwards, the ' s u n d a e ' w a s invented - it contained ice cream, syrup,
a n d w h i p p e d c r e a m of the soda, but without the evil influence of soda water. N u m e r o u s variations existed.
T h e next ice c r e a m craze c a m e w i t h the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis. Charles
M e n c h e s w a s doing a lively business selling scoops of ice c r e a m in dishes, all the w a y u p to the point that
h e ran out o f dishes. Frustrated, but determined to still find a w a y to m a k e a profit, he lighted u p o n his friend
Ernest H a m w i , w h o w a s selling a wafer-like cookie called zalabia (a Syrian treat). T h e combination p r o v e d
irresistible.
36
W h i c h of the following is T R U E according to the passage?
A
T h e first ice c r e a m w a s m a d e of snow.
В
M a r c o P o l o added savories to ice cream.
C
T h e Chinese taught the Italians to m a k e ice cream.
D
Frenchmen played a great role in developing ice cream.
It is stated in the passage that
.
A
N e r o kept snow in a special b a s e m e n t
В
Catherine de Medici w a s fond of frozen desserts
C
T h o m a s Jefferson created the first ice cream recipe
D
George Washington invented a device for m a k i n g ice c r e a m
It is N O T m e n t i o n e d in the passage that
9
10
.
A
the M a r c o P o l o version m a y b e a fiction
В
b i g a m o u n t s o f ice c r e a m and soda are unhealthy
C
p e o p l e used to c o m b i n e snow w i t h various ingredients
D
m a n y great people h a v e something to do w i t h the d e v e l o p m e n t of ice c r e a m
It can b e inferred from the passage that
.
A
p e o p l e prefer fluffy ice cream
В
ice c r e a m developed from p u r e e d fruit
C
the history of ice c r e a m has h a d several p e a k s
D
h o m e m a d e ice c r e a m is tastier than industrially m a d e
Charles M e n c h e s
.
A
m a d e profit in 1900
В
liked Syrian cookies
C
w a s upset not to be able to sell ice cream
D
d i d n ' t h a v e time to w a s h the dishes for his ice c r e a m
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
11
William & Mary Bookstore
106 J a m e s t o w n Road/221-2480
F A X (757) 221-2498
T h i s college b o o k s t o r e offers a w i d e selection of authorized insignia clothing, caps, souvenirs and gifts.
L a r g e general b o o k section in addition to textbooks, website: w w w b k s t o r e . c o n L / w m
37
12
Soccer M a i n e a
Patriot Plaza
3044 Richmond Road/565-0384
N o w o p e n at Patriot Plaza in W i l l i a m s b u r g , this store h a s e v e r y t h i n g y o u n e e d for soccer, lacrosse, field
h o c k e y a n d m o r e . Featuring the largest selection of athletic sportswear available anywhere. E x p e r i e n c e the
Soccer M a i n e a difference today!
13
R a c k R o o m Shoes
W i l l i a m s b u r g Outlet M a l l / 5 6 5 - 0 3 8 9
Welcome to the world of b r a n d - n a m e shoes! Save u p to 4 0 % off m o s t retailers' prices on b r a n d - n a m e shoes
for the entire family. Style, selection a n d value...you get it all here!
14
W i l l i a m s b u r g D r u g Co.
4 4 0 D u k e of Gloucester Street/229-1041
O p e r a t i n g continuously since 1895, this store represents a n old-fashioned d r u g store w i t h all the amenities
of a m o d e m p h a r m a c y . W h e t h e r it b e a fine cigar, souvenirs or a selection from their soda fountain, you
will b e a m a z e d at the quality a n d scope of their m e r c h a n d i s e .
15
W i l l i a m s b u r g Pavilion Shops
(600 R i c h m o n d Rd. (Rt. 60W.)
L o c a t e d o n heavily traveled R i c h m o n d R o a d , they offer a u n i q u e o p p o r t u n i t y to purchase the finest gifts
and h o m e furnishings at reasonable prices. Five m i n u t e s west of colonial Williamsburg.
16
W i l l i a m s b u r g H o u s e of Crafts 6965 R i c h m o n d R o a d / 5 6 4 - 0 3 0 8
" T h i s is the best place to shop in W i l l i a m s b u r g " is h e a r d frequently here. Six r o o m s display crafters'
h a n d m a d e items, folk art, floral designs, w o o d w o r k i n g , decorative clothing, jewelry, baskets and m u c h
more. A delightful m i x of handcrafted items a n d friendly service. L o c a t e d 1/4 m i l e w e s t of the Pottery.
O p e n daily at 9am. B u s e s are w e l c o m e !
H e r e you c a n b u y
.
A the best m e d i c i n e
В j e w e l r y and souvenirs
C items p r o d u c e d not b y m a c h i n e
D things for your household
E
literature o n different subjects
F
different brands o f footwear
G b a g s and accessories
H any sports e q u i p m e n t
38
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A - H ) the one w h i c h best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u do not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
FIRST COMPUTER
(17)
w h e n a B r i t i s h m a t h e m a t i c i a n n a m e d Charles B a b b a g e d r e a m e d u p the idea of
a m e c h a n i c a l calculator. H e called it a "difference e n g i n e . " L i k e the railroad, (18)
.
It took B a b b a g e ten years to build j u s t one section of his difference engine. W h e n it w a s c o m p l e t e d ,
(19)
. B u t e v e n as h e w a s w o r k i n g o n the difference e n g i n e h e c o n c e i v e d o f s o m e t h i n g e v e n
m o r e ambitious: a m a c h i n e that could be p r o g r a m m e d with p u n c h cards to perform e v e n the most c o m p l e x
calculations. In other w o r d s , a m e c h a n i c a l computer.
B a b b a g e m a d e h u n d r e d s of d r a w i n g s o u t l i n i n g h i s n e w idea. H e e n v i s i o n e d that this "analytical e n g i n e "
w o u l d be about as big and heavy as a small l o c o m o t i v e , (20)
. It w o u l d b e able to add or
subtract forty-digit n u m b e r s in a few seconds, and multiply similarly large n u m b e r s in about t w o minutes.
(21)
, since this w a s a m o r e than h u n d r e d years before the first electronic c o m p u t e r w a s
created. (22)
to create the c o m p l e x m a c h i n e . H e did, however, develop other m o r e practical
things, including something for those newfangled railroad locomotives.
A
p e o p l e m a r v e l e d at its sophistication
В
B a b b a g e w a s a bit ahead of his time
C
it w a s designed to operate by steam
D
it b e c a m e m o r e and m o r e c o m p l e x
E
c o n t a i n i n g t h o u s a n d s of finely m a c h i n e d g e a r s
F
technology w a s not far e n o u g h advanced
G
it contained ten t h o u s a n d v a c u u m tubes
H
r a i l r o a d s w e r e still b r a n d - n e w in 1822
TASK 5
R e a d and c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
^ _
Bathing w a s (23)
not only to k e e p people clean but also w a s involved in religious and
magic rituals. Bathing w a s an ablution to (24)
the invisible stains acquired b y touching the
dead, committing crimes, or touching a diseased person.
A l t h o u g h h o m e s in the Indus valley of Pakistan w e r e (25)
B.C., the use of baths as a (26)
R o m a n s . R o m a n bath houses w e r e public ( 2 7 ) _ _
with b a t h r o o m s as early as 3 0 0 0
of k e e p i n g clean w a s introduced m u c h later b y the ancient
that often included g a m e s , libraries, and stalls
where goods were sold. T h e baths w e r e w a r m , hot, and cold, and a R o m a n (28)
successively. T h e daily visit to the bath house w a s one of R o m e ' s (29)
each one
.
39
Over
time,
people
(30)
discovered
that
bathing
could
prevent
disease,
and
it
became
a
very
affair. In fact the b a t h r o o m today is a personal sanctuary w h e r e one can escape from the
h u b b u b of life, other p e o p l e , a n d even d o s o m e reading.
P e o p l e in the U n i t e d States consider a daily b a t h to b e (31)
. However, they usually take a
shower to get clean and use the bathtub m a i n l y for relaxation, w h i c h is not too different from t h e rituals used
thousands of years ago. (32)
a s h o w e r can b e invigorating a n d refreshing, b u t soaking in a
bathtub full of w a r m water, surrounded b y candles, can b e a ritualistic event.
23
A
desired
В
introduced
C
intended
D
recommended
24
A
wash
В
hide
C
leave
D
remove
25
A
equipped
В
supported
c
protected
D
occupied
26
A
means
в
try
c
practice
D
manner
27
A
dwellings
в
locations
c
places
D
regions
28
A
joined
в
entered
c
examined
D
offered
29
A
exercises
в
duties
c
tasks
D
amusements
30
A
secret
в
specific
c
surprising
D
private
31
A
essential
в
exciting
c
ambitious
D
prestigious
32
A
Having
в
Enjoying
c
Taking
D
Getting
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of t h e e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y IS A H O R S E S H O E T H O U G H T T O B E G O O D L U C K ?
A (33)
c h a r m c o m e s from the legend of St. Dunstan, w h o , because o f his talent as a
blacksmith, (34)
.
b y the devil to s h o e his cloven hoof. St. D u n s t a n agreed, but in c a r r y i n g o u t
the task, h e c a u s e d the devil s u c h p a i n that h e w a s a b l e to m a k e h i m ( 3 5 )
a h o u s e that has a horseshoe (36)
horseshoe (37)
n e v e r to e n t e r
a b o v e the doorway. T h u s , from the M i d d l e A g e s on, the
_ _ _ g o o d luck.
33
A
horseshoe's
В
horseshoe
C
horseshoes
D
horseshoes'
34
A
asked
В
has b e e n asked
C
h a d b e e n asked
D
w a s asked
35
A
to p r o m i s e
В
promise
c
promising
D
be p r o m i s e d
36
A
is hanging
в
being hung
c
has b e e n h u n g
D
hanging
37
A
has considered
в
has b e e n
considered
c
is considered
D
h a d b e e n considered
40
A MELTING РОТ
T h e t e r m melting pot is (38)
associated w i t h the U n i t e d States. T h e U n i t e d States is
a melting pot of people from different cultures a n d races. W h i l e A m e r i c a n English is generally standard,
A m e r i c a n speech can (39)
a c c o r d i n g to w h a t p a r t of the c o u n t r y y o u are in. C e r t a i n traits a n d
personalities are c o n n e c t e d w i t h certain regions. W e s t e r n e r s are k n o w n as (40)
of A m e r i c a n s ,
and
the
(41)
most
tolerant
of
change
and
differences.
traditional
Midwesterners
are
known
for
honest, straightforward people of traditional values. T h e southwest h a s h a d t h e least
influence by E u r o p e a n i m m i g r a n t s . M u c h of its culture (42)
b y native A m e r i c a n s a n d b y
Spanish. Southerners are k n o w n for their hospitality. T h e N o r t h e a s t is well k n o w n for its culture w i t h excellent
theaters a n d m u s e u m s .
38
A
strong
В
stronger
C
strongest
D
strongly
39
A
b e differed
В
b e differing
C
to differ
D
differ
40
A
least
В
the least
c
the less
D
little
41
A
to b e
в
be
c
being
D
been
42
A
has b e e n defined
в
h a d defined
c
defined
D
is defining
WRITING
43
Your British pen-friend has j u s t returned from a w e e k ' s trip to the L a k e District and writes to share his
impressions w i t h you. Write to y o u r pen-friend about the p l a c e y o u w o u l d like to visit. D w e l l on:
•
w h e r e this place is
•
h o w y o u c a n get there
•
w h y y o u w a n t t o visit it
•
w h i c h souvenirs y o u w o u l d like to buy.
Write a letter o f at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write a n y dates and addresses.
41
TEST 5
TASK 1
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u don't n e e d to use.
W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
H a v i n g definite objectives will help y o u to w o r k t o w a r d s y o u r goals. B r e a k t h e m d o w n into smaller ones as
y o u w o r k towards y o u r ultimate goals. It is m u c h better than having everything going r o u n d in your h e a d
and being unsure w h e t h e r y o u are actually carrying out y o u r plans.
K e e p abreast of what your competitors are doing. M a n y times I talk to people w h o are in business and yet
h a v e n o idea even of w h o their competitors are.' A l s o find out about y o u r customers. W h o are they? W h a t
and w h y do they purchase from y o u ? This will.help y o u to get m o r e of the right type of customers.
3
O n a regular basis y o u need to continuously review and monitor your progress and w h e r e y o u are. Monitoring
the progress m e a n s that if s o m e t h i n g isn't w o r k i n g y o u can modify it immediately. This will help y o u to take
your business to the next level.
Get help from experts - use their k n o w l e d g e to h e l p y o u g r o w y o u r business. Recruit a P R person, a
bookkeeper, an a d m i n p e r s o n etc. C h e c k out the expert advice and list of r e c o m m e n d e d experts contained
in the Business Essentials section of the M u m s in Business website. Ensure y o u h a v e the support n e t w o r k
- family, friends and of course M u m s in Business.
We often get lost in our businesses, especially w h e n it is new, so try and take time out for yourself on a
regular basis. Treat yourself to lunch with friends, get y o u r hair/nails d o n e , play golf, g o shopping etc. Every
one of u s has the ability to achieve our goals and d r e a m s . So believe in yourself, believe that y o u can do it
and w i t h help and support from y o u r friends and family this is possible.
45
A
D o n ' t take on too m a n y expenses at the beginning
В
Start with as m u c h of your o w n m o n e y as possible
C
E x a m i n e y o u r future business expenses
D
H a v e faith that y o u will soon succeed
E
R e s e a r c h and study your m a r k e t
F
K n o w exactly w h a t y o u w a n t to achieve
G
Discard the m y t h that y o u can do it all yourself
H
Evaluate and supervise your business
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e wallet is a tiny, often pocket sized tool for storing cash, and other small articles such as credit cards,
b a n k cards, drivers licenses, identification cards, and other valuables such as these. U s u a l l y it is m a d e from
fabrics such as leather, or synthetic plastics. Typically, wallets are associated w i t h m e n , as m o s t w o m e n c a r r y
a similar object k n o w n as a purse. However, in m o d e r n day society, m a n y w o m e n n o w also c a r r y wallets as
they are smaller and often, m o r e convenient. S o m e w o m e n c a r r y purses with wallets tucked inside of them.
Wallets w e r e invented in the late 1600's, almost i m m e d i a t e l y after p a p e r currency w a s introduced. Paper
currency Was invented in M a s s a c h u s e t t s in 1690. Prior to this, simple p u r s e s w e r e used to c a r r y a r o u n d m e t a l
coins. T h e first wallets w e r e generally m a d e from cow or horse leather, a n d h a d one small p o u c h for w h e r e
people would place their identification cards ( k n o w n then as calling cards).
Today's m o d e r n wallet, w h i c h has m a n y different slots for our m a n y cards, w a s invented in the 1950's,
b e c a u s e of the invention of the first credit card. Wallets virtually r e m a i n e d the s a m e t h r o u g h o u t the 2 0 t h
century, w i t h the exception of the Velcro wallet w h i c h w a s introduced in the 1970's. Late in the 2 0 t h century,
in 1996, w h a t is k n o w n as the All-ett billfold wallet w a s invented. T h i s t y p e of wallet r e d u c e d the b u l k i n e s s of
the original wallet by nearly half. In the 21st century, wallets have evolved in m a n y w a y s including n u m e r o u s
shapes, sizes a n d color, all mostly for stylistic p u r p o s e s rather t h a n function.
Wallets are a h u g e hit a m o n g pick-pockets, w h o target people c a r r y i n g wallets in the pockets of their pants.
To avoid this, s o m e wallet o w n e r s have chains c o n n e c t i n g their wallets to their pants. Other wallet o w n e r s
h a v e inside p o c k e t s on their coats, so that they can not b e pick-pocketed without noticing.
A l t h o u g h the wallet w a s originally designed to c a r r y a r o u n d cash, in m o d e r n society they are m o r e often
u s e d for c a r r y i n g credit cards. W i t h the a d v a n c e d systems of b a n k s and other m o n e y institutes, people feel
that c a r r y i n g a r o u n d cash is often u n n e c e s s a r y a n d a hassle. S o m e people still like to c a r r y a r o u n d change
p u r s e s , w h i c h can b e convenient for small p u r c h a s e s w h e r e u s i n g a credit card or b a n k card w o u l d b e silly a n d
wasteful.
46
6
A c c o r d i n g to paragraph 1 wallets
7
.
A
have a great value for their o w n e r s
В
are an object of m e n ' s outfit
C
contain important belongings
D
are seldom used b y w o m e n
A c c o r d i n g to paragraph 2
8
.
A
wallets w e r e introduced in Massachusetts
В
people used the first wallets for small change
C
at first wallets l o o k e d like tiny leather purses
D
the first wallets served for carrying d o c u m e n t s
It is stated in the passage that
9
.
A
the р и ф о в е of the wallet has c h a n g e d overtime
В
people prefer p a y i n g for small things in cash
C
the purse is usually smaller than the wallet
D
the ideal shape of the wallet has b e e n found
It is N O T mentioned in the passage that wallets are
10
A
m a d e of various materials
В
often stolen from their o w n e r s
C
over three h u n d r e d years old
D
u s e d for virtual m o n e y
T h e author states that
.
A
the wallet w a s n ' t changed for 2 0 0 years
В
square wallets are multifunctional
C
there h a v e b e e n t w o types of wallets
D
m o d e r n wallets h a v e b e c o m e thinner
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (11—16). T h e r e are t w o choices you don't need to use.
W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
PALAHO V E N E Z I A . Via del Plebiscite, 118. T e L 8 9 2 1 0 1 . O p e n i n g h o u r s : T u e s d a y — S u n d a y 10
a.m. — 7 p . m . , d o s e d 1 January. A d m i s s i o n : € 9 , r e d u c e d € 6 . Until 6 February.
T h e exhibition compares for the first time the t w o m o s t important empires in history, the R o m a n and the
Chinese Q i n and H a n dynasties covering the period from the 2 n d century B C to the 4th c e n t u r y A D . O v e r
4 5 0 Italian and Chinese masterpieces reconstruct the phases and salient m o m e n t s in the rise and development
of the t w o empires, throwing light on aspects of everyday life, society, religious worship and economy.
47
12
M U S E I D I V I L L A T O R L O N I A , C A S I N A D E L L S C I V E T T I Via N o m e n t a n a , 70. Information:
0 6 0 6 0 8 . O p e n i n g hours: Tuesday - Sunday, 9 a.m. — 7 p . m . A d m i s s i o n : € 3 , reduced € 2 . Until 30 January.
T h e e x h i b i t i o n o f s o m e 4 0 w o r k s d o c u m e n t s t h e p r e s e n c e of the rose, its iconic m e a n i n g and fortune in
d e c o s t i v e a r t s at t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . T h e d i s p l a y i n c l u d e s c e r a m i c s , p o r c e l a i n , g l a s s
a n d b r o n z e v a s e s , furnishings, coral, gold and glass jewelry.
13
COLOSSEUM
Piazza del Colosseo.
TeL
0639967700.
Opening hours: until 15 February, 8.30 a.m. - 4.30 p . m . (Ticket office closes (3.30 p . m . ) . Closed 25
D e c e m b e r and 1 January. Admission: € 1 2 , reduced €7.50 (Ticket valid for t w o days also for the Palatino and
F o r u m R o m a n u m ) . Reservation advised.
14
A R A PACIS M U S E U M
Tel. 060608. Opening hours: Tuesday-Sunday 9 a.m. — 7 p.m. (Ticket office closes at 6 p.m.), 24 and 31
December, 9 a . m . — 2 p.m,closed M o n d a y s , 1 January, 1 M a y and 25 December. Admission: € 9 , reduced € 7 .
wwwarapacis.it
The first architectural w o r k erected in the historical t o w n centre of R o m e since the fall of Fascism. Inside the
m u s e u m is a display of the celebrated A u g u s t a n altar of peace.
15
M A X X I - M u s e o nazionale dells arti del X X I secolo
Via G u i d o R e n i , 4a. Tel. 0 6 3 9 9 6 7 3 5 0 . O p e n i n g hours: T u e s d a y — S u n d a y , 11 a . m . — 7p.m,Thursday, 11
a.m.— 10p.m. (Ticket office closes at 6 p . m . and 9 p . m . ) A d m i s s i o n : € 1 1 , reduced € 7 . w w w . m a x x p a r c .
beniculturali.it
T h e M A X X I m u s e u m is not only a space for exhibitions o f art from this century, but also a laboratory for
artistic, culturally innovative and linguistic experimentation.
16
HAMPTON UNIVERSITY MUSEUM
See w o r k s of traditional art representing people and cultures from around the world, as well as w o r k s b y
noted black artists. T h e m u s e u m is located on the c a m p u s of historic H a m p t o n University. M u s e u m h o u r s
are 8 to 5 p m , M o n d a y through Friday; n o o n to 4 p m , Saturday a n d Sunday. Closed o n major holidays and
c a m p u s holidays. Free admission. 7 2 7 - 5 3 0 8 .
48
Where can you
A look at splendid watercolors?
В v i e w Oriental culture as well?
C observe anti-war exhibits?
D see the exhibits o f the last century?
E enjoy p i e c e s of art of different nations?
F
study animal biodiversity?
G spend t i m e m o r e than o n c e ?
H d o s o m e creative w o r k ?
TASK 4
R e a d the t e x t below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) the one w h i c h b e s t fits each space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o n o t need to use. W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W h a t if y o u went to sleep and w o k e u p ten days later? It h a p p e n e d to millions of people in E u r o p e in
O c t o b e r of 1582, (17)
_.
It all h a d to d o w i t h p r o b l e m s in the calendar instituted 1,628 y e a r s before by Julius Caesar. T h a t w a s j u s t
the tiniest bit off, a n d so (18)
, for sixteen h u n d r e d years. T h e spring e q u i n o x h a d drifted from
M a r c h to winter. T h i n g s w e r e a m e s s .
Pope G r e g o r y III took matters in hand. H e appointed a c o m m i t t e e o f calendar experts to e x a m i n e the
problem, a n d (19)
. T h e p o p e accepted their r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s a n d issued a papal bill m a n d a t i n g
the changes.
B u t to get things back on schedule, ten days h a d to b e slashed. S o on O c t o b e r 4, 1582, m u c h of Western
E u r o p e w e n t to sleep and w o k e up the next m o r n i n g on O c t o b e r 15. Reaction w a s mixed. (20)
,
w h o they t h o u g h t w a s t r y i n g to steal days from their lives. O n the other h a n d , p e a s a n t s living in isolated rural
villages barely noticed at all.
(21)
, creating massive confusion. B u t eventually everyone let go of the m i s s i n g days and
a d o p t e d (22)
.
A
the citizens of Frankfurt, Germany, rioted a g a i n s t the p o p e
В
the n e w calendar w a s n ' t adopted for 170 years
C
t h e y s u g g e s t e d a m o r e scientifically c o r r e c t m o d e l
D
s o m e countries d i d n ' t accept the change for years
E
the w o r l d lost eleven m i n u t e s p e r y e a r
F
the Gregorian C a l e n d a r w e still use today
G
t h e Gregorian Calendar is off one day every 3 0 0 0 years
H
a n d s o m e of t h e m w e r e quite upset about it
49
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct answer (A,
В , C or D). W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e r e are always people w h o predict the e n d of the m o v i e industry. W h e n television first b e c a m e popular,
m a n y people said that it w o u l d b e the death of film. Yet (23)
m o r e freedom and w i t h n e w e r
technology, m o v i e s b e c a m e better t h a n ever.
Today m a n y filmmakers are predicting that film will b e obsolete in j u s t a few years a n d will b e
(24)
b y digital m e d i a . S o m e people t h i n k that a l i n k of c o m p u t e r s , digital video disks, satellites,
and television w i l l eventually s o u n d the death knell for movies.
How
(25)
are
(26)
forecasts,
(27)
these
especially
predictions?
about
the
As
Sam
future."
In
Goldwyn
1922,
once
Thomas
said,
Edison
"Never
said,
that the m o t i o n picture will revolutionize o u r educational system a n d in a few years will
supplant the (28)
of textbooks." O v e r 25 y e a r s ago, some people predicted that the only w a y
m o v i e s could (29)
It (30)
w i t h television w a s to b e t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l .
that prophets a n d futurists have b e e n t r y i n g to (31)
for years. However, there's a v e r y g o o d (32)
the m o v i e industry
that movies are going to b e a r o u n d for a long t i m e
to c o m e .
50
"I
23
A
awarded
В
given
C
presented
D
shown
24
A • returned
В
replaced
C
succeeded
D
supplied
25
A
accurate
В
tragic
c
careful
D
standard
26
A
do
в
carry
c
make
D
preserve
27
A
observe
в
believe
c
decide
D
discover
28
A
help
в
practice
c
need
D
use
29
A
compete
в
participate
c
dispute
D
fight
30
A
looks
в
turns
c
seems
D
becomes
31
A
plan o n
в
kill off
c
rely u p o n
D
adjust to
32
A
luck
в
accident
c
chance
D
time
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) c h o o s e the c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y HAS SWITZERLAND TRADITIONALLY BEEN A NEUTRAL COUNTRY?
Today, Switzerland is a peace-loving, perennially neutral country. (33)
always b e e n such a docile people. D u r i n g (34)
Swiss have not
, Switzerland (35)
one-third of
its population due to w a r s and the d e a t h of m a n y of its m e r c e n a r y soldiers. T h e decision to b e c o m e a nation of
pacifists (36)
.
m o r e b y self-survival t h a n b y altruism.
I n fact, the Swiss g o v e r n m e n t is so c o n c e r n e d w i t h the survival of its p e o p l e that they still have a p r o g r a m
to build e n o u g h b u n k e r s to protect the entire population of 6.8 (37)
people in the event of a
nuclear attack, even t h o u g h the cold w a r h a s finally ended.
33
A
A
В
-
C
The
D
An
34
A
1700
В
1700ieth
C
the
1700ieth
D
the 1700s
35
A - has lost
В
h a d lost
c
lost
D
is lost
36
A
may have been prompted
в
may be prompted
c
may prompt
D
may have prompted
37
A
millions
в
million's
c
million
D
millions'
NEW COKE
1985 w a s not a good y e a r for C o c a - C o l a . It (38)
one of the greatest m a r k e t i n g failures in
history: the replacement of the original C o k e formula w i t h a n e w one.
For 99 years, the Coke formula h a d stayed the s a m e . Yet, (39)
in the 1970s, the c o m p a n y
started losing market share.
In response to these disturbing t r e n d s , C o c a - C o l a developed a new, (40)
formula. O n A p r i l
2 3 , 1985, the n e w formula hit the market. M a n y people liked the taste, but (41)
of people w r o t e
a n g r y letters d e m a n d i n g that the original formula b e b r o u g h t back. W h a t C o c a - C o l a did not consider w a s h o w
(42)
people w e r e attached to the original taste a n d b r a n d .
38
A
has m a r k e d
В
marked
C
was marked
D
had marked
39
A
began
В
begin
C
begun
D
beginning
40
A
sweeter
В
sweetest
C
the sweetest
D
m o r e sweet
51
41
А
thousand's
В
thousand
С
thousands
D thousands'
42
А
strong
В
strongly
С
stronger
D strongest
WRITING
43
Your foreign pen-pal is a football fan, and is d r e a m i n g about seeing the m a t c h e s of E u r o 2 0 1 2
Write a letter in which:
•
give h i m s o m e facts about U k r a i n e
•
tell him h o w the country is preparing for the c h a m p i o n s h i p
tell h i m w h a t w e a t h e r to expect a n d advise h i m what clothes to bring
invite h i m to stay w i t h your family.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
52
TEST 6
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (1—5). T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TIPS ON BEING HAPPY
1
Free yourself from negative e m o t i o n s such as, guilt, anger, doubt, fear, resentment, a n d worry. Your goal
in this area should b e to constantly e x a m i n e , and then eliminate the negative e m o t i o n s y o u find in your
o w n life. This is, quite possibly, the largest part of finding true happiness.
2
Imagine yourself as perfectly healthy. G o o d health is another h u g e k e y to achieving true happiness. You
b e c o m e w h a t y o u think and i m a g i n e . I m a g i n e yourself eating t h e right things, exercising, a n d being h a p p y
w h e n y o u look in the mirror.
3
You need to take the t i m e to e x a m i n e y o u r past experiences in order to fully understand y o u r current
thoughts, feelings, a n d behaviors. You m u s t learn to forgive others and e m b r a c e all the experiences, good
and b a d , that h a v e shaped w h o y o u are today. O n l y then can y o u m o v e forward to b e c o m i n g the best y o u
possible.
4
A true m e a s u r e o f your personality is the loving a n d intimate relationships y o u h a v e . If y o u are involved
in relationships y o u k n o w are unhealthy, it's time to m a k e a change. Strive to b e a r o u n d p e o p l e w h o love
you, build y o u u p , and w h o m y o u look u p to.
5
This is about living o n purpose. You n e e d a c o m m i t m e n t to something greater than yourself if y o u w a n t to
find happiness. Start thinking about h o w y o u can u s e your talents, personality, and skills to m a k e the w o r l d
a better place.
A Try to b e physically fit
В S p e n d m o r e t i m e going out
C D o n ' t discuss your private life
D A n a l y z e w h a t you h a v e lived t h r o u g h
E I m p r o v e other people's lives
F Develop h a r m o n y and p e a c e of m i n d
G R e v i e w your contacts
H Read humorous books
56
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. For questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the c o r r e c t answer (А, В , C , or D). W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
H a l l o w e e n h a s its roots in S a m h a i n ( p r o n o u n c e d sow-in), a n ancient harvest festival held at the e n d of the
Celtic year. T h e festival m a r k e d the end of s u m m e r a n d the b e g i n n i n g of the d a r k w i n t e r t i m e . It w a s believed
the spirits of the dead r e t u r n e d on this eve to d a m a g e crops a n d play tricks on the living. It w a s also believed
that the Celtic priests, or D r u i d s , w e r e able to m a k e predictions about the future,, w h i c h they did d u r i n g large
bonfire celebrations w h e r e they w o r e a n i m a l skins a n d sacrificed crops and a n i m a l s to the spirits.
I n early A.D., R o m a n s c a m e to the Celtic territories of m o d e r n d a y E n g l a n d , Scotland and N o r t h e r n France,
a n d w e r e the first people to influence the celebration of S a m h a i n . T h e y brought their o w n holidays: Feralia, the
R o m a n day to h o n o r the d e a d in late October, as well as another holiday to h o n o r P o m o n a , the R o m a n goddess
of fruit and trees. It is possible that this R o m a n influence is the reason apples are given out a n d b o b b e d for on
Halloween.
B y 800 A.D., Christianity spread to the Celtic Territories and brought w i t h it another holiday, "All Saints
Day." Pope Boniface IV, the designator of A l l Saints Day, w a s likely t r y i n g to replace S a m h a i n w i t h a similar
but holier holiday m e a n t to honor saints a n d m a r t y r s . Later on, A l l Saints D a y w a s r e n a m e d "All H a l l o w s "
and thus the day of S a m h a i n (Oct. 31st) b e g a n to b e called "All Hallows Eve," a n d eventually shortened to
"Hallowe'en."
A l l of the holidays that w e r e m e l d e d together t o create our m o d e r n version of H a l l o w e e n involved dressing
u p in one w a y or another. T h e celebrators of S a m h a i n w o r e a n i m a l skins at their bonfire celebrations a n d those
that observed "All Saints D a y " often dressed as saints or angels. Later on m e n in Scotland would i m p e r s o n a t e
the dead o n the day, explaining the ghoulish tradition w e still observe.
D u r i n g the m i d 1800's, Irish a n d E n g l i s h i m m i g r a n t s flooded the United States a n d brought Halloween with
t h e m . F r o m these i m m i g r a n t s w e received the H a l l o w e e n traditions w e r e c o g n i z e today, h o w e v e r skewed they
are now. For instance, the.first trick-or-treaters w e r e far from t o d a y ' s smiling children w i t h c o m m e r c i a l i z e d
c o s t u m e s . T h e y lived in M e d i e v a l E n g l a n d , and p r a c t i c e d "souling," in w h i c h p o o r people w o u l d b e g for sweet
b r e a d s , in r e t u r n for p r a y i n g for the families' souls. Later, the i m m i g r a n t s w h o brought H a l l o w e e n to A m e r i c a
would develop their o w n version of trick-or-treating, but it didn't b e c o m e p o p u l a r here until the 1930s.
W h a t used to b e j u s t a singular holiday w i t h m i n i m a l things to p u r c h a s e has t u r n e d into a n entire
" H a l l o w e e n Season." B e t w e e n decorative lights a n d l a w n o r n a m e n t s , elaborate c o s t u m e s a n d loads of candy,
the average A m e r i c a n spends a pretty p e n n y o n this fall holiday. However p o p u l a r Halloween has b e c o m e , the
recession has affected s p e n d i n g for this year's s p o o k y night. S p e n d i n g is d o w n , according the National Retail
Federation. Shoppers will spend an average of $56.31 on the holiday c o m p a r e d to $66.54 in 2 0 0 8 . S o m e w a y s
people are cutting d o w n include m a k i n g h o m e m a d e c o s t u m e s , u s i n g last year's decorations a n d b u y i n g less
expensive candies. For the children's sake, let's h o p e everyone d o e s n ' t resort to giving out apples a n d p e n n i e s .
D i d n ' t you j u s t hate that as a kid?
57
6
It is stated in paragraph 1 that
7
8
9
.
A
H a l l o w e e n u s e d to b e celebrated at the end of the s u m m e r
В
the D r u i d s ' animal skins put off the spirits of the dead
C
the Celtic priests could foresee further events
D
the Druids wore skins of the sacrificed animals
A c c o r d i n g to p a r a g r a p h 2
.
A
R o m a n s turned S a m h a i n into H a l l o w e e n
В
R o m a n s influenced the early Celtic religion
C
the origins of s o m e H a l l o w e e n traditions are uncertain
D
people in France didn't celebrate H a l l o w e e n till early A . D .
T h e n a m e of the holiday
.
A
w a s introduced b y a p o p e
В
has b e e n in use since 800 A . D .
C
appeared o n the Celtic Territories
D
has nothing to do w i t h harvest or crops
It can b e inferred from the passage that
.
A
H a l l o w e e n has b e c o m e a commercialized holiday
В
H a l l o w e e n traditions h a v e c h a n g e d a lot since the 1930s
C
different cultures h a v e the same traditions of k e e p i n g H a l l o w e e n
D
immigrants in the U S h a d n o m o n e y to b u y their children sweets
10 W h i c h of the following is N O T m e n t i o n e d in the passage?
58
A
People n o w h a v e to reduce the a m o u n t of H a l l o w e e n expenses.
В
K i d s prefer getting sweets to getting apples or other fruit.
C
A m e r i c a n s set decorations outside their h o m e s .
D
The holiday arrangements n o w last a long while.
TASK З
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (11—16). T h e r e are t w o choices you don't need t o use.
M a r k your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
B r o a d l a n d Cycle H i r e
Explore the countryside a r o u n d the Norfolk B r o a d s b y bike. A d u l t s ' a n d children's bikes for hire with tagalongs, b a b y seats and trailers. T a n d e m s available. H e l m e t s , locks, p u m p s available. Free route m a p s .
Located
in the car park at BeWILDerwood
on A 1062. Adult cycles from
per day. Open daily in School Holidays.
$10 per day. Children's
Other times by
from
$7
appointment.
Phone: 07887 480331
w w w . broadlandcyclehire.co.uk
12
Riverside Rentals
S t u n n i n g self-catering riverside, waterside a n d countryside holiday cottages on the Norfolk B r o a d s a n d
s u r r o u n d i n g idyllic village locations, m o s t with o w n m o o r i n g .
Pets & families welcome.
Sleep from 2 to 11 people.
W e ' r e here to m a k e your holiday d r e a m s c o m e true, call u s n o w or visit our website.
Web: www.riverside-rentals.co.uk
17 L o w e r Street, H o r n i n g , Norfolk N R 1 2 8 A A
13
Fairhaven
U n i q u e w o o d l a n d g a r d e n with private b r o a d . - D o g s on leads welcome. ~ Children's n a t u r e trail. ~
W h e e l c h a i r accessible. ~ P r o g r a m m e of events. ~ W o o d l a n d activity centre. ~ T e a r o o m s a n d cafes that u s e
the best, great-tasting local a n d seasonal ingredients, locally p r o d u c e d food a n d d r i n k . ~ Plant sales. ~
O p e n daily from 10 a m .
For your free copy contact Aylsham
or download
Tourist Information
Centre 01263
733903
www.visitbroadland.co.uk
14
Lathams
A great family day out!
Pottering about o n the broads? T h e n p o p into Potter H e i g h a m !
Clothing. Gifts. G a r d e n i n g . Groceries. Fishing Tackle Shop. Coffee Shop. Plus m u c h , m u c h m o r e at
a m a z i n g low prices every day. O p e n 7 days a week.
Bridge Street, Potter Heigham,
Tel.: 01692 670080
Norfolk NR29 5 JE.
www.lathams-potter-heigham.co.uk
59
15
Canoeing
M a n y of the most beautiful p a r t s of the B r o a d s can only be seen by boat a n d C a n a d i a n canoes are a great
w a y to discover the delights of this fragile wetland. C a n o e i n g allows exploration of all but the smallest
o f the w a t e r w a y s of the B r o a d s - it's ideal for exploring the h e a d w a t e r s (less tidal waters). W e don't
r e c o m m e n d c a n o e i n g in the lower reaches. If you do, y o u n e e d to be extremely experienced, fit and able.
C a n o e hire from over 10 locations throughout the B r o a d s .
T h e C a n o e M a n . Tel.: 01603 499177 w w w . t h e c a n o e m a n . c o m
16
B u r g h Castle
Please check opening
times
R e m a i n s of the 3d c e n t u r y R o m a n fort built to defend the coast from Saxon raiders.
Situated on the e d g e of the River Waveney with views over Breydon Water
a n d Halvergate M a r s h e s .
tel 01223
582700
www. englisgheritage.
org. uk
W h i c h of the advertisements i n f o r m s about
A a quiet holiday in a beautiful place?
В a possibility to b u y souvenirs?
C an opportunity to visit a historic place?
D a place to get the necessary equipment?
E the necessity to have special skills?
F
a good place for hunting and fishing?
G a possibility for the disabled to use the place?
H the necessity to b o o k a holiday beforehand?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the one w h i c h best fits each space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate answer sheet.
W h e n the m o d e r n Olympics started in 1896, a silver m e d a l (17)
b e c a u s e gold w a s considered
inferior. Gold replaced silver b e g i n n i n g with the 1904 O l y m p i c s . Today the gold m e d a l s are sterling silver
(18)
.
N o m e d a l s w e r e given in the 1900 O l y m p i c s held in P a r i s , France. W i n n e r s w e r e (19)
.
In 1996, d u r i n g the Atlanta O l y m p i c G a m e s , Shun Fujimoto of Japan broke his leg during a t u m b l i n g run in
the floor exercise. K n o w i n g that his t e a m n e e d e d h i m , he decided to (20)
in spite of the broken
leg. H e finished w i t h a triple-somersault dismount. H e gritted his teeth as pain shot t h r o u g h his leg w h e n he
60
landed. H e didn't buckle but stood up. H e scored 9.7. W i t h the painful broken leg, Fujimoto h a d one m o r e thing
to do. H e m a n a g e d to climb on top of the p o d i u m a n d stand tall as h e w a s (21)
.
Today's Olympic creed stresses s p o r t s m a n s h i p a n d the i m p o r t a n c e of participating rather t h a n w i n n i n g . In
ancient G r e e c e , the original O l y m p i c G a m e s w e r e m u c h different. T h e only thing that m a t t e r e d w a s w i n n i n g .
T h e victor w a s (22)
, while those w h o finished second and third w e r e sent h o m e in disgrace.
A
awarded valuable pieces of art
В
allowed to participate in the g a m e s
C
presented with a gold m e d a l
D
w a s given to first-place w i n n e r s
E
c o m p e t e in the ring competition
F
set a world and O l y m p i c record
G
covered with a thin coat of p u r e gold
H
c r o w n e d with a wreath of olive leaves
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y D O E S IT F E E L G O O D W H E N Y O U S T R E T C H ? ( U N C O I L I N G T H E SPRINGS)
Stretching (23)
a signal to the brain, telling it to m a k e your muscles relax. A s y o u r muscles
relax, you feel less tense. T h a t ' s why it feels so g o o d to stretch.
T h e muscles in your b o d y are (24)
springs. I m a g i n e a spring that is,very tight. You can't
c o m p r e s s it m u c h or p r o d u c e m u c h p o w e r with it. O n the other h a n d , if a spring is v e r y loose, it's quite
(25)
to c o m p r e s s it. O n c e you (26)
go of the c o m p r e s s e d spring, it releases
a great deal of force.
If y o u r muscles are tight, they can't b e contracted v e r y far and they don't (27)
m u c h power.
A l s o , a tight muscle can't absorb m u c h shock and puts even m o r e strain on your joints. Tight muscles not only
(28)
your p e r f o r m a n c e in w h a t e v e r you're doing; they can also lead to injuries.
If you (29)
b e m o r e flexible and will (30)
j u s t a few, m i n u t e s a d a y stretching y o u r chest, back, shoulders, a n d legs, you'll
a lot better.
Stretching may not b e the fountain of youth, but regular stretching will (31)
you limber
and m a k e it easier to get in a n d out of your car or pick s o m e t h i n g u p off the ground. You w o n ' t be any younger,
but you'll feel younger. After all, youth is a (32)
of m i n d .
61
23
А
presents
В
provides
C
offers
D
sends
24
А
similar
В
like
C
identical
D
same
25
А
comfortable
В
pleasant
c
lovely
D
easy
26
А
let
approve
c
provide
D
mind
27
А
construct
show
c
produce
D
present
28
А
limit
check
c
control
D
specify
29
А
miss
spend
c
waste
D
need
ЗО
А
seem
be
c
look
D
feel
31
А
keep
possess
c
carry
D
maintain
32
А
form
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
state
c
phase
D
shape
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces (33-42) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D).
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate answer sheet.
W H Y IS T H E L U M P I N A M A N ' S T H R O A T C A L L E D A N " A D A M ' S A P P L E " ?
T h e A d a m ' s apple (33)
only in m e n , a n d it got its n a m e from an ancient embellishment of the
story of A d a m and Eve. Folklore h a d it that w h e n A d a m swallowed the (34)
p i e c e of the apple (35)
in e v e r y (37)
fruit, one large
in his throat a n d r e m a i n e d there, (36)
a lump. T h i s l u m p
_ throat, his A d a m ' s apple, is a n eternal r e m i n d e r of his humility in the eyes of
God.
33
A
has found
В
is found
C
h a d found
D
found
34
A
forbidder
В
forbidding
C
forbade
D
forbidden
35
A
got stuck
В
h a d got stuck
C
h a s got stuck
D
h a d b e e n got stuck
36
A
to form
В
forming
C
forms
D
form
37
A
man's
В
men
C
man
D
men's
THOMAS COOK
T h e father of m o d e r n m a s s t o u r i s m w a s T h o m a s C o o k w h o organized the first p a c k a g e tour in history. H e
a r r a n g e d for the rail c o m p a n y (38)
one shilling p e r p e r s o n for a group of c a m p a i g n e r s from
Leicester to a rally in L o u g h b o r o u g h , eleven m i l e s away.
C o o k w a s paid a share of the fares actually charged to the p a s s e n g e r s , as the railway
(39)
62
at his o w n price.
tickets
T h e r e (40)
railway excursions before, but this one included entrance to an entertainment
held in private g r o u n d s , rail tickets a n d food for the train journey.
Cook
immediately
(41)
saw
the
potential
of
a
convenient
'off
the
peg'
holiday
product
in
e v e r y t h i n g w a s included in one cost. A f t e r w a r d s h e pioneered p a c k a g e holidays in b o t h
Britain and on the E u r o p e a n continent (where Paris a n d the A l p s w e r e (42)
destinations).
38
A
w o u l d charge
В
to charge
C
charging
D
h a d charged
39
A
c o u l d n ' t b e issued
В
c o u l d n ' t issue
C
c a n ' t b e issued
D
c a n ' t issue
40
A
has been
В
have been
C
were
D
had been
41
A
whose
that
C
which
D
whose
42
A
m o s t popular
в
в
the m o s t popular
C
far popular
D
the m o r e popular
WRITING
43
Your penfriend writes that he/she w o u l d like to h a v e a d o g but his/her parents d o n ' t let h i m h a v e one. H e /
she complains that his/her parents d o n ' t u n d e r s t a n d h i m . Write a letter to y o u r friend in w h i c h advise h i m /
her:
to try and u n d e r s t a n d that having a dog is a great responsibility
to act so as to prove to the parents that he/she is a responsible p e r s o n
to talk to the parents to find out their reasons for refusal
•
to start with h a v i n g a smaller pet.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s :
D o not write any dates a n d addresses.
63
TEST 7
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
1
_ _ _ _ _ _
Fallout 3 . Ideal audience: old-school role-playing g a m e r s a n d a n y o n e w h o w a n t s to see Washington
in ashes. T h e return of the classic Fallout series is a sprawling re-creation o f the Capitol area after
a nuclear war. T h e tone is darker and less slyly h u m o r o u s than previous Fallout g a m e s , but the sheer
size and ambitions of the g a m e impress. For X b o x 3 6 0 , P S 3 a n d P C . Rating: M for m a t u r e .
2
G r a n d Theft A u t o IV. Ideal audience: well-adjusted adults w h o w a n t to explore a rich, intelligent,
politically incorrect digital rendition of N e w York City. A s long as y o u can accept that a great w o r k of
m o d e r n entertainment can revolve a r o u n d criminals - something long a s s u m e d in television and films then it is almost impossible to d e n y that G.T.A. I V is o n e of the m o s t c o m p e l l i n g g a m e s in recent years.
F o r X b o x 360, P S 3 and P C . Rating: M for m a t u r e .
3
G e a r s of War. Ideal audience: testosterone-fuelled core g a m e r s w h o like chain s a w s . W h e n y o u think
about the stereotypical video g a m e , this is w h a t y o u ' r e thinking about: big g u n s , voracious alien b a d
guys, great graphics, h u g e explosions, cardboard-cutout characters, silly dialogue and cheap thrills all
around. N o t that there's anything w r o n g with that. F o r X b o x 360. Rating: M for m a t u r e .
4
F a b l e II. Ideal audience: emotionally m a t u r e children and m o s t fans of delicate entertainment design.
This g a m e is rated M not because it is especially violent or profane. It is rated M b e c a u s e in b e t w e e n
casting spells a n d swinging swords y o u can h a v e children, y o u can get married (and h a v e affairs if y o u
choose), and y o u can b u y c o n d o m s . Shocking, I know. F o r X b o x 360.
5
Professor L a y o u t a n d the C u r i o u s Village. Ideal audience: puzzle fans. O n e of the sleepers of 2 0 0 8 ,
Professor L a y t o n ties together m o r e than 100 beautifully designed brainteasers w i t h an endearing
anime-style story. T h e puzzles themselves are perfectly intelligible to n o n - g a m e r s . F o r N i n t e n d o D S .
Rating: E for everyone.
67
W h i c h v i d e o g a m e w o u l d you choose if you w a n t e d to
A
h a v e an experience of tough and rough fight?
В
get an exciting experience o f building a city in outer space?
C
m e e t c o s m i c aliens?
D
b e e n g a g e d in brainstorming?
E
p l a y a g a m e of stealing a ear?
F
take part in a battle with z o m b i e s from a spaceship?
G
try to scrape through the city ruins?
H
practise in building relationships?
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions (6-10) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Basketball w a s invented in D e c e m b e r 1891 b y J a m e s N a i s m i t h , a Canadian clergyman a n d educator, w h o
then w o r k e d as an instructor at the Young M e n ' s Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. T h e g a m e
appeared in response to the request of N a i s m i t h ' s supervisors to develop a vigorous and interesting form of
entertainment suitable for indoor winter play. N a i s m i t h and his helpers spent 14 days, piecing together the rules
for the g a m e . T h e g a m e u s e d elements of football, soccer, and hockey, and the first ball u s e d w a s a soccer ball.
Originally t e a m s h a d nine players, b y 1 8 9 7 - 98 t e a m s of five h a d b e c o m e standard.
M a n y U S colleges adopted the g a m e b e t w e e n 1893 and 1895. Basketball rapidly spread nationwide and
to C a n a d a and other parts of the w o r l d ; it also b e c a m e a popular informal outdoor g a m e . U . S . servicemen in
World War II popularized the sport in m a n y other countries. T h e popularity of the g a m e reached n e w heights
in the late 1970s, due largely to the creation of the N B A , its spectacular m a t c h e s and recognizable stars.
O v e r the years, the e q u i p m e n t and the rules o f the g a m e h a v e b e e n s o m e w h a t changed. N o w a d a y s basketball
is played and w a t c h e d w o r l d - w i d e by people o f all ages and sexes.
6
68
T h e g a m e o f basketball appeared because N a i s m i t h
A
w a s a responsible educator
В
h a d b e e n w o r k i n g it out for years
C
had n o suitable entertainment in winter
D
w a s asked to create s o m e winter pastime for his pupils
,
.
7
8
9
T h e n u m b e r of a basketball t e a m players
A
g r e w rapidly
В
almost d o u b l e d
C
soon decreased
D
b e c a m e half as big
D u r i n g the Second World War
.
A
A m e r i c a n s p l a y e d basketball all over the w o r l d
В
basketball b e c a m e m o r e w i d e s p r e a d due to A m e r i c a n soldiers
C
basketball b e c a m e a popular informal outdoor g a m e in C a n a d a
D
A m e r i c a n specialists w o r k e d in m a n y other countries of the w o r l d
It can b e inferred from the p a s s a g e that
.
A
basketball is the m o s t p o p u l a r indoor g a m e
В
the g a m e o f basketball is constantly changing
C
b y n o w basketball h a s b e c o m e quite a different g a m e
D
the n u m b e r of basketball fans g r e w o w i n g to the N B A
10 A c c o r d i n g to the passage all o f the following are true E X C E P T _
A
Basketball h a d four p e a k s of popularity
В
T h e g a m e w a s developed in about a fortnight
C
Basketball w a s w e l c o m e d b y educational establishments
D
Basketball u s e d to b e p l a y e d with another sport's e q u i p m e n t
TASK 3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (11—16). T h e r e are t w o choices y o u don't n e e d to use.
M a r k y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
HAVE Y O U EVER T H O U G H T A B O U T TRAVELING W I T H NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC?
Join u s a n d you'll enjoy every m i n u t e spent w i t h our thrilling expeditions. E a c h expedition is a c c o m p a n i e d b y
e x p e r t s ready to share their k n o w l e d g e about different cultures a n d e n v i r o n m e n t s .
69
11
E d u a r d o Shaw
E d u a r d o S h a w g r e w u p on the p a m p a s of A r g e n t i n a and has lived w i t h his family in
n o r t h w e s t e r n Patagonia for the past 18 years. A former teacher a n d n o w a naturalist
and lecturer, h e is deeply involved in local foundations a n d c o m m u n i t y projects that
p r o m o t e sustainable development. E d u a r d o has led National G e o g r a p h i c Expeditions
to A n t a r c t i c a as well as n u m e r o u s trips to Patagonia. H e looks forward to sharing his
k n o w l e d g e a n d passion for the region.
12
BobKrist
National G e o g r a p h i c p h o t o g r a p h e r B o b Krist has shot several articles for
National
Geographic
Traveler,
m a g a z i n e a n d m o r e t h a n 30 articles for National
Geographic
for w h i c h h e is a contributing editor. H i s a s s i g n m e n t s have t a k e n h i m to all seven
continents, and his i m a g e s have w o n a w a r d s in the Pictures of the Year,
Arts,
Communication
a n d World P r e s s Photo competitions. H i s latest b o o k on travel photography,
Travel Photography:
Documenting
the World's
People
and Places,
w a s recently
published in the Digital M a s t e r s series.
13
Peter Hillary
W h e n Peter H i l l a r y first c l i m b e d M o u n t Everest in 1990, h e and his father, Sir E d m u n d
H i l l a r y — w h o m a d e the first ascent in 1953 — b e c a m e the first father and son to
r e a c h the s u m m i t . H e r e a c h e d the s u m m i t a g a i n in 2002 on a National G e o g r a p h i c sponsored ascent later featured in the film Surviving
Everest.
Peter has completed 4 0
m o u n t a i n e e r i n g expeditions a n d is deeply involved in assistance p r o g r a m s for the
people of the M o u n t Everest region in Nepal.
14
Paula Swart
Paula Swart has b e e n a curator of A s i a n studies for the past 20 years a n d is currently a n
adjunct c u r a t o r at the M u s e u m of A n t h r o p o l o g y at t h e University of British Columbia.
H e r recent exhibition « R i c e is Life» focused on the cultural i m p o r t a n c e of this staple,
particularly in Asia. She specializes in B u d d h i s t art, the history of ceramic t r a d e in
Southeast Asia, and m a r i t i m e archaeology. Paula has published several b o o k s on the
art a n d architecture of A s i a n cultures, a n d h a s enjoyed introducing visitors t o A s i a n
culture a n d h i s t o r y for m o r e t h a n 25 years.
70
15
Fiona D u n l o p
Travel w r i t e r Fiona D u n l o p has explored n o r t h e r n Spain extensively, w r i t i n g n u m e r o u s
articles about its culture and gastronomy. She is the author of the National
Traveler
g u i d e b o o k s for Spain and Portugal as well as Spain
Geographic
Chic and the critically
acclaimed b o o k New Tapas, w h i c h explores Spain's evolving food culture. Fiona h a s
written m o r e t h a n a dozen g u i d e b o o k s a n d food culture b o o k s , covering destinations
in Asia, Central A m e r i c a , M e x i c o ( M e x i c a n M o d e r n ) , a n d N o r t h Africa ( T h e N o r t h
African Kitchen). In addition to living for long p e r i o d s in F r a n c e , Italy, a n d L o n d o n , her
h o m e t o w n , she has long favored A n d a l u s i a , in southern Spain, w h e r e she frequently
retreats to her house in the olive groves.
16
Tierney T h y s
National G e o g r a p h i c E m e r g i n g Explorer, Tierney T h y s , is a m a r i n e biologist a n d
d o c u m e n t a r y filmmaker w h o s e w o r k explores the b r e a d t h of a n i m a l diversity from
pole to pole a n d chronicles global e n v i r o n m e n t a l change. T i e r n e y is a world authority
on the giant ocean sunfish, Mola mola, a n d has led n u m e r o u s expeditions worldwide
from Africa to Baja, Japan, Indonesia and the G a l a p a g o s Islands to study these bizarre
jelly-eating b e h e m o t h s . Tierney h a s also developed and g u i d e d National G e o g r a p h i c
student m a r i n e biology expeditions in M o n t e r e y Bay.
W h i c h of the guides
A specializes in Oriental culture?
В has launched an educational p r o g r a m ?
C has traveled all over the w o r l d ?
D k n o w s a lot about national cuisines?
E used to w o r k at school?
F participates in environmental projects?
G is an experienced alpinist?
H is an u n d e r w a t e r w o r l d expert?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A - H ) the one w h i c h best fits each space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate answer sheet.
T h e t e r m "clipper" is probably derived from the verb "clip," m e a n i n g to m o v e quickly. It w a s given to sleek
sailing ships (17)
. Such ships w e r e called Yankee clippers. T h e age of the clippers lasted for j u s t
a d e c a d e , from the late 1840s to the m i d 1850s. Nonetheless, (18)
.
71
Prior to the design of the Yankee clipper, E n g l a n d (19)
that h a d a top speed of t h r e e or four
knots. However, the long, lean, and beautiful Yankee (20)
. Even w h e n heavily loaded, they
could m a i n t a i n such speeds over long p e r i o d s of t i m e . It w a s not u n c o m m o n for a clipper ship to average 4 0 0
m i l e s in a 2 4 - h o u r period.
Sadly, (21)
. A few, like the Cutty Sark, are n o w m u s e u m s .
A l t h o u g h s o m e of these tall ships still sail the seas, they are usually not available to the public. O n e
exception is t h e Clipper
City, (22)
.
P a n A m ' s clipper aircraft have b e e n gone for d e c a d e s . But if y o u want to sail on a sleek clipper ship, you
can charter the Clipper
City at its h o m e p o r t in C h e s a p e a k e Bay, Virginia.
A
m o s t of the sleek clipper ships h a v e long since g o n e
В
ruled the seas with heavily a r m e d m e r c h a n t ships
C
clippers could travel at 2 0 knots or m o r e
D
traveled a long distance b y sea
E
k n o w n for their beauty and speed
F
a wonderful v o y a g e across the ocean
G
a perfect replica o f the original clipper
H
they h a d a profound impact o n w o r l d trade
TASK 5
R e a d and complete the text below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the c o r r e c t a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Z e b r a s are not -the only (23)
that u s e camouflage. A w h i t e polar b e a r blends in w i t h the
snow, while a n i m a l s that live in the desert are often yellowish or tan so that they blend in with the desert
(24)
.
However, snow, desert, forest, and m o u n t a i n s are not striped. So w h y d o some a n i m a l s , such as the zebra,
have stripes? For years scientists have (25)
about the reason for striped a n i m a l s . Today there
are t w o prevalent theories.
T h e m o r e (26)
t h e o r y suggests that a striped or spotted a n i m a l m i m i c s light filtering t h r o u g h
the trees or high grass a n d thus is camouflaged.
A n o t h e r theory suggests that a black-and-white color s c h e m e is an effective w a r n i n g device, m u c h
like stripes on a railroad crossing gate. Stripes are not (27)
(28)
on m a m m a l s but are also
on birds, reptiles, a n d insects. Stripes o n a polecat, a marbled salamander, a pied
kingfisher, a n d a carabid beetle w a r n predators that the striped creature is d a n g e r o u s or inedible. A biologist
72
(29)
a n e x p e r i m e n t in w h i c h cats a n d h o r n e t s w e r e (30)
different t y p e s of birds. T h e "least e d i b l e " rating w a s (31)
to taste the flesh of 38
,
to the only t h r e e birds that w e r e
black and white.
A l t h o u g h scientists still do not completely agree o n w h y s o m e a n i m a l s are striped, one fact they all agree
on: a zebra is a(n) (32)
beautiful a n i m a l .
23
A
individuals
В
souls
C
characters
D
creatures
24
A
environment
В
medium
C
conditions
D
setting
25
A
insisted
В
argued
c
spoken
D
heard
26
A
delightful
В
normal
c
accepted
D
adequate
27
A
seldom
в
unique
c
common
D
general
28
A
found
в
placed
c
met
D
put
29
A
took
в
developed
c
found
D
did
30
A
suggested
в
told
c
allowed
D
let
31
A
given
в
offered
c
moved
D
transmitted
32
A
awfully
в
terribly
c
radically
D
strikingly
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For e a c h of the e m p t y s p a c e s ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct answer (А, В , C or D).
W r i t e your a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H E R E DID THE BEARDED FIGURE UNCLE SAM COME FROM?
S a m W i l s o n w a s a m e a t p a c k e r w h o supplied (33)
b e e f to the U.S. A r m y in the
nineteenth century. T h e barrels of m e a t w e r e s t a m p e d " U . S . " (34)
(35)
U n i t e d States, but the soldiers (36)
they w e r e p r o p e r t y of
that the initials w e r e actually those of
the supplier, "Uncle S a m " Wilson. T h e b e a r d e d figure of "Uncle S a m " w a s d r a w n a n d i n t r o d u c e d by T h o m a s
Nast, the s a m e cartoonist w h o created the (37)
elephant.
33
A
preserving
В
preserve
C
preserved
D
b e i n g preserved
34
A
to indicate
В
indicated
C
indicate
D
indicates
35
A
a
В
the
C
an
D
-
36
A
were joked
в
have joked
c
hadjoked
D
joked
37
A
Republicans'
в
Republican's
c
Republican
D
Republicans
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THANKSGIVING
T h a n k s g i v i n g is celebrated in the U S on the fourth T h u r s d a y in November. For m a n y A m e r i c a n s it is
(38)
i m p o r t a n t holiday apart from C h r i s t m a s . Schools, offices and m o s t businesses close for
Thanksgiving.
T h a n k s g i v i n g is associated w i t h the t i m e w h e n E u r o p e a n s first c a m e to N o r t h A m e r i c a . In 1620 t h e ship
the Mayflower
arrived, (39)
about 150 people w h o today are usually called Pilgrims. T h e y
arrived at the b e g i n n i n g of a v e r y hard w i n t e r a n d could not find e n o u g h to eat. But in the following s u m m e r
Native A m e r i c a n s showed t h e m what foods w e r e safe to eat, (40)
that they could save food
for the next winter. T h e y held a big celebration to t h a n k G o d and the Native A m e r i c a n s for the fact that they
(41)
. Today people celebrate T h a n k s g i v i n g (42)
these early days.
38
A
most
В
more
C
the most
D
m u c h more
39
A
brought
В
h a d brought
C
bringing
D
w a s bringing
40
A
so
В
before
c
after
D
since
41
A
survived
В
h a d survived
c
w e r e survived
D
have survived
42
A
remember
в
to r e m e m b e r
c
remembered
D
remembers
WRITING
43
You attended an event last w e e k e n d to celebrate a traditional festival in y o u r country. Write to your p e n
friend, describing the event. D w e l l on the following questions:
•
explain the origins of the festival
•
explain w h a t w a s going on
•
describe w h e r e the festival took place
•
say w h e t h e r you enjoyed the event.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
74
TEST 8
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (1—5). T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TIPS F O R G R O C E R Y SHOPPING
1
This is the cardinal rule of shopping. T h e list represents your grocery n e e d s : the staples y o u ' r e out of, and
the food y o u n e e d for u p c o m i n g meals. W h e n you stray from the list, y o u ' r e buying on impulse, and that's h o w
shopping trips get out of control.
2
E a c h time y o u enter the grocery store is another chance to spend — almost inevitably, y o u b u y m o r e than
one item. B y reducing the frequency o f your visits to the store, y o u ' r e saving money, time and fuel. Plan ahead,
m a k e a w e e k l y m e n u . B u t if you still find yourself running out for a few items, analyze the reason.
3
T h e m o r e y o u interact with something, the m o r e likely y o u are to b u y it, says Р а с о Underhill in Why We
Buy: "Virtually all u n p l a n n e d p u r c h a s e s . . .come as a result of the shopper seeing, touching, smelling, or tasting
something that p r o m i s e s pleasure, if not total fulfillment."
4
M a k e sure y o u r prices are scanned correctly. M a k e sure your coupons are scanned correctly. Sale items,
especially, h a v e a t e n d e n c y to b e in the c o m p u t e r w r o n g , and yet few p e o p l e ever challenge the price at the
register. You d o n ' t need to h o l d u p the line: simply w a t c h the price of each item as it's scanned.
5
This is a c o m m o n tip, but it's true: studies s h o w that folks w h o shop w h e n t h e y ' r e h u n g r y b u y m o r e , they
tend to b u y all kinds of j u n k . If y o u go to the store for milk on a Sunday m o r n i n g without eating breakfast, y o u
are likely to c o m e h o m e w i t h donuts and orange j u i c e and L u c k y C h a r m s , too.
78
А
C h e c k your receipt
В
G o during slow times
С
G o shopping less often
D
Write d o w n everything y o u need
Е
Avoid trips to the corner store
F
S h o p on a full stomach
G
D o n ' t b u y j u n k food
Н
D o n ' t examine things y o u d o n ' t n e e d
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions (6—10) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В, C , or D). W r i t e y o u r
answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
The D o g o n are a tribe of poor, cave-dwelling, farming people in southern Mali in West Africa — hardly the
likeliest source of advanced astronomical data. Yet according to a study of these people during 1946—50 b y
French anthropologists Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen, published in 1950, the D o g o n priests k n o w of
a tiny secret star that they call Po. T h e y state that it is composed of an exceedingly h e a v y substance and orbits
the brilliant dog-star Sirius in a 50-year cycle, pursuing an elliptical path.
There is indeed such a star — Sirius B , first recorded scientifically in 1862, and so dense that a cubic metre
of its matter weighs about 20,000 tonnes. Moreover, its orbit is just as the D o g o n describe, w h i c h m a k e s all the
more remarkable the fact that Sirius В is totally invisible to the h u m a n eye and w a s photographed for the first
time as recently as 1970.
So h o w do the D o g o n k n o w so m u c h about it? Their explanation is even m o r e remarkable, for they claim
to h a v e received their astronomical information (which also includes knowledge of Saturn's rings and the four
major m o o n s of Jupiter) from a race of space beings called the N o m m o s that visited the earth long ago from
the Sirius star system!
In The Sirius Mystery, researcher Robert K. G. Temple supports an extraterrestrial origin for the D o g o n data,
but others are very sceptical. A m e r i c a n cosmologist D r Carl Sagan considers it far m o r e likely that they gained
their k n o w l e d g e from travelling Europeans around 1930 — a time w h e n details of Sirius, its tiny companion star
and other astronomical data later b e c a m e familiar in the Western world. It's a very probable solution, but one
that m a y yet b e disproved in a highly sensational manner. T h e D o g o n also speak of a second star orbiting Sirius,
at right angles to Sirius B . T h e y call it emmeya
("sun of w o m e n " ) , but it is presently u n k n o w n to science: so
w h a t will scientists say if one day they discover that this star really does exist?
79
6
According to the text, the D o g o n are
.
A West African people from another planet
В a group of Africans raising crops or animals
C F r e n c h priests interested in Sirius
D anthropologists w h o live in M a l i
7
W h i c h of the following is T R U E about Pol
A It can b e seen from Sirius star system.
В Its description r e m i n d s of Sirius B .
C It w a s discovered in 1950 b y French astronomers.
D It has a n elliptical form.
8
T h e D o g o n state that they learned about Po
from
.
A aliens from far a w a y
В F r e n c h anthropologists
C African astrologists
D A m e r i c a n cosmologists
9
T h e extraterrestrial origin of the D o g o n data will b e p r o v e d w h e n
_.
A the D o g o n share knowledge about Sirius В
В scientists discover another satellite o f Sirius
C the orbit o f the dog-star Sirius is calculated
D data about Saturn's angles are obtained
10
W h i c h of the following is N O T stated in the text?
A S o m e scientists disbelieve the D o g o n version.
В E u r o p e a n s traveled in West Africa last century.
C Sirius В w a s discovered in the nineteenth century.
D T h e D o g o n get the information from the N o m m o s .
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) t o ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to
use. M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TRADITIONS AND SUPERSTITIONS
11 ^Red t a p e ' is a c o m p l i c a t e d a n d a n n o y i n g set o f rules. A p e r s o n found doing s o m e t h i n g w r o n g is said
to h a v e b e e n ' c a u g h t r e d - h a n d e d ' . If s o m e o n e is ' i n t h e r e d ' t h e y o w e the b a n k money. R e d also suggests
excitement.
80
12 Black
is often associated w i t h b a d t h i n g s . A ' b l a c k d a y ' is a day o n w h i c h a disaster takes place,
e.g. B l a c k M o n d a y . A ' b l a c k l o o k ' s h o w s a n g e r or hatred. B u t seeing a black cat is said to bring luck.
S o m e b o d y w h o ' s e e s things in black and w h i t e ' thinks everything is either b a d or good.
13 Green in traffic lights m e a n s ' g o ' , a n d if a p e r s o n is ' g i v e n the green light' they h a v e permission to d o
something. G r e e n is associated w i t h nature, and p e o p l e w h o are g o o d at g r o w i n g p l a n t s are said to h a v e ' a
green t h u m b ' or ' g r e e n fingers'.
14 Yellow is a w a r n i n g color. In the U S school b u s e s are also yellow. A m e r i c a n s tie a y e l l o w r i b b o n r o u n d
a tree in their g a r d e n to r e m e m b e r s o m e b o d y w h o has g o n e to fight in a war.
15 Blue is associated with value: a blue chip (counter) h a s a h i g h value in poker, and ' h l u e - c h i p ' stocks are
a g o o d place to invest money. A blue r i b b o n is g i v e n for first p r i z e in a show. S o m e t h i n g that h a p p e n s ' o n c e
in a b l u e m o o n ' is very rare.
16 White color is associated with Christmas and snow, H a l l o w e e n is celebrated with orange, pink is
associated w i t h St. Valentine's Day. O n I n d e p e n d e n c e day, everything is red, white a n d b l u e , the colors of the
A m e r i c a n flag.
W h i c h color s h o w s that
A
y o u h a v e a particular festive?
В
something is fashionable?
C
y o u are in debt?
D
y o u will succeed in future?
E
there are attractions nearby?
F
a soldier used to live there?
G
y o u h a v e got an a w a r d ?
H
one can b e a g o o d gardener?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from (A—H) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need t o u s e . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e O l y m p i c rings, (17) _.
, are five interlaced rings of blue, yellow, black, green, and red o n a
white background. T h e fag w a s designed b y B a r o n Pierre d e Coubertin in 1913. T h e O l y m p i c rings represent
five continents (Africa, the A m e r i c a s , Asia, Australia, a n d E u r o p e ) a n d are interlaced to (18)
. At
least one of the five colors is found in the flag of every nation in the world.
81
T h e first O l y m p i c flag, w h i c h w a s approximately 10 feet b y 6.5 feet, w a s m a d e at the B o n M a r c h e store
in Paris, France, and flew o v e r t h e O l y m p i c s t a d i u m d u r i n g t h e 1 9 2 0 g a m e s in A n t w e r p , B e l g i u m . T h e
O l y m p i c m o t t o "Citius,
Altius,
Fortius
" w a s also on the flag, Latin for "faster, higher, stronger." T h e flag
w a s m a d e of satin and (19)
Antwerp
. B e c a u s e it first flew at the A n t w e r p O l y m p i c s , it w a s called "the
flag."
This original flag w a s flown at every O l y m p i c s from 1920 to І 984. After 64 years of use, (20)
and
a n e w flag m a d e of K o r e a n silk w a s presented b y Korea. It w a s first flown in the 1988 O l y m p i c G a m e s .
If y o u look closely at the O l y m p i c flag, y o u ' l l see h o w (21)
significant that (22)
so that n o n e can b e r e m o v e d . It's
m e e t at the O l y m p i c g a m e s , w h e r e they are j o i n e d together in a c o m m o n
event.
A
the flag started showing signs of w e a r
В
the official e m b l e m of the O l y m p i c G a m e s
C
a s y m b o l of unity around the w o r l d
D
the five rings are interlaced
E
athletes and spectators from all over the w o r l d
F
demonstrate the p o w e r of the countries
G
represent the u n i o n of these continents
H
the rings and m o t t o w e r e e m b r o i d e r e d
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r
(А, В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
S o c c e r is the m o s t p o p u l a r sport in the w o r l d , b u t a form o f tennis is the second m o s t popular sport. It's
table tennis or P i n g - P o n g . This sport is p l a y e d b y m o r e p e o p l e in the U n i t e d States than baseball or football.
(23)
n o o n e k n o w s for s u r e , it is b e l i e v e d t h a t t a b l e tennis (24)
in E n g l a n d
a r o u n d the 12th century as a parlor g a m e version o f R o y a l Tennis, as tennis w a s called then. Initially all the
e q u i p m e n t w a s improvised. A piece of cardboard w a s the paddle, b o o k s w e r e (25)
to form
a "net," and the ball w a s often a ball o f string.
In the late 1800s, (26)
of sporting goods started m a k i n g official cable tennis e q u i p m e n t such
as solid rubber or cork balls. T h e s e early versions of table tennis w e r e called b y (27)
n a m e s such
as G o s s i m a , Whiff Whaff, and F l i m - F l a m .
J a m e s G i b b , an E n g l i s h m a n (28)
the U n i t e d States, saw children playing w i t h plastic toy balls
and took s o m e b a c k to E n g l a n d to use for table tennis. T h e y w e r e an instant hit. Parker Brothers, Inc., h a d b e e n
m a k i n g s o m e table tennis e q u i p m e n t at the t i m e and liked the sound of the plastic ball (29)
82
the
table. T h e y decided to (30)
their version of the g a m e after the sound of the ball. T h e y called it
Ping-Pong.
A s the g a m e (31)
in popularity, national and international associations w e r e formed. T h e
U n i t e d States Table Tennis A s s o c i a t i o n w a n t e d to p u r c h a s e r i g h t s to t h e n a m e P i n g - P o n g b u t could not
c o m e to an (32)
w i t h Parker Brothers, so they n a m e d the sport table tennis.
23
A
A s though
В
When
C
Although
D
Unless
24
A
invented
В
originated
C
introduced
D
spread
25
A
used
В
made
c
utilized
D
carried
26
A
designers
в
stylists
c
manufacturers
D
inventors
27
A
strange
в
several
c
particular
D
various
28
A
inspecting
в
visiting
c
viewing
D
observing
29
A
hitting
в
reaching
c
getting
D
jumping
30
A
specify
в
appoint
c
name
D
mention
31
A
increased
в
developed
c
improved
D
grew
32
A
agreement
в
decision
c
conclusion
D
treaty
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or
D ) . W r i t e y o u r answers o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y D O W E CALL A C A D E M Y AWARDS «OSCARS»?
(33)
1928, the A c a d e m y Awards have b e e n issued (34)
the A m e r i c a n A c a d e m y
o f M o t i o n P i c t u r e A r t s a n d S c i e n c e s for e x c e l l e n c e in f i l m m a k i n g . T h e s t a t u e t t e s ( 3 5 )
" O s c a r " in 1931 b y M a r g a r e t H e r r i c k , a secretary at t h e a c a d e m y w h o , u p o n ( 3 6 )
(37)
o n e for
first t i m e , e x c l a i m e d , " W h y it l o o k s j u s t l i k e m y u n c l e O s c a r . " H e r uncle w a s O s c a r
Pierce, a w h e a t farmer.
33
A
In
В
Since
C
From
D
At
34
A
between
В
on
C
with
D
by
35
A
were nicknamed
В
nick-named
c
been nick-named
D
being nick-named
36
A
seeing
в
seen
c
see
D
sees
37
A
a
в
c
an
D
the
83
LET T H E R E BE LIGHT
T h o m a s A l v a E d i s o n is c o n s i d e r e d o n e o f t h e g r e a t e s t inventors in history.
I n 1 8 7 7 a n d 1 8 7 8 , E d i s o n i n v e n t e d a n d d e v e l o p e d t h e c a r b o n m i c r o p h o n e (38)
all t e l e p h o n e s . Edison is (39)
invent the light bulb, but rather h e i m p r o v e d u p o n a 50-(40)
i n v e n t o r s (41)
in
for the electric light bulb. Contrary to popular belief, h e d i d n ' t
-old idea. T h e p r o b l e m other
w a s t h e ability to m a k e it w o r k for l o n g p e r i o d s o f t i m e . E d i s o n s o l v e d
t h i s p r o b l e m a n d created a light b u l b that sustained light for 4 0 straight h o u r s . M o r e i m p o r t a n t l y , h e c r e a t e d
a s y s t e m that a l l o w e d h o m e s a n d b u s i n e s s e s (42)
38
39
A
A
40
41
A
A
42
A
using
the m o s t
famous
years
have
encountered
b e supplied
with electricity.
В
В
was used
still m o r e famous
C
C
used
m u c h famous
D
D
was using
a m o s t famous
В
в
year's
were
encountered
supplied
c
c
years'
had
encountered
have been
supplied
D
D
year
are e n c o u n t e r e d
D
to b e supplied
в
c
WRITING
43
Your p e n friend complains h e has been v e r y b u s y lately, attending school, studying for e x a m s , taking
preparatory courses, going to the gym. H e is upset because h e is always in a hurry, but still always has a
lot of things to d o and too little time to d o t h e m properly. Write a letter in which:
•
tell about y o u r routine at present
•
say w h a t y o u r priorities are
•
give advice o n time m a n a g e m e n t
•
tell about your plans for the future.
Write a letter o f at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
84
TEST 9
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to (1—5). T h e r e are three choices you don't need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
HOW TO BE ORGANIZED
1
For those unfamiliar with the term " b i g r o c k s " , basically it refers to the major things y o u w a n t to achieve
during the w e e k . I try to p l a n m y w e e k a h e a d o f time (usually Sunday evening) b y placing these "big
r o c k s " first. F o r e x a m p l e , m y health is a priority for m e , so.yesterday I looked at the w e e k ahead a n d
p l a c e d the " b i g r o c k s " relating to exercise into m y schedule.
2
It is one thing to m a k e rules, but t h e y are worthless if y o u lack the discipline to stick to them. In fact, this
is probably w o r s e as then y o u j u s t feel guilty about not sticking to them. O n e of m y favorite quotes says
that "the price o f discipline is always less than the pain of regret". This is a great quote to m e m o r i z e and
repeat to yourself.
3
T h e p o w e r of " n o " is j u s t as important. I a m a fairly sensitive person, so I hate telling p e o p l e " n o " . B u t in
recent times I h a v e had to develop this skill to ensure that I a m not o v e r w h e l m e d b y various c o m m i t m e n t s .
A n d in m o s t cases I find that as long as I a m polite about it, people respect m y answer.
4
I spend a lot of time o n the computer. I realize, t h o u g h , that it is incredibly important to h a v e plenty of
time " u n p l u g g e d " . Just yesterday w e w e n t for a nice long w a l k in Stanley Park in Vancouver, a n d it left
m e feeling incredibly clear-headed a n d at p e a c e . Later in the evening w h e n I did j u m p o n the computer,
I got d o n e in 1 hour w h a t w o u l d often take 2 + h o u r s . I ' m sure the fresh air and being in nature h a d a lot
to do with this.
5
I o w e a big thanks to all m y online friends w h o help m e out. I ' m a big believer that if I w a n t something,
I should j u s t ask for it. F o r this reason I w a s not shy in asking for a h a n d , but at the s a m e time I like to
think I help m y friends out j u s t as m u c h as they d o m e .
A C h a n g e y o u r old b o r i n g daily routine
В Turn to p e o p l e for support
C I m p r o v e y o u r health a n d fitness level
D R a n k your actions in order of importance
E A t t e n d groups specifically for teenagers
F Find time for fun a n d relaxation
G B e strong e n o u g h to refuse s o m e t i m e s
H Force yourself to d o the planned things
88
TASK 2
R e a d t h e t e x t b e l o w . F o r q u e s t i o n s (6—10) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В , C , o r D ) . W r i t e y o u r
answers on the s e p a r a t e a n s w e r sheet.
M a n y flamingos live around hot volcanic lakes. T h e v e r y n a m e flamingo is associated w i t h fire and brings
to m i n d the m y t h i c a l firebird, the p h o e n i x . In b o t h G r e e k and E g y p t i a n mythology, the p h o e n i x w a s a bird as
large as a n eagle w i t h bright scarlet a n d gold feathers a n d a melodious cry. E v e r y m o r n i n g the p h o e n i x w o u l d
bathe in the cool w a t e r of a n e a r b y well a n d sing a song so beautiful that the sun god w o u l d stop his chariot
to listen.
T h e r e w a s only one p h o e n i x in the world at any given t i m e and it lived for at least 500 years. W h e n the
p h o e n i x felt death c o m i n g , it w o u l d build a-nest of aromatic t w i g s , set it o n fire, and b e c o n s u m e d by the
flames. A n e w p h o e n i x w o u l d t h e n miraculously e m e r g e from the funeral nest. In one version of the legend, it
would e m b a l m its a n c e s t o r s ' ashes in an e g g m a d e of m y r r h , t h e n fly to the City of the Sun (Heliopolis) to lay
the e g g on the altar of the sun g o d R a . E g y p t i a n s associated the p h o e n i x w i t h immortality, an idea that carried
on t h r o u g h R o m a n t i m e s . T h e R o m a n s thought that R o m e w o u l d last forever. In fact, they called it the E t e r n a l
City. T h e i m a g e of a p h o e n i x a p p e a r e d on R o m a n coins as a s y m b o l of u n d y i n g R o m e .
In 1965 J i m m y Stewart a p p e a r e d in a wonderful film called The Flight of the Phoenix.
I n the film a cargo
plane crashes in the Libyan desert d u r i n g a fierce s a n d s t o r m . A l t h o u g h the twelve m e n survive the crash, they
k n o w that search planes will not find t h e m , a n d t h e y are short of food a n d water. O n e of the m e n , a designer
of m o d e l airplanes, p r o p o s e s that t h e y rip off the one u n d a m a g e d w i n g and u s e it as the basis for an airplane
that they will build to fly t h e m to a n oasis 2 0 0 m i l e s away. T h e y succeed, a n d the n e w plane e m e r g e s from the
w r e c k a g e of the old, j u s t as the p h o e n i x arises from its o w n ashes.
S o m e say that the p h o e n i x represents the ability to leave the world and its p r o b l e m s b e h i n d while
flying
t o w a r d the sun in clean, clear blue skies. N o t a b a d idea at all.
6
W h i c h of the following is T R U E , according to p a r a g r a p h 1 ?
A F l a m i n g o s like cold water.
В F l a m i n g o s are mythical birds.
C F l a m i n g o s h a v e a beautiful voice.
D F l a m i n g o s h a v e a habitat in w a r m places.
7
W h a t is N O T stated p a r a g r a p h 2 ?
A P h o e n i x k n e w w h e n h e w o u l d die.
В P h o e n i x m a d e the place to die.
C
P h o e n i x u s e d a n c e s t o r s ' eggs.
D Phoenix burned himself down.
89
8
W h a t is phoenix, according to the text?
A a
flamingo
В a large eagle
C an i m m o r a l bird
D an immortal bird
9
W h y d i d n ' t the t w e l v e m e n die in The Flight of the
Phoenix?
A T h e y constructed another plane.
В A terrible sandstorm stopped.
C T h e y found food and water.
D T h e y repaired the plane.
10
A c c o r d i n g to the text, P h o e n i x symbolizes the ability
A A to sing nice songs
В to be close to g o d
C to live for 500 years
D to forget about troubles
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to
use. M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
Doddington
Place. Tel: (01795) 8 8 6 1 0 1 . Beautiful landscaped gardens covering ten acres. Fine examples of
lawns, avenues and clipped hedges. Spectacular w o o d l a n d garden with magnificent azaleas and rhododendrons.
E d w a r d i a n rock garden and formal sunken garden. O p e n : M a y - S e p t : Sundays 2 p m - 6 pm; Wednesdays and
B a n k Holiday M o n d a y s 11 a m - 6 p m . = T e y n h a m - 4 miles.
12
Nash Court, near Boughton.
Tel: (01227) 5 1 1 4 4 . S p e n d a w o n d e r f u l d a y ! Enjoy the animal area, & see
traditional and rare breeds of farm animals, birds o f prey and shire horses. Exciting farm trails, m u s e u m ,
refreshments. O p e n i n g times 1 M a r c h - 1st N o v e m b e r . Winter groups b y appointment.
13
Faversham
Churches.
Second largest in Kent. In the sanctuary are murals b y famous illustrator E d w a r d
Ardizzone. A t St. Catherine's Church, Preston Lane, the Boyle T o m b of 1629 provides links with Robert
Boyle, discoverer of 'Boyles L a w ' , familiar to physics students
90
14
Air Power
Park
With its collection of authentic vintage j e t s , missiles, a n d rockets, the rarified a t m o s p h e r e o f air and space
c o m e s to life for visitors o n this 15-acre site in H a m p t o n . A d m i s s i o n is free to the park. O p e n 8 a m to
4 : 3 0 p m daily. Closed Thanksgiving Day, D e c . 25 and J a n . l . 7 2 7 - 1 1 6 3 .
15
Throwley,
near F a v e r s h a m . Tel: (01795) 0 2 . L a t e 18 c e n t u r y c o u n t r y m a n s i o n set in b e a u t i f u l p a r k l a n d .
Seat of Harris family since 1 8 0 1 , it c o n t a i n s m a n y i n t e r e s t i n g m e m e n t o s o f t h e f a m i l y ' s c o n n e c t i o n s
w i t h India. O p e n Saturdays, Sundays and B a n k Holiday M o n d a y s . G u i d e d tours 2 p m - 5 p m . Last admission
4.30 p m .
16
The Custom
House
A s the first control point for c o m m e r c e in A m e r i c a , this 1720 facility is considered "the cradle o f
the
A m e r i c a n tariff s y s t e m . " A historical attraction operated b y the C o m p t e d e Grasse C h a p t e r o f the Daughters
o f the A m e r i c a n Revolution. O p e n s u m m e r s . F r e e admission. Call 890-2806 for hours.
A You'll see a collection of aircraft
В It invites y o u to out-of-doors shows
C You will k n o w m o r e about trade
D Y o u ' l l see exhibits, including Oriental ones
E A well-known scientist w a s buried here
F It has o p e n spaces for children to play
G In s o m e seasons y o u m u s t b o o k in a d v a n c e
H You will enjoy a wonderful view
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the one w h i c h best fits e a c h space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WHAT M A K E S SLED DOGS RUN?
T h e r e is one m a i n reason w h y sled dogs r u n . T h e y love it! A l t h o u g h they all love to r u n , they h a v e to
be (17)
. H o w well they learn to p e r f o r m in a t e a m d e p e n d s on their driver, w h o is called a
"musher."
A l t h o u g h (18)
, the t w o m o s t p o p u l a r b r e e d s are the A l a s k a n m a l a m u t e a n d the Siberian
husky. T h e A l a s k a n m a l a m u t e is a large dog, w e i g h i n g 75 to 85 p o u n d s , a n d is u s e d for pulling h e a v y
weights. T h e Siberian h u s k y is faster and smaller, w e i g h i n g 35 to 65 p o u n d s . T h e huskies w e r e originally
91
(19)
. O t h e r popular sled dogs are the samoyed, laika, and A m e r i c a n E s k i m o breeds. T h e y are
all large and powerful dogs w i t h thick coats a n d great stamina. A t e a m of such dogs (20)
T h e u s e of sled dogs goes b a c k t h o u s a n d s of years. T h e y (21)
.
but also for protection,
hunting, a n d c o m p a n i o n s h i p . F a m o u s polar explorers such as B y r d , Peary, and A m u n d s e n all u s e d sled dogs.
A r o u n d 1873, the Royal C a n a d i a n M o u n t e d Police used d o g - t e a m patrols, and other dog teams delivered mail
throughout Alaska and Canada.
In
some
(22)
areas
of the world,
dog t e a m s
are
still u s e d
for
transportation,
but most
of
them
.
A can pull a sled and person for h u n d r e d s of miles
В used for herding reindeer, pulling loads, and other tasks
C are n o w engaged in the sport of sled d o g racing
D w e r e used not only for transportation
E almost any large d o g can b e trained to pull a sled
F w e r e the best sled dogs in the w o r l d
G trained to run h a r m o n i o u s l y as part of a d o g t e a m
H kept the breed pure for h u n d r e d s of years
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r
(А, В , C or D). W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A l t h o u g h the first t y p e w r i t e r w a s patented in 1714 in E n g l a n d , the inventor never (23)
to
actually build a m a c h i n e and the details of his design have b e e n lost forever. It w a s almost 100 years later w h e n
Pellegrino Turri invented and built t y p e w r i t e r s in 1808. N o n e of his m a c h i n e s has (24)
, but
some d o c u m e n t s created by t h e m still exist.
(25)
to 1860 n o n e of the t y p e w r i t e r s h a d keyboards. T h e y h a d a selector dial for choosing
a letter and a lever that w a s pulled to (26)
the impression on the paper.
C h r i s t o p h e r L a t h a m Sholes invented a t y p e w r i t e r w i t h a keyboard. Typists u s i n g the newly invented
k e y b o a r d u s e d either t w o or four
fingers,
(27)
p e c k " system to find the letter they (28)
(29)
the keyboard, a n d u s e d the "hunt-andto t y p e . M r s . M . V. L o n g l e y h a d a better idea and
a n "all-finger" m e t h o d . T h i s idea led to the invention of the " t o u c h - t y p i n g " system by
F r a n k M c G u r r i n . I n 1888 M c G u r r i n c o m p e t e d w i t h Louis Taub, the c h a m p i o n four-finger typist. M c G u r r i n
easily w o n , a n d his n e w touch-typing system soon (30)
t h r o u g h o u t the c o u n t r y a n d the world.
Typewriters have c o m e a long w a y since then. Yet w i t h all of the (31)
the s a m e k e y b o a r d design that w a s invented in the 1860s. In spite of m a n y attempts to (32)
keyboard layout, it is still the s a m e .
92
, w e are still using
the
23
А
dreamt
В
bothered
C
annoyed
D
irritated
24
А
lived
В
lasted
C
continued
D
survived
25
А
Prior
В
Previous
c
Former
D
Earlier
26
А
do
в
shape
c
make
D
build
27
А
looked over
в
looked through
c
looked at
D
looked for
28
А
wanted
в
saw
c
knew
D
searched
29
А
began
в
grew
c
started
D
developed
ЗО
А
applied
в
spread
c
reached
D
distributed
31
А
advances
в
news
c
approaches
D
offers
32
А
shift
в
change
c
replace
D
convert
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D).
W r i t e your answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
HOW M A N Y MOVIES A R E M A D E ANNUALLY IN HOLLYWOOD?
T h e r e h a s n ' t b e e n a m o v i e (33)
in H o l l y w o o d since 1911, w h e n , fed u p w i t h r a m s h a c k l e sets
and the chaotic influence of hordes of actors and c r e w s , (34)
C o m p a n y and w r o t e an o r d i n a n c e (35)
of the n a m e (36)
(37)
t o w n tossed out the Nestor Film
the building of any future studios. Even so, the m a g i c
, and so the industry w e call H o l l y w o o d g r e w u p a r o u n d that little t o w n in
places as B u r b a n k , Santa M o n i c a , a n d Culver C i t y — b u t not in H o l l y w o o d .
33
A
was made
В
making
C
made
D
to m a k e
34
A
a
В
the
C
an
D
-
35
A
forbidding
В
forbidden
c
forbids
D
forbade
36
A
has established
в
w a s established
c
established
D
is established
37
A
so
в
as
c
such
D
both
THE BUSINESS OF BETTERING THE WORLD
Most c o m p a n i e s and businesspeople (38)
they w a n t to m a k e the world a better, cleaner,
and safer place. A n i t a Roddick, founder of T h e B o d y Shop, actually built her business a r o u n d these values.
Before R o d d i c k o p e n e d the first B o d y Shop in 1976, the British native traveled widely. She (39)
m a n y interesting locally g r o w n products. H e r first store in E n g l a n d (40)
to
only a handful of
personal-care items, w h i c h u s e d ingredients such as aloe v e r a and c o c o a butter.
93
(41)
by R o d d i c k , T h e B o d y Shop also supported a n u m b e r of causes. In M a r c h 2 0 0 6 , T h e
B o d y Shop w a s b o u g h t by L'Oreal. S o m e people w e r e w o r r i e d that the n e w o w n e r s (42)
the
w a y T h e B o d y Shop w a s r u n . But R o d d i c k r e m a i n e d confident that the " g r e e n " c o m p a n y she created w o u l d
stay t r u e to its values.
38 A
said
В
h a d said
C
say
D
w e r e said
39 A
introduced
В
h a d introduced
C
w a s introduced
D
introduces
40 A
sold
В
has sold
c
w a s sold
D
h a d sold
41 A
Lead
в
Led
c
Leading
D
Leaded
42 A
change
в
would change
c
will c h a n g e
D have changed
WRITING
43
You h a v e a part t i m e j o b in a students' canteen. T h e m a n a g e r wants to m a k e this place m o r e popular a n d
asked y o u to write a report w i t h the r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s of your o w n . Write y o u r report dwelling on the
following questions:
•
explain the p u r p o s e of your report
•
give e x a m p l e s a n d say w h y the canteen is not always p o p u l a r w i t h y o u n g people
•
briefly describe t w o dishes which are not popular w i t h y o u n g people
•
r e c o m m e n d y o u r m e n u , e n t e r t a i n m e n t , interior.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not w r i t e any dates and addresses.
94
TEST 10
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices you don't need to use.
W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
STRESS REDUCTION TIPS
1
" W h e n the pressure and stress of the semester begins to build and y o u c a n ' t imagine h o w y o u can possibly
accomplish everything y o u need to do, m a k e a list. Put everything that needs to b e d o n e on the list, including
class assignments, grocery shopping, laundry and even partying. This will help y o u to be m o r e organized and
r e m e m b e r everything y o u n e e d to do.
- By Sue
Amendolara
2
" W e all k n o w the importance of maintaining a car. W e can p u s h it to the limit, but sooner or later it starts to
run poorly. Unfortunately, w e tend to forget these simple truths w h e n t h e y ' r e applied to college life. We ignore
w a r n i n g signs such as decreased productivity and a negative attitude. Personal m a i n t e n a n c e m a y include very
simple activities such as taking a w a l k in the snow or having dinner with a friend."
- By Gary
LaBine
3
" D i d y o u k n o w that college students are considered one of the most depressed and lonely groups w h e n
c o m p a r e d to the general population? Often students try to deal with these p r o b l e m s with parties and drinking.
Instead, look to friends, professors, religion, or anything that will h a v e personal m e a n i n g to you. There are so
m a n y w o r t h w h i l e activities at your university j u s t waiting for y o u to discover them. You will be surprised h o w
m a n y people are looking for the same type of interaction y o u need
- By Tacie
Thomas
4
" H a v e y o u ever thought about the influence of the person y o u see in the mirror? It takes a mature person to
honestly evaluate themselves. S o m e of us h a v e told ourselves or w e r e told b y others that w e d i d n ' t possess the
qualities of a good student. It then b e c o m e s easy to quit trying Cast aside those behaviors that m a k e school
unnecessarily harder and limit your potential. Start today."
- By Roy
98
Shinn
" W h e n the pressure seems to b e getting to you, d o n ' t reach for the aspirin bottle. Try one of these instant stress
relievers. Take six deep breaths. Visit the B a h a m a s or any other pleasant place through your imagination. Walk
to the w i n d o w , w a t c h the birds. Exercise a n d stretching will i m p r o v e y o u r mind. Find s o m e t h i n g or s o m e o n e
w h o will m a k e y o u laugh.
- By Casey
Tierry
A Take a m e d i c i n e if necessary
В Consult a specialist
C C h a n g e your attitudes
D Write d o w n the tasks to b e d o n e
E D e v e l o p relationships
F Relax at times
G K e e p m o v i n g mentally and physically
H Travel to s o m e distant p l a c e
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. For questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A, В, C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WHO INVENTED CHEWING GUM?
H u m a n s have b e e n c h e w i n g on s o m e t h i n g since the d a w n of history, usually sap (resin) from various
trees or w a x . In 1848, John C u r t i s m a d e the first g u m in the United States w h e n h e cooked resin from a spruce
tree on his w o o d - b u r n i n g stove. In 1869, the first patent issued for c h e w i n g g u m w a s given to W i l l i a m Semple,
a dentist in Ohio, w h o invented a g u m to exercise the j a w s and stimulate the g u m s . It never sold, probably
b e c a u s e it w a s m a d e p r i m a r i l y of rubber.
T h e invention of g u m , as w e k n o w it today, c a m e about b e c a u s e of the friendship of t w o m e n , T h o m a s
A d a m s , a photographer, and A n t o n i o L o p e z de Santa A n n a , w h o had defeated the Texans at the A l a m o . W h e n
Santa A n n a w a s exiled from M e x i c o , he lived with A d a m s on Staten Island, N e w York. A d a m s h a d tried
different s c h e m e s to m a k e m o n e y but all h a d failed. Santa A n n a told h i m of a n idea that could m a k e A d a m s
wealthy. H e told h i m of a g u m m y substance that people in M e x i c o h a d b e e n c h e w i n g for t h o u s a n d s of years.
It w a s called chicle, the m i l k y sap from the sapodilla tree that g r o w s in the tropical rain forests of Central
A m e r i c a . But g u m w a s not on either's m i n d . T h e plan w a s to blend chicle and r u b b e r together to m a k e cheaper
tires, toys, and rainboots.
Santa A n n a had his friends in M e x i c o ship a ton of chicle to A d a m s . A l t h o u g h he l a b o u r e d for about a
year, e v e r y one of his e x p e r i m e n t s failed. He h a d not b e e n able to blend chicle a n d rubber. A vast a m o u n t of
useless chicle w a s stored in his w a r e h o u s e a n d A d a m s decided to t h r o w it all into the river.
B y sheer luck, A d a m s h a p p e n e d to go into a d r u g s t o r e and saw a little girl b u y some paraffin w a x
c h e w i n g g u m . H e r e m e m b e r e d that Santa A n n a h a d told h i m that M e x i c a n s c h e w e d chicle. Inspired, A d a m s
started m a k i n g unflavored p u r e chicle g u m . It sold extremely well and A d a m s built a thriving business.
99
Some years later, John Colgan, a drugstore o w n e r in Louisville, Kentucky, w a s selling a g u m he m a d e
from balsam tree sap a n d flavored with p o w d e r e d sugar. He h a d heard of how successful T h o m a s A d a m s w a s ,
so h e ordered 100 p o u n d s of chicle. H e started m a k i n g Taffy Tolu C h e w i n g G u m , which w a s so successful that
h e sold his d r u g s t o r e and devoted his t i m e to m a n u f a c t u r i n g c h e w i n g g u m .
A b r e a k t h r o u g h in g u m manufacture o c c u r r e d w h e n a p o p c o r n salesman, W i l l i a m J. W h i t e , started
e x p e r i m e n t i n g with a barrel of chicle a friend h a d given h i m . H e discovered how to flavor g u m . Chicle does
not absorb flavors, but sugar does. He c o m b i n e d flavors, such as p e p p e r m i n t , with c o r n s y r u p and then blended
the m i x t u r e with the chicle.
In 1899, the major g u m manufacturers united to b e c o m e the A m e r i c a n Chicle C o m p a n y . William White
w a s president a n d T h o m a s A d a m s , Jr., w a s c h a i r m a n of the board. You might see s o m e of their b r a n d s today,
such as Black Jack a n d B e e m a n ' s .
People have been c h e w i n g g u m ever since.
6
Which of the following is N O T stated in p a r a g r a p h 1?
A W. S e m p l e w a s never able to sell his g u m .
В People used to c h e w a substance m a d e by bees.
C T h e first patent for g u m belongs to a doctor.
D Curtis invented c h e w i n g g u m while cooking.
7
A c c o r d i n g to the p a s s a g e T h o m a s A d a m s
.
A took p h o t o s of Santa A n n a
В was going to p r o d u c e rubber things
C b o u g h t a ship from his Mexican friends
D w a s developing c h e w i n g g u m for a year
8
W h i c h of the following is T R U E of Santa A n n a ?
A H e w a s forced to leave M e x i c o .
В He defended the people of Texas.
C H e k n e w the M e x i c a n s ' habits well.
D H e m a d e a lot of m o n e y selling g u m .
9
T h e c h e w i n g g u m as w e k n o w it today
.
A w a s m a d e in a drugstore
В appeared due to a chance
C w a s a result of a 50-year research
D w o u l d have b e e n impossible without B e e m a n
10
G u m got extremely popular w h e n
A balsams were added to chicle
В it w a s sold together with popcorn
C its taste w a s variegated b y W. W h i t e
D chicle w a s c o m b i n e d with paraffin w a x
100
.
TASK 3
Read the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Brogdale R o a d , F a v e r s h a m . Tel: (01795) 53528 Brogdale is h o m e to the
National Fruit Collection w i t h over 2,300 different varieties of apples in 150 acres of beautiful Kentish
countryside. Large free car park, licensed Tea R o o m s , specialist plant Centre. G r o u p discounts. O p e n 9.30am
- 5.30pm every day except Christmas.
12
T h e Hill H o u s e
This four-story English b a s e m e n t dwelling in O l d e T o w n e contains the original furnishings collected b y
generations of the Hill family. Built in the early 1800's, it is the only h o m e of its kind in P o r t s m o u t h open
regularly to the public. O p e n Wed., Sat., Sun. l - 5 p m . A d m i s s i o n is 1$. N o r t h Street in O l d e Towne. 3 9 3 0241.
13
Preston Street, F a v e r s h a m . Tel: (01795) 5 3 4 5 4 2 . A 1 5
th
century former inn, h o u s i n g a m u s e u m w h i c h brings
1000 y e a r s of Faversham's history to life. Extensive range of souvenirs and b o o k s about Kent. Starting
point for Saturday m o r n i n g guided tours of F a v e r s h a m throughout the summer. O p e n i n g times: M o n d a y to
Saturday 10 a m - 4 p m , Sundays 10am - 1 p m . F a v e r s h o m - 5 minutes.
14
K e n t Wildlife Trust. O a r e M a r s h e s - internationally important area for birds. A t m o s p h e r i c coastal and
m a r s h l a n d w a l k s . B i r d w a t c h i n g hides. Watch H o u s e - converted old customs outpost overlooking the Swale
estuary with displays on the fascinating wildlife and history of the N o r t h K e n t M a r s h e s . O p e n i n g times:
Weekends and B a n k Holidays 11 a m - 5 p m or dusk. A d m i s s i o n free.
15
H e m h i l l , n e a r F a v e r s h a m . Tel: ( 0 1 2 2 7 ; 7 5 1 4 9 6 . Spectacular h o u s e and gardens set in the heart of an 800 acre
estate. O p e n spaces for children to play. W i n e on sale p r o d u c e d from M o u n t Ephraim's vineyards. O p e n i n g
t i m e s 1999: Easter -end S e p t e m b e r 1 p m - 6 p m . B a n k Holidays 11 a m - 6 p m . O p e n daily except Tuesdays
a n d Fridays. Gift shop, Craft Centre (Sundays only) and licensed tea r o o m .
16
Portside Festival Marketplace
F o r a quick bite b e t w e e n sights at O l d e T o w n e , try one of the casual open-air eateries at Portside. F r o m
steamed s h r i m p to pizza to G r e e k fare to frozen desserts—you'll love the festive a t m o s p h e r e a n d entertainment
393-5111.
101
A You'll see articles b o u g h t for r o o m s and h o u s e s
В Your kids will h a v e a n opportunity to h a v e fun
C You could h a v e a snack and relax a little there
D You'll p a y less if y o u visit it in s o m e c o m p a n y
E You will see pieces of art b y famous artists
F It u s e d to b e a small hotel s o m e h u n d r e d y e a r s ago
G Y o u ' l l see a w o r l d famous clock collection
H You d o n ' t h a v e to p a y for the visit to it
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space (17—22). T h e r e are t w o
choices you d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
PROM AND HOMECOMING
" P r o m " is the n a m e for a special d a n c e held at the end of the h i g h school a c a d e m i c year. Traditionally the p r o m
is a special night for the j u n i o r a n d senior classes. Younger guests m a y go to the p r o m only (17)
.
P r o m is a m e m o r a b l e a n d i m p o r t a n t night for m o s t h i g h school students. S o m e feel that it is the m o s t romantic
night of their lives and the highlight of their senior year!
Shopping for the p r o m dress (18)
. B o t h girls a n d boys w e a r formal. S o m e t i m e s there is a
p r o m t h e m e a n d couples dress according to the t h e m e . T h e p r o m festivities generally include d i n n e r and a
dance. T h e p r o m is often held at the school; (19)
or - m o r e u n u s u a l venues such as a cruise boat
to host p r o m night. A p r o m k i n g a n d q u e e n are a n n o u n c e d and c r o w n e d d u r i n g the night. Traditionally the
p r o m q u e e n a n d k i n g are chosen b y their fellow students. C a m p a i g n s are held in the w e e k s before the p r o m
a n d cast votes for (20)
. T h e k i n g a n d the q u e e n are c r o w n e d a n d d a n c e together to celebrate
their election.
H o m e c o m i n g is another a n n u a l a c a d e m i c tradition that h a p p e n s in h i g h 11 and colleges. H o m e c o m i n g
is largely associated w i t h football. People, t o w n s , h i g h schools a n d colleges c o m e together, usually in late
S e p t e m b e r or October, (21)
. T h e activities consist of a football g a m e played on the school's
football field, activities for students a n d a l u m n i , (22)
q u e e n and king, similar to the p r o m q u e e n a n d k i n g .
A to celebrate the r o m a n t i c event
В however, s o m e schools rent ballrooms
C to w e l c o m e b a c k alumni
D can b e an event o f its o w n
E a p a r a d e featuring the school's m a r c h i n g b a n d
F w h o t h e y w a n t t o b e king and q u e e n
G w h o t h e y invite to the p r o m
H if their date is a j u n i o r or a senior
102
, a n d the coronation of a h o m e c o m i n g
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. For each of the e m p t y spaces (23—32) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В, C or D). W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A l t h o u g h it a p p e a r s that a flamingo's k n e e s b e n d b a c k w a r d , they do not. T h e m i d d l e leg j o i n t that a p p e a r s
to be a k n e e is (23)
a n ankle. A flamingo's k n e e s are h i g h e r u p and h i d d e n b e n e a t h its feathers.
Its (24)
legs b e n d the s a m e (25)
as ours b u t i t s b o d y (26)
are in
different proportions.
A n c i e n t R o m a n s (27)
flamingo
t o n g u e s to b e a great delicacy.
T h e only (28)
of flamingo w i t h yellow legs and feet is the A n d e a n flamingo. It also has a
red spot b e t w e e n its nostrils.
A flamingo eats w i t h its head upside d o w n . It scoops u p w a t e r a n d m u d and (29)
its large
tongue to p u m p the solution t h r o u g h a filter in its b e a k that catches the food. A flamingo can filter u p to 20
beakfuls of w a t e r in (30)
one second.
F l a m i n g o s always w a l k on their toes.
W h e t h e r standing in water or on land, a flamingo can stand for h o u r s on one leg, w i t h the other leg
(31)
u n d e r its belly a n d the h e a d laid along its back.
F l a m i n g o s are v e r y noisy. T h e y (32)
s o u n d s such as nasal h o n k i n g , g r u n t i n g , and
growling.
A flamingo can live to b e over 50 y e a r s old.
23
A
actually
В
frankly
C
clearly
D
exactly
24
A
stretched
В
lengthy
C
long
D
big
25
A
means
В
technique
c
style
D
way
26
A
pieces
в
parts
c
bits
D
portions
27
A
considered
в
estimated
c
demonstrated
D
meant
28
A
sort
в
family
c
species
D
style
29
A
tries
в
uses
c
makes
D
shows
30
A
hardly
в
simply
c
exactly
D
just
31
A
folded
в
gathered
c
picked
D
collected
32
A
say
в
announce
c
make
D
compose
103
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e b r a i n h a s (33)
100 billion brain cells. T h e r e is n o scientific (34)
that older
people can't learn n e w things. It m a y s o m e t i m e s take t h e m a little longer, but they retain the n e w information
as well as y o u n g e r people.
Your b r a i n h a s e n o u g h storage capacity to record 10 million b o o k s .
C u r r e n t brain research indicates that if you (35)
your b r a i n active, y o u will r e m a i n mentally
sharp regardless of aging.
A signal from one b r a i n n e u r o n to another travels at about 2 0 0 m p h .
M a n y scientists believe that the b r a i n is (36)
structure in the (37)
universe.
33
A
rough
В
roughly
C
rougher
D
m u c h rougher
34
A
evidences
В
evidence's
C
evidence
D
evidences'
35
A
h a v e kept
В
kept
c
would keep
D
keep
36
A
most c o m p l e x
в
the m o s t c o m p l e x
c
still m o r e complex
D
more complex
37
В
know
с
knowing
D
known
D
be known
D u r i n g the late B r o n z e A g e a n d the Iron A g e , Celtic influence gradually (38)
___
from A u s t r i a and Switzerland to Britain and Ireland. Early in the 5th c e n t u r y (39)
n o r t h a n d west
King Arthur
fought on the side of the R o m a n o - B r i t i s h Celts against the A n g l o - S a x o n s .
Celtic society (40)
in tribes, each of w h i c h h a d a k i n g or chief. T h e r e w e r e three social
orders: w a r r i o r s and (41)
, d r u i d s (learned people), and o r d i n a r y people. T h e d r u i d s included
priests, doctors, musicians a n d the m o s t (42)
skilled craftsmen.
38
A
spreading
B
spread
C
h a d spread
D
h a d b e e n spread
39
A
-
В
а
C
the
D
an
40
A
b e i n g organized
В
organized
c
w a s organized
D
b e e n organized
41
A
noblemen
в
nobleman
c
noblemen's
D
nobleman's
42
A
highly
в
higher
c
high
D
highest
WRITING
43
Write a letter o f application, covering each of the following points:
•
r e a s o n s for w r i t i n g a letter
•
reasons for applying for a j o b
•
personal information (age, interests, l a n g u a g e skills)
•
suitability for the j o b .
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
104
TEST 11
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
E A S Y WAYS T O M A K E N E W F R I E N D S A N D M E E T P E O P L E
M e e t i n g people and m a k i n g friends can b e a w k w a r d and challenging. Try a few of these simple tips, and
y o u ' l l b e o n y o u r w a y in n o time.
1
Other p e o p l e like to k n o w t h e y ' r e heard a n d that their ideas are appreciated. B y being a g o o d listener, y o u
let others k n o w that y o u value w h a t they h a v e to say and, b y extension, w h o they are. If the conversation
goes well, ask the p e r s o n for his or her p h o n e n u m b e r or email, then m a k e plans to h a n g out.
2
Noticing something y o u like about s o m e o n e and sharing it with h i m or her is a great w a y to forge a
connection and start a conversation. W h e n giving a compliment, b e honest and genuine. E v e n if y o u ' r e
c o m p l i m e n t i n g s o m e t h i n g very small, it's likely to b e appreciated. You m i g h t even receive a c o m p l i m e n t
in return!
3
Put a w a y y o u r cell p h o n e from time to t i m e a n d take a look around. W h o seems funny ox interesting?
W h i c h p e o p l e in the r o o m h a v e y o u never talked to? W h o p a y s attention to y o u r ideas? M a k e a mental
note a n d spend a little time getting to k n o w these p e o p l e face-to-face.
4
H a v i n g an interest in c o m m o n with another p e r s o n gives b o t h of y o u s o m e t h i n g to talk about. N o matter if
that interest is reading, r u g b y or rock ' n ' roll, p u r s u i n g it w i t h other p e o p l e is fun and gives y o u a sense of
m e a n i n g a n d belonging. F o r m a b a n d or a b o o k club, or start an interest group online. You'll h a v e a circle
of friends before y o u k n o w it.
5
D o e s y o u r m a t h teacher give super-hard e x a m s ? Is your history teacher a l w a y s giving p o p quizzes? R o u n d
u p a few others from y o u r class to gather together each w e e k . Find out w h a t y o u r classmates like about the
teacher and w h a t they c a n ' t stand. M a k e flash cards together or quiz one another. Bring snacks and share
w h a t ' s g o i n g on in y o u r life. Y o u ' l l h a v e n e w friends before y o u k n o w it.
A S h o w p e o p l e that y o u can b e trusted
В F o r m a group of y o u r fellow students
C D o n ' t forget to call u p n e w friends
D Share y o u r h o b b y w i t h the n e w friends
E D e m o n s t r a t e that y o u are interested in the p e r s o n
F Try to notice p e o p l e beside y o u
G A c c e p t p e o p l e the w a y they are
H S p e a k highly of a person, b u t d o n ' t lie
108
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WHAT ARE THE ORIGINS OF THE HAMBURGER?
W e will probably never k n o w w h o first sold a b e e f inside a bun, but there are lots of contenders for having
invented something similar.
Genghis K h a n and his a r m y of M o n g o l h o r s e m e n used to snack o n r a w beef w h i c h they kept underneath
their saddles; this tenderized the m e a t so that it could b e eaten raw, and on the go. T h e y also g r o u n d m e a t from
l a m b or mutton. This w a s fast food for b u s y warriors w h o w e r e indented to build the largest empire in history.
W h e n the M o n g o l s invaded Russia, the s n a c k b e c a m e k n o w n as " S t e a k Tartare" (Tartar w a s the Russian n a m e
for the M o n g o l s ) .
M i n c e d beef w a s a delicacy in
fifteenth-century
E u r o p e . In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries trade
b e t w e e n G e r m a n y and Russia gave rise to the "Tartare steak", while the " H a m b u r g steak" b e c a m e popular w i t h
G e r m a n sailors along the N e w York City harbor.
It's speculated that the first " H a m b u r g e r steak" w a s served at D e l m o n i c o ' s Restaurant in N e w York City in
1834, but not in a bun. In 1885 Charlie " H a m b u r g e r " N a g r e e n served flattened meatballs b e t w e e n t w o slices
of bread. A s late as 1904 Fletcher Davis of A t h e n s , Texas, attracted m u c h m e d i a attention w h e n h e sold his
h a m b u r g e r s at the St. Louis W o r l d ' s Fair. D a v i s ' s claim to having originated the h a m b u r g e r has been supported
b y b o t h M c D o n a l d s and Dairy Queen. In 1980 D Q e v e n ran a c o m m e r c i a l filmed in A t h e n s w h i c h referenced
D a v i s ' s invention.
Brothers Frank and Charles M e n c h e s m a y also h a v e m a d e a major contribution to h a m b u r g e r history: they
sold ground pork sandwiches at the Erie Country Fair in N e w York, but one day in 1885, they w e r e forced to
use chopped b e e f because their butcher had run out of pork. T h e y m i x e d in s o m e coffee and b r o w n sugar to
" b e e f u p the taste and sold their " H a m b u r g e r S a n d w i c h e s . " T h e n a m e " H a m b u r g e r " c a m e from H a m b u r g ,
N e w York, the location of the fair.
Lionel C. Sternberger is believed to h a v e created the cheeseburger s o m e time b e t w e e n 1924 and 1926 on
G o l o r a d o Boulevard, in Pasadena.
6
W h i c h of the following is N O T stated about the M o n g o l s in paragraph 2?
A T h e y occupied the Russian territories.
В T h e y u s e d to eat while riding a horse.
C T h e y kept lambs a n d m u t t o n nearby.
D T h e y used to eat n o n c o o k e d meat.
7
W h a t does the author state?
A Tartar stake b e c a m e popular in the 1 7 century.
th
В M i n c e d beef appeared in the 15* century.
C H a m b u r g e r w a s first served in Germany.
D Sailors brought h a m b u r g e r steak to N e w York.
109
8
W h o m w a s " h a m b u r g e r steak" invented by, according to paragraph 4 ?
A Charlie " H a m b u r g e r " N a g r e e n
В Fletcher D a v i s
C McDonalds
D Delmonico
9
W h a t w a s the M e n c h e s ' contribution to h a m b u r g e r history?
A T h e y began to g r o u n d pork for sandwiches.
В T h e y u s e d another m e a t and a d d e d flavors.
C T h e y began to u s e c h o p p e d pork.
В T h e y c h a n g e d the taste of pork.
10
W h a t did " h a m b u r g e r " get its n a m e from?
A a man
В a fair
C the place
D the G e r m a n s
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
Court Street, Faversham Tel: (01795) 5 3 2 2 0 6 Discover the skills and traditions that go into m a k i n g Kent's
finest ales and lagers. Interesting and informative guided tours by arrangement, to book, and for further info,
p h o n e ( 0 1 7 9 5 ) 5 3 2 2 0 6 . F o r further details ring (01795) 5 4 2 1 7 3 . F a v e r s h a m — 10 m i n s .
12
Selling, nr F a v e r s h a m :
150 acres o f spectacular w o o d l a n d with abundant wildlife and
magnificent
rhododendrons. M a n y rare breeds nest in the w o o d l a n d s including woodpeckers. Walk for hours in beautiful
surroundings. Trail suitable for disabled. Excellent for picnic - areas provided.
13
T h e C a n d l e Factory
A n observation r o o m overlooks a w o r k i n g factory that p r o d u c e s over 1V2 million candles a year. A n
educational video presentation explains candle a n d soap m a k i n g , past and present, and the 30-year history
of the company. L o c a t e d at 7521
110
14
Colonial Photography
H a v e fun dressing u p in Colonial costume and create a portrait that will b e a k e e p s a k e of your Williamsburg
vacation! Portraits ready in one hour. Call for an appointment or j u s t c o m e by! 501 Prince George Street,
adjacent to the Historic Area. 2 2 9 - 1 7 0 2 .
15
With a total of 310 hectares, it is one of the largest broad leaved nature reserves in Britain. Trails of u p to 7
miles long, plus n e w dog-walkers trail, lead away from the car p a r k w h i c h is accessed from R o u g h C o m m o n
Village near Canterbury. Parking is available from 7 a m to one hour after sunset.
16
Colonial Williamsburg
T h e capital of Virginia from 1699-1781 has b e e n restored through the generosity o f J o h n D . Rockefeller,
Jr. and thousands of others. M a n y h o m e s , public buildings, trades shops, a n d gardens are open to the public
daily throughout the year. T h e Historic A r e a a l s o Offers re-created colonial taverns for dining and 18thcentury style shops. A d m i s s i o n . 2 2 0 - 7 6 4 5
A You'll see the places w h e r e p e o p l e used to eat 2 0 0 years ago
В You'll b e able to put on national clothes and get a picture
C It's the place w h e r e a day-long b o a t trips are organized
D You'll see h o w w a x sticks w h i c h give light are p r o d u c e d
E You'll get the information about the national drinks
F You'll b e able to h a v e a long p r o m e n a d e with y o u r pet
G It's convenient for p e o p l e w h o c a n ' t m o v e without assistance
H You'll enjoy historical items exhibited in an unusual building
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need to use.
THE MAN WHO DIDN'T DISCOVER AMERICA
Bjarni Herjulfson could h a v e b e c o m e one of the m o s t famous explorers in history, if only (17)
Bjarni w a s lost at sea. O n his w a y to Greenland, fierce a u t u m n storms (18)
!
. They had blown him
so far off course that h e h a d n o idea w h e r e h e w a s . O n c e the w e a t h e r cleared, h e w a s relieved to see land.
B u t this land looked totally unfamiliar. It h a d n o mountains or glaciers as Greenland did, only small hills and
forests. Bjarni d i d n ' t k n o w it, but he (19)
and sailed to w h a t is n o w Canada. His crew b e g g e d
h i m to land. If only h e h a d the spirit of a Christopher C o l u m b u s , this m i g h t h a v e b e e n a defining m o m e n t in
exploration. B u t Bjarni w a s intent on g o i n g h o m e , (20)
. So without even leaving his boat,
111
h e turned right around and headed out to sea. H e and his c r e w finally m a d e it to Greenland a w e e k later.
Years afterward, h e told his tale of adventure to a friend, w h o (21)
Eriksson staked his claim a s the first E u r o p e a n to (22)
. A n d so it w a s that Leif
.
A not going d o w n in history
В h a d crossed the Atlantic
C h e ' d gotten out of his boat
D decided to retrace B j a m i ' s course
E describing Bj a m i ' s j ourney
F h a d buffeted his ship for days
G not writing oral stories
H w a l k o n the A m e r i c a n continent
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (A,
В, C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WHAT DO THE INITIALS O K STAND FOR?
O K is not short for O k e y - D o k e y or a n y other such n o n s e n s e . This universally u s e d expression, (23)
all right, is o f rather recent A m e r i c a n (24)
. S o m e linguists maintain that A n d r e w Jackson first u s e d
the expression, having t a k e n it from the C h o c t a w Indian w o r d " o k e h . " It w a s , (25)
, popularized
b y Martin Van B u r e n .
Martin Van B u r e n w a s president of the U n i t e d States from 1837 to 1 8 4 1 . B o r n in K i n d e r h o o k , N e w York,
h e acquired the friendly n i c k n a m e " O l d K i n d e r h o o k . " H e (26)
reelection in 1840 against General
William H e n r y Harrison, w h o h a d the snappy n i c k n a m e " T i p p e c a n o e , " (27) _ _ _ _ _ _ to his famous victory
over the Indians at Tippecanoe. H a r r i s o n ' s running m a t e w a s J o h n Tyler, a n d their c a m p a i g n (28)
______
w a s " T i p p e c a n o e and Tyler t o o ! "
D u r i n g the election'campaign, Van B u r e n w a s (29)
n i c k n a m e s such as "the Little M a g i c i a n , "
" K i n g M a r t i n the First," a n d "the K i n d e r h o o k F o x " b y his political e n e m i e s . His supporters, i n . a ( n )
(30)
to i m p r o v e the public (31)
o f " O l d K i n d e r h o o k , " formed the D e m o c r a t i c O K
Club. T h e expression O K , m e a n i n g that Van B u r e n w a s all right b y the D e m o c r a t s , quickly (32)
across the nation, and w a s one of those slang t e r m s that refused t o g o away.
23
A
arranging
В
meaning
C
planning
D
classifying
24
A
base
В
birth
C
origin
D
foundation
25
A
however
В
still
c
both
D
yet
26
A
ran d o w n
в
ran away
C
ran for
D
ran out
112
27
А
concerning
В
applying
C
suggesting
D
referring
28
А
slogan
В
saying
C
proverb
D
legend
29
А
proclaimed
В
called
c
announced
D
said
ЗО
А
afford
в
try
c
effort
D
struggle
31
А
likeness
в
reflection
c
image
D
opinion
32
А
stretched
в
distributed
c
publicized
D
spread
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r each of the e m p t y s p a c e s (33—42) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В, C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y ARE YARDS A N D M E T E R S SO DIFFERENT IN LENGTH?
In (33)
century, H e n r y I of E n g l a n d decreed that a yard (34)
his n o s e to the t h u m b o f his (35)
the distance from
arm. A s crude as this s e e m s , H e n r y w a s only off b y o n e o n e -
h u n d r e d t h of an inch from t o d a y ' s version. T h e m e t e r w a s introduced b y (36)
F r e n c h after t h e
revolution and w a s intended to b e exactly one ten-millionth the distance (37)
the N o r t h Pole and
the equator, w h i c h w a s calculated as 39.37 inches.
33
A
the twelve
В
twelve
C
twelfth
D
the twelfth
34
A
is
В
will b e
c
would be
D
had been
35
A
outstretched
В
outstretches
c
outstretch
D
outstretching
36
A
a
the
c
an
D
-
37
A
through
в
в
between
c
among
D
from
ATOM-SMASHER
T h e m o s t powerful atom-smasher ever built could m a k e s o m e w e i r d discoveries, such as invisible matter
or extra dimensions in space.
B u t s o m e critics fear the Large H a d r o n Collider could e x c e e d (38)
i
_ _ wildest expectations: Will
it create a b l a c k hole that could swallow Earth? Ridiculous, say scientists.
"Obviously, the world will not end w h e n the L H C (39)
I thought that this w a s going to h a p p e n , I (40)
o n , " said project leader Lyn E v a n s . "If
well a w a y from h e r e , " h e said.
T h e collider basically consists of a ring o f m a g n e t s 17 miles in circumference (41)
to h u g e
barrel-shaped detectors. T h e ring, w h i c h crosses the F r e n c h and Swiss border, is b u r i e d 330 feet underground.
T h e safety o f the collider, w h i c h will generate energies seven times (42)
than its m o s t powerful
rival, at F e r m i l a b n e a r C h i c a g o , has b e e n debated for years.
113
38
А
physicist's
В
physicists
C physicists'
D physicist
39
А
switch
В
will b e switched
C switched
D switches
40
А
am
В
would be
c
was
D will b e
41
А
attached
в
attaching
c
attaches
D attach
42
А
high
в
more high
c
higher
D highest
WRITING
43
T h i n k of the best holiday y o u ' v e ever had. Write to y o u r pen-friend:
•
w h e r e y o u spent it
•
w h a t the w e a t h e r w a s like
•
w h i c h food y o u h a d
•
w h a t activities y o u w e r e e n g a g e d in.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
114
TEST 12
TASK 1
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TIPS F O R BETTER TIME M A N A G E M E N T
1
Take a w e e k and plot out w h a t y o u d o every day. B e honest. If y o u w a t c h 25 hours of T V each w e e k , write
it d o w n . You h a v e to include everything — g y m t i m e , eating, driving, w e e k l y meetings, all of it. It can
b e upsetting to see h o w little unstructured t i m e w e allow ourselves. B u t it's difficult to m a k e intelligent
decisions about using y o u r time m o r e effectively if y o u d o n ' t k n o w w h a t y o u ' r e doing w i t h y o u r t i m e
now.
2
T u r n off y o u r cell p h o n e a n d beeper. W h e n s o m e o n e asks y o u to do something that y o u really don't, h a v e
time to do, say so, politely, but firmly. A n d d o n ' t allow yourself to feel guilty. Part o f declining to do
things, is focusing o n y o u r goals. O n c e y o u k n o w exactly w h a t y o u h a v e time to do, turning d o w n things
that d o n ' t fit into y o u r priorities is easier.
3
Technology h e l p e d get y o u into the time b i n d in the first p l a c e , so use it to help get y o u out. Try s o m e
of the m a n y personal scheduling software p r o g r a m s that allow y o u to k e e p a calendar, " t o - d o " lists, and
p h o n e a n d address b o o k s o n your computer. U s e the t e c h n o l o g y to get rid of all the paper in your life. T h e
m o r e clutter y o u h a v e in y o u r life — p h o n e n u m b e r s o n slips o f paper, business cards in n o t e b o o k s — the
m o r e likely y o u are to w a s t e time trying to stay organized a n d o n top of things.
4
T h e r e ' s nothing w r o n g w i t h b e i n g ordinary. Set rational goals for yourself. It's a fine thing to strive to b e
your best. It's counter productive to try to b e the v e r y best. Setting unattainable expectations of y o u r s e l f
j u s t adds stress to y o u r life.
5
Finally, d o n ' t let any progress, h o w e v e r small, g o u n r e w a r d e d . U s e y o u r time diary to m a k e decisions
about h o w y o u w a n t to organize y o u r t i m e better. A s y o u m a k e progress let yourself enjoy that. It d o e s n ' t
h a v e to b e a b i g treat, m a y b e it can b e as simple as spending s o m e time b y yourself or getting a m a s s a g e .
It's important to a c k n o w l e d g e and enjoy y o u r success.
A T h r o w a w a y useless n o t e s
В Learn to say " n o "
C Prize yourself
D M a k e a t i m e diary
E Distinguish primary goals
F Plan every step
G D o n ' t b e a perfectionist
H R e m e m b e r to h a v e a b r e a k
118
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF SHOES
Shoes w e r e one of the first items m a n learned to m a k e . W h e n traversing rough, rocky terrain, h u m a n s
quickly realized the importance of finding a w a y to protect their feet. Historical records of Chinese, Egyptians
and other early civilizations all show m e n t i o n of shoes. T h e Bible also has frequent references to footwear".
E v e n fables and fairy tales p a s s e d d o w n over the centuries w e r e often b a s e d on shoes, including ' C i n d e r e l l a ' ,
' P u s s in B o o t s ' , ' M e r c u r y ' s W i n g e d S a n d a l s ' , and m a n y others.
T h e earliest people w o r e sock-like coverings on their feet. T h e first shoes w i t h a rigid sole, a sandal style,
w e r e created b y early Egyptians. N o t unlike today, the quality of the shoes w o r n reflected the status of the
wearer. Royalty w o r e sandals w i t h a toe that extended u p w a r d in a spiral while lesser beings w o r e plain-toed
sandals. Slaves, unfortunately, w e r e not allowed to w e a r shoes at all a n d h a d to go barefoot.
It w a s the G r e e k s w h o m a d e s h o e m a k i n g m o r e of an art form. T h e y also introduced the w o r l d to heeled
shoes.
T h e next advance in s h o e m a k i n g w a s w h a t is k n o w n as turned shoes, that is shoes that h a d the sole and
u p p e r sewn together and w e r e then turned inside out to hide the stitching. D u r i n g the M e d i e v a l era, pointed
shoes b e c a m e a fashion craze, but it soon got out of hand. M a n y g o v e r n m e n t s p a s s e d laws that restricted shoes
from having toes that extended m o r e than t w o inches from the end of a p e r s o n ' s foot.
Other shoe extremes followed, including square toed shoes and extremely w i d e shoes k n o w n as b e a r
claws. A n o t h e r outlandish foot fashion w a s elevated shoes that w o u l d raise w o m e n as far as t w o feet off the
ground. So m a n y w o m e n fell and w e r e injured, laws w e r e again p a s s e d to restrict the impractical shoes.
M e n ' s heels b e c a m e popular for the elite in the 17th and 18th centuries until the F r e n c h Revolution. H e e l
heights returned to n o r m a l levels after that as a s y m b o l o f equality.
In the 1800s N o r t h A m e r i c a saw the beginnings of a simple form of m e c h a n i c a l s h o e m a k i n g . This m a d e
it easier to m a k e shoes to fit t h e right or left foot. In fact, it has n o w b e e n nearly 1900 years since right and left
shoes b e g a n to b e differentiated, but it w a s difficult to p r o d u c e t h e m before the industrialized era b e g a n .
D u r i n g the late 1800s, basketball b e c a m e p o p u l a r and brought about the invention of one of the all-time
favorite shoes ever p r o d u c e d - the sneaker.
N e x t time y o u look at the h u g e variety of styles o f footwear available today, y o u m i g h t w a n t to stop and
think about w h a t our ancestors w o r e o n their feet. It will m a k e y o u grateful that y o u d i d n ' t h a v e to w a l k a m i l e
in their shoes.
119
6
All of the following concerning shoes is m e n t i o n e d in the p a s s a g e E X C E P T
A shoes could m a k e p e o p l e u p to half a m e t e r taller
В shoes are an indicator o f the w e a r e r ' s social position
C high-heeled shoes h a v e been w o m e n ' s prerogative
D m a n y b o o k s h a v e b e e n inspired b y sandal shoes
7
A c c o r d i n g to the passage
.
A the first shoes h a d a soft sole
В shoes w e r e invented later than socks
C the earliest people learned to m a k e shoes for either foot
D the choice of footwear material u s e d to b e influenced b y law
8
T h e underlined expression "got out of hand" is closest in m e a n i n g to
A shoes b e c a m e uncomfortable
В shoes drove their o w n e r s m a d
C shoe toes w e r e too long to feel safe
D fashionable shoes w e r e too e x p e n s i v e
9
W h i c h of the following w a s a m o n g the aspects restricted b y l a w ?
A the shape o f heels
В the shoe material
C the thickness of the sole
D the w i d t h o f shoe toes
10
It is stated in the passage that
.
.
A there used to b e groups o f p e o p l e w h o w e r e forbidden to w e a r shoes
В the first sports shoes are m o r e than t w o h u n d r e d y e a r s old
C w e h a v e h a d industrially p r o d u c e d shoes since the early 1900s
D high-heeled shoes first a p p e a r e d in F r a n c e in the M i d d l e A g e s
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 5 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n t h e separate a n s w e r sheet.
11. Water sign ruled b y the M o o n . It is the M o o n w h i c h determines C a n c e r e a n s '
" l u n a t i c " behaviour: a continuous alternation of m e l a n c h o l y and joy. T h e y are sweet,
conservative, capricious, enigmatic and fanciful. T h e y fear the uncertainty of w h a t ' s
n e w a n d o f future things, a n d hate violence in all its forms. T h e y are e x t r e m e l y shy
and romantic.
120
то
12. Fire sign ruled b y the Sun, s y m b o l o f strength a n d pride. L e o n e a n s are
independent, free, authoritative, active, passionate and v e r y generous. D u e to their
determination, they are usually g o o d w o r k e r s able to range easily b e t w e e n different
k i n d s of j o b s : the only important thing is to excel!
PISCES
13. Water sign r u l e d b y Jupiter a n d N e p t u n e . Pisceans are subtle, patient, sweet and
tolerant. H o w e v e r , they can also b e t o u c h y and treacherous. Their typical features are
a c o m p l e x character, a great fantasy and a n extraordinary learning ability. Pisceans
are irresolute a n d prefer b e i n g led b y others, both in private and in professional
life.
д<Емш
14. Air sign ruled b y Mercury. T h e m a i n characteristics of this sign are its d u a l i s m
and its contradictory nature. G e m i n i
find
it difficult to b i n d for a l o n g time to
other people, things or activities. T h e y can b e brilliant and fanciful lovers, but their
freedom
and i n d e p e n d e n c e are always in the foreground. G e m i n i are extremely
impatient, often c h a n g e their interests and activities.
TAVQ&S
15. Earth sign ruled b y Venus. Taurus represents art, b e a u t y in all its forms, a n d
strength (not only physical). Taureans are realistic a n d security loving (both o n t h e
material and psychological levels). In order to obtain this k i n d o f security, they use
all their qualities: resistance, quietness, patience and practical intelligence.
16. Virgo is a very i n d e p e n d e n t zodiac sign. T h e y are fully able to put their
intelligence to use a n d get things d o n e for t h e m s e l v e s . It is possible h o w e v e r that
their n a r r o w m i n d e d n e s s causes their creativity to suffer a n d they m a y lead regular
routine lives. T h e y m a y dwell too m u c h o n the past a n d o v e r complicate things and
this m a y limit their ability to m o v e forward.
P e o p l e of w h i c h sign
A look for a c o m p r o m i s e ?
В try to achieve perfection?
C m a y b e c o m e g o o d students?
D should think o f the future m o r e ?
E h a v e a v e r y changeable m o o d ?
F
like to feel safe in any situation?
G prefer different p a s t i m e a n d often c h o o s e n e w h o b b i e s ?
H prefer d r e a m s to real life?
121
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the one which best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are two
choices you d o not need to use. Write y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
REMEMBRANCE AND HONOR
M e m o r i a l Day, originally called Decoration Day, is observed o n the last M o n d a y in May. M e m o r i a l D a y is
a day of r e m e m b r a n c e for (17)
defending the U n i t e d States.
Waterloo, N.Y. w a s officially declared the birthplace of M e m o r i a l Day. H o w e v e r it's difficult to confirm
the exact origins of the day. M o s t people agree that it is not important w h e r e or w h e n it first started. W h a t is
important is (18)
. O n M e m o r i a l Day, the President or Vice President (19)
on
the T o m b of the U n k n o w n Soldier at Arlington C e m e t e r y in Washington, D . C . Veterans D a y w a s originally
called Armistice Day. It is observed either on N o v e m b e r 11th or on the fourth M o n d a y of October. Veterans
D a y honors .the m e n and w o m e n (20)
. O n N o v e m b e r 11, 1918, a treaty w a s signed bringing
World War I to an end. N o v e m b e r 11, 1919 w a s set aside as Armistice D a y in the United States, to r e m e m b e r
the sacrifices (21)
. In 1954 the holiday w a s changed to Veterans D a y and declared a National
holiday.
A m e r i c a n Veterans h a v e established support groups such as the A m e r i c a n L e g i o n and Veterans of Foreign
Wars. These groups sell p a p e r p o p p i e s m a d e b y disabled veterans (22)
. The p o p p y is a bright red
flower that b e c a m e a s y m b o l of World War I after a b l o o d y battle took place i n a field of poppies in B e l g i u m .
A
to raise funds for their charitable activities
В
gives a speech a n d lays a w r e a t h
C those w h o w e r e buried at Arlington C e m e t e r y
D w h o served during w a r s with the U . S . a r m e d forces
E w h o r e m e m b e r e d the Veterans D a y
F that M e m o r i a l D a y w a s established
G that m e n and w o m e n m a d e during World War I
H those w h o w e r e killed in w a r
TASK 5
R e a d and complete the text below. F o r each of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Salt w a s used as a (23)
o f money. E v e n t o d a y bars o f salt are s o m e t i m e s u s e d in Ethiopia t o p a y
for goods. N o t too long ago cakes of salt with their value stamped on t h e m w e r e used in Tibet and Borneo.
In ancient R o m e a soldier's (24)
Latin w o r d salrzrium,
(25)
122
w a s salt, a n d our w o r d " s a l a r y " for p a y is derived from the
w h o s e root is sal, or "salt." T h e w o r d for salt is derived from the t o w n Es-Salt, w h i c h is
to the D e a d Sea.
T h e expression "not worth his salt" (26)
slaves. If a slave (27)
(28)
ancient G r e e c e , w h e r e salt w a s often traded for
u n w o r t h y for s o m e reason, it was said that he w a s not worth his salt.
, he w a s n ' t w o r t h the price paid for him.
M a n y people (29)
salt over their left shoulder for luck if they h a v e spilled s o m e salt. This
c u s t o m originated in ancient times w h e n salt w a s so precious that spilling it w a s considered b a d luck. To (30)
misfortune, p e o p l e w o u l d throw salt over their left shoulder into the eyes of the devil w h o w a s
always dancing behind their left shoulder, (31)
they w o u l d sin and h e could h a v e their souls. T h e
salt w o u l d burn the devil's eyes and blind h i m until g o o d luck (32)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
В
В
В
shape
satisfaction
related
c o m e s after
proved
In the end
throw
block
counting
returned
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
form
living
dear
c o m e s from
showed
In short
keep
suppress
hoping
existed
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
.
model
pay
situated
c o m e s for
checked
In case
carry
finish
preferring
offered
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
class
support
close
comes by
tried
N o w that
preserve
prevent
ordering
occurred
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
(33)
Thanksgiving is celebrated throughout the U n i t e d States o n the fourth T h u r s d a y in
N o v e m b e r w i t h a large feast o f turkey with stuffing, sweet potatoes, cranberry sauce, and p u m p k i n pie for
dessert. W h e n the Pilgrims, (34)
religious freedom, first (35)
to A m e r i c a n shores
from England, they e n d u r e d m a n y hardships. N a t i v e A m e r i c a n s taught t h e m h o w to survive. A s a token of
gratitude, the Pilgrims invited their N a t i v e A m e r i c a n friends (36)
a feast with them. This w a s
the first Thanksgiving and w a s celebrated in 1 6 2 1 , a y e a r after the arrival o f the Pilgrims to P l y m o u t h R o c k ,
in (37)
Massachusetts.
33
34
A
A
—
35
36
37
A
A
A
w e r e seeking
В
В
А
seeking
C
C
An
seek
D
D
came
share
a
В
В
В
had come
c
c
c
have come
to share
the
D
D
D
to h a v e shared
an
The
had been
seeking
come
shared
123
CROSSWORDS
C r o s s w o r d s , or crossword puzzles, first (38)
in the U S in the early 20th century. Today, m a n y
p e o p l e in the U S and in Britain regularly do crosswords.
(39)
a crossword involves answering a set of clues. There are t w o basic types of crossword,
(40)
in Britain quick crosswords and cryptic crosswords. In quick crosswords the clues are usually
definitions o f the answers. This is m u c h the most c o m m o n type of crossword in the U S , where the grids are
usually a lot bigger.
Cryptic crosswords, w h i c h b e g a n in Britain and are m u c h m o r e popular there than in any other country,
h a v e clues w h i c h contain both a definition of the answer (41)
a w o r d puzzle involving the letters
in it. O n e c o m m o n type of w o r d puzzle is an a n a g r a m , in w h i c h the letters of the answer w o r d are rearranged
in the clue to form (42)
w o r d or phrase.
38
A
h a v e appeared
В
appears
C
h a d appeared
D
appeared
39
A
Solving
В
То solve
C
Solve
D
Solution
40
A
called
В
are called
c
calling
D
have called
41
A
or
в
with
c
and
D
nor
42
A
other
в
the other
c
another
D
others
WRITING
43
Write a formal letter to y o u r local n e w s p a p e r giving y o u r opinion about the reconstruction of the historical
centre o f y o u r city:
give reasons for writing the letter
•
give the pros of this reconstruction
•
give the cons of this reconstruction
•
express y o u r o w n opinion.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
124
TEST 13
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
L A N G U A G E LEARNING TIPS
Learning to c o m m u n i c a t e in another language m a y b e challenging, b u t it is also a very rewarding and enriching
experience. H e r e are a few tips w e ' v e put together to h e l p y o u m a k e the m o s t of the experience.
1
A s k yourself, d o I learn something better w h e n I see it written d o w n ? D o I only n e e d to hear something a
few times before I k n o w it? D o I like to learn g r a m m a r rules b y heart? A r e there other strategies that w o r k
well for m e ? If y o u recognize y o u r strengths, y o u can u s e t h e m to w o r k m o r e effectively. W o r k out w h a t
y o u r preferred learning style is and use it to y o u r advantage.
2
M a k e the m o s t of the time y o u h a v e available to study. A s a general rule, d o n ' t try and d o too m u c h at
once. You will often find y o u can learn m o r e effectively if y o u study for half an hour or so at regular intervals, rather than try to d o a w h o l e unit in one sitting. W i t h the best will in the world, there will b e t i m e s
w h e n y o u d o n ' t feel like studying.
3
A w i d e vocabulary is the k e y to successful language learning but d o n ' t try to learn too m u c h at once. It's
best to s t u d y frequently, for short p e r i o d s of time. Take a m a x i m u m o f six or seven items of vocabulary
and learn t h e m . Put t h e m into sentences to fix t h e m in y o u r m i n d , t h e n c o m e b a c k to t h e m later. M u c h o f
the vocabulary in the course is p r e s e n t e d b y topic. L e a r n i n g v o c a b u l a r y in this w a y is usually v e r y effective.
4
E v e n if y o u feel u n s u r e about y o u r ability to form correct, c o m p l e t e sentences, y o u ' l l find that it is p o s sible to c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h j u s t a few w o r d s . A b o v e all, d o n ' t w o r r y about getting things w r o n g : p e o p l e
will still b e able to understand you. T h e y will also appreciate that y o u are m a k i n g the effort to speak their
language and will b e m o r e receptive. T h e m o r e confidence y o u gain in actually c o m m u n i c a t i n g , the m o r e
fluent y o u ' l l b e c o m e .
5
You m a y find y o u w a n t a bilingual dictionary to h e l p translate n e w w o r d s a n d expressions as y o u e x p a n d
y o u r vocabulary. W h e n choosing a dictionary, m a k e sure y o u p i c k one that gives y o u plenty of information
o n u s a g e t h r o u g h illustrative e x a m p l e s , rather than o n e w h i c h only gives translations for each w o r d w i t h
n o guidance as to w h i c h ones to u s e in w h i c h contexts.
128
A Concentrate on reading foreign articles
В D e v e l o p effective w a y s of learning w o r d s
С D o n ' t b e afraid o f m a k i n g mistakes
D Find out what kind of learner y o u are
E Learn as m a n y n e w w o r d s as y o u can every d a y
F
G e t a reliable dictionary
G W o r k out y o u r o w n speed of learning
H Watch A m e r i c a n and British films
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e correct a n s w e r (А, В , С , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
In the y e a r 1*920, in an isolated part o f India, a missionary n a m e d J.A. Singh w a s visiting s o m e isolated
villages. O n e o f the inhabitants c o m p l a i n e d to h i m o f an evil spirit, " a m a n - g h o s t " that w a s living nearby with
a family of w o l v e s . T h e villagers w e r e very frightened o f this creature. Singh asked to see it, so they took h i m
to the place late one afternoon. In the half-light o f e v e n i n g h e saw a group of w o l v e s emerging one b y one
from their " h o m e , " a hole in a m o u n d o f earth. Singh c o u n t e d three adult w o l v e s and t w o y o u n g cubs. T h e n
h e saw the " m a n - g h o s t , " w h i c h did indeed h a v e the b o d y o f a small h u m a n , but w h o s e head " w a s a big ball of
something covering the s h o u l d e r s , " as h e later w r o t e in his j o u r n a l . I m m e d i a t e l y after it c a m e another, smaller
version of the s a m e kind of creature.
T h e t w o «man-ghosts» turned out to be t w o little girls, one a r o u n d one and a half a n d the other about
eight years o f age. Mr. Singh took the children h o m e w i t h h i m to the city of M i d n a p o r e , w h e r e h e directed an
orphanage. H e and his wife n a m e d the y o u n g e r " A m a l a " and the older " K a m a l a . " T h e y w e r e a terrible sight,
covered w i t h dirt and sores. After the Singhs b a t h e d t h e m and cut off their filthy m a t t e d hair, the children
looked m o r e h u m a n , although they certainly did not b e h a v e in any h u m a n way. T h e y could not stand u p at all.
T h e y m o v e d a r o u n d mostly on their e l b o w s and k n e e s ; w h e n they " r a n " on their h a n d s and feet, it w a s almost
impossible to catch them. T h e only food they w o u l d eat w a s r a w m e a t and r a w milk; they c h a s e d chickens
and tried to eat the bodies o f a n y dead animals that they found o n the grounds o f the orphanage. Their tongues
h u n g out through their thick red lips, and they g r o w l e d and s h o w e d their teeth w h e n a n y o n e c a m e near them.
D u r i n g the d a y they stayed in the darkest corners of the r o o m w i t h their backs to the other children, s h o w i n g
not the least interest in anything that w a s g o i n g on. It w a s o b v i o u s that they w a n t e d nothing to d o with h u m a n
company. T h e y repeatedly tried to escape, and they bit a n y o f the other children w h o tried to stop them. Clearly
they missed the c o m p a n y of w o l v e s and w a n t e d nothing m o r e than to rejoin their "family." A t night they
livened u p , h o w l i n g and barking noisily like w o l v e s , but they w e r e unable to speak or to understand h u m a n
speech.
129
6
T h e author describes
.
A Mr. Singh's trip to India
В the w a y of life o f the m a n - g h o s t s
C the wolf-girls' b e h a v i o u r in the h u m a n w o r l d
D the fate of the children brought u p b y animals
7
A c c o r d i n g to the passage, Singh counted h o w m a n y hole inhabitants?
A
seven
В
two
C three
D
8
five
It is stated in the passage that the t w o little girls
.
A enjoyed h u m a n c o m p a n y
В rejoined their w o l f family
C kept wild habits
D liked to play with children
9
T h e author D O E S N ' T say that the t w o little m a n - g h o s t s
.
A lived in the hole w i t h the w o l v e s
В learned j u s t s o m e h u m a n w o r d s
C tried to avoid daylight
D grimed w h e n p e o p l e a p p r o a c h e d t h e m
10
It is implied in the passage that the girls
.
A preferred h u m a n food to raw food
В learned to stand erect o n t w o feet
C enjoyed their stay in the o r p h a n a g e
D r e m a i n e d w i l d creatures
TASK3
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
R O Y A L N A T I O N A L Bedford Way WC1H
ODG
O n e of L o n d o n ' s largest hotels, the R o y a l National offers all r o o m s with bath, shower, w . c , t.v., radio and
self dial telephone. A m o n g s t the amenities of the w e l l located hotel is a b u s y cocktail bar, typical English
p u b , coffee shop, Chinese restaurant, and a recent innovation, a health food restaurant. A large tourist hotel
with a b u s y international flavour.
130
12
R O Y A L C O U R T H O T E L Sloane Square
SW1W8EG
Situated in L o n d o n ' s fashionable Sloane Square T h e R o y a l Court has b e e n completely rebuilt inside to create
a n elegant luxurious 4 star hotel. All b e d r o o m s h a v e private bath or shower, direct dial telephone, colour
television, in house films a n d r o o m service. T h e restaurant T h e O l d P o o d l e D o g together with its O l d English
tavern m a k e s this a m u c h sought after hotel.
13
J O H N H O W A R D H O T E L 4 Queensgate Kensington SW7 5EH
Well located in Kensington, near Albert Hall, a n d K e n s i n g t o n H i g h Street, this luxurious hotel offers T h e
Captains Bar, a n elegant reception lounge a n d 51 beautiful r o o m s all en-suite. L u x u r y furnished apartments
with reproduction antique furniture, hi-fi a n d kitchen are also available at a supplementary cost.
14
C O B U R G H O T E L 129 Bayswater Road W2 4RJ
With its distinctive "terra cotta d o m e s " this p r o m i n e n t tourist hotel offers a w a r m and friendly w e l c o m e
to its guests. Located in B a y s w a t e r overlooking K e n s i n g t o n G a r d e n s a n d close to Queensway, it is very
convenient for t h e m a n y ethnic restaurants in the vicinity. T h e C o b u r g h a s a pleasant lounge b a r in addition
to a restaurant offering excellent food a n d service.
15
T H E G E O R G E Templeton Place SW5 9 NB
C o n v e n i e n t to Earls Court a n d O l y m p i a Exhibition Centres, this m e d i u m grade hotel offers traditional
standards o f comfort and hospitality c o m b i n e d with m o d e r n facilities w h i c h include small indoor s w i m m i n g
pool, Jacuzzi spa, sauna, solarium, snooker r o o m a n d g y m n a s i u m . A l l r o o m s h a v e bath, shower, w . c , in this
127 r o o m hotel.
16
C O L O N N A D E H O T E L 2 Warrington Crescent,
W91ER
T h e colonnade is situated in a quiet xesidential district yet within 10 m i n u t e s b y b u s or u n d e r g r o u n d from
L o n d o n ' s West E n d . There is a gift shop, theatre ticket terminal a n d a shopping arcade w i t h hairdresser,
chemist, b a n k a n d general tourist facilities.
131
W h i c h hotel gives y o u an opportunity to
A cook your o w n food?
В b u y souvenirs and presents without leaving the hotel?
C try national cuisines at the restaurants situated nearby?
D b o o k railway tickets?
E taste Oriental food?
F enjoy videos in y o u r o w n r o o m ?
G do s o m e sport?
H h o l d business meetings?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are two
choices y o u d o not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
PARENTS APPRECIATION DAY
O n the second Sunday in May, A m e r i c a n s of all ages treat their mothers to something special. It is the one
day out o f the year w h e n children, y o u n g and old, express (17)
.
Celebrating M o t h e r ' s D a y is a tradition that c a m e from E n g l a n d a n d b e c a m e an official holiday in the United
States in 1915. O n M o t h e r ' s D a y m o r n i n g s o m e A m e r i c a n children follow the tradition o f (18)
.
Other children will give their mothers gifts w h i c h they h a v e m a d e themselves or b o u g h t in stores. Adults
give their mothers red carnations, (19)
. If their mothers are deceased they m a y bring' white
carnations to their grave sites. This is the busiest day of the year for A m e r i c a n restaurants. O n her special day,
family m e m b e r s (20)
.
T h e U n i t e d States is one of the few countries in the w o r l d that has an official day on w h i c h (21)
.
O n the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the U n i t e d States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise
m a d e to feel special.
T h e origin of F a t h e r ' s D a y is not clear. S o m e say that it b e g a n with a church service in West Virginia in 1908.
Others say the first F a t h e r ' s D a y c e r e m o n y w a s h e l d in Vancouver, Washington. In 1916, President W o o d r o w
W i l s o n approved of this idea, but it w a s not until 1924 w h e n President Calvin Coolidge (22)
.
Since then, fathers h a v e b e e n h o n o r e d a n d recognized b y their families throughout the country o n the third
Sunday in June.
A establishing the relations b e t w e e n fathers and children
В h o w m u c h they appreciate their mothers
C d o not w a n t M o m to c o o k dinner
D serving their m o t h e r s breakfast in b e d
E the official M o t h e r ' s D a y
flower
F h o w often t h e y help mothers
G m a d e it a national event
H fathers are h o n o r e d b y their children
132
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete the text below. F o r each of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
PUNCTUALITY
M o s t A m e r i c a n s and British people w o u l d agree that it is g o o d m a n n e r s to b e punctual (to arrive the
right time) for an appointment. Arriving on time for formal (23)
such as a business m e e t i n g or
an interview is considered.important. If s o m e b o d y arrives late for a j o b interview it m a y (24)
that they are not reliable or not interested in the j o b . M a n y p e o p l e try to arrive a few m i n u t e s early for an
appointment to (25)
the risk of rushing in at the last minute. E v e n in less formal situations people
are generally expected to think about the p e r s o n they are m e e t i n g and not to (26)
t h e m waiting
unnecessarily.
People are also expected to arrive on time for social events, especially w e d d i n g s . Traditionally only the
bride is allowed to b e late. P e o p l e are (27)
m o r e relaxed about the time they arrive for m o r e
informal social occasions. W h e n m e e t i n g a friend for lunch at a restaurant people try to arrive at the time
(28)
, or n o m o r e than five m i n u t e s late. If they are later than this the p e r s o n they are m e e t i n g
will start to think they are not going to c o m e at all. H o w e v e r , w h e n invited to dinner in s o m e b o d y ' s h o m e it is
actually considered polite to arrive a few minutes late. U n d e r n o (29)
should guests arrive early.
A t a party, however, p e o p l e m a y arrive an hour or m o r e after the start t i m e written on the invitation.
If s o m e b o d y does arrive late, they are expected to (30)
. D e p e n d i n g o n the circumstances and
h o w late they are, people m a y say T ' m sorry I'm late' or ' S o r r y to k e e p y o u w a i t i n g ' . If they are very late they
m a y feel obliged to give an (31)
People (32)
as w e l l , e.g I ' m sorry I ' m so late, but the traffic w a s b a d . '
concerts, plays etc. to start at the time advertised, and if they are m a d e to wait a
long time they m a y start a slow handclap to show that they are impatient.
23
A
incidents
В
accidents
Є
events
D
episodes
24
A
suggest
В
offer
C
recommend
D
propose
25
A
avoid
В
escape
c
run
D
experience
26
A
make
hold
c
stay
D
keep
27
A
largely
generally
c
firstly
D
principally
28
A
agreed
arranged
c
organized
D
prepared
29
A
points
situations
c
circumstances
D
states
30
A
excuse
justify
c
forgive
D
apologize
31
A
account
explanation
c
answer
D
interpretation
32
A
expect
believe
c
imagine
D
trust
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
133
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
Write y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e prototype for m o d e r n A m e r i c a n ice c r e a m w a s the R o m a n concoction of c r e a m (33)
w i t h berries and alpine snow. T h e treat m a d e it to A m e r i c a in (34)
and soon took off rapidly in
the colonies. B y the nineteenth century A m e r i c a was thoroughly taken in with the treat. It first appeared o n a
ran out of the dishes in w h i c h h e (36) _ _ _ _ _
cone w h e n a vendor at the St. Louis (35)
ice cream a n d b e g a n serving it in cone-shaped waffles, w h i c h h e obtained from a vendor of zalabia,
style waffle. T h e r e is nothing (37)
the
a Persian
A m e r i c a n than an ice-cream cone, or a hot d o g , and a C o k e at
a sports event or theater.
33
34
A
A
A
A
A
35
36
37
В
В
В
mixing
the 1740-ies
World Fair
has served
much
в
в
is m i x e d
1740-ies
C
C
World's Fanh a d served
the m o r e
c
c
c
mixed
the 1740 -ieth
W o r l d ' s Fair
has been serving
more
D
D
D
D
D
was mixed
1740-ieth
Worlds Fair
w a s serving
many
THE NATIVE AMERICANS
L o n g before the w h i t e m a n set foot on A m e r i c a n soil, A m e r i c a n Indians h a d lived in America. W h e n
E u r o p e a n s c a m e here at the end of the 1 5 century, there w e r e about 10 million Indians (38)
th
A m e r i c a north of present-day M e x i c o . T h e migration from E u r a s i a to the A m e r i c a s took place from northeastern
Siberia into A l a s k a t h r o u g h Beringia. T h e oldest (39)
Indian culture in N o r t h A m e r i c a is Sandia
(15000BC).
A l t h o u g h it is believed that the Indians originated in Asia, (40)
India. T h e n a m e " I n d i a n " (41)
first
w h i t e - c o m p l e x i o n e d visitors (42)
if any o f t h e m c a m e from
to t h e m b y Christopher C o l u m b u s . T h e N a t i v e s regarded
s o m e t h i n g of a marvel, not only for their dress and beards a n d
w i n g e d ships but e v e n m o r e for their wonderful technology.
38
39
40
41
42
43
A
A
A
A
A
populated
document
few
applied
being
В
В
В
в
в
w e r e populating
documenting
little
h a s b e e n applied
to b e
C
C
populating
document's
c
c
none
w a s applied
be
C
D
D
D
D
D
populate
documented
anyone
is applied
been
WRITING
Just like y o u , your British p e n friend is leaving school a n d going to college this year. Write a letter in
w h i c h ask him/her:
• w h a t he/she should d o to g o to college
• w h a t career he/she has chosen
• w h a t he/she is d o i n g to realize his plans
and tell him/her
•
w h a t y o u should d o to get to university in this country.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
134
TEST 14
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
H e r e are tips to get n e w friends:
T h e first step is to develop a healthy mental i m a g e of m e e t i n g n e w people. S o m e of us see m e e t i n g n e w
p e o p l e as a scary event. W e are concerned about m a k i n g a g o o d impression, w h e t h e r the other p e r s o n will
like u s , h o w to k e e p the conversation going, and so on. T h e m o r e w e think about it, the scarier it seems. This
initial apprehension develops into a mental anxiety, w h i c h takes a life o f its o w n and u n k n o w i n g l y blocks
u s from m a k i n g n e w friends.
O n c e y o u are with people around you, s o m e o n e has to m a k e the first m o v e . If the other party d o e s n ' t startoff, j u s t take the first step to say a friendly hello. Get to k n o w each other a little better! Share something
about yourself, then give the other party a chance to share about him/her. Something easy, like asking h o w
the day is, or what they did today / in the past w e e k is a great conversation starter. O n c e the ice is broken,
it'll b e easier to connect.
S o m e t i m e s , y o u m i g h t have a preset notion of what k i n d of friend y o u want. M a y b e s o m e o n e w h o is
understanding, listens, has the s a m e hobbies, watches the s a m e m o v i e s , has similar educational background
etc. A n d then w h e n y o u meet the person and realize the person veers off y o u r expectations, you might b e
ready to close yourself off. D o n ' t do that. G i v e the friendship a chance to blossom. M o r e importantly, give
yourself a chance at this b u d d i n g friendship.
Often w e are too caught u p with ourselves - such as w h a t others will think of us, w h a t w e should say next,
w h a t our next action is - that w e m i s s the w h o l e point o f a friendship. You can w o r k on the presentation
aspects such as h o w y o u look, w h a t y o u say, and h o w y o u say things, but d o n ' t obsess over them. These
actions d o n ' t define the friendship. W h a t defines the friendship is the connection b e t w e e n y o u and the friend.
S h o w w a r m t h , love and respect t o w a r d s everyone y o u meet. D o things because y o u w a n t to, and not because
y o u need to.
138
5
Continual effort is required to maintain the friendship. Willingness to m a k e the effort is w h a t differentiates
bi-bye friends from other friends. D e p e n d i n g o n the intensity of the friendship, there's n o n e e d to m e e t u p
every few days or once a w e e k - catching up once a m o n t h or o n c e every few m o n t h s m i g h t be sufficient.
T h e strength of your relationship is not m e a s u r e d b y h o w frequently y o u m e e t u p .
A
Try to stay in touch with your friends
В
Visit s o m e o n e w h e n they are sick
C
Let a person demonstrate his/her strong sides
D
B e frank and generous with people
E
Try to b e a g o o d listener
F
R e m e m b e r y o u r friends' birthdays
G
Realize that fear is in y o u r h e a d
H
Take the initiative in your hands
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
E V E R W O N D E R E D A B O U T THAT BIC PEN SITTING IN F R O N T OF Y O U ?
T h e original ball point pen w a s invented in the late 1800's and used a tiny rotating ball that w a s constantly
b a t h e d o n o n e side with ink. T h e p r o b l e m with these early p e n s w a s getting the ink to run smoothly in an even
line. S o m e t i m e s the p e n s created little blotches o n the paper or they w o u l d log u p and w o u l d n ' t let the ink out
at all. T h e p e n s w o u l d leak in p e o p l e ' s pockets and ruin clothes. S o m e t i m e s it w a s impossible to m i x u p a batch
o f ink that w o u l d w o r k properly. T o r years the ball point p e n w o u l d w o r k w e l l at 2 0 degrees but it w o u l d clog
u p at temperatures b e l o w 15 degrees a n d it w o u l d leak a n d s m e a r if the w e a t h e r w a s too hot.
It w a s n ' t until World War II that the ball point p e n w a s really m a d e to w o r k great. T h e U . S . A i r force
n e e d e d a p e n that w o u l d write upside d o w n so they looked around to find a reliable p e n that w o u l d write
s m o o t h l y e v e n in that position. T h e y found a p e n that w o r k e d a n d in 1944 the first pens that could write upside
d o w n w e r e p u t into production. T h e p e n w o r k e d b e c a u s e the ink w a s s i p h o n e d to the front of the p e n . T h a t
m e a n t the p e n n o longer d e p e n d e d o n gravity to m a k e the ink flow to the point. T h e ink ran smoother but it still
w a s g l o p p y a n d problematic at times. Ball point p e n s ruined m a n y shirts b a c k then and m a n y people v o w e d
n e v e r to b u y another ball point p e n again. T h e sales of ball point p e n s dropped.
M a n y p e o p l e tried to perfect ball points. T h e ball point p e n w a s a great idea, it j u s t h a d s o m e glitches to
it. In 1949 a m a n n a m e d M a r c e l B i c h introduced a six sided p e n that d i d n ' t leak or j a m . It w o r k e d very w e l l
and w a s a hit but Marcel thought that his n a m e m i g h t b e a p r o b l e m in A m e r i c a . In 1958 Marcel set u p a s h o p
in the U S b u t instead of using his full n a m e on h i s p e n h e shortened it to Bic. Bic p e n s w e r e a m a z i n g - they
139
w o u l d w o r k under the m o s t awful conditions. T h e y even w o r k e d after b e i n g shot out of a rifle, drilled through
a wallboard or after b e i n g strapped to the feet of a skater. T h e Bic p e n w a s a hit: it w a s a tough pen, it w a s
inexpensive so it w a s e v e n being sold in grocery stores so they could be p u r c h a s e d easily. In 1967 Bic was
selling 500 million p e n s and 60 percent of the sales w e r e in the A m e r i c a n market.
Bic ball point p e n s h a v e lasted for years and at present they are basically the same p e n s they w e r e in
the 1950's. N o w people can enjoy h a v i n g a ball point p e n in their pocket and without worrying about the p e n
leaking on their clothing, or w h e n writing with a ball point they d o n ' t h a v e to w o r r y about the p e n m a k i n g a big
glob on their paper. T h e ball point p e n is n o w an economical p e n to b u y w h e r e o n c e it w a s not too affordable.
6
W h a t w a s the p r o b l e m with the first ball-points?
A T h e y w e r e too small and inconvenient to use.
В People using t h e m h a d to bathe constantly.
C T h e y c o u l d n ' t m a k e the right ink m i x t u r e . .
D T h e y w e r e not g o o d in the heat.
7
A c c o r d i n g to paragraph 2
.
A U . S . pilots d i d n ' t w a n t to spoil their uniforms with ink
В the n e w ball points d i d n ' t depend on the temperature
C after W W I I the d e m a n d for ball points decreased
D ball point p e n s p r o v e d to b e perfect for the Air force
8
Marcel B i c h ' s p e n s
.
A b e c a m e extremely popular
В w e r e sold all over the w o r l d
C h a d an attractive short n a m e
D could b e b o u g h t at any shop
9
It is stated in the p a s s a g e that
.
A p e o p l e used ball points to m a k e their p a p e r s look tidier
В ball points can b e u s e d b y p e o p l e of any profession
C years ago ball points w e r e not so cheap
D M a r c e l B i c h w a s a great inventor
10
W h i c h of the following is N O T m e n t i o n e d in the passage?
A T h e ball point p e n w a s a favorite with skaters.
В Early ball point p e n s failed in low temperatures.
C Ball-points w e r e out of w i d e use for almost a century.
D Ball-points h a v e n ' t changed m u c h for the last sixty years.
140
TASK З
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
(HATS WORTH
Chatsworth H o u s e contains a vast collection of objects d'art of every description. T h e garden is j u s t l y
famous for its landscaping and w a t e r w o r k s .
F r o m June to A u g u s t a b a n d plays every Sunday afternoon.
A t 3.30 every day there is a live milking demonstration with an expert c o m m e n t a r y b y the milker.
The Stables Tea Bar provides excellent home made food and refreshments.
Gift and Garden shops.
Chatsworth is o p e n every day from 3 1 M a r c h to 2 7 October 1985, 11.30am-4.30pm.
C o a c h parking, free.
s t
th
12
LILFORD PARK
This 240-acre country park is an ideal place for a family outing. A t the Children's farm there is a variety of
animals including shaggy H i g h l a n d cattle, small D e x t e r catlle, fallow deer a n d wallabies, Shetland ponies,
and other domestic pets.
The adventure p l a y g r o u n d and its tree houses is a m u s t for the children.
T h e log cabin cafeteria will seat 70 p e o p l e and serves grills, snacks and teas. In addition, visitors m a y
picnic in the grounds.
Open: Daily from Easter to end O c t o b e r 10am-6pm.
In v i e w of the large n u m b e r of birds and animals, regret n o dogs.
13
PHOENIX PARK
Join the birds and animals for a great family day out.
A n ever-changing stock of over 3,000 birds of different species, Parrots, C o c k a t o o s , Toucans.
There are m a n y animals. M o n k e y s a n d M a r m o s e t s from the old and the n e w world, Indian L e o p a r d Cats,
Miniature Horses, Gazelles and m a n y m o r e .
M o s t of the birds and animals are available for sale or exchange. P h o e n i x Park will also consider giving a
g o o d h o m e to any u n w a n t e d or injured pets or animals.
Open: E v e r y day o f the year, except Christmas Day, from 10am till dusk.
C a r a n d coach parking free.
14
SPRINGFIELDS
D u r i n g the spring the 25-acre gardens provide a spectacle of colour with tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and
other b u l b o u s flowers.
T h e S u m m e r display provides a fine collection o f 12,000 rose b u s h e s including m a n y n e w l y - b r e d varieties.
Free gardening catalogues are available to all visitors. Advice is freely given and all plants are clearly
labeled.
There is a restaurant and cafeteria/teashop. A garden centre and shop, m a z e , free children's g a m e s a n d lake
stocked with large carp all a d d to the enjoyment o f a visit.
141
15
NEWSTEAD ABBEY
N e w s t e a d w a s the former h o m e of the poet B y r o n in the early 19 century, but the history of the building
goes b a c k 800 years. T h e house contains possessions of the poet, manuscripts, letters and first editions,
pictures a n d furniture.
T h e house is set in beautiful parkland of over 300 acres; lakes and waterfalls, a Japanese watergarden,
R o c k and R o s e gardens.
O p e n : T h e H o u s e is o p e n from G o o d Friday until 3 0 September every afternoon from 2 p m to 6 p m (last
admission 5.15pm)
C o a c h parking, free
th
th
16
THE CHATEAU
T h e C h a t e a u stands in the m i d d l e of a circular park with four paths running in line with the four
geographical directions.
D u r i n g the tour y o u can admire rare collections w h i c h are n o w h e r e else to b e seen. T h e s e include a
valuable collection o f M e i s s e n porcelain, an exhibit of ceremonial and travel coaches o w n e d b y b i s h o p s
and archibishops from the 1 8 to 2 0 centuries and an exhibit of historical children's p r a m s .
th
W h i c h place of interest
th
_ _
A c a n ' t b e visited in the m o r n i n g ?
В gives y o u a chance to see a collection of china?
C m a y p r o v i d e shelter for animals?
D is especially interesting for gardeners?
E teaches visitors crafts?
F
can b e visited only b y people, c o m i n g without dogs?
G is attractive for those fond of live m u s i c ?
H c a n ' t b e visited b y children?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A SALUTE TO SPRING
People in the U n i t e d States celebrate Easter according to their personal and religious beliefs. Christians
c o m m e m o r a t e G o o d F r i d a y as the day that Jesus Christ died and Easter Sunday as the day (17)
O n Easter Sunday children w a k e u p to find that the Easter B u n n y (18)
.
. Children h u n t for eggs
around the h o u s e that they decorated earlier that week. N e i g h b o r h o o d s hold Easter e g g hunts. T h e child
(19)
w i n s a prize.
Traditionally, m a n y celebrants b o u g h t n e w clothes for Easter w h i c h they w o r e to church. After church services,
everyone w e n t for a w a l k around the t o w n . This led to the A m e r i c a n custom o f Easter parades (20)
.
In the early nineteenth century, D o l l y M a d i s o n , the wife of the fourth A m e r i c a n President, organized an Easter
e g g roll in Washington, D . C . She h a d b e e n told that Egyptian children used (21)
142
, so she invited
the children of Washington to roll hard-boiled eggs d o w n the lawn of the n e w Capitol building! T h e event has
g r o w n , and today Easter M o n d a y is the only day of the y e a r (22)
on the White H o u s e lawn. T h e
egg-rolling event is open to children twelve years old and under. Adults are allowed only w h e n a c c o m p a n i e d
b y children.
A
has left them baskets of candy
В to meet at the church service
C
that he was resurrected
D w h o finds the most eggs
E w h e n people meet
F w h e n tourists are allowed
G all over the country
H to roll eggs against the p y r a m i d s
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r each of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
STEREOTYPES OF NAMES
Consciously or unconsciously, w e all h a v e private pictures of the people w h o (23)
to certain
n a m e s . Jackie could b e sophisticated a n d beautiful, like Jackie Kennedy, or fat a n d funny, like Jackie Gleason.
These pictures c o m e from p e r s o n a l experience as well as from the (24)
w e absorb from the m a s s
m e d i a and thus m a y conflict in interesting w a y s .
Over the years researchers h a v e b e e n fascinated b y the «real» (25)
(26)
of n a m e s and their
on their bearers. Studies indicate that people actually tend to agree o n each n a m e ' s
characteristics.
If people think of Mallory as cute and likable, does that influence a girl n a m e d Mallory to b e c o m e cute and
likable? Experts agree that n a m e s d o n ' t (27)
but they do (28)
instant success or c o n d e m n people to certain failure,
self-images, influence relationships w i t h others, and help (or hinder) success in
w o r k and school.
Researcher S. Gray G a r w o o d (29)
a study of sixth graders in N e w Orleans. H e found that
students given n a m e s that w e r e popular w i t h teachers (30)
higher in skills tests, w e r e better adjusted
and m o r e consistent in their self-perceptions, w e r e m o r e realistic in their (31)
o f themselves, and
m o r e frequently expected to attain their g o a l s — e v e n t h o u g h their goals w e r e m o r e (32)
than ones
set b y their peers.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
answer
likeness
meanings
results
protect
effect
researched
appreciated
respect
ambitious
В
В
В
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
serve
views
values
effects
certify
affect
learned
earned
calculations
aggressive
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
reply
reflections
intentions
outcomes
guarantee
relate
examined
scored
evaluations
selfish
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
satisfy
images
ideas
causes
promise
concern
conducted
made
admiration
silly
143
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces (33—42) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В, C or D).
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
In Florence, Italy, there is a celebration every y e a r (33)
A u g u s t 10 to c o m m e m o r a t e the
patron saint of cooks, Saint L o r e n z o . D u r i n g the event, p e o p l e g o o n a watermelon-eating binge.
Watermelons w e r e not g r o w n c o m m e r c i a l l y in (34)
U n i t e d States until the 1930s, although
they (35)
in E g y p t over 5,000 years ago.
A traditional w a t e r m e l o n can h a v e (36)
1,000 seeds. D u r i n g the Civil War, the Confederate
A r m y boiled d o w n w a t e r m e l o n s as a source o f sugar.
L e e W h e e l i s of Luling, Texas, h o l d s the (37)
record for watermelon-seed spitting, with a
record 68 feet 9 inches.
33
34
35
36
37
A
A
A
A
A
in
-
eat
as m a n y as
world
В
В
В
в
в
on
а
w e r e eating
still m o r e
world's
C
C
C
C
C
at
an
w e r e eaten
much more
worlds
D
D
D
D
D
from
the
h a v e b e e n eaten
so m u c h as
worlds'
SKYPE: LET'S TALK
Since the m i d - 1 9 9 0 s , o n e of the greatest online challenges has b e e n setting u p voice chat over the
Internet.
Skype w a s founded b y N i k l a s Z e n n s t r o m (a S w e d i s h citizen) and J a n u s Friis (a D a n i s h citizen) in 2 0 0 3 .
(38)
of these brilliant y o u n g m e n w e r e n o v i c e s in the field.
(39)
Skype, two computers need to install the free program. Then, using a microphone and
speaker (or headset), people can talk to each other for free over the Internet. Aside from voice, chat, Skype
has an array of other features, such as text-chat, video-chat, and file-sharing functions. The p r o g r a m is used b y
individuals, companies, a n d even English teachers, w h o (40)
conversation classes through Skype.
B u t S k y p e is not a charity. It earns m o n e y b y (41)
for p r e m i u m services. You p a y a fee to
use y o u r ' c o m p u t e r to call a regular telephone. S k y p e also charges a fee for its Skype Voicemail service. Still,
these services are generally m u c h (42)
than those offered b y traditional telephone c o m p a n i e s .
38
39
40
41
42
A
A
A
A
A
Both
Used
held
charging
cheap
В
В
В
В
В
Either
Use
hold
charged
m o r e cheaper
C
C
C
C
C
Neither
To use
w e r e held
charges'
cheapest
D
D
D
D
D
Nobody
Using
h a s b e e n held
charge
cheaper
WRITING
43
Your elder brother has j u s t graduated from university and is g o i n g to w o r k in another city. Your m o t h e r is
very upset, but y o u r father considers it t o b e a g o o d career opportunity for your brother. Write an essay o n
pros a n d cons of in which:
• state the p r o b l e m
• write about the pros of w o r k i n g a w a y from h o m e
• c o m m e n t o n the cons o f leaving h o m e for w o r k
• give y o u r o w n opinion.
144
TEST 15
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o not need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Parrots are one of the m o s t attractive and r e w a r d i n g animals in the world. It is necessary for y o u to think
carefully about the following issues before buying them.
T h e price of your parrot is a matter o f concern that must b e taken into account. You m u s t decide on r o u g h l y
h o w m u c h m o n e y y o u are willing to spend S o m e t i m e s , p e o p l e spend a significant a m o u n t o n buying a
parrot but then at a later stage, hesitate to spend m o n e y o n its care. Parrots are not cheap pets, and in recent
years, their prices h a v e increased hugely.
W h e n y o u select a breeder from w h i c h y o u w a n t to b u y a parrot m a k e sure that the supplier offers a m o n e y
b a c k or exchange facility on y o u r bird for a reasonable period after purchase. This is b e c a u s e if the birds y o u
choose do not turn out to b e suitable for y o u r requirements or they develop any signs of disease, j u s t after a
short period of your purchase, then y o u will b e able to e x c h a n g e them.
T h e n e x t thing to take into account before b u y i n g a parrot is the environment w h e r e y o u are p l a n n i n g to
k e e p it. You m u s t decide w h i c h type o f parrot y o u w a n t to k e e p and w h e t h e r it can survive and adapt to y o u r
environment and lifestyle. W h e t h e r big or small, all types o f parrots require sufficient space for exercise and
J^L
4
Since parrots require a lot of b o t h mental and physical stimulation y o u will h a v e to m a k e sure that y o u can
have e n o u g h time for taking good care of y o u r parrot. If y o u are planning to k e e p m o r e than one parrot
then y o u will h a v e to allot sufficient time to take care of each m e m b e r o f the group. A l s o , y o u will need to
find a reliable person w h o can take good care o f your pets w h e n y o u are not in t o w n or y o u w a n t to g o on a
vacation.
5
You also need to think about y o u r neighbors - because s o m e of the big parrots like cockatoos and A m a z o n s
m a k e a lot o f noise that can cause, significant disturbance. Their twice-daily periods o f vocalization at sunrise
and sunset are appreciated b y those w h o love birds but can b e quite disturbing for those w h o d o not like
birds or loud noises.
148
A T h i n k about the place y o u r parrot will live in
В D e c i d e w h o ' l l look after your pet w h e n y o u a r e n ' t at h o m e
C C h e c k that the birds h a v e been kept in a clean place
D D e c i d e whether you w a n t to buy a single parrot
E B e sure that you w o n ' t trouble other p e o p l e
F
C h e c k carefully that the bird looks healthy
G D e c i d e whether y o u are ready to pay out in future
H B e sure that you could get another bird, if necessary
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
O n e question that is b e i n g debated these days is whether or not genetic engineering is a good thing. We
hear this t e r m "genetic e n g i n e e r i n g " w i t h increasing frequency these days. F o r those readers w h o m a y not b e
sure of its m e a n i n g , s o m e definitions follow. W h e n w e speak of genes, w e are referring to chemical substances
in the cells of all-living things that establish an o r g a n i s m ' s characteristics. Genetic engineering is the changing
of certain genes, usually to improve an o r g a n i s m in some way. In recent years, for e x a m p l e , certain genes have
b e e n placed in t o m a t o plants to m a k e t o m a t o e s taste better and k e e p t h e m fresh in supermarkets for a longer
time. C o w s h a v e b e e n treated w i t h a growth h o r m o n e that m a k e s dairy cattle give m o r e milk and reduces the
a m o u n t of fat in the meat of b e e f cattle. T h e s e sound like positive things, d o n ' t t h e y ? After all, m a n y people
say, the technology exists to improve our lives.
B u t there are plenty of p e o p l e a r o u n d w h o o p p o s e genetic engineering. W h y ? Two specific objections
c o m e to mind. O n e is that the balance of nature m i g h t be upset Suppose, for e x a m p l e , that scientists are able to
genetically engineer certain plants so that insects will not eat them. This will protect the plants, but the insects
will b e deprived of a food s u p p l y — a n d other animals that depend on those insects for food will lose their food
supply, too. A second objection is a m o r a l question. Is it acceptable or right for us to c h a n g e the m a k e u p of
living things?
Supporters of genetic engineering say the benefits outweigh the dangers. L o o k at all the i m p r o v e m e n t s
that can be m a d e in plants raised for food, they say. B e c a u s e of genetic engineering, plants can b e g r o w n that
produce m o r e fruits and vegetables and resist disease. In a w o r l d w h e r e m o r e and m o r e food will b e needed in
the future, this is a benefit. T h e medical advances provided b y genetic engineering, say the supporters, are even
m o r e impressive. Consider cancer, for e x a m p l e . If genetic engineering can provide a w a y to cure or prevent
this disease, s h o u l d n ' t it be u s e d ? A n d if genetic engineering can b e u s e d to kill the virus ,that causes A I D S ,
s h o u l d n ' t it b e permitted?
O p p o n e n t s of genetic engineering say it should b e stopped, or at least limited. Proponents of genetic
engineering say it should b e p r o m o t e d and expanded. T h e debate goes on.
6
W h a t is T R U E about genetic engineering, according to paragraph 1?
A It increases p e o p l e ' s age.
В It improves fat in the meat.
C It changes g e n e s ' parameters.
D It reduces the n u m b e r of cells.
149
7
All of the following is m e n t i o n e d in the p a s s a g e E X C E P T
.
A genetic engineering will save plants and insects from extinction
В certain genes can m a k e s o m e vegetables m o r e delicious
C genetic engineering could help sick people
D it's harmful to interfere in animal life
8
W h a t is stated in p a r a g r a p h 2?
A Scientists control the n u m b e r of insects.
В E c o s y s t e m s should b e counter balanced.
C Insects protect the plants from extinction.
D P e o p l e should b e concerned about w i l d animals.
9
W h i c h of the following is N O T m e n t i o n e d b y the supporters of genetic engineering?
A It h a s m o r e advantages than w e a k points.
В It will help to achieve record harvests.
C It c a n b e controlled and stopped a n y m o m e n t .
D It will m e a n b r e a k t h r o u g h in m e d i c i n e .
10
W h i c h of the following is the m o s t appropriate title for the passage?
A C a n genetic engineering b e harmful to e n v i r o n m e n t ?
В People can m a n a g e genetic engineering
C G e n e t i c engineering: Superfoods
D Genetic engineering: F o r w a r d or B a c k w a r d ?
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need t o use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n t h e separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
(feinting at Tenterden
12
3 The Cellars, H i g h Street
(next but one to
Woolworths)
ARTISTS MATERIALS • FAX SERVICE
COLOUR COPYING
STATIONERY • OFFICE EQUIPMENT
also Of
New Romney • Cranbrook • Rye
The Kitchen
Gallery
Е«ІчНі«іІк-вІ H77
12 EAST CROSS
Tel: 0 1 5 8 0 7 6 4 1 3 0
See displayed ihe working Electric
AGA with the unique Dovetail
kitchen fitments. Also bespoke
English and French Country
settings giving a new flavour &
romance to kitchen design.
At the Kitchen Gallery there is
free helpful advice as well as
inspired kitchen planning and
designing for the discerning to
make the тоьі of your investment.
Open Mon-Fri and
half-day Wed & SaL
Other times hy
appointment
150
14
13
"ТІIK ^
BATHROOM SHOP
Supply & Installation of
Quality Bathrooms
unrivalled range of accessories
Cambridge k County
Folk Museum
11 EAST CROSS, TENTEKDEN
KENTTN30 6AD
Sodiii hhtnry mmcimt homeJ hi
Ше-iSth
centw
Ivtihling
Open Every Day
Telephone: 01 580 763207
U.iis-,ii .\b>nttoy\ bi'twtvn Odart-f ana Mardi>
Admission (.haryt- Adults £2 • <' *>пі'е*иоп«. t ) • Oiildtvn Sop
2 for I Offer with Cuhk lYuhy Tickets
CaslW
2-3
Si reel,
Глпііігігікс
15
16
Dive into an amazing underwater
adventure at Sea Life
Willi stunning displays' and
bnliiant let mologv. -Va Li e will
l
!
bring you і loser 'ban you ever
imagined lo a breath-taking world
of underwater life. Make lull use
of the new feature exhibitions,
programme ot feeding
demonstrations and speeial talks,
come and g o .is you please your ticket covers all facilities all day
(simply < пікч t a b a w H a m p
for re-entry).
W h e r e can y o u
A h a v e a m o r n i n g m e a l all day long?
В b u y h o m e appliances and e q u i p m e n t ?
C get s o m e n e w information about sharks, w h a l e s , etc.?
D purchase writing paper, p e n s , envelopes, etc.?
E learn about the important events o f the past?
F b u y sheets, pillows, blankets, etc:?
G get towels, shower curtains, w a s h b a s i n s , etc.?
H learn about domestic and farm animals?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) t h e o n e w h i c h best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not n e e d t o use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the s e p a r a t e a n s w e r sheet.
T H E STATUE OF LIBERTY N E W Y O R K , N E W Y O R K
Originally called "Liberty Enlightening t h e World", this m o d e r n Colossus is located o n t h e N e w York
harbor. Its t r e m e n d o u s figure, (17)
(18)
, is k n o w n w o r l d w i d e . T h e beautiful L a d y liberty is w e a r i n g
. She holds a torch, high in her right hand, and a b o o k inscribed "July 4 , 1 7 7 6 " in the left. A t
151
her feet lie broken chains ( 1 9 ) _
in the n e w nation.
T h e Statue of Liberty w a s given to A m e r i c a b y the F r e n c h in 1886 and has b e e n a s y m b o l for A m e r i c a ever
since. It is located in N e w York City. It is also (20)
.
T h e w e l l - k n o w n sculptor of France, Frederic A u g u s t e Bartholdi w a s c o m m i s s i o n e d to design a spectacular
sculpture to later b e c o m e w o r l d famous. T h e Statue w a s c o m p l e t e d in France as a gift in July, 1884 and arrived
in N e w York H a r b o r in June of 1885 (21)
w h i c h transported the Statue of Liberty from France
to the U n i t e d States. In transit, the Statue w a s r e d u c e d to 350 individual pieces and p a c k e d in 2 1 4 crates.
T h e Statue w a s re-assembled o n her (22)
. O n October 28th 1886, the dedication o f the Statue of
Liberty took p l a c e in front of thousands o f spectators.
A a colossal copper sculpture
В o n b o a r d the F r e n c h frigate " I s e r e "
C symbolizing global
freedom
D flowing robes and a majestic c r o w n
E a w e l c o m e sign for immigrants
F
symbolizing the o v e r t h r o w of t y r a n n y
G on the ship that c h a n g e d the course
H n e w pedestal in four m o n t h s ' t i m e
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces (23-32) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on t h e s e p a r a t e a n s w e r sheet.
T h e Montessori m e t h o d of education w a s d e v e l o p e d b y Dr. M a r i a Montessori (1870-1952). She
(23)
to education, w o r k i n g with children w h o w e r e (24)
unable to learn and w r o t e
several b o o k s about her m e t h o d s .
Montessori schools d o not g r o u p children as traditional schools do. (25)
all the sixyear-olds studying together in the first grade, Montessori children are g r o u p e d in larger a g e groups in one
classroom. T h e teachers k e e p careful (26)
of each child's d e v e l o p m e n t and activities, b u t they d o not
(27)
the children. Parents are w e l c o m e to observe classes at a n y time, and parents and teachers
m e e t to discuss the child's development.
Children are taught h o w to (28)
things, beginning at the earliest ages. F o r e x a m p l e , in
kindergarten, each day a different child m a y b e (29)
preparing a snack for all the Children. T h e child
w o u l d b e taught h o w to (30)
apples safely a n d h o w to p o u r a n d serve glasses o f m i l k w i t h o u t
spilling them. T h e r e are often small animals in the classroom: m a y b e fish, birds, white m i c e , guinea pigs,
kittens. E v e n the smallest children are taught h o w to respect and (31)
these pets. Dr. Montessori
(32)
that children b e g i n to learn best w h e n t h e y can see and t o u c h something, c a n experience it
through their senses.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
152
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
went
suggested
in order to
rules
grade
make
g o o d at
cut up
В
В
В
В
в
в
в
в
got
famous
rather
marks
measure
do
in charge o f
cut short
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
turned
recommended
instead o f
records
classify
mend
successful in
cut in
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
moved
considered
while
directions
sort
repair
proud o f
cut at
31
32
А
А
look for
imagined
В
В
care for
trusted
C
C
w o r r y about
supposed
D
D
d r e a m about
believed
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r each of the e m p t y spaces (33-42) choose the correct a n s w e r ( А , В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e E v e r e a d y Battery C o m p a n y , n o w (33)
Energizer H o l d i n g s , Inc., p r o d u c e s m o r e than 6
billion batteries every year.
Batteries will not last longer if they (34)
in a refrigerator or freezer. In fact, they probably
w o n ' t last as long because the cold and condensation (35)
O f all the batteries (36)
them.
one out of every five is used in flashlights. Batteries h a v e a long
history. O v e r 2 0 0 years ago, in 1799, A l e s s a n d r o Volta (37)
the battery (guess w h e r e w e got the
w o r d "volt"). T h e flashlight w a s invented 100 years later, in 1899.
33
34
35
36
37
A
is called
A
A
A
В
stored
would damage
sold
has invented
В
В
В
в
с
C
C
called
w e r e stored
will d a m a g e
are sold
h a d invented
c
c
D
calls
D
is calling
are stored
damaged
w e r e sold
invented
D
D
D
D
will b e stored
is d a m a g e d
being sold
w a s invented
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Italian m a r i n e r Christopher C o l u m b u s w a s w i d e l y believed to b e the first E u r o p e a n (38)
across the Atlantic O c e a n and successfully land o n the A m e r i c a n continent.
C o l u m b u s b e g a n w o r k i n g at sea early o n a n d m a d e his first considerable v o y a g e in 1475. A year later, h e
survived a shipwreck off C a p e St. Vincent and (39)
ashore, after w h i c h h e m o v e d to Lisbon. H e
m e t pilots and navigators w h o believed in the existence of islands (40)
to the west.
In 1484, C o l u m b u s asked K i n g J o h n II of P o r t u g a l to b a c k his v o y a g e west, but (41)
January o f 1492, after b e i n g twice rebuffed, C o l u m b u s obtained (42)
. In
support.
C o l u m b u s w o u l d m a k e four v o y a g e s to the West Indies, w h i c h resulted in n u m e r o u s discoveries.
38
39
40
41
42
A
A
A
A
A
sailing
swam
farthest
has been refused
Ferdinand and Isabella
В
В
В
В
в
to sail
swim
father
had refused
Ferdinand's and
Isabella's
C
C
c
c
c
sail
swims
far
refused
Ferdinand and
Isabella's
D
D
D
D
D
sailed
swum
furthest
was refused
Ferdinand's and
Isabella
WRITING
43
A m o n t h ago y o u a n d y o u r family m o v e d h o u s e , so y o u h a d to go to a n e w school. Write a letter to y o u r
former classmate about the following points:
• w h a t y o u r n e w school is like a n d w h a t y o u like/dislike about it
• w h a t the teachers are like
• y o u r n e w friends
• the things you m i s s about y o u r previous school.
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates a n d addresses.
153
TEST 16
READING
TASK!
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices you d o n ' t need to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
SIMPLE TIPS FOR H O W TO BE POPULAR
By Jenney
Cheever
To learn h o w to be popular, y o u m u s t learn to b e a g o o d friend. T h a t ' s easier than y o u think.
1
. Treat others with kindness and respect. A l t h o u g h y o u m i g h t think it's cool to talk
trash about the n e w kid or the substitute teacher, r e m e m b e r that your rude c o m m e n t s d o n ' t m a k e y o u look
cool, they j u s t m a k e y o u look m e a n . It's like y o u r M o m always said, "If y o u d o n ' t h a v e anything nice to
say, d o n ' t say anything at all."
2
. Just because " e v e r y o n e else is doing it" d o e s n ' t m e a n y o u h a v e to do it too. People
w h o a r e n ' t afraid to m a k e their o w n choices in life radiate confidence, w h i c h is a c o m m o n trait of popular
people.
3
. Rather than going o n and o n about yourself w h e n y o u are talking with s o m e o n e , ask
other people h o w they are doing. Really s h o w interest in their responses. T h e ability to p a y attention to
other p e o p l e ' s thoughts, feelings and ideas is another quality that m a k e s y o u a good friend.
4
. N o one wants to hang around w i t h a grouch. W e all h a v e a b a d day n o w and then,
but try not to focus on the negatives in your life. T h e ability to roll with life's little disappointments is an
admirable quality.
5
. Part o f being a good friend is helping those in need. Small kindnesses, such as helping
y o u r friend out w i t h that big project or helping your neighbor shovel the driveway, are appreciated and
remembered.
A B e a g o o d listener
В B e optimistic
C B e gentle and polite
D D o n ' t b e a coward
E B e reserved
F D o n ' t b e a bore
G Go your own way
H B e ready to assist
157
TASK 2
R e a d t h e t e x t b e l o w . F o r q u e s t i o n s ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r (А, В , C , o r D ) . W r i t e y o u r
answers on the separate answer sheet.
J o h n J a m e s A u d u b o n , nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is k n o w n as one of the foremost authorities
o n N o r t h A m e r i c a n birds. B o r n in L e s Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, A u d u b o n w a s raised in F r a n c e and studied
art under F r e n c h artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's Pennsylvania estate at the age of
eighteen, he first b e g a n to study and paint birds.
In his y o u n g adulthood, A u d u b o n u n d e r t o o k n u m e r o u s enterprises, generally without a t r e m e n d o u s a m o u n t
of success; at various times during his life h e w a s involved in a mercantile business; a lumber and grist mill, a
t a x i d e r m y business, and a school. His general m o d e o f operating a business w a s to leave it either unattended or
in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions through the wilds to paint the natural life that h e saw. His
business career c a m e to e n d in 1819 w h e n h e w a s jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It w a s at that time that A u d u b o n began seriously to pursue the dream of publishing a collection of his
paintings of birds. For the next six years h e painted, birds in their natural habitats while his wife w o r k e d as
a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America,
w h i c h included engravings of 435 of his colorful and
lifelike w a t e r colors, w a s published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in England. After the success
of the English editions, A m e r i c a n editions of his w o r k were published in 1839, and his fame a n d fortune w e r e
ensured.
6
In the second paragraph, the author m a i n l y discusses
.
A h o w A u d u b o n d e v e l o p e d his painting style
В A u d u b o n ' s involvement in a mercantile business
C w h e r e A u d u b o n w e n t on h i s excursions
D A u d u b o n ' s unsuccessful business practices
7
A u d u b o n decided not to continue to pursue business w h e n
A
h e w a s injured in an accident at a grist mill
8
h e decided to study art in F r a n c e
C h e w a s put in prison because h e o w e d m o n e y
D h e m a d e e n o u g h m o n e y from his paintings
8
A c c o r d i n g to the passage, A u d u b o n ' s paintings
A w e r e realistic portrayals
В u s e d only black, white, and gray
C w e r e d o n e in oils
D depicted birds in cages
158
.
.
9
T h e w o r d "support' could best b e replaced b y
.
A tolerate
В
keep
C side with.
D fight for
10
It can b e inferred from the passage that after 1839 A u d u b o n
A
unsuccessfully tried to develop n e w businesses
В continued to b e supported b y his wife
C
traveled to E u r o p e
D
b e c a m e wealthy
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to
use.
// Kenya holiday, safari and cultural tour
Discover the contrasting scenery, wildlife environments a n d cultures of the M a a s a i M a r a , Rift Valley L a k e s ,
A b e d a r e s , M t K e n y a forests a n d the r u g g e d northern g a m e p a r k s of S a m b u r u and Buffalo Springs. O n the
w a y y o u will experience s o m e of the day-to-day life of the M a a s a i , K i k u y u and S a m b u r u peoples — visit
their villages, h o m e s and farms and b e g u i d e d b y t h e m through their lands and life. M i x of hotel, lodge, easy
c a m p i n g and b u n g a l o w a c c o m m o d a t i o n .
12 Gorilla Safari & the Masai Mara
We start with a j o u r n e y through the Great Rift Valley to L a k e N a i v a s h a a n d the prolific M a s a i M a r a for an
exceptional t w o days of g a m e viewing. Crossing into U g a n d a , w e h a v e a free day at Jinja w h e r e there is the
option of an exhilarating d a y ' s rafting o n the N i l e , followed b y a guided nature w a l k at L a k e M b u r o N . R the
next day. Finally w e head into R w a n d a for the highlight of the trip - the opportunity to see the gorillas. This
close-up encounter is arguably the m o s t sensational wildlife experience of t h e m all and is a wonderful end to
a remarkable trip.
13 Selous safari & Zanzibar
holiday
B i g g a m e , comfortable lodges and the true African b u s h - this trip gives y o u the best o f all worlds. You start
w i t h t w o nights at a small hotel c o m p l e x j u s t outside D a r es Salaam. Your first sights of the i m m e n s e unspoiled
wilderness of the Selous G a m e Reserve will b e from the w i n d o w of a train as y o u j o u r n e y from D a r E s Salaam.
You then e m b a r k o n three days of wonderful g a m e v i e w i n g b y j e e p a n d b y boat, exploring the habitats found
in this relatively u n k n o w n reserve.
14 Boutique hotel in Dahab, Egypt
With uninterrupted sea v i e w s from every b e d and a private balcony or terrace in every r o o m , this intimate design
hotel is the perfect break from everyday life. T h e hotel is inspired b y the natural beauty of the surrounding
159
mountains a n d the R e d Sea, with natural earth colour design and antique woodcraft interiors. Enjoy long days
in the p a l m tree garden a r o u n d the p o o l or explore other activities during y o u r escape.
15 Madagascar holidays, The lost continent
T h e fourth largest and one of the m o s t diverse islands of the w o r l d M a d a g a s c a r is solely u n i q u e - n i c k n a m e d
the "8th continent" because of its diversity of species! B r i m m i n g with e n d e m i c fauna and flora and w i t h a
culture, g e o g r a p h y and climate so diverse one will n e v e r b e disappointed w h e n travelling t h r o u g h this a m a z i n g
country. O n e m o m e n t y o u can be driving t h r o u g h pristine rainforest filled w i t h lemurs a n d c h a m e l e o n s a n d the
next y o u can b e out on the savannah plains-or white sandy b e a c h e s !
16MtMeru
Mt Mera
ural
(4,566m)
beauty
the
is only
excellent
50km
from
potential
Kilimanjaro
for
but with
acclimatization
on
superb
this
trekking
volcano
is
and i m m e n s e
often
nat­
overlooked.
With an a r m e d ranger escort w e avoid the m a i n track a n d take a route u p through the ancient forest. H i g h e r u p
there is thrilling trekking a r o u n d the crater rim with stunning v i e w s across to Kilimanjaro or b a c k to the plains
and volcanoes o f the Great Rift Valle
W h i c h of the tours will let y o u
A h a v e a relaxed h o l i d a y in style?
В take part in water activities a n d hiking?
C enjoy incredible natural variety?
D get acquainted with the locals' w a y of life?
E travel b y different m e a n s of transport?
F try out climbing a m o u n t a i n ?
G experience underwater s w i m m i n g ?
H take part in folk festivals?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) t h e o n e w h i c h best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on t h e separate a n s w e r sheet.
SOULFOOD
Soul food is a term associated with food created b y African-Americans of the Southern United States. In
the m i d - 1 9 6 0 s , " s o u l " w a s a familiar adjective (17)
.
African-Americans w o r k i n g as slaves w o u l d m a k e the m o s t o f what ingredients they h a d at hand. T h e
fresh vegetables they h a d u s e d in Africa w e r e replaced b y the t h r o w a w a y foods from the plantation h o u s e .
Their vegetables w e r e the tops of turnips and beets a n d dandelions. T h e y w e r e cooking w i t h greens they h a d
never tasted before: collards, k a l e , cress, m u s t a r d and p o k e w e e d . African-American slaves developed recipes
160
that (18)
, b e e f t o n g u e or tail, tripe and skin. C o o k s a d d e d onions a n d garden herbs such as garlic,
t h y m e , and b a y leaf to enhance the flavors.
T h e slave diet b e g a n to c h a n g e w h e n slaves started w o r k i n g in the plantation h o u s e s as cooks. T h e y h a d
access to a w i d e r variety of food and (19)
w i t h the families they w e r e cooking for. Fried chicken
began to appear o n the tables; sweet potatoes a c c o m p a n i e d the white potato. L o c a l foods like apples, p e a c h e s
a n d berries (20)
.
N o t h i n g w a s ever w a s t e d in the African-American kitchen. B r e a d p u d d i n g w a s created out of stale bread,
and each part o f the p i g had its o w n special dish. E v e n the liquid from the boiled vegetables (21)
.
T h e s l a v e s ' cuisine b e c a m e k n o w n as " g o o d t i m e s " food. T h e evening meal w a s a time for families to c o m e
together after long days and h o u r s of hard work. Songs a n d stories w e r e shared and (22)
.
Soul food originated in the South, b u t this cooking tradition has s i n c e spread all throughout the U n i t e d
States. Today, soul food restaurants exist in nearly every African-American c o m m u n i t y in the U . S .
A started to share their favorite meals
В spent m u c h t i m e o n c o o k i n g
C dinnertime b e c a m e a m e a l for b o t h b o d y and soul
D w e r e carefully w a s h e d a n d served
E w a s m a d e into gravy or turned into a drink
F u s e d to describe African-American culture
G w e r e transformed into delicious p u d d i n g s a n d pies
H used discarded meat, such as p i g s ' feet and ears
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W a s the m o o n once (23)
b y furry, w i n g e d batlike h u m a n s ? Today w e ' d (24)
at such
a n idea, b u t in 1835 p e o p l e believed it w a s true.
T h e eminent British astronomer Sir J o h n Herschel traveled to South Africa to (25)
telescope. In A u g u s t 1835, the New York Sun ran a series o f articles (26)
life on the m o o n , (27)
a new
that Herschel h a d discovered
p y g m y bison, b e a v e r s that w a l k e d on t w o legs, a n d the furry batlike h u m a n s .
B y the t i m e the fourth installment had (28)
, the New York Sun boasted the largest circulation o f
a n y n e w s p a p e r in the world.
It w a s all a h o a x perpetrated b y a British journalist w h o w a s trying to (29)
a n a m e for h i m s e l f
in the U n i t e d States b y boosting the circulation o f the floundering New York Sun.
W h e n N e i l A r m s t r o n g w a l k e d o n the m o o n , (30)
circulated that the event w a s nothing m o r e
than a deception contrived b y the U S government. S o m e t i m e after the w a l k o n the m o o n , the m o v i e
Capricorn
161
One s h o w e d h o w such a h o a x could b e (31)
not always true. It's (32)
. T h e y say that history repeats itself, but that's
that furry batlike p e o p l e w a l k e d on the m o o n , but it's a fact that N e i l
A r m s t r o n g did.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
described
В
reached
C
populated
D
shared
A
laugh
В
depress
C
speculate
D
excite
A
test
В
analyze
investigate
D
explore
A
characterizing
involving
A
appeared
A
support
A
concepts
A
designed
A
doubtful
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
expressing
A
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
including
come
make
plans
started
lucky
stating
D
demonstrating
covering
D
adding
happened
D
passed
sponsor
D
issue
rumors
D
projects
formed
D
created
amazing
D
definite
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces (33—42) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
If a goose gets sick or w o u n d e d while in flight, t w o other geese drop out of the flying formation and escort
the stricken g o o s e to protect it. T h e y stay w i t h it until it either (33)
(34)
or is able to fly again.
geese are very social animals a m o n g their o w n kind, they h a v e a tendency to bite
people.
W h e n migrating, a s n o w goose flies at speeds u p to 50 m p h a n d will travel almost 3,000 miles at an
altitude of almost 3,000 (35)
.
G e e s e m a t e for life a n d grieve at the loss of a m a t e .
T h e most w i d e s p r e a d goose in (36)
N o r t h A m e r i c a is the C a n a d i a n goose. U n l i k e m o s t
birds, the family stays together after the breeding season.
Small birds s o m e t i m e s (37)
33
34
35
36
37
A
A
A
A
A
will die
Although
foots
the
h a d hitchhiked
on the b a c k s of flying C a n a d i a n geese.
В
В
В
в
в
died
While
foot's
—
hitchhike
C
C
c
c
c
die
A s soon as
feet
a
b e e n hitchhiked
D
D
D
D
D
dies
Unless
feet's
an
being hitchhiked
M O T H E R OF CIVIL RIGHTS
R o s a Parks is called " T h e M o t h e r o f the Civil Rights M o v e m e n t . " She is considered one of (38)
important citizens of the 2 0 t h century. B y not giving u p her seat to a white passenger o n a city b u s , R o s a Parks
started a protest that redirected the course of history. I n (39)
162
, segregation laws w e r e prevalent in the
South. B l a c k and white people (40)
in almost every aspect of daily life. W h i t e p e o p l e w e r e given
preferential treatment. R o s a ' s actions p r o m p t e d the M o n t g o m e r y B u s Boycott. T h i s boycott lasted for over a
year and w a s one o f the largest (41)
against racial segregation in history. In 1956 the U . S . S u p r e m e
Court outlawed segregation o n city b u s e s . F o r the n e x t forty y e a r s R o s a P a r k s dedicated her life to civil rights
and continued to fight for equal rights for all p e o p l e . She received m a n y a w a r d s , (42)
the Martin
Luther K i n g Jr. Nonviolent Peace Prize and the Presidential M e d a l o f F r e e d o m .
38
39
40
A
A
A
most
the fifties
segregated
В
В
В
the most
the fiftieth
h a v e segregated
C
C
41
42
A
A
movements'
including
в
в
movement
included
c
much
the fifty
w e r e segregated
D
D
D
c
c
movement's
to include
D
D
much more
fifties
had been
segregated
movements
includes
WRITING
43
You are leaving school this year. Share ideas as to your future career w i t h your pen-friend. D w e l l o n the
following questions:
•
Should a person m a k e important decisions alone?
•
D o e s success c o m e from taking risks or careful planning?
•
W h a t are the most important skills to b e a successful person today?
•
Would y o u like to w o r k for yourself or for an e m p l o y e r ? W h y ?
Write a letter of at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write any dates and addresses.
163
TEST 17
READING
TASK 1
R e a d the text below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use.
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL ANGER
1
There will always b e a reason behind the fury that y o u are showing. A l w a y s try to find out what is creating the
stress, the outlet of w h i c h manifests itself in the form o f anger. If y o u discover the reason then y o u can find an
answer to it b y w h i c h y o u can avoid acting furious at anything and everything.
2
Try to see things from the perspective of others. This will m a k e y o u realize w h a t others will b e feeling about
y o u w h e n y o u b e c o m e angry or furious. If y o u m a n a g e to d o it, y o u will begin to feel a sort of calmness inside
y o u and y o u can, to an extent, prevent yourself from blasting off.
3
It is not that y o u cannot m a k e other p e o p l e understand the k i n d of situation y o u are in without s h o w i n g anger.
You j u s t n e e d to m a k e your c o m m u n i c a t i o n effective a n d to r e s p o n d to things w i t h o u t getting angry or hostile
about it.
4
D i s a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n w h a t y o u expect and w h a t y o u get will a l w a y s trigger the d o r m a n t volcano in you.
So, y o u should try to c o m p r o m i s e with y o u r expectations. If y o u can a c c o m m o d a t e yourself to any situation,
w h e t h e r g o o d or bad, u p or d o w n , y o u can very w e l l k e e p y o u r t e m p e r u n d e r control and not hurt others, as
well as yourself.
5
You might not b e able to forget the h a r m or the bitterness that h a d b e e n left b e h i n d d u e to s o m e o n e . It is
always better to forgive the p e r s o n than to k e e p hatred or bitterness against that person all throughout y o u r life.
Forgiveness is the best m e d i c i n e to control your anger t o w a r d s a person.
A Try to c a l m d o w n
В Take a look from aside
C E x c u s e your offender
D Listen to y o u r heart
E Identify the cause
F Learn to talk to p e o p l e
G B e realistic in y o u r h o p e s
H Avoid arguing w i t h others
167
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
WARRIOR QUEEN
T h e m o s t successful pirate of all time w a s a w o m a n . S h e c o m m a n d e d m o r e m e n a n d ships than any other
pirate in history. Best of all, from her point of view, she retired undefeated, a n d w a s allowed to live peacefully
into old age.
T h e n a m e o f this r e m a r k a b l e w o m a n w a s H s i K a i . Stunningly beautiful, she w a s also a wily negotiator and
an organizational genius. In return for her h a n d in marriage, she d e m a n d e d and got a 50 p e r c e n t share o f her
h u s b a n d ' s wealth. U p o n his death in 1807, she took complete control of the fleet.
For three years, Hsi K a i c o m m a n d e d m o r e than fifty thousand m e n a n d w o m e n and m o r e than a thousand
ships. H e r s w a s a pirate n a v y larger than that of m o s t world p o w e r s . She ruled m u c h of the South C h i n a Sea
with an iron hand, terrorizing shipping, attacking seaside villages, and defeating every naval force sent to
attack her.
B y 1810, Britain, Portugal, and C h i n a w e r e so fed u p that they assembled a c o m b i n e d force to attack Hsi
Kai. To avoid the massive loss of life such an assault w o u l d entail, the e m p e r o r of C h i n a offered amnesty: "If
there is anything of a w o m a n ' s heart in you, y o u will s o m e d a y w a n t p e a c e a n d offspring. C o u l d it b e n o w ? "
She w a s n ' t interested in children, but she k n e w a g o o d deal w h e n she saw one. U n d e r t e r m s she personally
negotiated with the g o v e r n o r general of Canton, she and seventeen t h o u s a n d of her m e n g a v e u p their ships
and w e a p o n s b u t w e r e allowed to k e e p their stolen treasures. She lived another thirty years and died w e a l t h y —
n o b o d y ever got the better of Hsi Kai.
6
W h i c h of the following is N O T T R U E about H s i K a i ?
A She b e c a m e rich after marrying a pirate.
В She headed the largest fleet ever existed.
C S h e died w h e n she w a s fairly elderly.
D She retired w h e n her h u s b a n d died.
7
W h y did the e m p e r o r o f C h i n a offer H s i K a i a m n e s t y ?
A H e w a s n ' t ready to defeat her.
В H e w a n t e d to save p e o p l e ' s lives.
C H e w a s fed u p w i t h negotiations.
D H e w a s n ' t sure of his victory.
8
W h a t is T R U E , according to the text?
A T h e e m p e r o r g a v e H s i Kai 5 0 % o f the stolen treasures.
В Hsi Kai accepted the e m p e r o r ' s offer after negotiating with him.
C T h e c o m b i n e d fleet o f Britain, Portugal, and C h i n a attacked Hsi K a i .
D T h e e m p e r o r offered Hsi K a i life and m o n e y in e x c h a n g e for her fleet.
168
9
W h y w a s Hsi K a i the greatest pirate of all time?
A There w e r e fifty thousand m e n a n d w o m e n in her fleet.
В H e r fleet counted m o r e than a t h o u s a n d ships.
C She terrorized seaside villages in cold blood.
D She w a s a very talented and gifted w o m a n .
10
W h y did H s i K a i consider herself a successful p e r s o n ?
A She w a s allowed to k e e p treasures.
В She ruled m u c h of the South China.
C N o b o d y could w i n victory over her.
D E v e r y b o d y envied h e r marriage.
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
11
BanktoftHall
H o m e to the entire brigade of 4,000 m i d s h i p m e n , this is one of the largest single dormitories in the world,
w i t h 1,873 r o o m s , five miles of corridors a n d 35 acres of floor space.
12
The Crypt of John Paul Jones
O n e of the greatest Revolutionary War n a v a l heroes, J o n e s is enshrined b e n e a t h the Chapel. His r e m a i n s ,
brought to A m e r i c a in 1905 after 113 years of obscurity in a Parisian cemetery, w e r e found b y General
H o r a c e Porter, U . S . A m b a s s a d o r to F r a n c e .
13
The American
Cemetery
A tribute to the thousands of A m e r i c a n y o u n g m e n w h o lost their lives during World War II. T h e cemetery
m o v i n g l y r e m i n d s of b o t h the A m e r i c a n influence a n d the importance of East A n g l i a ' s role during w a r t i m e
Britain.
14
Alumni Hall
A versatile facility at the academy, the hall seats 5,710 for concerts, athletic events, lectures and plays.
15
Leahy Hall
T h e offices o f the D e a n of A d m i s s i o n s and Candidate G u i d a n c e are o p e n to candidates interested i n
applying to the academy. General information is available.
169
16
Ricketts Hall
T h e building contains the offices o f the N a v a l A c a d e m y Athletic Association, a university athletic training
c o m p l e x a n d football locker r o o m . Tickets for N a v y athletic and cultural events are sold here.
It's a place w h e r e you (or m i d s h i p m e n ) c a n .
A get advice h o w to enter the a c a d e m y
В learn about the naval history
C h a v e inexpensive lodging
D m e e t for special occasions
E h o n o r those killed in action
F
see the grave of a famous person
G read about World War П
H p a y for entertainment
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the one w h i c h best fits each space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
G E T A LIFE, D O C , IF Y O U D A R E
T h e r e ' s an e-mail m a k i n g the r o u n d s with a j o b description attached. If y o u apply, b e warned: y o u will
b e b u r d e n e d with " c h a l l e n g i n g " tasks with "variable hours, w h i c h will include evenings and w e e k e n d s and
frequent 24-hour shifts o n call." T h a t ' s w h y lately (17)
. T h e y are often too busy wiping the n o s e s
and taking the temperatures of other p e o p l e ' s kids to d o likewise for their own.
Training to b e a paediatrician isn't m u c h fun. Granted, things could b e w o r s e : residents are called residents
because until 1950s (18)
. Their lives n o w are closer to normal, but a big p r o b l e m r e m a i n s : the
residency begins around age 2 6 , over-lapping exactly with the p r i m e years (19)
.
Solution is a part-time paediatrics residency. Take Susan Clinton Martin, w h o realized during her first
y e a r at Children's that her n e w j o b left her n o t i m e (20)
. Instead of quitting, she w e n t part-time.
N o w in her final year, she tells the directors she is "their happiest resident."
Stories of overworked, sleep-deprived doctors unwittingly m a k i n g mistakes are legion. Part-time
residents (21)
. T h e y m a y avoid another pitfall: depression, w h i c h afflicted 2 0 percent of paediatrics
residents in a recent study - and w h i c h can increase the chance of medical errors sixfold.
Given the data - a n d the fact that 17 percent o f paediatricians eventually take on part-time, practices paediatrics residents ought to b e clamouring for reduced schedules.Yet part-time residency remains an extreme
rarity. O f 10,000 " p e d s " residents in the U n i t e d States a m e r e ten are part-time. Too m a n y doctors s e e m to think
there's something noble in w o r k i n g themselves to b o n e . (22)
170
, there's nothing noble about it.
A for bearing and raising children
F certainly get more chances to rest
C I ' v e b e e n feeling sorry for paediatrics residents
В require a lot o f the s a m e skill
D they lived at the hospital
E to b e well-trained
H to raise t w o kids u n d e r age 4
G w h e n it hurts small people in their care
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r each of the e m p t y spaces (23—33) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
H O W M U C H EXERCISE DO W E REALLY NEED?
Ellen and D a v i d are c o m m i t t e d to their w o r k o u t s at the health club. T h e y b o t h g o every day after w o r k
and (23)
at least one h o u r doing exercise. B o t h are in (24)
and feel fit. T h e y believe
in the m o t t o " N o pain, n o gain."
A n d y a n d P a m are sitting in front of the television and watching yet another c o m m e r c i a l for the local g y m .
N e i t h e r one is an athlete, nor d o they really (25)
to learn a sport now.
A r e y o u m o r e like Ellen and D a v i d or A n d y and P a m ? O r do y o u fall s o m e w h e r e in b e t w e e n ? W e all k n o w
that exercise is important in (26)
for m a n y p e o p l e , the w o r d exercise
the b o d y healthy and (27)
studies h a v e found that health benefits can b e (28)
(29)
the risks of disease. B u t
m e a n s hours o f boring, strenuous activity. Recently, however, scientific
with non-strenuous exercise. T h i s is very
n e w s for all those people w h o thought they h a d to be athletes or w o r k as h a r d as athletes
to (30)
exercise w o r t h it. T h e n e w (31)
say that every adult should do at least 30
m i n u t e s of m o d e r a t e activity most days of the w e e k . There are m a n y w a y s to achieve this without b u y i n g
expensive (32)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
or j o i n i n g a health club.
use
shape
need
holding
destroying
performed
funny
make
guidelines
vehicles
В
В
В
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
spend
health
require
preserving
increasing
reached
encouraging
get
ideas
tools
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
pass
strength
care
protecting
shortening
achieved
embarrassing
do
directions
equipment
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
waste
well-being
demand
keeping
reducing
fulfilled
confusing
perform
hints
machines
171
TASK 6
R e a d t h e texts below. For each of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
T h e running of the bulls occurs every m o r n i n g during a (33)
than 2,000 runners (34)
fiesta. It's estimated that m o r e
.
T h e run itself lasts, only a couple o f minutes. T h e excitement is in the intensity o f the spectacle and the
risk of injury or death.
A fighting bull is (35)
a race horse for a short distance, can turn sharper than a polo pony, can
h o o k a falling leaf, can overturn an automobile w i t h its tossing m u s c l e , is considered one of (36)
animals, and is the only animal (37)
33
34
35
36
37
A
A
A
A
В
nine-day
will take part
faster
the smartest
been known
to instinctively attack a m a n or a horse.
В
В
В
в
с
nine-days
take part
still faster
smartest
be known
C
C
c
c
D
D
D
D
D
D
nine-days'
h a v e taken part
m u c h faster
the smarter
to b e k n o w n
nine-day's
are taking part
as fast as
smart
known
E N J O Y I N G P O P C O R N AT T H E M O V I E S
N a t i v e A m e r i c a n s ate p o p c o r n as food a n d w e r e the first (38)
(39)
it popped. It w a s not
1914 that a farm b o y from I o w a formed the A m e r i c a n P o p C o r n C o m p a n y and b e g a n to sell
popcorn. Gradually, it b e c a m e a national fad. In the 1920s it (40)
into the m o v i e theaters. P e o p l e
wanted to eat it during the m o v i e , but the theater m a n a g e r s discouraged the practice since the crunching
distracted (41)
_ _ people. P o p c o r n is n o w an established " m u s t " for all (42)
38
39
40
A
A
A
try
in
w a s introduced
B
В
В
to try
until
is introduced
C
C
C
41
42
A
A
another
theatergoer
в
в
other
C
theatergoers
c
h a v e tried
at
has b e e n
introduced
the other
theatergoers'
D
D
D
D
D
.
tried
since
had been
introduced
others
theatergoer's
WRITING
43
Y o u ' v e applied for a part-time position of a reporter at a local newspaper, and y o u h a v e b e e n asked to
write a n article about the p r o b l e m s of your h o m e t o w n . D w e l l o n the following:
•
tell about the town/city y o u live in
•
describe w h a t has changed in it since your childhood
•
s u m m a r i z e the m o s t actual p r o b l e m s
•
suggest the steps to b e taken to o v e r c o m e these p r o b l e m s .
172
TEST 18
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
This is the interview w i t h the famous singer Sir P a u l McCartney, in w h i c h the 65-year-old Beatle explains w h y
h e b e c a m e the unofficial face of the British P a r a l y m p i c s t e a m and helped to raise £ 2 m to send it to Beijing.
1
Well, I a d m i r e it, y o u know. It's a great h u m a n effort w h e n y o u are faced with s o m e t h i n g as devastating,
or potentially devastating, as illness or injury. To b e able to o v e r c o m e it and m a k e something of it, I
think it's a g o o d m e t a p h o r for a lot o f things that h a p p e n in the world. It m a k e s y o u think: ' W h o a , if
they can o v e r c o m e that, w h a t a m I m o a n i n g a b o u t ? '
2
O n e of the reasons that I love the O l y m p i c s is that I love athletics; on telly that's probably m y
favourite thing. I love the c o n d e n s e d effort o f sprints; I like the 4 0 0 , the 800, the longer ones, but b y
the t i m e it gets to the m a r a t h o n I ' m a little bit b o r e d b e c a u s e I h a v e got a short attention span.
3
A little bit, b u t not as m u c h as I n o w know. T h a t ' s o n e o f the things: m o s t of u s k n o w the Paralympics
exist, b u t I thought it w a s p r o b a b l y a g o o d idea to raise a w a r e n e s s of it. A l s o to raise s o m e money,
b e c a u s e they are pretty underfunded and, of course, w i t h s o m e o n e like Sophie it takes quite a lot to
get her and her horse and h e r support t e a m to Beijing.
4
There w a s a guy, M a t t Skelhon, with a kind o f m o h i c a n cut, going for the groovy look. T h e idea that I
p i c k e d u p w a s : ' L o o k j u s t b e c a u s e this h a s h a p p e n e d to m e , I ' m not going to shrink away. I ' m g o i n g
to b e b o l d . ' H e ' s got a look that identifies h i m a n d h e ' s a v e r y positive guy. I a m a great believer that
if y o u c a n put a positive spin o n things, it can attract luck b a c k into your life.
5
N o , actually. I w a s terrible, pretty hopeless, really. I u s e d to enjoy football in the street, but b y the
time it got a bit m o r e formalised, I w a s n ' t v e r y g o o d at it. T h a t puts y o u off? there are always g u y s
mightily bigger or better than y o u are. A n d that's h o w it w a s w i t h the Beatles; n o n e of u s w a s very
sports-minded. I like watching the football o n the telly, I g o to the occasional m a t c h , but I ' m not a
massive fan.
176
A O S M : W e understand that y o u w a n t e d t o b e involved w i t h t h e British P a r a l y m p i c t e a m after m e e t i n g a
disabled equestrian rider, S o p h i e Christiansen. H o w did y o u r paths Cross?
В D i d y o u k n o w m u c h about t h e P a r a l y m p i c s ?
C Were y o u surprised b y the dedication a n d level o f preparation o f o u r disabled athletes?
D You m u s t h a v e m e t a lot o f athletes - w e r e there a n y individuals w h o particularly m a d e an impact on
you?
E Y o u g r e w u p in o n e o f the m o s t sport-obsessed cities in t h e w o r l d - h a s sport a l w a y s b e e n a passion o f
yours?
F W h a t about other sports?
G D o n ' t y o u think that sports build a strong character?
H T h e dedication of disabled athletes m a k e s t h e m good role m o d e l s for other p e o p l e , d o e s n ' t it?
TASK 2
R e a d t h e text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) c h o o s e t h e correct a n s w e r ( А , В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s o n t h e separate a n s w e r sheet.
QWERTY
D o y o u k n o w t h e indispensable part o f y o u r c o m p u t e r that is m o r e than a century old?
T h e m o d e r n typewriter w a s b o r n in t h e b a c k o f K l e i n s t e u b e r ' s M a c h i n e S h o p in M i l w a u k e e . T h a t ' s w h e r e
Christopher Sholes took s o m e p i a n o w i r e a n d a telegraph k e y a n d built a crude typing device in 1868. It could
type only o n e letter, a rather fuzzy-looking w, but it w a s still pretty a m a z i n g for its time. Sholes a n d his partners
designed a m o r e ambitious m o d e l w i t h all t h e letters in t h e alphabet.
T h e typewriter h a d a p r o b l e m , t h o u g h . Try t o t y p e quickly o n it, a n d t h e type bars b a n g e d into o n e another
a n d got stuck. T h e solution t o that p r o b l e m resulted in t h e k e y b o a r d w e k n o w today.
Sholes consulted with an educator w h o h e l p e d h i m analyze t h e most c o m m o n pairings o f letters in the
English l a n g u a g e . H e then split u p those letters so that their t y p e bars w e r e farther apart a n d less likely to j a m .
That i n turn dictated the layout o f the k e y b o a r d — k n o w n as Q W E R T Y , for t h e first five letters in t h e u p p e r row.
In a m a n n e r o f speaking, h e slowed d o w n t h e typists t o prevent j a m m i n g , a n d thus speed u p t h e typing.
In 1873 t h e Sholes & Glidden Type Writer b e c a m e t h e first t o b e m a s s - p r o d u c e d , a n d its k e y b o a r d layout
w a s soon standard on all typewriters. T h e original Sholes & Glidden typed only capitals a n d w a s designed in
a n a w k w a r d fashion that prevented the typist from looking at t h e p a p e r while typing. A d s trumpeted its value
to clergymen a n d lawyers, but it sold quite poorly at first. O n e reason: it w a s expensive. It cost $ 125 , t h e
equivalent o f m o r e than $ 1,700 today.
Other k e y b o a r d layouts h a v e b e e n created since, a n d s o m e are demonstrably m o r e efficient, but the original
continues t o thrive. It is a telling illustration of the power of inertia a n d t h e r e w a r d of b e i n g first.
177
6
W h a t is T R U E , according to p a r a g r a p h 1?
A T h e first typewriter w a s fuzzy looking.
В Sholes w a s the o w n e r of a shop in M i l w a u k e e .
C T h e first typewriter appeared m o r e than 100 years ago.
D Sholes tried to i m p r o v e the typewriter alone.
7
W h a t w a s the w e a k point o f the first typewriter m o d e l ?
A poor design
В a m a z i n g letters
C strange-looking w
D low efficiency
8
W h a t d o e s the passage state?
A Educators dictated h o w to group letters o n the keyboard.
В A p e r s o n could type v e r y quickly o n the first typewriter.
C Typists slowed d o w n the i m p r o v e m e n t of the keyboard.
D Sholes avoided p r o b l e m s having rearranged the letters.
9
W h a t is N O T m e n t i o n e d about the original Sholes & Glidden typewriters?
A O n l y capital letters could b e typed o n it.
В T h e design w a s inconvenient for the users.
C All the letters w e r e in the u p p e r row.
D T h e y w e r e w i d e l y advertised.
10
B y saying "It is a telling illustration of the p o w e r of inertia . . . " the author implies that people
A are slow to accept something n e w
В are ready to demonstrate efficiency
C are inclined to expect s o m e r e w a r d
D continue to succeed in their business
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
THE TOWER OF LONDON
11
The Tower of London has been h o m e to the w o r l d famous British C r o w n Jewels since the beginning of the
14th century. Still used b y the Queen and her family today, the C r o w n Jewels are a n essential part of your
visit.
178
12
T h e R a v e n s are one of the m o s t famous sights at the Tower of London. Legend has it that Charles П was
warned that should the Ravens leave the Tower, the monarchy would fall, and he therefore ordered that
henceforth a small population should always remain.
13
Yeoman Warders (often called Beefeaters) have been at the Tower of L o n d o n since the 14 century. Today they
th
combine their traditional ceremonial role with that of tourist guide. T h e m a i n tour (60 minutes) brings to life the
Tower's history including imprisonment, torture and intrigue.
14
The A r m y has been involved with the Tower of London since its creation and today, the Royal Regiment
of Fusiliers open their m u s e u m to the public (as this is a an independent m u s e u m there is a small entrance
charge).
15
The Tower of London was a residence for the kings a n d queens of England as well as being a fortress. These
rooms are shown as they m a y have appeared in the reign of Edward I (1272—1307).
16
A s you enter through the West Gate you can get an impression of h o w the Tower w a s protected against attack.
In Water Lane y o u can also see Traitor's Gate where m a n y famous prisoners entered the Tower of London for
the last time.
You will
.
A see w h e r e and h o w the m e m b e r s of the R o y a l family lived
В k n o w about the life of the m o s t famous prisoners
C see the birds which symbolize the p o w e r of the Q u e e n
D follow the path of those sentenced to i m p r i s o n m e n t
E h a v e to p a y a little bit of m o n e y for the admission
F
see h o w the Tower w a s protected from the enemies
G m e e t the p e r s o n w h o ' l l s h o w y o u all the sights in the Tower
H see wealth and treasure of the m o n a r c h ' s dynasty
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h s p a c e ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
W H Y IS F R I D A Y T H E 1 3 C O N S I D E R E D U N L U C K Y ?
t h
Friday is n a m e d for Freya, goddess of sex and fertility, (17)
a n d w o r s h i p p e d on the sixth day.
In R o m a n m y t h o l o g y she corresponded to Venus, the goddess of L o v e . Therefore, in pre-Christian cultures
Friday w a s a g o o d day for matters of the heart, (18)
. A s w i t h m a n y p a g a n customs and beliefs,
179
though, Friday got a b a d rap from Christians. Freya w a s transformed into a witch to be feared and reviled along
with her sacred animal, the cat. There are lots o f black Fridays in Christian religious tradition. Friday is the
day that Jesus w a s crucified, (19)
, the Temple of S o l o m o n was destroyed, and the Great Flood
started.
It has b e e n suggested that (20)
dates as-far b a c k as the time of primitive h u m a n s w h o , according
to theory, could only count using ten fingers and t w o feet, and treated any n u m b e r greater than twelve with
mistrust. O n the other h a n d m a n y pre-Christian cultures, (21)
, considered thirteen to b e lucky.
H a v i n g thirteen guests at a m e a l is considered u n l u c k y in m a n y cultures. There w e r e thirteen p e o p l e at the last
supper, (22)
, a n d the H i n d u s still avoid inviting thirteen guests to a gathering.
A suspicion of the n u m b e r thirteen
В such as getting married
C w h y Friday and n u m b e r 13 c a m e together
D o n e o f w h o m betrayed Jesus
E such as the Chinese and the A n c i e n t Egyptians
F w h o w a s associated with cats
G A d a m and E v e ate the forbidden fruit
H o n e considered Friday the 13th u n l u c k y
TASK 5
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e the text below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
D O ALL BEARS HIBERNATE?
To b e accurate, n o b e a r hibernates (passes the winter in a resting state). W h e n an animal hibernates,
it is near death. Its b o d y temperature (23)
to n e a r 32°F, it breathes j u s t a few times a minute.
If the animal is e x p o s e d to w a r m t h , a few h o u r s m a y pass before it a w a k e n s . A n i m a l s that hibernate
(24)
bats, h e d g e h o g s , ground squirrels.
A l t h o u g h m o s t p e o p l e say that bears hibernate, hibernation is not the proper (25)
in the
case of bears. If left alone they can sleep in the s a m e position for m o n t h s , yet they a w a k e n quite easily if
(26)
.
T h e reason for hibernation and d e e p winter sleep is the same. D u r i n g winter, food is scarce, and it's often
difficult for s o m e animals to (27)
their n o r m a l b o d y temperature. To (28)
m a n y animals pass the t i m e a w a y b y hibernating or sleeping. T h e y (29)
plentiful. B y sleeping for long periods of time, they (30)
.
themselves,
b o d y fat w h e n food is
activity to a m i n i m u m and also control
their temperature and metabolism.
N o t all bears sleep all winter. If bears live in an environment w i t h a g o o d year-round food (31)
,
they d o n ' t n e e d to go into a deep winter sleep. T h e m a l e polar b e a r never goes into dormancy, but the female
d o e s only if she is pregnant. If a bear is kept in a zoo w h e r e food is always (32)
d o r m a n c y regardless o f h o w cold it m a y get.
180
, it will not g o into
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
ЗО
31
32
А
А
А
А
А
А
А
А
А
А
sinks
cover
term
concerned
conserve
protect
collect
possess
mass
available
В
В
В
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
drops
consist
title
interrupted
support
defend
store
control
fund
organized
C
C
quits
include
duration
disturbed
continue
cover
gather
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
keep
collection
completed
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
leaves
add
season
interfered
maintain
mind
reserve
preserve
supply
achieved
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces (33—42) c h o o s e the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
M u r d e r w a s not the only illegal activity of H . H. H o l m e s . O n c e h e flavored city w a t e r w i t h vanilla a n d sold
it as a cure-all (33)
L i n d e n G r o v e M i n e r a l Water. A n o t h e r time h e u s e d his credit (34)
a very large safe, w h i c h h e (35)
into his m a n s i o n . H e built a r o o m around the safe. W h e n he refused
to p a y for the safe, his creditors c a m e to take it back, but they could not get it out o f the tiny r o o m .
(36)
record of 2 0 0 m u r d e r s w a s only b r o k e n 80 years later w h e n P e d r o A l o n s o L o p e z , a native
of Colombia, m u r d e r e d 3 0 0 p e o p l e in a b l o o d y orgy that covered three countries. K n o w n as the " M o n s t e r of
(37)
A n d e s , " h e w a s discovered w h e n a flash flood u n c o v e r e d s o m e o f his early victims.
33
34
35
36
37
A
A
w a s called
to b u y
В
В
called
buying
C
C
b e called
has b o u g h t
D
D
has, called
bought
A
A
В
had moved
the H o l m e s
В
was moving
C
с
the H o l m e s ' s
a
c
-
в
moved
Holmes's
the
D
D
D
has m o v e d
Holmes
an
D
THANKING THE BIRDS
O n e day in the early (38)
, Swift Eagle, an A p a c h e m a n , visited s o m e friends o n the O n o n d a g a
Indian Reservation. W h i l e h e w a s out w a l k i n g , h e heard sounds of b o y s w h o (39)
W h e n h e p u s h e d through the b u s h h e found that they (40)
in the bushes.
a chickadee, robin and several blackbirds.
T h e b o y s looked u p at h i m , uncertain w h a t h e w a s going to do. T h e r e are several things that a non-Indian bird
lover might h a v e done: given a stern lecture; threatened to tell the (41)
parents; or even spanked
them. Swift Eagle, however, did something else.
H e the b o y s to a place w h e r e they could m a k e a fire and cook the birds. H e m a d e sure they said a thanky o u to the spirits of the birds them, and as they ate h e told stories. You know, our Creator g a v e the gift of life
to everything that is alive. B u t our Creator permitted to h u n t to feed (42)
and our people. So y o u
b o y s must h a v e b e e n very h u n g r y to kill those little birds".
181
38
39
40
41
42
А
А
А
А
А
thirtieth
played
had killed
boys
ourselves
В
В
В
в
в
thirties'
w e r e playing
killed
boy's
us
C
c
c
c
c
thirties
h a v e played
h a v e killed
boy
themselves
D
D
D
D
D
thirty's
h a d played
kill
boys'
our
WRITING
43
You h a v e j u s t turned 18 and are thinking of getting a driving license. Yesterday y o u c a m e across an
advertisement of a Driving School located in y o u r n e i g h b o u r h o o d . Write a letter to the School m a n a g e r in
which:
•
give the reason for y o u r writing
•
ask about the duration a n d price of the course
•
ask about the instructors a n d the cars available
ask for a b r o c h u r e with detailed information.
Write a letter o f at least 100 w o r d s .
D o not write a n y dates a n d addresses.
182
TEST 19
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
5 TIPS F O R BACKPACKING
1
This m a y s e e m fundamental to m o s t but I, like m a n y others, set off on m y first b a c k p a c k i n g Europe trip with
j u s t a one w a y ticket. W h e n the m o n e y ran out sooner than expected it w a s a major hassle getting b a c k h o m e .
M a k e sure y o u h a v e a (preferably o p e n dated) return ticket with you.
2
D o some research and h a v e an outline of y o u r b a c k p a c k i n g trip and possible places to stay (hostels are the best
for meeting u p w i t h other backpackers a n d like-minded travellers) but aim to g o with the flow and d o n ' t pre
plan your trip too m u c h . D o n ' t try to p a c k in too m a n y places. B a c k p a c k i n g E u r o p e does not m e a n y o u h a v e
to visit every E u r o p e a n capital in four w e e k s , or even four m o n t h s . Relax, taste and feel the different culture,
get to k n o w the locals and i m m e r s e yourself a little.
3
B a c k p a c k i n g is hard work! W h a t e v e r y o u take with y o u on y o u r b a c k p a c k i n g trip will b e carried on your back
for the duration. O b v i o u s ? Yes but it's a m a z i n g h o w h e a v y that backpack can b e c o m e after y o u ' v e lugged it o n
a n d off b u s e s and trains n u m e r o u s times. Travel light. Really really light. Wear a pair of comfy shoes and p a c k
one m o r e pair. O n e jacket, a couple o f j u m p e r s and Tshirts, an extra pair of j e a n s , shorts, swimwear, towel. You
s h o u l d n ' t need m u c h else.
4
Y o u ' l l meet lots o f n e w p e o p l e , other b a c k p a c k e r s , travellers, locals, and y o u ' l l most likely end u p chatting
easily to strangers. M o s t of t h e m will b e g o o d p e o p l e , b u t not all o f them. Girls should b e particularly vigilant.
Stay in touch w i t h family. If immediate strangers ask, always tell t h e m that y o u r family or friends at h o m e
k n o w exactly w h e r e y o u are, i.e w h i c h city y o u are in a n d the address w h e r e y o u are staying,
5
This from a female b a c k p a c k e r ( m e again!) w h o hitched t h o u s a n d s o f miles in the 8 0 ' s across France, Italy and
G r e e c e . Yes there are plenty o f w i e r d o s out there. You m a y feel there is safety in n u m b e r s but that's not a l w a y s
so. Catch the bus or the train, really it's worth it!
186
A D o n ' t travel alone
В B e aware of personal safety at all times
C Avoid hitchhiking
D D o n ' t p u t too m a n y things into y o u r b a c k p a c k
E Try to enjoy every m i n u t e of it
F
D o n ' t plan to visit too m a n y places
G Carry little cash
H G e t a ticket b a c k h o m e in advance
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Genius t h o u g h h e w a s , L e o n a r d o d a Vinci d i d n ' t p r o d u c e m a n y paintings b e c a u s e h e w a s a perfectionist
and spent years o n each one. O n l y seventeen o f t h e m survive, a n d they are all v e r y valuable. L e o n a r d o b e g a n
painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 and finished it shortly before his death in 1519. Today m a n y consider it the
m o s t famous painting in the world, and one of the m o s t precious, but this h a s n ' t always b e e n the case.
T h e Mona Lisa d i d n ' t b e c o m e w e l l - k n o w n until the Symbolist m o v e m e n t in the mid-nineteenth century,
w h e n it w a s v i e w e d as the e m b o d i m e n t of eternal femininity. T h e p a i n t i n g ' s fame skyrocketed in the twentieth
century, w h e n it w a s stolen from the L o u v r e in 1911. T h e theft closed the m u s e u m d o w n for a week. Pablo
Picasso w a s o n e of the suspects, but it turned out the painting h a d b e e n taken b y a L o u v r e e m p l o y e e , Vincenzo
Peruggia, w h o w a s a p p r e h e n d e d two years later w h e n h e tried to sell it to the Ufizzi Gallery in Florence.
Perhaps the m o s t important element of the painting is the gaze: it meets ours, w h i l e M o n a L i s a ' s posture
and the visual impression of distance b e t w e e n sitter a n d observer that L e o n a r d o created give her an almost
divine inaccessibility.
Mona Lisa is a realistic w o m a n and an ideal at the same time, full of contradictions. D y n a m i s m , a n d a sense
of m o v e m e n t , are always hailed as hallmarks of a masterpiece, and L e o n a r d o succeeds in capturing d y n a m i s m
in motion, rather than s o m e o n e holding a halt smile. C o m p l e x paintings evoke c o m p l e x responses - there are
n o easy analyses or interpretations. T h e painting continuously toys with our perceptions and emotions.
Speculations about the identity of the sitter also contribute to the painting's fame, until 2 0 0 5 w h e n a
library expert at the University of Heindelberg discovered a 1503 m a r g i n note written b y Agostini Vespucci.
The sitter is n o w confirmed as Lisa del G i o c o n d o , the wife o f F r a n c e s c o del G i o c o n d o , a wealthy Florentine
silk merchant. T h e painting w a s c o m m i s s i o n e d to celebrate the birth o f their second child. Detailed analysis of
the painting has s h o w n that she is w e a r i n g a typical garment, w o r n b y w o m e n while pregnant or after giving
birth. Before then there h a d b e e n m u c h speculation about the w o m a n ' s identity, including the suggestion that
the painting w a s m e a n t as an ironic self-portrait.
A b o v e all, it is the enigmatic smile that continues t o h o l d the public imagination in b o t h popular culture
a n d the art world. It is a smile that seems to disappear w h e n y o u look at it directly and L e o n a r d o painted it with
this intention. Professor Margaret Livingstone at H a r v a r d University explains that " h e r smile is almost entirely
187
in low special frequencies, and so is best seen b y y o u r peripheral vision," and says that artists like L e o n a r d o
"discovered fundamental truths that scientists are only n o w unraveling."
6
W h y d i d n ' t L e o n a r d o da Vinci p r o d u c e m a n y paintings?
A H e preferred to w o r k slowly.
В H e w a n t e d his paintings to b e ideal.
C H e w a n t e d his paintings to cost a lot.
D H e w a s n ' t especially interested in painting.
7
A c c o r d i n g to p a r a g r a p h 2 the Mona Lisa
.
A w a s stolen for P a b l o Picasso
В b e c a m e w o r l d famous overnight
C w a s b o u g h t b y an Italian gallery
D w a i t e d for 500 y e a r s to get t o fame
8
T h e painting is,famous for all the reasons E X C E P T
.
A it is L e o n a r d o ' s last painting
В it is a s y m b o l o f w o m a n l i n e s s
C it h a s c a u s e d a lot o f arguments
D it m a k e s a mysterious impression
9
A c c o r d i n g to the passage the Mona Lisa
.
A is different from the rest of da Vinci's paintings
В w a s L e o n a r d o ' s present to L i s a del G i o c o n d o
C used to b e missing for a couple of years
D depicts the m o s t beautiful smile ever
10
W h i c h of the following is T R U E of L e o n a r d o and his paintings?
A H e got a lot o f m o n e y for his paintings.
В H e presented his paintings to m u s e u m s .
C His paintings immediately b e c a m e famous.
D H i s Mona Lisa has excited p e o p l e ' s interest for centuries.
188
TASK З
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need t o use.
11 GEMINI
It is likely to be one of those annoying days
where nothing seems to go right. From missing
the bus to misdirected emails you will find that
poor communications slow your day right d o w n .
Allow extra time for journeys for today, and be
assured that tomorrow will be much better!
13 VIRGO
It's going to be a very relaxing day for you today
thanks to the positive influence of the moon. At
the beginning of the day you may feel a little
drained after all the energy that has been
buzzing around you lately. However, by the end
of the day you will have found a way to simply
ЙЯЧЙ
intn я mnrp Г А І Я У Й Г І statpl
12 LIBRA
The planets haven't been brilliantly kind to you
over the last few days, and thanks to the
continuing challenges from the stars you're likely
to be feeling a twinge of dissatisfaction today too.
Arm yourself with a couple of trusty friends who
will be able to keep you feeling as optimistic as
possible!
14 LEO
You can look forward to a generally good day, but
for the one or two obstacles that are standing in
the way of your happiness in matters of the heart.
Maybe'you need to rethink the way you approach
this. Being more tolerant will certainly help you
overcome the problem!
15 PISCES
16 SAGITTARIUS
You are not usually one for loving lots of
attention, preferring to sit back and quietly take
stock. However, thanks to the power of the
elements you will be full of witty comments
today and everyone around you will be keen to
allow you to take center stage in any social
gatherings!
You should try and avoid the mall today, because
the planetary line-up suggests that you're likely to
fritter your money away, especially if you're not
feeling on top of the world. To give your mood a
boost you should arrange an evening of dancing
the night away instead!
189
P e o p l e of w h i c h sign
A are going to h a v e the m o s t enjoyable d a y ?
В are likely to need a helping h a n d ?
C should b e ready to get out of the b a c k g r o u n d ?
D m a y h o p e for a m o r e successful day in the near future?
E
are sure to succeed in business?
F
are going to h a v e a wonderful day for r o m a n c e ?
G should b e m o r e flexible?
H are going to h a v e a b a d day for shopping?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e f r o m ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are two
choices y o u d o not n e e d to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
N e w York City is the birthplace o f Broadway, w h i c h b e g a n in the early 1900s and soon b e c a m e the cultural
center o f N e w York.The theatre district fascinated large groups of middle-class people in search o f m u s i c ,
excitement, and r o m a n c e . T h e best seats in the h o u s e cost only $2.00. T h e relationship b e t w e e n audience and
actors w a s lively and high-spirited. A u d i e n c e s b e c a m e caught u p in the plays, (17)
.
B r o a d w a y reached its p r i m e during the 1920s. L a w r e n c e Langner, organizer of the Theatre Guild, helped
B r o a d w a y b e c o m e a performing arts center (18)
.
After the stock-market crash o f 1929 a n d the Great Depression, B r o a d w a y plunged. T h e n u m b e r of
productions declined a n d (19)
. Ironically, this b e c a m e a creative period. M a n y of B r o a d w a y
theatres n o w included d r a m a s of social protest, (20)
.
B r o a d w a y b e g a n to c o m p a r e w i t h television a n d m o v i e s during the 1940s. M o s t theatres o n B r o a d w a y
w e r e turned into film h o u s e s . B y this time, television w a s b e c o m i n g a competitor. Television w a s p r o v i d i n g
the public w i t h free entertainment.
M o d e r n day B r o a d w a y is alive a n d well and B r o a d w a y theatre is considered the m o s t prestigious form
of professional theatre in the U n i t e d States, (21)
. S o m e ticket booths sell s a m e - d a y tickets
for m a n y B r o a d w a y s h o w s at half price. This service helps sell seats that w o u l d otherwise g o empty, and
(22)
. M a n y theatres also offer special student rates, same-day " r a s h " tickets, or standing-room
tickets to h e l p ensure that their theatres are full.
A u s i n g t h e s l o g a n " T h e a t r e as a W e a p o n "
В m a k e s s e e i n g a s h o w in N e w Y o r k m o r e affordable
C talking to the actors, clapping and cheering
D giving a start to m a n y stars
E put m a n y theatre p e o p l e out of w o r k
F t h a t influenced the theatre of the world
G getting m o r e and m o r e famous
H as w e l l as the m o s t well k n o w n to the general public
190
TASK 5
R e a d a n d complete t h e text below. F o r e a c h o f the e m p t y spaces (23—32) choose the correct a n s w e r
(А, В , C or D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
Personal space can b e imagined as a k i n d of bubble surrounding a person that (23)
his or her
privacy and w h i c h other p e o p l e m a y not normally enter. P e o p l e from cultures that like a lot o f personal space
(24)
a w k w a r d w h e n s o m e b o d y c o m e s too close to t h e m ; people w h o need less personal space are
often offended w h e n others s e e m to want to k e e p t h e m at a (an) (25)
T h e a m o u n t of personal space people need also (26)
.
several other factors. People of the same
sex m a y stand closer to each other than to s o m e b o d y o f the opposite sex. Strangers try to (27)
each o t h e r ' s space. S o m e British people avoid sitting next to strangers o n b u s e s a n d if there a r e lots o f
(28)
seats they choose one b y itself.
F o r a private conversation A m e r i c a n s need at least 3 0 centimetres b e t w e e n each other, and British p e o p l e
m o r e . (29)
s o m e b o d y to enter y o u r personal space m a y b e a sign o f trust o r love.
British people tend to avoid touching o r being (30)
close t o people outside their o w n family.
W o m e n often greet m e m b e r s o f their family with a kiss o n one cheek, and m a y also greet friends in this way.
Men. are often (31)
about "kissing female m e m b e r s o f the family or children in public, a n d
never kiss men. M e n rarely touch their friends unless t o shake h a n d s o r slap t h e m o n the (32)
in
congratulation.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
liberates
seem
distance
depends o n
admire
free
letting
mentally
happy
face
В
В
В
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
frees
feel
reach
trusts to
honor
empty
enabling
physically
bored
ear
C
C
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
protects
appear
length
relies o n
respect
occupied
approving
psychologically
embarrassed
back
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
supports
experience
interval
rests o n
appreciate
unfilled
allowing
visibly
tired
head
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h o f the e m p t y spaces (33—42) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r answers o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
M o r e than 100 (33)
Chinese h a v e the s u r n a m e Z h a n g . O v e r 4 0 percent of C h i n a ' s population
has one of the 10 major surnames: Z h a n g , Wang, Li, Z h a o , Chen, Yang, W u , Liu, H u a n g , and Z h o u .
In a language that uses an alphabet, the letters are clues to h o w a w o r d (34)
also give few clues to pronunciation. T h a t is w h y Chinese (35)
and b e understood. If they (36)
. Chinese characters
different dialects can write to one another
, they w o u l d probably not understand each other.
191
In San Francisco, (37)
California, the v o t e r ' s ballot is printed in the three major languages:
Chinese, Spanish, and English.
33
34
35
36
37
A
A
A
A
A
million
is pronounced
are speaking
speak
-
В
В
В
millions
been pronounced
speaking
w e r e speaking
a
в
в
C
C
c
c
c
million's
pronounced
speak
have spoken
an
D
D
D
millions'
being pronounced
speaks
will speak
the
D
D
TRICK OR TREAT
In the evening of (38)
O c t o b e r 3 1 , if y o u take a w a l k d o w n a n e i g h b o r h o o d street y o u m i g h t
see pirates, ghosts, princesses and w i t c h e s ! B u t d o n ' t b e alarmed, these " g h o s t s " are (39)
H a l l o w e e n (40)
(41)
children.
as a celebration connected with ghosts and evil spirits. Witches
o n b r o o m s t i c k s , b l a c k cats, ghosts, goblins a n d skeletons h a v e since evolved as symbols of
H a l l o w e e n . B l a c k a n d o r a n g e are the traditional H a l l o w e e n colors. A m e r i c a n s decorate w i n d o w s of houses
and schools w i t h silhouettes of the various H a l l o w e e n s y m b o l s . P u m p k i n s are (42)
main symbol
of H a l l o w e e n .
38
39
40
41
42
A
A
A
A
A
costumed
is started
w e r e flying
the other
В
В
В
в
в
а
costuming
h a s started
are flying
other
C
C
c
c
c
an
costume's
started
b e flying
another
D
D
D
D
D
the
costumes'
h a d started
flying
others
WRITING
43
I m a g i n e that y o u are to introduce U k r a i n e to a g r o u p of students from different countries. Write y o u r
speech in w h i c h :
•
describe the m o s t characteristic features o f the Ukrainians
•
dwell on s o m e c u s t o m s and traditions
•
describe a U k r a i n i a n c u s t o m y o u w o u l d like p e o p l e from other countries to adopt
•
invite students to visit U k r a i n e . G i v e y o u r r e a s o n s .
192
TEST 20
READING
TASK 1
M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 — 5 ) . T h e r e are three choices y o u d o n ' t need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s
o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
C h o o s i n g a university can look like a daunting process, but there are lots of resources to help m a k e it easier.
Before you start filling out those university application forms, consider the m a n y variables that affect the "fit"
o f a university to y o u r u n i q u e personality and educational goals. Take a look at the following factors.
1
M a k e sure the university offers the p r o g r a m y o u w a n t - y o u can check p r o g r a m listings in this directory,
or online www.aucc.ca/can_uni/search/ index_e.html. R e m e m b e r that your first year is often a time to try a
variety of courses, and then choose the area in w h i c h y o u w a n t to specialize. You could try n e w fields of study
that a r e n ' t available in high school - courses like astronomy, philosophy or international studies.
2
H a v e a look at the university calendars and read the individual course outlines. You can also c o m p a r e h o w
individual p r o g r a m s are designed by different universities (such as course c o m p o n e n t s ) , the structure of courses
(is it group w o r k or e x a m - b a s e d ? ) and the flexibility offered each y e a r in terms o f w h a t students can choose
to study.
3
D o y o u w a n t a small university, w h e r e m o s t of the students are undergraduates and live on c a m p u s ? Alternatively,
w o u l d y o u prefer a larger university, with access to a greater range of facilities and p r o g r a m s ?
4
A University's reputation continues to b e a major factor in h o w students choose w h e r e to study. That said,
choosing a university should not b e d o n e solely o n reputation. B e aware that reputations are sometimes out
of date or overstated, so first-hand experience is often beneficial. Prospective students can visit the c a m p u s e s
of their top university choices and spend s o m e time talking with current students and getting a feel for the
c a m p u s . Try to get a sense of h o w y o u ' d see yourself living in that particular p l a c e for three or four years.
5
T h e costs- associated with attending university g o well b e y o n d tuition fees to include housing, food, b o o k s ,
supplies, and personal living expenses. T h e s e costs are different depending u p o n the type of p r o g r a m , type of
university a n d the size a n d location of the school.
196
A Start w i t h studying y o u r admission requirements
В Find out about the course content
C Try to get your o w n impression of the university y o u choose
D M a k e sure y o u can afford it
E Learn h o w far a w a y from h o m e it is
F
See if y o u ' l l b e satisfied with the housing conditions
G Consider the size of the university
H C h e c k o n the curriculum
TASK 2
R e a d the text below. F o r questions ( 6 — 1 0 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A, В , C , or D ) . W r i t e y o u r
answers on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
D u r i n g 1976, several children a n d teenage girls independently spied a strange feathered " o w l m a n " near
the church at M a w n a n , a small village o n the south coast of Cornwall. J u d g i n g from the sketch m a d e b y
eyewitness June Melling, 12, w h o saw it hovering over the church tower o n 17 April, it resembled a m a n
with feathered w i n g s , pointed ears and a black beak. B y contrast, it appears m u c h m o r e owl-like in a d r a w i n g
prepared b y Sally C h a p m a n , one of t w o teenage girls w h o reportedly observed this entity o n 3 July, as it
stood amid s o m e pine trees in the w o o d s near the church and then took flight. A c c o r d i n g to Sally a n d fellow
eyewitness Barbara Perry, it w a s like a big o w l the size of a m a n , w i t h g l o w i n g red eyes, pointed ears and
pincer-like feet. Sally's description and sketch recall the E u r o p e a n eagle o w l Bubo bubo, an extremely large
species not native to Britain but a frequent escapee from collections, with bright orange eyes, p r o m i n e n t ear
tufts a n d h u g e talons o n its feet. Further sightings occurred near M a w n a n church in 1978, after w h i c h it s e e m e d
to vanish from
existence.
D u r i n g the late 1980s, however, a teenager w h o m I shall identify only as G a v i n ( n o w an undergraduate
zoology student) w a s w a l k i n g with his girlfriend one s u m m e r evening t h r o u g h w o o d l a n d s in the vicinity o f
M a w n a n w h e n they saw the o w l m a n standing o n a thick branch in a large conifer tree, w i t h its w i n g s raised.
Grey and b r o w n in colour, with glowing eyes, it s e e m e d around 1.25 metres (4 feet) tall, and they discerned
t w o h u g e toes o n the front o f each foot. W h e n the creature saw its eyewitnesses, "...its h e a d j e r k e d d o w n and
forwards, its w i n g s lifted and it j u s t j u m p e d b a c k w a r d s . A s it did its legs folded u p . " Its behaviour once again
calls to m i n d a very large owl, although G a v i n is not sure w h a t it w a s . S o m e researchers d e e m the o w l m a n to
b e a zooform entity, or simply a hoax. T h e simple truth is that w e j u s t d o n ' t know.
6
W h a t is T R U E about the " o w l m a n " ?
A O n l y teenagers could see it.
B Its habitat w a s in the p i n e trees.
C N o b o d y could see it after the 90ies.
D It c a m e from the south coast of Cornwall.
197
7
A c c o r d i n g to Sally C h a p m a n , the " o w l m a n " looked like
A an o w l w h i c h b e h a v e d like a m a n
В a m a n with owl-like eyes, ears and feet
C an owl w h i c h w a s as big as a m a n
D an eagle-like creature with m a n l y eyes
.
8
W h a t does the author imply b y saying that the " o w l m a n " s e e m e d to v a n i s h from existence?
A It escaped from the cruel world.
В It tried to hide from p e o p l e ' s eyes.
C It r e m i n d e d about itself from t i m e to time.
D It disappeared from the surface of the earth.
9
W h a t D I D N ' T G a v i n say about the " o w l m a n " ?
A It w a s n ' t bright.
В It h a d four toes.
C It could fly.
D It d i d n ' t m o v e .
10
It can b e inferred from the text that the " o w l m a n " w a s
A an extinct eagle o w l
В a strange h u m a n b e i n g
C an unidentified creature
D a mixture of a m a n and an owl
.
TASK3
R e a d the texts below. M a t c h choices ( A — H ) to ( 1 1 — 1 6 ) . T h e r e are t w o choices y o u d o n ' t need to use.
11
12
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198
•>.4
W h e r e can you
A b u y everyday clothing?
В get dinnerware and gifts?
C b u y things for y o u r h o u s e ?
D order h o m e m a d e cookies?
E get equipment for planting?
F b u y clothes for ladies?
G b u y gold and silver things?
H order different drinks?
TASK 4
R e a d the text below. C h o o s e from ( A — H ) the o n e w h i c h best fits e a c h space ( 1 7 — 2 2 ) . T h e r e are t w o
choices y o u d o not need to use. W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s on the separate a n s w e r sheet.
IS IT T R U E THAT A D I N O S A U R L A R G E R T H A N
TYRANNOSAURUS REX WAS RECENTLY FOUND?
In 1995 scientists in A r g e n t i n a discovered a meat-eating dinosaur they n a m e d Giganotosaurus.
claimed that it w a s as big as or bigger than the N o r t h A m e r i c a n Tyrannosaurus.
being disputed. A l t h o u g h Giganotosaurus
They
However, their claim is still
had a larger skull, it had a smaller brain, m a k i n g it less i n t e l l i g e n t
It has a longer u p p e r leg b o n e but a shorter lower leg b o n e , so both (17)
.
However, the non-meat-eating dinosaurs w e r e considerably larger. In fact, of all the k n o w n dinosaurs,
w h i c h one is the biggest d e p e n d s o n h o w (18)
A dinosaur n a m e d Argentinosaurus
.
w a s recently discovered in Argentina (hence the n a m e ) . It w a s as tall
as a seven-story building and w e i g h t e d 110 tons.
In 1994 (19)
Sauroposeidon,
found
the b o n e s
of another h u g e dinosaur. T h e y n a m e d
it
w h i c h m e a n s "earthquake g o d lizard."
O n e standard m e a s u r e m e n t u s e d to define a d i n o s a u r ' s size is length, w h i c h is m e a s u r e d from the tip o f
its nose to the tip of its tail. B e c a u s e Sauroposeidon
claim it is (20)
w a s 3 0 feet longer than Argentinosaurus,
s o m e scientists
.
We h a v e anything against the state o f O k l a h o m a , b u t (21)
o n record
goes
to
the
m o n s t e r from Argentina.
T h a t ' s not the end o f the story. A fossil h u n t e r in C o l o r a d o unearthed one o f the largest dinosaur legs ever
discovered. B a s e d o n the leg, h e estimated that the dinosaur w a s probably 98 feet long a n d w e i g h e d 130 tons.
Unfortunately, that's only a guess until (22)
.
A s o m e o n e finds the rest o f the dinosaur
В the size o f a m o d e r n c h i c k e n
C dinosaurs w e r e about the s a m e height
D o u r v o t e for t h e l a r g e s t dinosaur
E y o u m e a s u r e a dinosaur's size
F
a highly efficient plant-eating creature
G the largest animal ever found
H scientists in southeastern O k l a h o m a
TASKS
R e a d a n d c o m p l e t e t h e text below. F o r e a c h o f the e m p t y spaces ( 2 3 — 3 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (A,
В , C o r D ) . W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n t h e separate a n s w e r sheet.
SUPERSTITIONS
Superstitions are beliefs that certain things or events will bring g o o d or b a d luck. M a n y p e o p l e (23)
that luck plays an important part in their lives. P e o p l e (24)_
200
superstitions w h i l e they
are children. M o s t superstitions are centuries old.
P e o p l e are also interested in fate and in k n o w i n g w h a t will h a p p e n to therii in the future. M o s t p e o p l e
k n o w which (25)
o f the zodiac they w e r e b o r n under, and read their h o r o s c o p e in m a g a z i n e s ,
t h o u g h only a few take w h a t is said (26)
(27)
. W h e n things g o w r o n g they m a y say 'Just m y luck!',
their o w n b a d luck.
There are m a n y w e l l - k n o w n signs of b a d luck, s o m e o f w h i c h h a v e a religious (28)
. The
n u m b e r 13 is considered u n l u c k y b e c a u s e there w e r e 13 p e o p l e at the Last Supper. M a n y people believe t h e y
will h a v e a b a d day w h e n the 13th d a y o f the m o n t h (29)
o n Friday the 13th.
A w e l l - k n o w n cause o f b a d luck is to w a l k u n d e r a ladder leaning against a wall. This idea m a y h a v e
(30)
out of the practice in m e d i e v a l times c f h a n g i n g criminals from ladders. A person w h o (31)
a mirror will h a v e seven y e a r s ' b a d luck, but an old, little-known solution is to put the pieces
u n d e r running w a t e r in order to w a s h a w a y the b a d luck. S o m e p e o p l e think it is b a d luck to (32)
a black cat cross in front o f t h e m ; others think black cats bring g o o d luck, and they give p a p e r black cats as
tokens at w e d d i n g s .
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
В
B
В
recognize
find
symbol
evidently
criticizing
appearance
falls
developed
misses
в
в
в
в
в
в
в
allow
imagine
learn
emblem
clearly
charging
origin
happens
progressed
sees
enable
C
C
dream
open
mark
seriously
blaming
start
turns
created
finds
permit
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
believe
invent
sign
obviously
analyzing
birth
passes
established
breaks
let
TASK 6
R e a d the texts below. F o r e a c h of the e m p t y spaces ( 3 3 — 4 2 ) choose the correct a n s w e r (А, В , C or D ) .
W r i t e y o u r a n s w e r s o n the separate a n s w e r sheet.
A MELTING POT
T h e t e r m melting p o t is (33)
associated w i t h the U n i t e d States. T h e U n i t e d States is a melting
p o t of people from different cultures a n d races. W h i l e A m e r i c a n English is generally standard, A m e r i c a n
s p e e c h can (34)
according to w h a t part o f the country y o u are in. Westerners are k n o w n as (35)
traditional o f A m e r i c a n s , a n d the m o s t tolerant o f c h a n g e a n d differences. M i d w e s t e r n e r s are
k n o w n for (36)
honest, straightforward p e o p l e o f traditional values. T h e southwest has h a d the
least influence b y E u r o p e a n immigrants. M u c h o f its culture (37)
b y native A m e r i c a n s and b y the
Spanish.
33
34
35
A
A
A
strong
to b e differed
least
В
В
В
stronger
b e differing
the least
C
C
strongest
to differ
c
the less
D
D
D
strongly
differ
little
201
36
37
А
А
to b e
has b e e n defined
В
В
C
C
be
h a d defined
being
defined
D
D
beings
is defining
PRESIDENTS' DAY SALES
On the third M o n d a y in February, the people of (38)
U n i t e d States h o n o r two great presidents,
George Washington and A b r a h a m Lincoln. George Washington. "Father of His Country," w a s the c o m m a n d e r
in chief of the Continental A r m y that w o n the thirteen original (39)
Britain. A b r a h a m Lincoln w a s able to unite the country (40)
independence from Great
the period of A m e r i c a n history w h e n
seven Southern states tried to break a w a y from the U n i o n and start their o w n country. H e is also praised for
the proclamation that (41)
(42)
slavery. A s with other legal holidays, it is customary for retail stores
sales o n P r e s i d e n t s ' Day.
38
39
40
41
42
A
A
A
A
A
the
colony
on
has ended
to h a v e
В
В
В
в
в
—
colonies'
since
h a d ended
have
C
C
c
c
c
an
colonies
during
was ended
having
D
D
D
D
D
a
colony's
from
ended
has
WRITING
43
•
T h e local n e w s p a p e r is running a contest for H i g h school students "I L o v e M y School". Write an article to
the newspaper. D w e l l on the following points:
describe your school building
write about the rules y o u are supposed to o b e y at school
•
tell about the m o s t important events in the school y e a r
•
explain w h a t changes y o u w o u l d like to m a k e in y o u r school.
202
ВІДПОВІДІ ДО ТЕСТІВ
TEST
1С
2Е
ЗА 4Н
20А
21Н
38D
39В
5G
6D
7С
8В
22С
23В
24D
25А
40С
41А
42С
1 (p. 4)
9С
10А
11D
12В
13А
14Н
15G
26С
27D
28В
29С
30В
31А
32С
TEST
1G
2В
4А
5D
6С
21D
22С
ЗЕ
23С
24D
25В
7С
39В
40С
41А
42А
IE
2Н
8А
2
4G
5А
6В
7В
25В
26В
21Н
22С
23В
24А
29В
40С
41А
42С
Н
4G
5Е
19А 2 0 Е
21В
22F
23В
37В
39
IF
2
С
З
38D
2Е
D
З Н
40В
4G
41С
5D
6С
12А
13Е
14F
15С
16Н
17Н
18F
19В
20А
ЗОА 3 1 D
32В
33D
34В
35А
36В
37С
38С
9С
10А
11В
14D
15Е
16F
17Е
18G
19В
20А
27С
28D
29В
35А 36D
37D
38А
8В
9С
10
25А
26А
27С
3
ЗОА 3 1 D
4
37С
38В
39D
40А
41С
42В
С
25D
22Н
23D
24В
40D
41С
42В
12D
7D
8D
33D
13
F
34В
30D
14А
С
17Н
18С
32С
ЗЗА 3 4 D
35В
36D
15Н
16Е
18Е
19С
31А
15D
16
28D
29А
26А
6
13G
14С
ЗОС З І В
17Н
32С
ЗЗС
34D
35С
36А
( p . 55)
9А
10В
11D
12А
13G
14В
15Е
16С
17D
18G
19А
20Е
27С
28А
29В
30D
31А
32В
33В
34D
35А
36В
37А
38В
8В
7
( p . 66)
НЕ
12С
27
В
28А
TEST
8
2Е
5D
6D
7С
9D
10А
19В
20С
21А
22G
23D
24А
25В
26С
36D
37А
38С
39С
40А
41В
42В
ID
2С
5F
6В
7В
21D
22Е
23С
24В
25А
26С
39В
40D
41С
42D
4А
29D
11В
1G
ЗН
12Н
10D
TEST
ЗА 4Н
НЕ
28В
TEST
39А
32С
(p. 34)
(p. 55)
27В
25А
21С
13С
5
26С
24В
6С
(р.24)
12G
TEST
9D
23В
5Е
(p. 14)
11G
8А
22F
4G
37D
29D
7D
21D
2А 3D
36С
42А
20А
IF
35В
10D
7А
24D
34А
19В
28А
8А
6D
33D
18G
9С
TEST
ID
17Е
27А
26D
TEST
ЗВ
16С
8А 9В
27D
13G
29D
15D
16Н
17Е
18Н
ЗОА 3 1 А
14А
32D
ЗЗС
34А
35В
(p. 77)
10D
11С
12D
13Н
14F
15G
16А
17В
18G
19Н
20А
28В
29А
ЗОС 3 1 D
32А
33В
34D
35А
36А
37D
38С
205
TEST
ID
2H
20A
38C
3G
4F
5B
6D
7C
8D
21D
22C
23B
24D
25A
39C
40A
41В
42B
9
9A
10D
11H
12G
26C
27C
28A
29D
TEST
ID
2F 3E
4C
5G
6D
7B
25D
26В
21C
22E
23A
24С
39A
40C
41A
42A
8A
IE
2H
4D
5B
6C
22Н
3F
23В
24C
25A
7A
26C
39D
40В
41A
42C
ID
2B
21G
39A
10
5C
6D
7A
22A
23В
24C
25C
26В
40A
41C
42C
ID
2G
4C
5F
6C
22G
23C
24A
25A
39D
40C
41C
42B
1G
2H
20G
38A
3B
3C
7A
21H
22F
23A
24D
25A
39C
40В
41A
42D
2H
ЗА 4B
35A
36В
37C
(p. 97)
18D
19B
20F
27A
28C
29B
30D
31A
32С
33В
34С
35D
36B
37D
38B
11
(p. 107)
9B
IOC
HE
12G
13D
14B
15F
16A
17C
17F
19B
20A
27D
28A
29В
30C
31C
32D
33D
34C
35A
36В
37В
38C
15F
16D
17H
18F
19B
20D
37D
38D
9C
10A
28В
12
(p. 117)
HE
12В
13C
14G
29A 30D
ЗІВ
32A
13
ЗЗА 3 4 В
35A
36C
(p. 127)
9B
10D
HE
12F
13A
14C
15G
16В
17B
18D
19E
20C
27В
28A
29C
30D
ЗІВ
32A
ЗЗС
34A
35A
36D
37D
38C
8A
9C
26В
TEST
14
10A
11G
27C
28B
(p. 137)
12F
13C
14D
15A
16В
17C
18A
19D
29D
30C
31C
32A
33B
34D
35C
36A
37A
15
(p. 147)
6C
7A 8B
9C
10D
11D
12B
13E
14G
15C
16A
17C
18D
19F
20E
25C
26C
27A
28В
29В
30В
31A
32D
33В
34C
35В
36A
37D
38B
22Н
23C
24D
39A
40B
41D
42C
TEST
1C
2G
5H
6D
7C
21E
22C
23C
24A
25A
26C
39A 40C
41D
42A
206
34В
5E
21В
ЗА 4B
ЗЗС
17H
TEST
1G
31A 32В
16С
8C
7C
19B
15В
26D
6D
18E
14Н
27A
5A
17G
13F
8C
4D
16C
12A
TEST
21H
15D
11D
8B
4G
30В
14A
IOC
TEST
ЗА
13E
9B
TEST
21D
(p. 87)
8A
9B
10D
27В
28A
16
11D
29В
(p. 156)
12В
13E
14A
15C
16F
17F
18Н
19A
20D
30C
31D
32A
33D
34A 35C
36В
37В
38B
TEST
IE
2B
21F
39В
3F
4G
5C
6D
7B
8D
22G
23В
24A
25C
26D
40A
41C
42B
17
ЮС
11C
12F
13E
14D
15A
16Н
17C
18D
19A
20H
27D
28C
29В
30A
31A
32C
ЗЗА 34B
35D
36A
37D
38B
16D
17F
18B
19G
20A
34A
35C
36C
37D
38C
31C
32C
ЗЗА
34A
TEST
1H
2F 3 B
4D
5E
6C
7D
21E
22D
23В
24C
25A
26C
39В
40A
41D
42A
8D
18
2F
3D
4B
5C
6B
7B
10A
11H
12C
13G
27D
28A
29В
30C
31D
8A 9C
14G
15C
25В
26A
27C
28B
29D
19E
20A
21Н
22В
23C
24В
37A 38A
39A
40C
41D
42C
3C
22A
4D
23D
5A 6C
24B
38A
39В
40C
41D
42A
7C
TEST
20
9C
ЮС
11C
26C
27C
8D
25D
(p. 185)
13A
18F
21D
32A 33В
12В
36В
2H
15A
11D
17C
1G
19
14E
10D
35В
20G
(p. 175)
9C
TEST
1H
(p. 166)
9D
28В
16H
30В
(p. 195)
12E
13H
29A 30A
14G
31D
15F
32D
16A
33D
17C
18E
34D
35В
19H
36C
37A
207