Workshop and repair manual
VOLVO
Engine
TAD1343GE
TAD1344GE
TAD1345GE
7748841
01/06/2010
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33525078101_0_1
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Workshop Manual
Group 00-08, 20-26, 32
I
5(0)
TAD1341GE, TAD1342GE, TAD1343GE, TAD1344GE, TAD1345GE,
TAD1340VE, TAD1341VE, TAD1342VE, TAD1343VE, TAD1344VE,
TAD1345VE, TAD1350GE, TAD1351GE, TAD1352GE, TAD1353GE,
TAD1354GE, TAD1355GE
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Content
General Information
00-0 General ................................................................................................ 2
00-9 Miscellaneous ..................................................................................... 6
Specifications
03-2 Specifications, Engine ....................................................................... 7
03-3 Specifications, Electrical ................................................................. 45
Safety and Other Instructions
05-1 Safety Instructions ........................................................................... 48
Special tools
08-2 Special Service Tools ....................................................................... 52
General
20-0 Engine Information, General ............................................................ 59
Engine
21-0 Engine Complete, General ............................................................. 116
21-1 Cylinder Head .................................................................................. 153
21-3 Cylinder Liner, Pistons ................................................................... 175
21-4 Valve Mechanism ............................................................................ 177
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft ................................................................. 201
21-6 Crank Mechanism ........................................................................... 211
Lubricating and Oil System
22-1 Oil pump and Line .......................................................................... 229
22-2 Oil filter ............................................................................................ 233
22-3 Oil cooler ......................................................................................... 239
Fuel System
23-0 Fuel System, General ..................................................................... 245
23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter ............................................................. 248
23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes .......................................................... 255
23-8 Control System, ECM, Data Sets ................................................... 266
Inlet and Exhaust System
25-0 Inlet and Exhaust System, General ............................................... 268
25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds .......................................................... 269
25-5 Turbocharger .................................................................................. 274
Cooling System
26-0 Cooling System, General ............................................................... 278
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat ............................................................ 284
26-3 Fan, Fan Shroud ............................................................................. 296
Alternator, Charge Regulator
32-1 Alternator ......................................................................................... 298
Alphabetical index .................................................................................. 301
References to Service Bulletins ............................................................ 303
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00-0 General
About this Workshop manual
General information
Certified engines
This Service Manual contains technical data, descriptions and maintenance and repair instructions for
standard model Volvo Penta products. A list of these
products may be found in the section Specifications.
When carrying out service and repair on emission-certified engines, it is important to be aware
of the following:
The product designation and the serial number and
specification is indicated on the engine decal or type
plate. This information must be included in all correspondence regarding the product.
The service manual is produced primarily for the use
of Volvo Penta workshops and their qualified personnel. It is assumed that any person using the Service
Manual has a fundamental knowledge of the product
and is able to carry out mechanical and electrical
work to trade standard.
Volvo Penta continually develops its products; we
therefore reserve the right to make changes. All information in this manual is based on product data which
was available up to the date on which the manual was
printed. New working methods and significant
changes introduced to the product after this date are
communicated in the form of Service bulletins.
Spare Parts
Spare parts for the electrical and fuel systems are
subject to various national safety standards. Volvo
Penta Original Spare Parts meet these standards. No
damage of any kind caused by the use of spare parts
not approved by Volvo Penta will be compensated by
any warranty undertaking.
Certification means that an engine type has been
inspected and approved by the relevant authority.
The engine manufacturer guarantees that all engines
of the same type are manufactured to correspond to
the certified engine.
This places special demands on service and repair
work, namely:
•
Maintenance and service intervals recommended by Volvo Penta must be complied with.
•
Only spare parts approved by Volvo Penta may
be used.
•
Service on injection pumps, pump settings and
injectors must always be carried out by an
authorized Volvo Penta workshop.
•
The engine must not be converted or modified,
except with accessories and service kits which
Volvo Penta has approved for the engine.
•
No changes to the exhaust pipe and engine air
inlet duct installations may be made.
•
No warranty seals (where present on the product) may be broken by unauthorized persons.
The general instructions in the Operator's Manual
concerning operation, service and maintenance
apply.
IMPORTANT!
Neglected or poorly-performed care/service and the
use of spare parts not approved by Volvo Penta, will
mean that AB Volvo Penta no longer guarantees that
the engine conforms to the certified model.
Volvo Penta accepts no responsibility for damage or
costs arising as a result of failure to follow the above
mentioned standards.
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7748841 06-2010
00-0 General
Repair instructions
Introduction
Our mutual responsibility
The working methods described in this manual are
based on a workshop scenario where the product is
mounted in a holding fixture. Maintenance work is
often carried out in situ, in which case – if nothing else
is indicated – using the same working methods as the
workshop.
Each product comprises a large number of interacting
systems and components. A deviation from the technical specification may dramatically increase the
environmental impact of an otherwise reliable system. It is therefore critical that the stated wear tolerances be adhered to, that systems which can be
adjusted be correctly set up and that only Volvo Penta
Original Parts are used. The intervals in the care and
maintenance schedule must be followed.
Some systems, e.g. fuel systems, often require special expertise and test equipment. A number of components are factory-sealed, for among other things
environmental reasons. Warranty-sealed components may not be worked on without authorization to
perform such work.
Warning symbols that occur in the service manual.
For significance, refer to Safety Information .
!
!
!
DANGER!
WARNING!
CAUTION!
IMPORTANT!, NOTICE!
are by no means comprehensive since not everything
can be foreseen as service work is carried out in the
most varied of circumstances. We call attention to
risks that may occur due to incorrect handling during
work in a well-equipped workshop using working
methods and tools tried and tested by us.
The service manual describes work operations carried out with the aid of Volvo Penta Special Tools,
where such have been developed. Volvo Penta Special Tools are designed to ensure the safest and most
rational working methods possible. It is therefore the
responsibility of anyone using tools or working methods other than those we recommend to ensure that
no risk of personal injury or mechanical damage is
present, or that malfunction can result.
In some cases, special safety regulations and user
instructions may be in force for the tools and chemicals mentioned in the Service Manual. These regulations must always be followed, and no special
instructions regarding this are to be found in the Service Manual.
Remember that most chemical products, incorrectly
used, are harmful to the environment. Volvo Penta
recommends the use of biodegradable degreasers
whenever components are cleaned, unless otherwise
specified in the Service Manual. When working outdoors, take especial care to ensure that oils and wash
residues etc. are correctly properly for destruction.
Tightening torques
Tightening torques for vital fasteners that must be
applied using a torque wrench are indicated in the
Service Manual, chapter Tightening torques and in
the Manual's work descriptions. All torque indications
apply to clean threads, bolt heads and mating faces.
Indicated torque data apply to lightly-oiled or dry
threads. If lubricants, locking fluids or sealants are
required for fasteners, the correct type will be noted
in the job description.
By taking these basic precautions and using common
sense it will be possible to guard against most elements of risk. A clean workplace and a clean product
will eliminate many risks of personal injury and malfunction.
Above all, when working on fuel systems, hydraulic
systems, lubrication systems, turbochargers, inlet
systems, bearings and seals, it is of the utmost importance that dirt and foreign objects are kept away, as
malfunctions or shortened service intervals may otherwise result.
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3
00-0 General
Torque, angle tightening
Sealing compounds etc.
When torque/angle tightening, the fastener is tightened to a specified torque, and tightening then continues through a pre-determined angle.
To ensure service work is correctly carried out it is
important that the correct type of sealants and locking
fluids are used on joints where such are required.
Example: For 90° angle tightening, the fastener is
turned a further 1/4 turn in one sequence, after the
specified tightening torque has been achieved.
In each service manual section concerned, the sealants used in product manufacture are indicated. The
same sealants, or sealants with equivalent properties, must be used for maintenance work.
Lock nuts
Removed locknuts may not be re-used; they must be
replaced by new ones, as locking properties are
impaired or lost with re-use.
In the case of lock nuts with plastic inserts the tightening torque indicated must be reduced if the nut has
the same nut height as a standard, all-metal hexagonal nut.
Reduce the torque by 25% for bolt sizes of 8 mm or
larger.
In the case of lock nuts with plastic inserts with a high
nut-height (where the all-metal thread is as high as a
standard hexagonal nut), the indicated torque
applies.
Strength classes
Nuts and bolts are subdivided into different strength
classes. The classification is shown by a marking on
the bolt head. Markings of a higher number indicate
stronger material. For example, a bolt marked 10-9 is
stronger than one marked 8-8.
For this reason, it is important that when bolts are
removed they are returned to their original locations
on re-assembly. When replacing bolts check the
applicable Spare parts catalogue to ensure the correct bolt is used.
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Make sure that mating surfaces are dry and free from
oil, grease, paint and anti-corrosion agent before
applying sealant or locking fluid. Always follow the
manufacturer's instructions regarding applicable
temperatures, hardening times and such.
Two basic types of compound are used:
RTV preparations (Room Temperature Vulcanizing).
Used most often together with gaskets, e.g. sealing
gasket joints, or are brushed on gaskets. RTV sealants are completely visible when the part has been
removed. Old RTV sealant must be removed before
the component is sealed again. Use denatured alcohol.
Anaerobic agents.
These agents cure (harden) in the absence of air.
These preparations are used when two solid components, e.g. two cast components, are fitted together
without a gasket. Common uses are also to lock and
seal plugs, stud threads, taps, oil pressure monitors
etc.
Hardened anaerobic preparations are glassy and for
this reason, the preparations are colored to make
them visible. Hardened anaerobic preparations are
highly resistant to solvents, and old compound cannot be removed. On re-assembly, it is important to
carefully degrease and wipe dry components first,
before applying new sealant in accordance with the
instructions.
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00-0 General
Safety regulations for fluorocarbon
rubber
The following seals are most probably made from fluorocarbon rubber:
Fluorocarbon rubber is a common material in sealing
rings for shafts, and in O-rings, for example.
Seal rings for the crankshaft, camshaft, idler shafts.
When fluorocarbon rubber is exposed to high temperatures (above 300°C/572°F), hydrofluoric acid
can form. This is highly corrosive. Contact with the
skin can result in severe chemical burns. Splashes in
your eyes can result in chemical wounds. If you
breathe in the fumes, your lungs can be permanently
damaged.
O-rings, regardless of where they are installed. Orings for cylinder liner sealing are almost always
made of fluorocarbon rubber.
Please note that seals which have not been
exposed to high temperature can be handled normally.
WARNING!
Seals must never be cut with a torch, or be burnt
afterwards in an uncontrolled manner. Risk for
poisonous gases.
WARNING!
Always use chloroprene rubber gloves (gloves for
chemicals handling) and goggles. Handle the
removed seal in the same way as corrosive acid. All
residue, including ash, can be highly corrosive. Never
use compressed air to blow clean.
Put the remains in a plastic container, seal it and
apply a warning label. Wash the gloves under running
water before removing them.
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5
00-9 Miscellaneous
00-9 Miscellaneous
Fan
IMPORTANT!
The engine is equipped with a so-called visco-fan.
When the fan is removed the viscous coupling must
always stand upright.
The coupling contains oil that will run out if it is laid on
its side, and because the oil cannot run back in the fan
will seize.
6
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
03-2 Specifications, Engine
General Tightening Torques
General Tightening Torques
M6 standard bolt 8.8
10 ± 1.5 Nm (7.4 ± 1.1 lbf ft)
M8 standard bolt 8.8
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
M10 standard bolt 8.8
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
M12 standard bolt 8.8
85 ± 15 Nm (62.7 ± 11.1 lbf ft)
M14 standard bolt 8.8
140 ± 25 Nm (103.3 ± 18.4 lbf ft)
M16 standard bolt 8.8
220 ± 35 Nm (162.3 ± 25.8 lbf ft)
NOTICE! Only torqued bolts may be re-installed.
Angle-tightened / stretch-limit bolts:
8.8
Must not be re-installed
10.9
May be re-installed
12.9
May be re-installed
IMPORTANT!
Check bolts which are to be re-installed. Damaged bolts,
e.g. with shear marks under heads must be scrapped.
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Special Tightening Torques
Group 21: Engine
4
1
2
5
3
4
6
1
7
2
3
7
6
6
P0005219
Front engine mountings, engine block
Stage 1: Tighten bolt (1)
85 ± 5 Nm (62.69 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
Step 2: Tighten the bolts 2–4
105 ± 15 Nm (77.44 ± 11.06 lbf ft)
Stage 3: Angle tighten the bolts 2–4 in sequence
60° ± 5°
Stage 4: Tighten bolt (1)
105 ± 15 Nm (77.44 ± 11.06 lbf ft)
Stage 5: Angle tighten bolt 1
60° ± 5°
Stage 6: Tighten bolt 5
standard bolt torque
Tighten the upward-facing engine bolts 6
275 ± 10 Nm (202.83 ± 7.376 lbf ft)
Front and rear L brackets
Tighten the bolts 7
220 ± 35 Nm (162.3 ± 25.8 lbf ft)
Main bearing caps
Stage 1
150 ± 20 Nm (110.6 ± 14.75 lbf ft)
Stage 2 (angle tightening)
Big end bearing cap
Stage 1
120° ± 5°
20 ± 3 Nm (14.75 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
Stage 2
60 ± 3 Nm (44.25 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
Stage 3 (angle tightening)
90° ± 5°
8
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Frame reinforcement
24 22 19 18 15 14 11 10
7
6
3
2
23 21 20 17 16 13 12
8
5
4
1
9
P0005220
NOTICE! Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated.
The screws may not be reused.
Frame reinforcement
stage 1: Tighten the bolts 1–24 in sequence
45 ± 5 Nm (33.2 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 2: Tighten the bolts 1–24 in sequence (angle tightening)
60° ± 5°
Timing gear plate
26
25
16
27
24
22
21
23
20
19
18
17
15
1
5
6
P0005221
P0005222
29
28
2
10
4
3
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
NOTICE! Run an approx. 2 mm (0.0787 in) silicone bead
outside the groove as illustrated above, max 20 min before
installation.
Timing gear plate
Tighten all bolts in sequence to the following torque:
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28 ± 4 Nm (20.65 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
9
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Timing gear wheels
5
8
7
4
2
3
3
1
3
4
6
1
6
4
5
2
3
5
1
2
6
5
2
4
6
1
P0005223
1 Drive gear, crankshaft
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
2 Idler wheel, double gear outer:
Stage 1
25 ± 3 Nm (18.44 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
Stage 2 (angle tightening)
110° ± 5°
NOTICE! Tighten in the order illustrated.
3 Intermediate gear, adjustable:
Stage 1
Stage 2 (angle tightening)
35 ± 4 Nm (25.81 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
120° ± 5°
NOTICE! Tighten in the order illustrated.
4 Drive gear, camshaft (incl. vibration damper):
Stage 1
Stage 2 (angle tightening)
45 ± 5 Nm (33.19 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
90° ± 5°
NOTICE! Tighten in the order illustrated.
5 Intermediate gear
140 ± 10 Nm (103.3 ± 7.38 lbf ft)
6 Drive gear, power steering and fuel feed pump
100 ± 10 Nm (73.76 ± 7.38 lbf ft)
10
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Flywheel and timing cover
10
11
8
9
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
P0005224
P0005225
NOTICE! Run an approx. 2 mm (0.0787 in) silicone bead as
illustrated above, max 20 min before installation.
Flywheel housing
Tighten all bolts in sequence to the following torque:
M14 bolts
140 ± 20 Nm (103.3 ± 14.75lbf ft)
M10 bolts
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
M8 bolts
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
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11
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Timing Gear Cover, Upper
P0005226
4
5
2
P0005290
P0005227
1
3
NOTICE! Run an approx. 2 mm (0.0787 in) silicone bead as
in the illustrations, max 20 min before installation.
Tighten the contact surfaces carefully.
Install the cover in two stages:
stage 1: Fasten the cover with bolts 1 and 2. Use the
special tool to press the cover into position
4 ± 1 Nm (2.95 ± 0.738 lbf ft)
stage 2: Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
12
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Flywheel
6
8
10
4
12
2
14
13
1
11
3
9
7
5
P0005228
Flywheel
stage 1: Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
60 ± 5 Nm (44.25 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 2: (angle tightening)
120° ± 10°
NOTICE! Carefully check that the flange is clean and dry.
Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated.
Cover, crankshaft seal
4
5
6
3
P0005229
2
7
1
8
P0005230
NOTICE! Run an approx. 2 mm (0.0787 in) silicone bead as
illustrated above, max 20 min before installation.
Cover, crankshaft seal:
stage 1: Fasten the cover with bolts 2 and 7 and tighten
until it makes contact
stage 2: Torque bolts 2 and 7
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
stage 3: Tighten the bolts in the sequence 1, 3–6, 8 as
illustrated.
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
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13
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Vibration damper, crankshaft
1
10
3
8
5
6
7
4
P0005231
2
9
Vibration damper:
stage 1: Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
35 ± 5 Nm (25.81 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 2: Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
90 ± 10 Nm (66.38 ± 7.38 lbf ft)
NOTICE! The vibration damper 8.8 bolts may not be re-used.
Cylinder Head
36 35 28 27 22 21 15 16 23 24 31 32
11
6
3
9
1
13
7
14
10
2
5
8
12
4
38 37 30 29 18 17 19 20 25 26 33 34
P0005232
NOTICE! The cylinder head must be installed according to
the “Installation” section in 21-1, Cylinder Head, Change.
Cylinder Head
stage 1: Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
100 ± 5 Nm (73.76 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 2 (angle tightening)
120° ± 5°
stage 3 (angle tightening)
90° ± 5°
14
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Bearing caps, camshaft/rocker arm shaft
1
2
3
4
5
6
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
7
20
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
1
14/8
6
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
20
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
4
1
2
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
5
6
7
20
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
3
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
20
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
P0005233
20
8
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
4
14/8
20
7
2
3
20
20
9
20
14/8
15/9 16/10 17/11 18/12 19/13
5
20
10
Camshaft: (camshaft and bearing caps in place)
stage 1: Tighten bolts 1–7
25 ± 3 Nm (18.44 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
stage 2: (with shorter extra bolts) Tighten bolts 8–13 and
20
60 ± 5 Nm (44.25 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 3: Angle tighten bolts 1–7
90° ± 5°
stage 4: Remove the extra bolts 8–13 and 20
Rocker arm shaft: (rocker arm shaft in place)
stage 5: Tighten bolts 8–13 and 20 in stages in the
sequence 11, 10, 12, 9, 13, 8, 20
60 ± 5 Nm (44.25 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
stage 6: Tighten bolts 14–19
25 ± 3 Nm (18.44 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
stage 7: Angle tighten bolts 14–19
120° ± 5°
stage 8: Undo bolts 8–13
stage 9: Tighten bolts 8–13
25 ± 3 Nm (18.44 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
stage 10: Angle tighten bolts 8–13 and 20
120° ± 5°
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Valves / floating rocker arm / EGR
D
P0005234
Locking nut (A), valve adjuster screw:
(angle tightening)
60° ± 5°(1)
Bolt (B), floating rocker arm:
(angle tightening)
30° + 15° / – 0°(1)
Locking nut (C), EGR rocker arm:
(angle tightening)
45° ± 5°(1)
Locking nut, unit injector (D), valve adjuster screw
52 ± 4 Nm (38.35 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
1) after contact
Spring plate
P0005235
Spring plate
16
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25 ± 3 Nm (18.44 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Valve Cover
13 12
11
10
1
15
16
17
18
19
14
9
8
7
6
2
3
4
5
20
p0005236
Valve Cover
Tighten the bolts in sequence, as illustrated
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24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
17
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Group 22: Lubrication System
Sump
A
3
4
P0005237
B
1
2
Oil sump (material: plastic)
Fasten the oil sump with bolts A and B and torque them
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
Tighten the bolts outwards from the center in the
sequence 1–4 as illustrated above
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
Finish off by checking the torque of bolts A and B
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
Drain plug, oil sump
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60 ± 10 Nm (44.25 ± 7.38 lbf ft)
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Oil Cooler
1
3
4
2
P0005238
NOTICE! Tighten the bolts diagonally and finish off by tightening the first bolts again.
Oil Cooler, attachment bolts
A
2
C
4
D
3
27 ± 4 Nm (19.91 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
B
1
p0005239
Oil cooler cover
Install the cover on the engine block and fasten bolt A in the
oval hole.
Press the cover toward the water pump housing with an
installation tool and install bolt B.
Check that the cover is in position; refer to the service
instruction.
Install bolts C and D and torque them
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
Tighten the cover bolts outwards from the center in the
sequence 1–4 as illustrated above
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
Finish off by checking the torque of bolts C and D
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
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19
03-2 Specifications, Engine
3
1
2
p0005240
Oil filter housing
Thermostat valve or pressure valve, oil cooler, bolt (1)
M6 standard bolt torque
Safety valve, oil pressure, plug (2)
50 ± 5 Nm (36.88 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
Overflow valve, oil filter, plug (3)
55 ± 5 Nm (40.57 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
20
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03-2 Specifications, Engine
Group 23: Fuel System
Unit injector
p0005241
Yoke, unit injector (when replacing copper sleeve)
First tightening:
stage 1
stage 2 (angle tightening)
NOTICE! Loosen the yoke bolt before the second tightening.
Second tightening:
stage 1
stage 2 (angle tightening)
20 + 5 / – 0 Nm (14.75 + 3.69 / – 0 lbf ft)
180° ± 5°
20 + 5 / – 0 Nm (14.75 + 3.69 / – 0 lbf ft)
90° ± 5°
p0005242
Locknut for adjuster screw, unit injector
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52 ± 4 Nm (38.35 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
21
03-2 Specifications, Engine
1
P0012337
Bolts (1) for adapter incl. fuel pump
24 ± 2 Nm (17.7 ± 1.48 lbf ft)
1
P0012338
Bolts (1) for fuel pump (installed on adapter)
22
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8 + 2 / – 0 Nm (5.90 + 1.48 / – 0 lbf ft)
7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Bypass valve / fuel line brackets
F
F
B
D
D
C A
C
D
E
p0005243
D
Fuel line brackets, tightening torques:
A
(B) Brackets
18 ± 3 Nm (13.28 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
[standard tightening torque]
C
30 ± 4 Nm (22.13 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
D
35 ± 5 Nm (25.81 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
E
40 ± 5 Nm (29.50 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
F
48 ± 5 Nm (35.40 ± 3.69 lbf ft)
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23
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Group 25: Inlet and Exhaust System
Inlet Manifold
P0006696
Inlet Manifold
Torque the bolts
24 ± 4 Nm (17.7 ± 2.95 lbf ft)
M10 plug, inlet manifold
20 ± 3 Nm (14.75 ± 2.21 lbf ft)
Exhaust Manifold
1
3
5
7
9
11
2
4
6
8
10
12
P0005246
Exhaust Manifold
Stage 1:
Tighten the bolts 1, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, 12 until they make
contact
(10 ± 1.5 Nm) [7.38 ± 1.11 lbf ft]
Step 2:
Torque bolts 3 and 2
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
Torque bolts 7 and 6
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
Torque bolts 11 and 10
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
Torque bolts 1 and 4
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
Torque bolts 5 and 8
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
Torque bolts 9 and 12
48 ± 8 Nm (35.4 ± 5.9 lbf ft)
24
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Location of Sensors
2
1
3
8
4
7
5
6
9
14
10
13
11
12
P0004318
1 Auxiliary stop
2 Charge pressure sensor / Charge air temperature sensor
M6 standard bolt torque
3 Oil pressure sensor
30 ± 5 Nm
4 Crankcase sensor
30 ± 5 Nm
5 Water separator level sensor
not replaceable, integrated in lines
6 Oil level and oil temperature sensor
standard bolt torque
7 Fuel pressure sensor
30 ± 5 Nm
8 Pressure drop indicator / Air temperature
clamp
9 Coolant level sensor
insertable type
10 Coolant temperature sensor
22 ± 3 Nm
11 Piston cooling oil pressure
30 ± 5 Nm
12 Flywheel position and rotation speed
M6 standard bolt torque
13 Camshaft position sensor
M6 standard bolt torque
Group 26: Cooling System
Refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
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25
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Engine, General
NOTICE! Because the illustrations in the maintenance
literature are used for different engine variants, certain
details may vary compared to the actual model concerned. The essential information is always correct,
however.
No. of cylinders
TAD1341GE, TAD1343GE, TAD1343GE,
TAD1344GE, TAD1345GE, TAD1340VE,
TAD1341VE, TAD1342VE, TAD1343VE,
TAD1344VE, TAD1345VE, TAD1350GE,
TAD1351GE, TAD1352GE, TAD1353GE,
TAD1354GE, TAD1355GE
6
Cylinder diameter, std
131 mm (5.16 in)
Stroke
158 mm (6.22 in)
Cylinder volume
Injection sequence
12.78 liter (779.9 in3)
1–5–3–6–2–4
Compression ratio
18,1:1
Compression
3,7 MPa (537 psi)
Low idle
900 rpm
High idle
1800 rpm
Dry weight, engine
1295 kg (2855 lb)
Dry weight, engine with generator set
1715 kg (3781 lb)
Wet weight, engine
1325 kg (2921 lb)
Wet weight, engine with generator set
1790 kg (3946 lb)
Total length
2204 mm (86.77 in)
Total width
1106 mm (43.54 in)
Total height
1391 mm (54.76 in)
Type designation
26
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Engine
Technical Data
Engine body
Cylinder Head
Max unevenness (bottom surface)
0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
Cylinder Head Bolts
No./cylinder head
38
Thread dimension
M16
Length
200 mm (7.87 in)
Cylinder block
Length
1052 mm (41.41 in)
Height, upper block plane-crankshaft center
422 mm (16.61 in)
Height, lower block plane-crankshaft center
120 mm (4.72 in)
Cylinder Liner
Type
Wet, replaceable
Sealing surface height above block plane
0.15–0.21 mm (0.00591–0.00827 in)
No. of seal rings per cylinder liner
1+3
Piston
Height above cylinder block plane, steel pistons
0.1 (min)–0.7 (max) mm [0.00394–0.0276 in]
No. of ring grooves
3
Front marking
Forward pointing arrow
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27
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Piston rings
XXX
X
XXX
X
X
X
X
X
p0005201
Compression Rings
Quantity
2
Marking
Up (color marking to left of gap)
Piston ring clearance in groove:
upper compression ring
(trapezoid profile)
lower compression ring
Piston ring gap, measured at ring opening:
upper compression ring
lower compression ring
0.09–0.14 mm (0.00354–0.00551 in)
0.40–0.55 mm (0.0157–0.0217 in)
Wear tolerance < 0.65 mm (0.0256 in)
1.30–1.50 mm (0.0512–0.0591 in)
Wear tolerance < 1.65 mm (0.065 in)
Oil Scraper Ring
Quantity
1
Marking
Up (color marking to left of gap)
Piston ring clearance in groove
0.05–0.10 mm (0.00197–0.00394 in)
0.30–0.55 mm (0.0118–0.0217 in)
Wear tolerance < 0.70 mm (0.0276 in)
Piston ring gap, measured at ring opening
28
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Valve mechanism
Valves
p0005201
Valve head, diameter:
Inlet
Exhaust
42 mm (1.654 in)
40 mm (1.575 in)
Valve stem, diameter:
Inlet / exhaust
8 mm (0.315 in)
Valve seat angle (A):
Inlet
24,5° ± 0,2°
Exhaust
Seat angle in cylinder head (B):
Inlet
Exhaust
39,5°
25°
40°
A
p0005203
Specifications
Dimension (A) between valve head and cylinder head
plane:
Inlet
Exhaust
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Min. (A)
Wear value
1.0 mm
(0.0394 in)
1.35 mm
(0.0531 in)
Max 1.7 mm
(0.0669 in)
Max 2.1 mm
(0.0827 in)
29
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Valve clearance, cold engine, setting value:
Inlet
0.2 mm (0.00787 in)
Exhaust
0.8 mm (0.0315 in)
Exhaust, EGR
Counter clockwise adjustment, 1 ¾ turns, (630°)
Rocker arm, EGR
TAD1350GE, TAD1351GE, TAD1352GE,
TAD1353GE, TAD1354GE, TAD1355GE
Rocker arm, EGR, adjustment:
Allow the feeler gauge to remain in place after adjusting the valve clearance and adjust the EGR rocker arm
by loosening the locking nut and adjusting the screw
until no clearance is attained.
Check by rotating the rocker arm roller at the camshaft.
P0004526
Undo the adjuster screw 1 ¾ turns, (630°). Tighten the
lock nut. Remove the feeler gauge from the exhaust
valve.
P0004953
30
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
P0005197
Rocker arm, EGR, check value
3.8 ± 0.1 mm (0.15 ± 0.00394 in)
Valve seats
A
B
p0005205
Outer diameter (A):
Inlet
Exhaust
Height (B):
Inlet
Exhaust
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Standard
45.1 mm
(1.7756 in)
43.1 mm
(1.6968 in)
Oversize dimension
45.3 mm (1.7835 in)
43.3 mm (1.7047 in)
7.55 mm
(0.2972 in)
7.5 mm
(0.2952 in)
31
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Valve seat position
C
R
D
p0005206
Diameter (C):
Standard
Inlet
45.0 mm (1.772 in)
Exhaust
43.0 mm (1.693 in)
Depth (D):
Inlet
Exhaust
Seat bottom radius (R):
Inlet / exhaust
Oversize dimension
45.2 (1.7795 in)
[0/+0.025 mm]
(0/+0.000984 in)
43.2 (1.7008 in)
[0/+0.025 mm]
(0/+0.000984 in)
11.8 ± 0.13 mm (0.4645
± 0.005118 in)
11.2 ± 0.13 mm (0.4409
± 0.005118 in)
max 0.8 mm (0.0315 in)
Valve guides
999 9696
998 9876
p0005207
Length:
Inlet / exhaust
Inner diameter:
Inlet / exhaust
83.5 mm (3.287 in)
8 mm (0.315 in)
Height above cylinder head spring plane:
Inlet / exhaust
24.5 ± 0.2 mm (0.9645 ± 0.00787 in)
Wear value (See figure)
Clearance, valve stem guide:(1)
Inlet
max 0.7 mm (0.0276 in)
Exhaust
max 0.7 mm (0.0276 in)
1) The dimension is calculated for the measurement method in the service literature; Refer toValve Guides, Inspection page 188.
32
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Rocker Arm
1
2
p0005208
Wear values
Bearing play (1)
Roller cam follower, clearance (2)
max 0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
max 0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
Valve springs
Inlet
Length uncompressed
73.8 mm (2.9055 in)
Exhaust
Length uncompressed
73.8 mm (2.9055 in)
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33
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Engine Transmission
Timing gear wheels
1 Drive gear, crankshaft
2 Intermediate gear: outer gearwheel, inner gearwheel
3 Intermediate gear (adjustable)
4 Drive gear, camshaft
5 Intermediate gear
6 Drive gear, power steering pump and fuel feed
pump
7 Drive gear, lubrication oil pump
p0005209
Gear lash, adjustable intermediate gear to camshaft drive
gear
0.05–0.15 mm (0.00197–0.00591 in)
Gear lash, oil pump
0.05–0.40 mm (0.00197–0.0157 in)
Gear lash, other
0.05–0.17 mm (0.00197–0.00669 in)
Radial clearance for intermediate gear
max 0.05 mm (0.00197 in)
34
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Camshaft
Camshaft drive
gearwheel
No. of bearings
7
Diameter, bearing journals, standard
69.97–70.00 mm (2.755–2.756 in)
Diameter, bearing journals, undersize:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
69.72–69.78 mm (2.745–2.747 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
69.47–69.53 mm (2.735–2.737")
0.75 mm (0.0295 in)
69.22–69.28 mm (2.725–2.728 in)
Permissible wear, entire camshaft profile
max 0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
Unit injector, stroke
18 mm (0.709 in)
Wear value
Max end float
0.24 mm (0.00945 in)
Bearing, max permissible radial wear
0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
Camshaft Bearings
Camshaft bearing thickness, standard
1.92 mm (0.0756 in)
Oversize dimension:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
2.04 mm (0.0803 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
2.17 mm (0.0854 in)
0.75 mm (0.0295 in)
2.29 mm (0.0902 in)
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35
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Crank Mechanism
Crankshaft
Wear value
Crankshaft end float(1)
max 0.4 mm (0.01575 in)
Machining value
Ovality of main bearing journals and connecting rod journal
max 0.006 mm (0.0002362 in)
Center main bearing runout
max 0.15 mm (0.00591 in)
1) Dimensions refer to greased components.
Main bearing journals
A
R
P0005849
Diameter (Ø) standard
108.0 mm (4.252 in)
Undersize dimension:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
107.75 mm (4.242 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
107.50 mm (4.232 in)
1.00 mm (0.0394 in)
107.00 mm (4.213 in)
Surface fineness, main bearing journals
Ra 0.25 (9.84·10–6 in)
Surface fineness, radius
Ra 0.4 (1.575·10–5 in)
Width, thrust bearing journal (A) standard
47.0 mm (1.850 in)
Oversize dimension:
0.2 mm (0.00787 in), thrust bearing 0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
47.2 mm (1.858 in)
0.4 mm (0.01575 in), thrust bearing 0.2 mm (0.00787 in)
47.4 mm (1.866 in)
0.6 mm (0.02362 in), thrust bearing 0.3 mm (0.0118 in)
47.6 mm (1.874 in)
Fillet radius (R)
36
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4.0 mm (0.1575 in)
7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Thrust washers (thrust bearing)
A
R
D
C
B
p0005210
Width (B) standard
3.18 mm (0.1252 in)
Oversize dimension:
0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
3.28 mm (0.1291 in)
0.2 mm (0.00787 in)
3.38 mm (0.1331 in)
0.3 mm (0.0118 in)
3.48 mm (0.1370 in)
Main bearing cup
Thickness (D) standard
2.48 mm (0.0976 in)
Oversize dimension:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
2.61 mm (0.1028 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
2.74 mm (0.1079 in)
1.00 mm (0.0394 in)
2.98 mm (0.1173 in)
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37
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Big-end journals
G
E
D
B
C
A
R
p0005211
Diameter (Ø)
99.0 mm (3.898 in)
Undersize dimension:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
98.75 mm (3.8878 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
98.50 mm (3.8779 in)
0.75 mm (0.0295 in)
98.25 mm (3.8681 in)
1.00 mm (0.0394 in)
98.00 mm (3.8583 in)
1.25 mm (0.0492 in)
97.75 mm (3.8484 in)
Surface fineness, big-end journals
Ra 0.25 (9.84·10–6 in)
Surface fineness, radius
Ra 0.4 (1.575·10–5 in)
Width (A)
57.0 mm (2.244 in)
Fillet radius (R)
4.0 mm (0.1575 in)
Connecting rod big end, diameter (D)
103.84 mm (4.0882 in)
Connecting rod, length (E)
267.5 mm (10.5315 in)
Connecting rod small end, diameter (G)
58.0 mm (2.2835 in)
Connecting rod bearing cup
Thickness (C) standard
2.39 mm (0.0941 in)
Oversize dimension:
0.25 mm (0.00984 in)
2.51 mm (0.09882 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in)
2.64 mm (0.10394 in)
1.00 mm (0.0394 in)
2.89 mm (0.1138 in)
38
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Connecting rod
201
201
201
201
Marking:
”FRONT” on the connecting rod faces forward.
The connecting rod and bearing caps are
marked in pairs with a three-digit serial number
(see illustration).
p0005212
Wear value (1)
End float, connecting rod–crankshaft
max 0.35 mm (0.01378 in)
Connecting rod bearing, radial clearance
max 0.1 mm (0.00394 in)
1) Dimensions refer to greased components.
Flywheel, installed
Runout, measured radius 150 mm (5.905 in)
< 0.20 mm (0.0787 in)
Flywheel housing, installed
Runout for contact surface
max 0.2 mm (0.0787 in)
Radial play for steering
max 0.26 mm (0.01024 in)
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39
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Lubrication System
Technical Data
Oil
Oil change volume
36 liter
9.51 US gals
Oil volume between min and max markings
11 liter
2.91 US gals
Oil Pressure
Operating speed (above 1100 rpm)
300–550 kPa
43.5–79.8 psi
Cold engine (above 1100 rpm)
–650 kPa
–94.3 psi
Low idle (min)
min 250 kPa
min 36.3 psi
Piston cooling pressure, hot engine (above 1100 rpm)
200–300 kPa
29–43.5 psi
Oil pressure, rocker arm shaft
Non-activated EGR
80–120 kPa
11.6–17.4 psi
Activated EGR (900–2300 rpm)
min 220 kPa
min 31.9 psi
Oil temperature
Max oil temperature in oil sump
40
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130 °C
266 °F
7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Oil Filter
Number
Full flow filter
2
Bypass filter
1
Oil valves
3
1 Thermostat valve, oil
cooler
Opening temperature
1
105–107 °C
(221–224.6 °F)
2 Safety valve, block
Marking
Yellow
3 Bypass valve, full flow
filter
Spring, free length
69 mm (2.717 in)
Compressed 13–15 N
(2.9–3.4 lbf)
40 mm (1.575 in)
2
p0005213
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41
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Fuel System
Technical Data
NOTICE! For the below-mentioned values, fuel is
required to fulfill the requirements specified in 03-0,
Fuel and Oils.
Feed pump
Feed pressure at:
600 rpm
100 kPa
14.5 PSI
1200 rpm
300 kPa
43.5 PSI
full load
300 kPa
43.5 PSI
Bypass valve
Opening pressure
300–550 kPa
43.5–79.8 PSI
Unit injector
Pre-load
Tighten the adjuster screw to zero-clearance against
the camshaft. Then turn 4 flats; see illustration.
p0005214
42
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7748841 06-2010
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Inlet and Exhaust System
Technical Data
Pressure drop indicator
The pressure drop indicator control lamp lights up at a pressure drop relative to ambient air pressure of:
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50 ± 5 kPa
7.25 ± 0.7 PSI
43
03-2 Specifications, Engine
Cooling System
Technical Data
Pressure cap
p0005215
Pressure cap opens at
75 kPa (10.88 PSI)
Thermostat
Quantity
1
Opening temperature:
< 82 °C (179.6 °F)
Coolant
Type
Volvo Penta Coolant
Color
Green
Contains
Ethylene glycol and anti-corrosion additives
Mix with
Water (According to ASTM D4985)
Mixing proportions (conc. coolant/water)
40/60
NOTICE! Do not use Volvo Coolant VCS (yellow in
color) in Volvo Penta engines.
NOTICE! Do not mix different kinds of coolant.
Refill quantity
Coolant quantity (engine, radiator and hoses):
TAD1340–53 GE/VE
44
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44 liter (46.49 quart)
7748841 06-2010
03-3 Specifications, Electrical
03-3 Specifications, Electrical
Steering System
Sensor
Engine oil temperature sensor
A
Temperature
Impedance
Rmin
Impedance
Rnom
Impedance
Rmax
73796
(°C) (°F)
(Ω)
(Ω)
(Ω)
52394
–50 –58
–40 –40
89496,5
45163,6
105290,0
52394,0
121083,5
59624,4
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
23871,0
13181,5
7555,7
4477,9
2747,3
1736,6
1127,3
750,0
510,4
354,5
251,6
181,4
133,1
99,2
75,0
57,6
44,7
34,8
27,4
27375,0
14945,0
8480,0
4981,0
3029,0
1900,0
1224,0
809,1
547,0
377,9
266,5
191,2
139,7
103,6
78,0
59,6
46,1
36,0
28,5
30879,0
16708,5
9404,3
5484,1
3310,7
2063,4
1320,7
868,2
583,6
401,3
281,4
201,0
146,3
108,0
81,0
61,6
47,5
37,2
29,6
R Min
14945
4981
1900
-40 -20
R Nom
R Max
0
20
40
p0005216
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60
80 100
C
–22
–4
14
32
50
68
86
104
122
140
158
176
194
212
230
248
266
284
302
45
03-3 Specifications, Electrical
Coolant temperature sensor
Temperature
Ω
45313
26114
15462
R Min
R Nom
R Max
5896
2500
-40 -20
0
20
40
60
80 100
p0005217
C
Impedance
Rmin
Impedance
Rnom
Impedance
Rmax
(°C) (°F)
(Ω)
(Ω)
(Ω)
–40 –40
40490
45313
50136
–30 –22
23580
26114
28647
–20
–10
0
10
20
25
–4
14
32
50
68
77
14096
8642
5466
3542
2351
1941
15462
9377
5896
3792
2500
2057
16827
10152
6326
4043
2649
2173
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
86
104
122
140
158
176
194
212
230
248
266
284
1615
1118
798
573
421
313
237
182
140
109
86
68
1707
1175
834
596
435
323
243
186
144
113
89
71
1798
1231
870
618
451
332
250
191
148
116
93
74
Charge air temperature sensor
Ω
p0005218
46
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Temperature
Impedance
Rmin
Impedance
Rnom
Impedance
Rmax
(°C) (°F)
(Ω)
(Ω)
(Ω)
–40 –40
–30 –22
45301,0
25350,0
48153,0
26854,0
51006,0
28359,0
–20
–4
–10
14
0
32
10
50
20
68
30
86
40 104
14785,0
8951,0
5605,0
3618,7
2401,9
1644,7
1152,4
15614,0
9426,0
5887,0
3791,1
2510,6
1715,4
1199,6
16443,0
9901,0
6168,0
3963,5
2619,3
1786,2
1246,7
50 122
60 140
70 158
819,1
590,3
431,0
851,1
612,3
446,3
883,0
634,2
461,6
80 176
90 194
100 212
318,68
238,43
180,42
329,48
246,15
186,0
340,27
253,86
191,58
110 230
137,63
142,08
146,52
120 248
130 266
106,09
82,58
109,65
85,45
113,21
88,32
7748841 06-2010
03-3 Specifications, Electrical
Pressure drop indicator
Active
V = 0.48 × Ubat ± 10 %
Inactive
V = 0.12 × Ubat ± 10 %
Camshaft sensor
Distance to gearwheel
1.1 ± 0.4 mm (0.0433 ± 0.01575 in)
Crankcase sensor
Sensor alarm limit
5 kPa (0.725 PSI)
Crankcase pressure, normal value
< 1.0 kPa (0.145 PSI)
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47
05-1 Safety Instructions
05-1 Safety Instructions
Safety Information
This Service Manual contains repair instructions,
descriptions and technical data for products or product
designs from Volvo Penta. Ensure that you are using
the correct service manual.
Read the safety information below and the service manual section About this Workshop manual and Repair
instructions carefully before repair and service work is begun.
!
This symbol is used in the service manual and on the product, to call attention to the
fact that this is safety information. Always read such information very carefully.
Safety texts in the manual have the following order of priority:
DANGER!
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.
WARNING!
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
personal injury.
CAUTION!
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate
personal injury.
IMPORTANT!
Is used to draw your attention to something that may cause minor damage or a minor
malfunction to the product or property.
NOTICE! Is used to draw your attention to important information that will facilitate the
work or operation in progress.
This symbol is used on our products in certain cases and refers to important information
in the instruction book. Make sure that warning and information symbols on the engine
are clearly visible and legible. Replace symbols which have been damaged or painted
over.
A compilation of safety precautions that must be taken and risks which must be paid attention to is
presented in the following pages.
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05-1 Safety Instructions
!
Immobilize the engine by turning off the power
supply to the engine at the main switch
(switches) and lock it (them) in the off position
before starting work. Post a warning notice at
the main circuit breaker.
!
Avoid opening the coolant filling cap when the
engine is hot. Steam or hot coolant can spray
out and system pressure will be lost. Open the
filler cap slowly, and release the pressure in the
cooling system if the filler cap or valve has to be
opened, or if a plug or coolant hose has to be
removed when the engine is hot.
!
As a rule, all service operations must be carried
out with the engine stopped. However, some
work, such as adjustments, will require the
engine to be running. Approaching an engine
which is running is a safety risk. Bear in mind
that loose clothing or long hair can fasten in
rotating parts and cause serious personal
injury.
!
Hot oil can cause burns. Avoid skin contact with
hot oil. Ensure that the lubrication system is not
under pressure before any work is begun.
Never start or operate the engine with the oil
filler cap removed, because of the risk of oil
ejection.
!
Be aware of hot surfaces (exhaust pipes, turbos, charge air pipes, starting heaters etc.) and
hot fluids in pipes and hoses on an engine that
is running or has just stopped.
If work is done adjacent to a running engine, a
careless movement or a dropped tool may in the
worst case lead to personal injury.
!
Never start the engine without installing the air
filter. The rotating compressor turbine in the turbocharger can cause severe injury. Foreign
objects entering the intake ducts can also cause
mechanical damage. Install all protective covers before the engine is started.
!
Ensure that the warning symbols or information
decals on the product are always clearly visible.
Replace decals which have been damaged or
painted over.
!
Only start the engine in a well-ventilated space.
When running in a confined space, exhaust
fumes and crankcase gases must be led away
from the engine bay or workshop area.
!
Avoid getting oil on your skin! Protracted or
repeated exposure to oil can cause skin to
become dry. Irritation, dryness, eczema and
other skin problems may then result. From a
health standpoint, used oil is more dangerous
than new. Use protective gloves and avoid oilsoaked clothes and rags. Wash regularly, especially before eating. Use suitable barrier creams
to counteract drying out of the skin and to aid
dirt removal.
!
The majority of chemicals e.g. engine and transmission oils, glycol, gasoline, and diesel oil,
together with chemicals for workshop use such
as degreasing agents, paints and solvents, are
injurious to health. Carefully read the instructions on the product packaging! Always follow a
product's safety directions, e.g. use of protective mask, glasses, gloves etc. Ensure that
other personnel are not exposed to substances
that are injurious to health. Ensure good ventilation. Handle used and leftover chemicals in
the prescribed manner.
!
Stop the engine and turn off the electrical supply
at the main switch(es) before carrying out work
on the electrical system.
!
Clutch adjustments must be carried out with the
engine stopped.
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49
05-1 Safety Instructions
!
Always use protective glasses or goggles when
carrying out work where a risk of splinters,
grinding sparks, splashes from acid or other
chemicals is present. Your eyes are extremely
sensitive; injury may cause blindness!
!
Never start the engine with the valve cover
removed. There is a risk of personal injury.
!
Never use start gas or similar products as a
starting aid. They may cause an explosion in the
inlet manifold. Danger of personal injury.
!
Stop the engine before working on the cooling
system.
Marine engines: Close the sea cock / cooling
water inlet valve before work on the cooling system is begun.
!
All fuels, as well as many chemicals, are flammable. Do not allow open flames or sparks in
their vicinity. Gasoline, some thinners, and
hydrogen gas from batteries are extremely
flammable and explosive when mixed with air in
the correct proportions. No Smoking! Ensure
that the work area is well ventilated and take the
necessary safety precautions before welding or
grinding work is begun. Always ensure that
there are fire extinguishers close at hand in the
work area.
!
Make sure that oil, fuel-soaked rags, and used
fuel and oil filters are stored in a safe manner.
Rags soaked in oil can spontaneously ignite
under certain circumstances. Used fuel and oil
filters are environmentally hazardous waste
and must be handed to an approved waste
management facility for destruction, as must
any used lubrication oil, contaminated fuel,
paint residue, solvents, degreasers and wash
residue.
!
Batteries must never be exposed to open
flames or electric sparks. Never smoke in the
vicinity of the batteries; they generate hydrogen
gas when charged, which is explosive when
mixed with air. This gas is easily ignited and
highly explosive. A spark, which can be caused
by incorrect battery connection, is sufficient to
cause a battery to explode and cause damage.
!
Never work alone when removing heavy components, even when using lifting devices such
as locking tackle lifts. When using a lifting
device, two people are usually required to do
the work - one to take care of the lifting device
and the other to ensure that components are
lifted clear and not damaged during the lifting
operations.
!
The existing lugs on the engine should be used
for lifting. Always check that the lifting equipment used is in good condition and has the load
capacity to lift the engine (engine weight including gearbox or extra equipment). For safe handling and to avoid damaging components fitted
to the top of the engine, the engine must be
lifted with a correctly adjusted lifting boom. All
chains or wires must run parallel to each other
and as perpendicular to the engine as possible.
If other equipment attached to the engine has
altered its center of gravity, special lifting devices may be needed to obtain the correct balance for safe handling. Never perform any work
on an engine that is only suspended from the
lifting equipment.
Do not touch the connections during start
attempts. Sparking hazard! Do not lean over
batteries.
!
Never transpose the positive (+) and negative
(-) battery posts when installing batteries. Such
a transposition can result in serious damage to
electrical equipment. Refer to the wiring diagram.
Always use protective goggles when charging
and handling the batteries. Battery electrolyte
contains sulfuric acid which is highly corrosive.
Should the battery electrolyte come into contact
with unprotected skin, wash it off immediately
using soap and copious amounts of water. If you
get battery acid in your eyes, flush at once with
copious amounts of water and seek medical
assistance immediately.
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05-1 Safety Instructions
!
The components in the electrical and fuel systems on Volvo Penta products are designed and
manufactured to minimize the risk of fire and
explosion. The engine must not be run in areas
where there are explosive materials.
!
Exercise extreme caution when leak-detecting
on the fuel system and testing the fuel injector
nozzles. Use eye protection. The jet from a fuel
nozzle has very high pressure and great penetration power. Fuel can force its way deep into
body tissue and cause severe injury. There is a
risk of blood poisoning (septicemia).
!
Only use fuels and lubricating oils recommended by Volvo Penta. Refer to the Operator's
Manual for the product in question. Use of fuels
that are of a lower grade may damage the
engine, the injection pump and the injectors. On
a diesel engine, low grade fuel can cause the
control rod to bind and the engine to over-rev,
with the risk of engine damage and personal
injury as a result. Low fuel and oil grades may
result in high service, maintenance and repair
costs.
!
Never use a high-pressure washer for cleaning
the engine.
Pay attention to the following when using a highpressure washer on components other than the
actual engine: Never direct the water jet at
seals, rubber hoses or electrical components.
!
Fuel delivery pipes must not be bent or straightened under any circumstances. Cracks may
occur. Damaged pipes must be replaced.
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51
08-2 Special Service Tools
08-2 Special Service Tools
P0002947
P0004337
The following special tools are used when working on
the engine. The tools can be ordered from AB Volvo
Penta by specifying the number indicated.
9996398 Manometer
Adjusting e.g. lubricating oil
pressure.
1678297 Spacer
For use with 9996398 Manometer.
P0001857
9991801 Standard handle
Flywheel bearing
P0006822
P0006765
P0006269
9988539 Compression meter
9990006 Puller
9990013 Slide hammer
P0006793
9990124 Nipple
Banjo fitting, for use with
9996398 Manometer.
P0006779
9990192 Puller
Crankshaft seal.
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P0006785
9990166 Mounting tool
Crankshaft seal.
9990185 Lifting tool
Lifting rocker arm bridge.
P0004328
P0004314
P0006784
9992000 Handle
Replacement of e.g. crankshaft
seal.
9993590 Rotation tool
As a counterhold, or for rotating, gearwheels.
7748841 06-2010
P0006763
P0004333
9986179 Puller
Flywheel bearing
9996666 Nipple
For use with, among other
things, 9996398 Manometer.
p0004329
9996394 Support
Support leg for 9996645 Puller.
P0004331
9996049 Draining hose
Cooling system, draining.
p0004330
9996400 Slide hammer
9996395 Support
Support leg for 9996645 Puller.
P0004332
9996645 Puller
For use with cylinder liners.
P0004348
P0004347
08-2 Special Service Tools
p0006803
9998007 Adapter
For use with 9996400 Slide
hammer.
9998248 Adapter
Compression test (6 pcs.
required).
9998251 Protection plug
Replacement for removed injectors.
9998339 Manometer
Checking charge air pressure.
P0006805
P0004349
9998249 Protective sleeve
Protects removed injectors.
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53
08-2 Special Service Tools
P0006814
P0001878
9998599 Cleaning kit
9999179 Extractor oil filter
Removal of filters.
P0006761
9986173 Puller
Flywheel bearing
The tool kit includes:
-
9808570 Brush
-
9808616 Extender
-
9998580 Protective
sleeve.
P0006816
9998487 Sleeve
Removal of filters.
P0006767
P0002793
88800021 Drift
Removal of crankshaft seal.
88800083 Piston ring pliers
Installation of piston rings.
P0006806
P0006810
9998250 Sealing ring
Cylinder head fuel ducts (the kit
contains 12 pcs.).
P0006811
9998252 Thread cutting tool
Removal of copper sleeve.
88800191 Extractor
Removal of copper sleeve.
P0008420
P0008418
9809668 Extractor
Removal of copper sleeve.
9809667 Thread tap
Removal of copper sleeve.
P0010363
88800196 Drift
Installation of copper sleeve.
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08-2 Special Service Tools
P0001872
p0006800
88800151 Drift
3849613 Pressure testing kit
Valve stem seals.
Pressure testing cooling system.
9996441 Cover, with connecting nipple
Pressure testing cooling system.
P0010357
P0010358
88800117 Plate
For use with 88800003 Fixture.
9998674 Adapter
Removal of camshaft cap.
P0004276
P0006804
9996662 Pressure testing kit
Pressure testing cooling system.
P0010359
P0010361
9996966 Press tool
Holds cylinder liner in place.
3883671 Protective sleeve
O-ring for injector.
P0010362
P0010364
9992955 Plate
Removal of cylinder liner.
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88800031 Measuring tool
Shimming sensors.
P0010360
3883672 Protective sleeve
O-ring for injector.
P0010365
9998598 Sleeve
Removal of safety valve cover.
55
08-2 Special Service Tools
p0006797
p0006802
P0007585
88800003 Fixture
For use with 88800117 Plate.
885519 Guide pin
Aligning inlet manifold.
9996239 Lifting tool
2 pcs. required.
P0006764
P00068115
885810 Fixture
Installation of upper timing
cover.
9998601 Fixture
Installation of upper timing
cover.
P0006813
9998264 Lifting tool
Lifting the camshaft.
P0006782
P0006792
9998531 Piston ring compressor
Fitting rings to pistons.
P0006786
9990176 Press tool
Valves and valve guides.
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9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic
pump
Valves and valve guides.
P0006788
9996159 Adapter
For 9809729 Hydraulic cylinder.
9809729 Hydraulic cylinder
Valves and valve guides.
P0006789
88800064 Drift
Valve guides.
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08-2 Special Service Tools
P0006790
P0006794
p0006796
88800127 Drift
Valve guides.
P0006776
88800147 Drift
Valve guides.
9992670 Hand pump
Alternative to 9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump .
P0006795
p0006801
9990160 Fixture
Cylinder head.
9990174 Drift
Valve springs.
P0006780
P0006778
9990210 Valve spring compressor
9990165 Guide sleeve
Valve stem seals.
9998246 Drift
Valve springs.
P0006791
9992479 Holder for dial indicator
For use with 9989876 Dial indicator.
P0006787
P0007596
9998267 Guide sleeve
Timing gear plate.
9992269 Drift
Replacement of flywheel bearings.
9990263 Nipple
Measuring oil pressure.
P0004580
9998493 Hose
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57
08-2 Special Service Tools
Other Equipment
The following miscellaneous equipment is used when
working on the engine. The equipment can be ordered
from AB Volvo Penta by specifying the number indicated.
Orig
in
al
P0004344
885510 Plugs
For use with e.g. fuel pressure
lines.
885633 Torque multiplier
For use with e.g. the crankshaft.
P0002784
885648 Counterhold
For use with 885633 Torque
multiplier.
885812 Timing tool
1159794 Torque wrench
P0004343
P0002930
P0004342
P0002936
885822 Magnetic pen
P0001859
P0001879
P0001875
9999696 Magnetic stand
For use with 9989876 Dial indicator.
9989876 Dial indicator
20
0
20
0
10
9998511 Lever
P0001881
P0006823
9999683 Dial indicator (short
probe)
Checking gear lash.
885811 Timing tool
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20-0 Engine Information, General
20-0 Engine Information, General
Design and Function
Identification Numbers
1
2
3
P0002050
1
A Chassis number
B Serial number
P0002051
2
A Engine designation
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
P0002052
B Engine power, net, (without fan)
C Max. engine speed
D Main software
E Dataset 1
F Data set 2
G Product number
3
A Engine designation
B Specification number
P0002053
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C Serial number
59
20-0 Engine Information, General
Group 21: Engine
General
The engine is an inline six cylinder direct injection turbocharged diesel with charge air cooling and EMS
(Engine Management System). The timing is at the
rear. The engine is equipped with a one-piece cylinder
head, overhead camshaft and unit injectors. In order
to fulfill Euro 4 emission standards the engine is equipped with an EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system
(TAD1350–55GE). The turbocharger has waste gate
control for engine charge pressure.
P0006477
The engine has optional open or closed crankcase
ventilation. The risk of oil droplets is eliminated with
closed crankcase ventilation, which is a legal requirement in most markets.
P0005998
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Cylinder Head
B
A
E
C
D
A
B
P0006000
The cylinder head is made from a single piece of cast
iron, which provides for stable overhead camshaft
bearings.
The fuel channel to the unit injectors is drilled lengthwise through the cylinder head and has a machined,
ring-shaped space around each unit injector (C).
The camshaft is supported by seven horizontally-split
bearing brackets equipped with replaceable bearing
cups. In the rear bearing bracket, the bearing cup is
also designed as a thrust bearing.
There is a plug at the front (D) that leads to a channel
for measuring rocker arm mechanism oil pressure.
The coolant thermostat housing is machined directly
in the cylinder head and located at the front right side
(A).
The duct (E) leads lubricating oil to the camshaft and
rocker arms. It is drilled centrally through the left side
of the cylinder head.
Each cylinder has separate inlet ducts to one side of
the cylinder and separate exhaust ducts on the other
side, so-called crossflow (B).
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61
20-0 Engine Information, General
P0006001
There are two guide pins on the right side of the cylinder head that ensure the valve cover is fitted in the
correct position.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
D
D
P0006002
The injectors are centrally located between the four
valves and are held in place by yokes (A). For maximum cooling the coolant chamber in the cylinder head
is equipped with a horizontal baffle that forces coolant
past the lower, hottest parts of the cylinder head.
The valve mechanism is equipped with twin inlet and
exhaust valves. The exhaust valves have single valve
springs (B), as do the inlet valves (C). The valves are
linked in pairs by so-called floating valve yokes that
transfer rocker arm movement from
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the camshaft to the valve pair. The valves have three
grooves and matching collets (D). The design of the
collets allows the valves to rotate on their seats. For
improved heat resistance and heat conduction, more
material is used in the exhaust valve discs and the
diameter is somewhat smaller than that of the inlet
valves.
The valve guides are made of alloyed cast iron and all
valve guides have double-lipped oil seals. The valve
seats are made from hardened special steel; they are
replaceable but cannot be machined.
63
20-0 Engine Information, General
P0006003
There is a copper sleeve between the lower injector
section and the cylinder head. The copper sleeve is
of a new, harder type; it has a flat bottom toward the
unit injector and is marked with two grooves on its
upper side.
The copper sleeve is enlarged in the lower section
and sealed with a O-ring at the upper section.
NOTICE! The copper sleeve must absolutely not be
mistaken for copper sleeves for other variants.
P0006004
The unit injectors are sealed against the cylinder head
with two O-rings located in the injector's ring-shaped
notch. The injector's lower part is sealed against the
copper sleeve by a steel gasket.
The steel gasket has three projections that keep it in
place on the injector. The steel gasket has a sealant
coating that requires the gasket to be replaced each
time a unit injector has been removed.
NOTICE! Take extreme care with cleanliness when
working with unit injectors.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Cylinder block
P0006005
The cylinder block is made of cast iron and is cast in
one piece.
There are two, drilled, longitudinal ducts for the lubrication system. On the left side of the block there is the
main lubrication duct (gallery), and on the right side
there is a piston cooling duct. Both ducts are plugged
at the front of the engine with plugs equipped with Orings. At the rear of the engine, the ducts are covered
by the timing plate, and the main lubrication gallery
discharges into the cast duct that supplies the engine
timing with oil.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
P0006006
The bowed shape of the block sides at each cylinder
provides the cylinder block with high torsional stiffness and sound dampening.
The vertical cross section shows the position of the
cylinder liner and cooling jacket in the block.
In order to render impossible the faulty positioning of
main bearing caps, they are guided into position by
cast, asymmetrically-located tabs (1) into corresponding chamfers (2) in the cylinder block. The main bearing caps are made from nodular iron and are individually adapted. In order for them not to be confused at
installation, they are marked 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 respectively, counting from the front of the engine. The center and rear main bearing caps are uniquely shaped
and do not require marking.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Engine stiffening frame and oil sump
P0006007
In order to reduce vibrations in the cylinder block, and
thus reduce engine noise, there is a stiffening frame
(1) installed on the underside of the block. The stiffening frame is made from 6 mm sheet steel and is
bolted in place to the lower block plane (A).
The oil sump (2) is made from injection-molded plastic
(composite).
The plastic sump seal is made of a rubber strip, manufactured in one piece and located in a groove around
the rim. The oil sump is bolted in place with 22 pcs.
spring-loaded steel bolts (B). The plastic sump drain
plug (C) is threaded into a replaceable, steel reinforcement.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Sealing joints
The engine has wet cylinder liners for effective heat
removal. They are sealed against the cylinder block
by rubber rings. The uppermost ring is located immediately below the liner collar (A). The liner sealing surface against the cylinder head gasket is convex.
The lower seal comprises three O-rings located in
grooves in the cylinder block (B). These rings are
made from different rubber materials and have different colors to prevent confusion. The two upper (black)
rings are made from EPDM rubber and are therefore
resistant to coolant, while the lower (purple) is fluororubber and resistant to oil.
The gasket (C) between the cylinder head, block and
liner is made from steel and has integral vulcanized
rubber seals for the coolant and oil channels. In order
to protect the rubber seals during cylinder head installation, the gasket has a number of convex indentations for the cylinder head to glide on. These indentations are flattened when the cylinder head is bolted
in place.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Cylinder head, guides to cylinder
block
P0006009
In order to facilitate installation and exact positioning
of the cylinder head on the cylinder block, there are
three guide washers on the left side of the engine –
two on the cylinder block (1) and one on the cylinder
head (2). These washers determine the transverse
position of the cylinder head, while the timing plate
(3) determines the longitudinal position. In this way it
is possible to precisely fit the cylinder head transversely and longitudinally.
The convex indentations in the cylinder head gasket
allow the cylinder head to be slid on the gasket without
damaging the rubber seals.
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69
20-0 Engine Information, General
Piston, cylinder lining, connecting
rod
P0006010
The engine has solid, forged steel, oil-cooled pistons.
Each piston (A) has two compression rings and one
oil scraper ring. The upper compression ring (1) has
a trapezoid “Keystone” section. The lower compression ring (2) has a rectangular section. The oil scraper
ring (3) at the bottom is spring loaded.
All piston rings are installed with the marking facing
up; thus marking up also applies when installing the
oil scraper ring.
The connecting rod is (C) forged and split at the lower
end (big end) using a method known as fracture splitting. The upper end (small end) has a pressed-in bush
(6) for the piston pin lubricated via a drilled channel
(7). The two parts of the big end are fastened together
by four bolts, and each connecting rod has a marking
from 007 to 999 on the two parts (8). The connecting
rod is marked ”FRONT” in order for it to be installed
correctly.
The cylinder liner (B) is replaceable. They are cast
centrifugally in iron alloy. The inside of the liner has a
crosshatch machining pattern, honing (4). The final
cylinder liner fine surface machining is performed
using a method called plateau honing (5), where the
sharpest apexes from the basic machining are ground
away.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Camshaft and valve mechanism
T
D
C
5
P0006011
The engine has an overhead camshaft and a fourvalve system. The camshaft is induction hardened
and supported by seven bearing brackets, where the
rear bearing also acts as a thrust bearing. Both the
bearing cups and bearing brackets are replaceable.
There are cams between each shaft journal: an inlet
cam, injection cam, exhaust cam and EGR
(TAD1350–53GE). The camshaft is driven by a gearwheel (1) from the engine timing. A hydraulic vibration
damper (2) is installed on the outside of the gearwheel.
Figure (A) shows a section through the valve mechanism for one pair of exhaust valves.
Each rocker arm acts on a so-called floating valve
yoke (3) that opens the valves. The rocker arm (4) is
supported by a bushing (6) on the rocker shaft (5).
Contact with the camshaft takes place via a roller (7)
and against the valve yoke by a ball seat (8).
The camshaft marking for static timing (TDC – Top
Dead Center) and for valve and injector adjustments
is located on the camshaft front end (9) in front of the
front bearing bracket (10).
There are also teeth on the vibration damper for the
camshaft sensor.
NOTICE! The vibration damper must absolutely not
be confused with vibration dampers for other variants.
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71
20-0 Engine Information, General
Internal EGR
TAD1350GE, TAD1351GE, TAD1352GE,
TAD1353GE, TAD1354GE, TAD1355GE
General
P0006027
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Camshaft
Exhaust rocker arm
Pump piston
Power piston
Check valve
Piston
Spring
Rocker arm, EGR
Exhaust lobe
The camshaft (1) on EGR engines has four cams per
cylinder; an inlet cam, injector cam, exhaust cam and
EGR cam.
Inside the exhaust cam (4) there are two pistons, a
pump piston(5) and a power piston (6), a check valve
(7), a piston (8) and a spring (9).
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The power piston is located immediately above the
exhaust valve yoke and it is this piston that presses
the yoke down and opens the exhaust valve. The
pump piston is located immediately under the EGR
rocker arm (10) and it is the pump piston the EGR
rocker arm is able to press down.
The exhaust rocker arm (4) is designed so that the
EGR rocker arm (10) lies above the exhaust rocker
arm and when lubrication oil pressure is sufficiently
high the clearance between the two rocker arms is
reduced and the brake rocker arm is able to press the
pump piston down. The two pistons are connected via
an oil channel and when the pump piston is depressed
the oil under the piston is forced along to the power
piston. At the same time, the check valve closes and
the high pressure causes the power piston to press
down and open the exhaust valves.
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Normal engine operation
P0006028
1/: The control valve reduces oil pressure; the pressure is around 1 bar in the rocker arm shaft. The check
valve (7) is held open by the piston (8) being moved
forward by the spring (9). The oil channels are filled
with oil but the low pressure is not sufficient to raise
the pump piston (5) to its upper position.
The EGR rocker arm (10) has no contact with the
exhaust rocker arm (4). In this situation the exhaust
valves are not affected by the EGR cam lobe.
EGR activation
P0006029
2/: The control valve raises the oil pressure to system
pressure; the pressure is above 2 bars in the rocker
arm shaft. The piston (8) is moved backwards but the
check valve (7) is held open by the oil flow. The high
pressure is sufficient to lift the pump piston to its upper
position.
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When the pump piston (5) is forced to the upper position, the clearance between the EGR rocker arm (10)
and the exhaust rocker arm (4) is reduced.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
P0006030
3/: The oil pressure lifts the pump piston (5) to the
upper position and occupies the space beneath the
piston. When oil has completely filled the system and
oil flow ceases, the check valve (7) closes. When the
EGR rocker arm (10) then rolls over the lobe,
the pump piston is forced down and the oil beneath
the piston is forced on to the power piston (6). The
piston is pushed down and the exhaust valves open.
The check valve (7) is held closed by the high oil
pressure during the time the exhaust valves are open.
P0006031
4/: After the exhaust valves have closed and the EGR
rocker arm no longer depresses the pump piston, the
oil that forced the power piston (6) down flows back
to the pump piston (5).
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The system is replenished by the check valve (7)
opening and allowing a quantity of oil to pass corresponding to the quantity leaked off during the previous
cycle.
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Deactivation (return to normal engine
operation)
P0006032
5/: Deactivation takes place when the oil pressure in
the rocker arm shaft drops to around 1 bar. The piston
(8) opens the check valve (7) so that oil can flow back
to the rocker arm shaft.
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The pump piston spring then forces the pump piston
(5) back to its lower position and the EGR rocker arm
(10) can no longer contact the pump piston.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Crankshaft, vibration damper,
flywheel
4
5
2
3
7
C
B
A
2
6
8
1
1
1
2
P0006013
The crankshaft is drop forged and has induction hardened bearing journals and inserts. The crankshaft is
supported by seven main bearings with replaceable
bearing shells (1). There is also a thrust bearing in the
intermediate main bearing (B) comprising four halfmoon-shaped washers (2).
Front end (A) sealing is by means of a Teflon seal
(3) against the front crankshaft flange. There is also a
Teflon seal (4) at the rear (C) that seals against a
machined surface on the crankshaft gearwheel (5).
The gearwheel is fastened to the crankshaft with a
locating pin (6) and two bolts (7). There is a groove in
the rear crankshaft flange for an O-ring (8) that seals
between the flange and the flywheel.
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p0006014
The crankshaft is lubricated via separate channels in
the cylinder block feeding each main bearing (1). The
main shaft journals have drilled lubrication channels
(2), and a drilled channel (3) leads to the nearest
crankshaft journal from each main bearing journal
except the center one.
The vibration damper is of hydraulic type and bolted
directly onto the front crankshaft flange. The damper
is also used as as a multi-grooved belt pulley to drive
the alternator. In the damper housing (4) there is an
oscillating mass in the form of a cast iron ring (5) that
is able to rotate freely on the bushings (6). The space
between the damper housing and the oscillating mass
is filled with silicone oil of high viscosity.
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When the crankshaft rotates, torsional stresses arise
in the crankshaft from piston impulses. The viscous
silicone oil evens out the movement between the pulsating crankshaft rotation and the smooth rotation of
the oscillating mass, thus reducing the stresses.
The flywheel (7) and the intermediately located gearwheel (8) are fastened to the rear crankshaft flange
with 14 M16 bolts (9). The flywheel is positioned on
the crankshaft with the same locating pin (10) as the
gearwheel. There are grooves milled into the circumference (12) for the engine control system inductive
sensor. The starter ring (11) is sweated onto the flywheel and is replaceable.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Engine Transmission
P0006015
Engine timing is located at the rear of the engine on a
6 mm sheet steel plate (1) according to the same principal for the D9A and D16C engines.
The timing plate is held in place by a number of bolts
and is sealed against the cylinder block and cylinder
head with silicone. The timing plate has a machined
groove toward the block, and a silicone bead is laid
around the plate outside the groove.
There is a drilled hole in the timing plate which,
together with the marking on the camshaft gear (A),
is used for installing the camshaft correctly.
The crankshaft gear and the double intermediate gear
are marked (B) for correct installation.
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1 Timing gear plate
2 Crankshaft gear
3 Intermediate gear, bull gear
4 Intermediate gear, adjustable
5 Camshaft gear
6 Drive gear, power steering and fuel feed pump
7 Intermediate gear, power steering and fuel feed
pump
8 Drive gear, lubrication oil pump
9 Vibration damper with “teeth” for camshaft
inductive sensor
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Engine timing intermediate gear
P0006016
A: The small intermediate gear that drives the power
steering and the fuel feed pump is supported by a
twin-race ball bearing (1) and is held in place by a bolt
(2). The bolt passes through the bearing and holds it
against the timing plate and is fastened in the cylinder
block.
B: The lower intermediate gear comprises two gearwheels assembled together. The gearwheels are preinstalled on a hub (4) and supported by two conical
roller bearings (5). The locating sleeve (6) guides the
intermediate gear in the timing plate.
C: The adjustable intermediate gear is supported by
a bushing (7) on the hub (8). The bushing and the
thrust washer (9) are pressure lubricated via a duct
(10) that runs between the cylinder block and the timing plate. A locating pin (11) in the lower part of the
hub keeps gear lash constant between the two gear
lash measurement. Therefore only the gear lash
against the camshaft gear need be set when adjusting.
This intermediate gear with two gear wheels, bearing
and hub is a complete unit that cannot be disassembled but must be replaced as a complete assembly.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Covers
4
3
P0006017
There are two engine timing gear covers. The upper
timing gear cover (A) has an integral oil trap for crankcase ventilation. The lower (B) is a combined timing
and flywheel housing and has attachment points for
the rear engine suspension. The flywheel housing has
two locating sleeves that position it against the timing
plate.
Both covers are sealed against the timing plate with
sealant. The seal between the two covers is by a rubber strip (1) placed in a groove in the upper cover.
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The upper timing gear cover seals against the timing
plate with two rubber sealings (2). The upper timing
gear cover is also sealed with sealant in the join
between the rubber strip and the timing plate.
There are two holes in the flywheel housing. One hole
is intended for a cranking tool (3) for cranking the
engine, and the flywheel position marking can be read
through the other hole (4).
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Group 22: Lubrication System
General
P0006018
The engine is pressure lubricated by a gearwheel
pump located at the rear and driven by the engine
crankshaft. Two longitudinal ducts for oil are drilled
through the cylinder block – the main lubrication duct
(gallery) and the piston cooling duct. The main lubrication duct discharges into a cast channel for timing
gear lubrication. A centrally-located drilled channel
through the cylinder block and cylinder head lead
lubrication oil to the control valve and the drilled rocker
arm shaft, which lubricates the camshaft and rocker
arm bearings through oil channels.
The oil filter housing is bolted to the right side of the
engine and has two full-flow filters and one bypass
filter. The oil cooler is located in the cylinder head
cooling jacket on the same side.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
P0006019
Oil flow in the engine is controlled by six valves
located in the cylinder block, the pump and the filter
housing.
A Reduction valve
The piston cooling valves (E) and (F) are integrated
in the filter housing and are not replaceable. The
reduction valve (A) is integrated in the oil pump and
cannot be replaced separately.
B Safety valve
C Oil cooler thermostat valve
D Bypass valve for full-flow filter
E Opening valve for piston cooling
F Control valve for piston cooling
G Pressure take-off for piston cooling pressure
measurement
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Lubrication system, principle
10
6
E
11
F
5
9
D
13
C
8
B
4
3
A
12
P0006020
Oil is drawn up through the strainer (1) in the plastic
pipe (2) from the oil sump to the lubrication oil pump
(3) which forces oil via the delivery pipe (4) to channels in the cylinder block. The oil is led via the oil
cooler (5) to the filter housing (6). After the oil is filtered
in the two full-flow filters (7) it is led via a connection
pipe to the main cylinder block lubrication channel (8)
for distribution to all of the engine's lubrication points
and to the separator turbine (9) in those cases where
CCV, Closed Crankcase Ventilation, has been
selected. Lubrication of the valve mechanism takes
place via a channel drilled up to the control valve
(10).
Two external hoses supply the turbocharger (11) with
oil filtered in the full-flow filters (7).
The fine filtered oil from the bypass filter (12) is mixed
in with piston cooling oil which is led to the cylinder
block piston cooling channel. From here, oil is sprayed
against the underside of the pistons through nozzles
(13).
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2
7
1
A Reduction valve – maintains oil pressure within
the correct values
B Safety valve – protects the oil pump, filter and
cooler against excessive pressure when the oil
has high viscosity
C Oil cooler thermostat valve – regulates oil temperature to the optimum value
D Overflow valve for full-flow filter – opens and
allows oil to pass if the filters are clogged
E Opening valve, piston cooling – connects piston
cooling when the oil pressure reaches a set
opening value
F Control valve, piston cooling – controls the flow
of oil to the piston cooling oil channel
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Oil pump and oil cooler
P0006021
The lubrication oil pump is a gearwheel pump located
at the rear of the engine and fastened with four bolts
to the rear main bearing cap. It is driven by a gearwheel (1) directly from the engine timing. The pump
gearwheel teeth are cut at an angle for lower noise
levels, and its shafts are supported via bearings
directly in the pump housing, which is of aluminum.
The pressure reduction valve (2) is installed in the oil
pump and regulates pressure in the lubrication system.
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4
6
5
2
1
3
P0006022
The suction system is in two parts and comprises a
plastic pipe (1) with strainer from the oil sump, and a
steel or aluminum pipe (2). The plastic pipe is bolted
to the stiffening frame. The metal pipe is sealed at the
ends with rubber seals, and is in one of two lengths
depending on installation. The delivery pipe (3) is
made of steel and is fastened to the cylinder block
bearing caps and sealed with rubber seals.
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A connection pipe from the oil filter housing leads oil
to the main lubrication channel.
The oil cooler (4) is bolted directly to the oil cooler
housing (5) and is entirely surrounded by coolant
thanks to the flow plate (6).
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Piston cooling system
E
P0006023
F
Here piston cooling oil flow is illustrated when the
valve (E) is open and the valve (F) balances oil flow
to the piston cooling channels. The piston cooling
nozzle is directed such that the oil jet hits the inlet hole
to the piston cooling chamber.
By regulating the piston cooling flow via a control
valve, a so-called optimized piston cooling system is
arrived at with a constant flow regardless of engine
rpm.
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Control valve
General
P0006033
The control valve regulates oil pressure to the rocker
arm mechanism and is controlled by the engine control unit (ECU) via the solenoid valve.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Neutral
The illustration below shows the control valve in the
neutral position, which means the engine is at rest. The
solenoid (9) is not activated and the valve slide (3)
rests against the retainer ring (1).
1 Retainer ring
2 Sleeve
3 Valve slide
4 Balance spring
5 Spring seat with ball holder
6 Valve ball
7 Cylinder
8 Bar
9 Solenoid
P0006034
10 Piston
11 Electrical connection
12 Pressure regulation orifice for control flow
13 Return orifice
14 Calibration orifice
15 Hole for oil flow to rocker arm
Normal operations
During normal engine operation the solenoid (9) is not
activated. The solenoid is in the control position and
forces oil through the orifice (15) to the rocker arm at
the same time as oil is able to flow through the calibration orifice (14) and on to the return orifice (13). This
reduces oil pressure to 1 bar (100 kPa) [14.5 PSI]
which is sufficient for lubricating the camshaft bearings
and valve mechanism.
P0006035
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Activation of EGR
When the engine is running and the EGR is activated,
the solenoid (9) is energized and the valve slide (3) is
forced to its end position – fully open – in that the
enclosed oil acts as a hydraulic lock. Full oil pressure
is now delivered to the rocker arm shaft and the EGR
function takes over.
P0006036
Deactivation of EGR
When the engine is running and the EGR function
released, the solenoid (9) is de-energized. The high
pressure that is present in the rocker arm shaft causes
the valve slide (3) to rapidly shut so that the oil return
connection (13) opens and oil drains out. When the oil
pressure falls to 1 bar (100 kPa) [14.5 PSI] the valve
slide is returned to the control position.
P0006663
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Group 23: Fuel System
General
P0006024
The fuel system is electronically controlled (EMS).
Fuel injection takes place via unit injectors, one per
cylinder, under high pressure. The high pressure is
achieved mechanically via overhead camshafts and
rocker arms. Control of fuel amounts and injection
timing takes place electronically via the engine control
unit (ECU), which receives signals from a number of
sensors.
1 Strainer, fuel gauge sensor
The illustration shows the main components included
in the fuel system.
7 Overflow valve
The engine is also equipped with a hand pump,
located on the fuel filter housing
9 Fuel channel in cylinder head
2 Feed pump
3 Fuel filter housing
4 Pre-filter with water separator
5 Venting valve
6 Fuel filter
8 Unit injector
10 Cooling loop for engine control unit
11 Level pipe
12 Venting nipple
13 Hand pump
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Fuel feed system, principle
P0006025
Fuel is drawn up with the aid of a feed pump, via a
check valve, first through the strainer in the fuel gauge
sensor, then through the auxiliary (1) pre-filter (1), then
up through the ECU cooling loop (2) and then down
to the fuel filter housing. Here the fuel passes a check
valve (3) and the pre-filter with water separator. The
check valve function is to prevent fuel from flowing
back to the tank when the engine is shut down, and
during hand pumping.
The feed pump forces fuel to the fuel filter housing
through the main filter and up to the cylinder head
longitudinal fuel channel via a check valve (9). This
channel supplies each unit injector with fuel via a ringshaped channel in the cylinder head around each
injector. The overflow valve (11) regulates fuel feed
pressure to the injectors.
Return fuel from the cylinder head fuel channel
passes through the overflow valve (11) back to the
fuel filter housing.
Return fuel is mixed in the fuel filter housing through
channel with fuel from the tank and is drawn on to the
feed pump inlet (suction side).
There are two valves in the fed pump. The safety
valve (7) allows the fuel to flow back to the suction
side when pressure becomes to high, e.g. if the fuel
filter is clogged. The check valve (6) opens when the
manual fuel pump (4) is used, to make it easier to
pump up fuel by hand.
There is also a venting valve (12) located in the fuel
filter housing. The fuel system is vented automatically
when the engine is started. Any air in the system flows
together with a small amount of fuel back to the tank
via a line.
There is a venting nipple (10) on the front level pipe
for venting a completely empty system.
1) Option.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
At filter changes, the valve balls (5) and (8) close so
that no fuel leaks out when the fuel filters are screwed
out. Filter venting after each filter change is controlled
by the filter housing valves (5) and (8) and the venting
valve (12).
There is a fuel pressure sensor on the fuel filter housing that measures feed pressure after the fuel filter. A
fault code is shown on the instrument panel if feed
pressure falls below the value according to the fault
code book.
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There is a level sensor in the water separator that
provides a signal to the operator if there is water in the
system.
The hand pump (4) is located on the fuel filter housing
and is used for pumping up fuel (engine stopped)
when the fuel system has been emptied.
NOTICE! The hand pump may not be used when the
engine is running.
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Unit injectors
P0006026
The engine has unit injectors with two solenoids for
more precise injection. This provides better combustion and minimizes particle emissions, which provides
for cleaner exhaust.
The injectors are centrally located between the four
valves and are held in place in the cylinder head by
yokes (1). The lower injector section is separated from
the cooling jacket by the copper sleeve (2) and the Oring (3). The unit injector's lower part is sealed against
the copper sleeve by a steel gasket (4). The ringshaped space for fuel metering (5) around each injector is sealed with two O-rings (6 and 7).
A unit injector can in principle be divided into three
main parts:
A Pump section
B Valve section (actuator)
C Nozzle section
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The valve section contains two solenoid valves – the
spill valve (8) and the needle valve (11) with solenoids
(9 and 10) and return springs.
During the filling phase the pump piston moves up
and fuel from the cylinder head fuel channels is forced
into the unit injector.
During the spill phase he pump piston moves down
and fuel is forced back out into the cylinder head fuel
channels. During the period when the solenoids are
unenergized and the spill valve is open no pressure
is able to be built up in the fuel channel to the injector.
In the pressure building phase the spill valve solenoid is energized and the spill valve closes. A high
pressure then builds up in the fuel channel (14). The
pressure also builds up in the chamber (15) behind
the needle valve, which acts on the needle valve piston (12) and prevents the needle valve (11) from
opening the nozzle valve (13).
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20-0 Engine Information, General
When the required fuel pressure is reached, the
injection phase occurs. The needle valve solenoid is
energized and opens the needle valve (11). The high
pressure on the needle valve piston is released and
the nozzle needle (13) opens. Atomized fuel is
sprayed at high pressure into the engine combustion
chamber.
Fuel injection is stopped by the spill valve opening
once again, at which point the pressure on the piston
(12) drops and the nozzle needle (13) closes.
There are three markings on the injector electrical
connection (16) – part number (17), trim code (18) and
production number (19). When changing one or more
injectors the engine control unit (ECU) must be programmed with new injector trim codes because each
unit injector is unique and the engine is tuned for optimal fuel injection and emissions as low as possible.
The trim code is programmed with the aid of parameter programming in VODIA. The programming need
only be carried out for the unit injector(s) replaced.
The entire injection process is controlled by the
engine management system (EMS).
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Group 25: Inlet and Exhaust System
Exhaust Manifold and Turbo
P0003286
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The exhaust manifold is made in three parts in heatresistant cast steel. The joints are sealed with seal
rings. Between the cylinder head and the manifold
flanges, there are gaskets made from graphite coated
sheet steel.
The turbocharger has a turbine with a by-pass and is
of MWE type (Map Width Enhancement). The compressor's air inlet is divided into an inner and outer
area, connected via a ring-shaped chamber.
The by-pass valve on the exhaust side is designed to
protect the turbo by reducing its speed at high power
levels. The valve is influenced by turbo pressure via
an actuator and a lever.
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A Exhaust flow at low turbo pressure is shown
here. The valve is closed and the entire exhaust
flow is through the turbine rotor.
B When the turbo pressure reaches a certain
level, the valve starts to open. Some of the
exhaust gases flow via the valve and by-pass
the turbine thus reducing turbine revolutions.
C When the engine is working hard at low speed,
the air that the engine cannot use is recirculated
via the ring-shaped chamber.
D At high engine speed and high turbo pressure,
the entire inlet area is used, which provides
more air to the engine. The turbo has thus a
broader working range and engine torque is
improved.
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Crankcase venting
General
Because some of the products of combustion find their
way past pistons and piston rings (“blow by”) down to
the crankcase, the latter must be ventilated.
The engine can be delivered with one of two types of
crank case ventilation:
• Open crankcase ventilation
• Closed crankcase ventilation
Open crankcase ventilation
P0006037
The engine is equipped with two oil traps, one located
in the upper timing gear cover (1), and the other in the
valve cover (2) and an external pipe (3) to lead away
crankcase gasses.
There is an oil trap in the timing gear cover designed
as a labyrinth with a connection (4) to the crankcase
in front of the center of the intermediate gear.
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Intermediate gear rotation creates a relatively oil-free
area.
There is an oil trap on the inside of the valve cover –
a cast channel (5) with three drains (6) for the separated oil.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Closed crankcase ventilation
P0006038
The main component in the new closed crankcase
ventilation comprises a separator (A) directly
attached to the engine block left side. The separator
is driven by a turbine(3), which is in turn driven by oil
from the engine lubrication system via a channel. The
turbine is connected to a drive shaft (4) with a number
of discs (5) rotating at approximately 8,000 rpm when
the engine is running normally. There is a pressure
regulator (6) and membrane (7) on the side of the
separator that shuts off the flow to the separator if too
great a pressure drop occurs.
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After having passed the oil traps in the upper timing
gear cover and valve cover (refer to Open crankcase
ventilation), the crankcase gasses are led to the inlet
in the top of the separator via a hose connection (1)
and enter the separator from above directly over the
center of the rotating discs. The oil and heavier particles are thrown out to the periphery by centrifugal
force and can be led back to the oil sump together with
the oil driving the turbine.
The cleaned gases are led to the turbocharger inlet
side via a connection (2).
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Group 26: Cooling System
General
P0006039
Coolant is pumped from the coolant pump (1) up
through the oil cooler (2), which is bolted to the coolant
cover (oil cooler cover).
The cylinder head has a horizontal intermediate baffle
that forces coolant past the hottest parts for effective
heat removal.
Some of the coolant is then forced to the turbocharger
(3).
The coolant then passes through the thermostat (8)
which sends coolant via the cooler or via the pipe (9)
back to the coolant pump. The route the coolant takes
depends on coolant temperature.
Another quantity of coolant is forced to the cylinder
liner lower cooling jackets via the holes (5), while the
largest part of the coolant is forced through the holes
(6) to the upper liner cooling jackets. From there the
coolant flows to the cylinder head via the channels
(7).
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Coolant pump and thermostat
P0006040
The coolant circulation thermostat is of piston type
and has a temperature sensitive wax body that controls opening and closing. The thermostat begins to
open when coolant reaches 82 °C (179.6 °F).
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A Thermostat in closed position (cold engine).
B Thermostat in open position (hot engine).
C the coolant pump cover (1) is made of aluminum. There are channels in the rear section (8)
of the pump for coolant distribution, and the
cover contains a plastic impeller (2), shaft seal
(3), bearing (4) and belt pulley (5). The shaft
bearing is a permanently lubricated combined
roller bearing. Between the shaft seal and the
bearing there is a ventilated space (6) that discharges behind the belt pulley (7). The pump
rear section (8) is bolted to the cylinder block.
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Engine control system
2
1
3
8
4
7
5
6
9
14
10
13
11
12
P0004318
The engine fuel system is electronically controlled as
regards injected amounts and injection timing. The
system is called EMS (Engine Management System).
Here follows a short description of the parts of the
system included in the engine.
1 Auxiliary stop
The central part of the system is the engine control
unit (ECU) located on the left side of the engine and
installed with vibration dampening rubber elements.
The control unit requires continuous information from
the throttle and a number of sensors on the engine in
order to control the amount of fuel and injection timing.
Harness connectors for engine sensors have DIN
standard connectors.
5 Water separator level sensor
In the control unit there are sensors for atmospheric
pressure and temperature; the other sensors are:
2 Charge air pressure and temperature sensor
3 Oil pressure sensor
4 Crankcase pressure sensor
6 Oil level and oil temperature sensor
7 Fuel pressure sensor
8 Air pressure drop and air temperature
9 Coolant level sensor
10 Coolant temperature sensor
11 Piston cooling oil pressure
12 Flywheel position and speed
13 Camshaft position sensor
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20-0 Engine Information, General
Troubleshooting
A number of symptoms and possible causes of engine
malfunctions are described in the table below. Always
contact your Volvo Penta dealer if any problems occur
which you can not solve by yourself.
IMPORTANT!
Read through the safety advice for care and maintenance work in the chapter Safety precautions for boat
operation before you start work.
Symptoms and possible causes
The diagnosis button lamp flashes
Please refer to Diagnostic Function
Engine can not be stopped
2, 5
Starter motor does not rotate
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 24
Starter motor rotates slowly
1, 2
Starter motor rotates normally but engine does not start
8, 9, 10, 11,
Engine starts but stops again
8, 9, 10, 11, 13
Engine does not reach correct operating speed at full throttle
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 25, 26
Engine runs roughly
10, 11
High fuel consumption
12, 13, 15, 25
Black exhaust smoke
12, 13
Blue or white exhaust smoke
15, 22
Too low lubrication oil pressure
16
Excessive coolant temperature
17, 18, 19, 20, 28
Too low coolant temperature
20
No, or poor charge
2, 23
Too high exhaust temperature (only TWD1643GE)
13, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30
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Reason code
1 Discharged batteries
2 Poor contact/open circuit in electrical wiring
3 Main switch turned off
4 Main fuse faulty
5 Faulty ignition lock
6 Faulty main relay
7 Faulty starter motor/-solenoid
8 No fuel:
– fuel cocks closed
– fuel tank empty/wrong tank connected
9 Blocked fuel fine-filter/pre-filter (due to contaminations, or stratification in the fuel at low temperature)
10 Air in the fuel system
11 Water/contamination in fuel
12 Faulty unit injectors
13 In sufficient air supply to the engine:
– blocked air filter
– air leakage between the turbo and the engine's intake manifold
– dirty compressor part in the turbocharger
– faulty turbo compressor
– poor engine room ventilation
14 Coolant temperature too high
15 Coolant temperature too low
16 Oil level too low
17 Coolant level too low
18 Air in the coolant system
19 Faulty circulation pump
20 Defective thermostat
21 Blocked charge air cooler
22 Oil level too high
23 Alternator drive belt slips
24 Water entry into engine
25 High back pressure in the exhaust system
26 Break in ”Pot+” cable to throttle
27 High temperature, charge air cooler
28 Blocked radiator
29 No pressure in cooling system
30 Check wastegate function
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Common Interference Causes
Suitable actions
Functional Disturbances
For more detailed information and further fault tracing
help, See Operator's Manual, group 30, “MID 128,
PID 110, Engine coolant temperature”. If there is a
malfunction, first check the following items:
•
•
Check that the coolant level is between the
markings on the expansion tank (at approx.
20°C) [68 °F]. If the level in the expansion tank
is too low, top up and start the engine. If the
coolant disappears, there is internal or external
leakage.
Check that the coolant is not contaminated. If
the coolant is contaminated, this signifies internal leakage (oil) or that the cooling system has
a blockage (deposits). Blockage in the cooling
system is caused by one or more of the following factors:
External cleaning:
1 Remove guards as necessary, to access the
radiator.
IMPORTANT!
Take care that the radiator lamella are not damaged.
A high pressure washer may under no circumstances be used!
2 Clean with water and a mild detergent.
Use a soft brush.
3 Re-install removed parts.
Internal cleaning:
•
Refer to Cooling System, Cleaning.
Further checks
1 The coolant has not been changed at the
specified intervals.
•
External and internal leakage in the cooling
system: Check if there is leakage in the system.
2 Incorrect mixture of coolant and water.
•
Coolant circulation: Check that coolant circulates by letting the engine run at high speed.
Also check the expansion tank to see that coolant circulates. This can be an indication of a
fault in the cooling system.
•
Thermostat: Check thermostat function. Drain
enough coolant to allow the thermostat to be
removed. Check the thermostat; refer to Thermostat, Function Check page 293.
3 Contaminated water has been used.
Clogging
Is often caused by high coolant temperature, internal
or external blockage of the cooling system, or a combination of both. If the cooling system is blocked, it
must be cleaned.
•
External dirt: Check that the cooler and/or the
charge air cooler are not clogged. If you cannot
see light through at least one third, the cooler
should be removed and cleaned.
Check if there is any internal or external leakage
in the cooling system.
•
Internal contamination: Check that the cooler
and/or the charge air cooler are not clogged.
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Test and Adjustments
Compression Test
The fuel system shall be emptied and the rocker bridge
removed, see Draining, Fuel Duct in Cylinder
Head page 246.
Tools:
9988539 Compression meter
9990185 Lifting tool
9998248 Adapter
Removal
9998248
P0004964
P0004965
1
IMPORTANT!
Make sure that the area around the unit injectors
is clean before they are removed.
Remove the unit injectors, see Unit Injector,
Replace page 255 and mount the unit injector
protection (9998249). Clean the copper sleeves
as needed with cleaning kit 9998599.
2
Fit all(1) adapters (6 pcs), tool 9998248 Adapter,
to the cylinder head and pull them on with the
injector retainers.
3
Oil valve caliper, cam shaft ridges and the rocker
bridge.
4
Fit the rocker bridge with 9990185 Lifting tool.
Torque the screws evenly along the rocker arm to
avoid that the rocker arm bends or warps.
Make sure that guide pins fit in the camshaft support bearing. Torque the rocker bridge as specified in Engine, General page 26. Use torque
wrench.
5
Install the middle piece and the oil pipe to the
rocker bridge.
6
Check the valve clearance, see Valves and Unit
Injectors, Adjustment page 177, for all valves as
specified in Engine, General page 26.
1. This in order to avoid repeating removal/refitting of rocker bridge
and unit injector and performing valve adjustment six times.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
998 8539
P0004968
7
Remove both control wires from the starter motor
control connector (the two thin cables).
Connect one of the two free connectors on the
control connector to ground.
8
Connect the other connector to a switch, which in
turn is connected to the positive (plus) connection
on the starter motor.
9
Connect tool 9988539 Compression meter to
9998248 Adapter on the first cylinder.
10
NOTICE! Do not run the engine for more than 15
seconds at a time with intervals of 60 seconds.
Run the engine with the starter motor until the
compression meter needle has stopped (max
compression reading).
Read the value.
Move the compression meter to the next cylinder.
Repeat the test on all cylinders.
999 8248
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11
Remove the middle piece and the oil pipe for the
rocker bridge.
12
Remove the rocker bridge screws equally in
stages so that it is not bent.
Remove the bolts and carefully lift off the rocker
bridge using 9990185 Lifting tool.
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9998248
13
Remove all adapters, tool 9998248 Adapter from
all cylinders.
P0004964
Installation
14
Mount the unit injectors and new o-rings, see the
Installation section in chapter Unit Injector,
Replace page 255.
15
Fit the rocker bridge with 9990185 Lifting tool.
Torque the screws evenly along the rocker arm to
avoid that the rocker arm bends or warps.
Make sure that guide pins fit in the camshaft support bearing. Torque the rocker bridge as specified in Engine, General page 26. Use torque
wrench.
16
Install the middle piece and the oil pipe to the
rocker bridge.
17
Adjust valves and unit injectors, see Valves and
Unit Injectors, Adjustment page 177.
18
Check and if needed change the valve cover
bearing. Install the valve cover.
19
Re-install the fuel lines. Use new sealings.
20
Vent the fuel system, see Fuel system, bleeding page 245.
P0004965
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Fuel Feed Pressure, Check
Tools:
9990124 Nipple
9996666 Nipple
9998339 Manometer
1
Install tool:
1 9998339 Manometer
2 9996666 Nipple
3 9990124 Nipple
2
Check that the fuel feed pressure is according to
specifications: Refer to Engine, General page 26.
3
Remove the tool.
Install new fuel line seals.
P0005070
Cooling System, Pressure Testing
Alternative 1
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
3849613 Pressure testing kit
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1
Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Replace the filler cap on the expansion tank with
a suitable cover from 3849613 Pressure testing
kit.
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4
Connect the pump and pump up a pressure of 70
kPa (0.7 bar).
5
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
6
Release the excess pressure and remove the
pressure testing unit.
7
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
Install the regular filler cap.
8
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
P0010195
Alternative 2
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
9996441 Cover, with connecting nipple
9996662 Pressure testing kit
1
Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Replace the filler cap with 9996441 Cover, with
connecting nipple. Connect 9996662 Pressure
testing kit to the cap. Connect compressed air to
the equipment and open the cock. Adjust the
pressure to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) with the adjuster
knob. Then close the tap.
4
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
5
Release the excess pressure and remove the
pressure testing unit.
6
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
Install the regular filler cap.
7
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
P0010196
Alternative 3
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
9996662 Pressure testing kit
9996049 Draining hose
1
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Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
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20-0 Engine Information, General
1
P0010197
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Connect 9996662 Pressure testing kit to
9996049 Draining hose and close the cock. Connect the hose to the engine drain valve (1).
Open the cock and adjust the pressure to 70 kPa
(0.7 bar) with the adjuster knob. Then close the
tap.
4
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
5
Open the cock and increase the pressure until the
filler cap opens (must correspond to opening
pressure according to Technical Data page 44).
Reduce the pressure to 50 kPa (0.5 bar) and then
increase to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) and check that pressure is maintained.
6
Remove the compressed air connection. Open
the control valve so that the pressure drops and
shut the cock when coolant runs into the drain
hose.
Remove the drain hose from the engine. Then
remove the drain hose from the test equipment
and empty the coolant from the hose.
Re-install the rubber plug in the engine drain
valve.
7
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
8
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
Charge Pressure, Troubleshooting
Charge Air Pressure, Check
Tools:
9998339 Manometer
9998493 Hose
9996666 Nipple
1
Connect the nipple with hose and pressure gauge
to the measuring point on the inlet manifold; refer
to Engine Placement.
2
Compare this pressure with the pressure that can
be read with the VODIA tool; refer to “Workshop
manual, EMS 2”.
If the two measurements show different values,
the pressure sensor is faulty and must be
changed.
Exhaust system, inspection
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1
Check that the exhaust system is a Volvo Penta
original part.
2
Check whether the exhaust system has been
modified, or has bends or damage that prevent
exhaust gas from flowing out.
If the exhaust system is not a Volvo Penta original
part, or has been modified, has bends or damage,
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the exhaust back pressure may be too high,
which will reduce engine power.
Charge air cooler, checking
1
Check the charge air cooler for damage to the
cells and connections.
If there is any damage, change the charge air
cooler.
2
Check the charge air cooler and radiator for inner
clogging.
If there is any clogging, clean in accordance with
Charge Air Cooler, External Cleaning.
Inlet manifold, inspection
1
Check that the inlet pipes are clean inside, and
undamaged. Crushed, damaged or dirty inlet
pipes can reduce the charge pressure.
Charge air pipes, checking
1
Inspect the charge air pipes for visible cracks and
external damage.
2
Check that there is no oil in the charge air pipes.
If the pipes are damaged or the union seal rings
leak, the charge pressure will be too low and
engine performance will be affected.
If the pipes are contaminated with oil on the
inside, this indicates oil leakage in the turbocharger turbine shaft seal. In this case, the turbocharger should be changed as a unit.
IMPORTANT!
If there is oil in charge air pipes and charge air
hoses, the charge air cooler and all pipes and
hoses in the charge air system must be very thoroughly cleaned inside, before the engine is started.
Charge Air Cooler, External
Cleaning
Remove guards as necessary, to access the cooler.
Clean with water and a mild detergent. Use a soft
brush. Be careful not to damage the radiator matrix.
Re-install the components.
IMPORTANT!
Do not use a high pressure power washer.
Charge Air Pipe, Leakage Check
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1
Inspect the charge air pipes for visible cracks and
external damage.
2
Check that there is no oil in the charge air pipes.
If the pipes are damaged or the union seal rings
leak, the charge pressure will be too low and
engine performance will be affected. If the pipes
are contaminated with oil on the inside, this indi-
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20-0 Engine Information, General
cates oil leakage in the turbocharger turbine shaft
seal. In this case, the turbocharger should be
changed as a unit.
NOTICE! If there is any oil in the charge air pipes and
charge air hoses, the charge air cooler and all pipes
and hoses in the charge air system must be cleaned
very carefully before the engine is started.
Turbocharger, Inspection
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1
Check that the turbocharger part number is correct for the engine variant. The wrong turbocharger for the engine variant might not provide
enough charge pressure, which would reduce
engine power.
2
Check that the turbocharger has the correct compressor housing. If the wrong compressor housing is installed on the turbocharger, the compressor wheel might have been damaged or have too
much clearance between wheel and housing. In
both cases, charge air pressure will be too low.
3
Remove the inlet manifold from the turbocharger.
4
Check the turbocharger for damage to the compressor wheel and excessive end float on the turbine shaft.
5
If there is any damage on the compressor wheel
or excessive end float on the turbine shaft, the
turbocharger must be changed as a unit.
6
Remove the exhaust pipe (muffler) from the turbocharger and check the turbine disc.
7
Check the turbine wheel for damage. If the turbine
wheel is damaged, the turbocharger must be
changed as a unit.
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Sensors, Adjustment
Sensor removed.
Tools:
88800031 Measuring tool
1
If the camshaft sensor needs to be adjusted,
rotate the crankshaft so that one tooth on the
camshaft vibration damper is centered in front of
the sensor hole.
2
Remove any shims beneath the sensor.
Clean the tool's contact surface on the engine.
3
Insert 88800031 Measuring tool without tightening the lock screw.
press in the tool firmly so that it is in contact with
the cover. Press in the center part of the tool until
it contacts the gearwheel and tighten the lock
screw.
Rove the tool and inspect the center section position in its sleeve.
4
Determine further actions according to the
following:
88800031
P0010198
If the center section of the tool is entirely below
the sleeve's upper edge, no shims are required.
P0010219
If only the center section upper surface is above
the sleeve's top edge, one shim is required.
P0010218
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If the two center section surfaces are above the
sleeve's top edge, two shims are required.
P0010220
5
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Install the sensor with a new seal and any shims.
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Thermostat, Function Check
Remove the thermostat, see Thermostat,
Change page 288.
1
Place the thermostat in a big pot with water and
heat it to the opening temperature as specified in
Engine, General page 26.
2
If the thermostat does not open at specified temperature, it should be replaced.
3
Install the thermostat, see Thermostat,
Change page 288.
P0005072
Closed thermostat.
NOTICE! Always use a new seal, even if the thermostat is not replaced.
P0005073
Open thermostat.
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
21-0 Engine Complete, General
Exposing the Engine
Cable description
The illustrations show how wire harnesses and hoses
are positioned on the engine.
IMPORTANT!
When work on the engine is finished, wire harnesses
and hoses that were removed must be reinstalled
exactly as illustrated. Incorrect installation will result in
vibration damage.
P0010532
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P0010531
P0010586
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P0010587
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
Exposing
1
Drain the coolant; refer to Draining the Cooling
System page 278.
Drain the engine oil.
2
Remove fuel connections to the fuel pump and
allow the fuel to run out into a suitable container.
Also loosen the upper connection on the cooling
coil and water drain.
3
Remove the hoses from the radiator and the
expansion tank.
4
Remove the heat shield above the turbo, if fitted.
P0006865
P0006866
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5
Remove the air filter sensor.
6
Remove the pipe between the air filter and turbocharger. Cover all openings.
Remove the air filter housing and mounting
bracket.
7
Remove muffler and attachments, if fitted.
Remove the turbo from the exhaust pipe, plus the
two the oil pipes.
Cover the turbo opening.
8
Remove the crankcase breather with its bracket
and oil separator.
9
Remove the pipe between the inlet manifold and
the charge air cooler. Cover all openings.
10
Remove the safety cover above the alternator, if
fitted.
11
Remove the radiator fan safety cover/grille and
remove the fan, the hub and its brackets to the
cylinder head.
12
Remove the coolant pipe from the thermostat.
13
Remove the belt guard and drive belts.
P0006867
P0006868
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119
21-0 Engine Complete, General
Fitting the Fixture
IMPORTANT!
Take great care to keep fuel unions clean. Waste
material in the fuel system may cause engine breakdown.
Tools:
88800117 Plate
88800003 Fixture
1
Remove the engine control unit. Plug all fuel
unions.
2
Remove the wire harness from the starter motor
and sensor (the rear wire harness). Remove the
relay and stop button holder. Hang the wire harness in front of the fuel filter bracket.
3
Remove the fuel filter bracket; refer to Fuel Filter
Bracket, Change page 248.
4
First remove the fuel hose, and then the engine
block attachment.
P0009966
P0009967
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5
Install 88800117 Plate and fasten it with the bolts
supplied.
6
Fix 88800003 Fixture to the plate and tighten it.
Hoist the engine and attach it to the engine stand.
P0009968
P0009969
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
Engine Fixture, Removal
Tools:
88800117 Plate
88800003 Fixture
1
Lower the engine from the engine stand. Remove
the fixture and plate from the engine. Install the
bolts in their intended locations on the plate.
2
Install and fasten the fuel hose attachment to the
engine. Install the fuel hose.
3
Install the fuel filter bracket: Refer to Fuel Filter
Bracket, Change page 248.
4
Install the engine control unit and connect the fuel
lines with new seals.
P0009969
P0009967
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5
Install the relay and stop button holder. Retrieve
the wire harness and connect it to the sensor and
starter motor. Secure the wire harness with
clamps.
6
Vent the fuel system; refer to Fuel system, bleeding page 245.
P0009966
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123
21-0 Engine Complete, General
Engine Disassembly
Timing Gear, Removal
Cylinder head removed; refer to Cylinder Head,
Removal page 153.
Tools:
9993590 Rotation tool
9998511 Lever
9998267 Guide sleeve
1
Remove the front engine mount.
2
Remove the oil sump bolts and remove the sump.
P0010123
P0010454
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3
Remove the starter motor.
4
Remove the fuel pump with drive unit; refer to
Fuel Feed Pump, Change page 252.
5
Remove the two timing gear cover caps.
Remove the flywheel sensor.
P0010157
P0004300
P0010158
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
6
Rotate the flywheel to the zero mark. Check that
the crankshaft marking is at TDC.
Remove the flywheel bolts. Use 9993590 Rotation tool as a counterhold while undoing the bolts.
Hoist the flywheel using suitable lifting eyes.
7
Remove the lower timing gear cover bolts on the
starter motor side (2 pcs.).
8
Remove the bolts on the fuel pump side (6 pcs.).
P0010159
P0010160
P0010161
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9
Remove the remaining timing gear cover bolts.
Install lifting eyes and connect the lifting tool.
10
Use 9998511 Lever to loosen the cover from the
intermediate plate on the fuel pump side.
11
Use the pry bar in the same way on the starter
motor side.
P0010162
P0010163
P0010164
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127
21-0 Engine Complete, General
12
Lift away the cover. Check which gear requires
replacing. The large gear (double gear) must not
be separated; it is always replaced complete. If
the oil pump gear requires replacing, remove the
fuel pump; refer to Lubrication Oil Pump,
Change page 229.
13
Check that the crankshaft gear marking corresponds to the double gear.
P0010179
P0010180
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14
Check that the camshaft gear marking corresponds to the timing gear plate hole.
15
Remove the lower intermediate gear.
Remove the double gear (Allen bolts at center).
16
Remove the intermediate gear.
17
NOTICE! Before the timing gear plate is
removed, two pcs. 9998267 Guide sleeve must
be installed on the engine block (tighten to 60 Nm
(44 lbf.ft)). This is to ensure that the plate is
replaced in exactly the same position.
P0010181
P0010182
9998267
It is now possible to remove the timing gear plate.
Remove all bolts. Using a pry bar, carefully prise
the plate free (held in place by sealant), but do
not prise such that the guide sleeves are budged
or damaged
P0010184
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
18
Remove the two bolts retaining the crankshaft
gear.
Remove the crankshaft gear using a suitable
puller. Place a larger washer beneath the puller
bolt to protect its thread from damage.
19
Clean the plate thoroughly on both sides. Clean
the engine block and cylinder head sealing surfaces, but do not remove the plate guide sleeves.
P0010185
Lube Oil Pump, Removal
1
Remove the oil pump; refer to Lubrication Oil
Pump, Change page 229.
P0010153
Pistons, Removal
Tools:
885822 Magnetic pen
1
9996966
Remove the carbon uppermost in the cylinder
bore.
Make sure the press tool cannot touch the pistons
when the pistons are removed.
P0010048
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2
Remove the piston cooling nozzles with the aid of
885822 Magnetic pen.
3
Check that the connecting rods are marked; mark
the position if more than one is removed from the
engine.
4
Undo the connecting rod bolts a couple of turns.
Tap the bolt heads so that the bearing cap is freed
from the connecting rod.
P0010126
6
5
P0010127
1
P0010128
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
5
Remove the bolts entirely. Hold the connecting
rod in place and lift the bearing cap away at the
same time. Take care of the bearing cup if it does
not stay in place in the cap.
6
Press out the piston with the connecting rod and
catch it under the engine. Make sure it does not
fall out and become damaged.
The connecting rod separation plane surface is
very sensitive and must not be exposed to impact
or knocks.
7
Replace the bearing cap on the connecting rod
immediately to protect the separation plane surfaces.
8
Remove the remaining pistons the same way.
P0010129
P0010130
P0010131
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9
Remove one retainer ring for the piston pin and
press the pin out.
10
Inspect the connecting rod; refer to Connecting
Rod, Check page 176.
P0010132
P0010133
Cylinder Liners, Removal
Tools:
9992955 Plate
9996645 Puller
9996394 Support
9996395 Support
1
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Turn the engine so that the crankshaft is at the
bottom.
133
21-0 Engine Complete, General
2
Remove the press tool holding the liner to be
removed.
3
Assemble the tools 9992955 Plate,
9996645 Puller and 9996394 Support.
4
Insert the tools in the liner to be removed. Make
sure the plate ends up directly under the liner.
Screw down on the nut so that the liner is drawn
up.
P0010134
9996645
9996394
9992955
P0010135
P0010136
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9996395
5
If the liner does not come free when it has
reached the puller, release the nut sufficiently for
spacer 9996395 to be installed. Continue to pull
the liner up until it is free.
6
Lift out the liner with the tool and then remove the
tool from the liner.
7
Remove the remaining liners the same way.
8
Inspect the liners; refer to Cylinder Liner and Pistons, Inspection page 175.
9
Remove the liner O-rings from the engine block.
Check the O-ring grooves for corrosion or any
other damage.
P0010137
P0010138
Crankshaft, Removal
Tools:
9990114 Puller
9990013 Slide hammer
1
Remove the crankshaft belt pulleys; refer to Drive
Belts page 290, Alternator Belts,
Change page 298.
2
Remove the crankshaft seal holder.
P0010156
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
3
Remove the main bearing cap bolts.
Use 9990114 Puller together with 9990013 Slide
hammer to rock the main bearing caps loose.
Keep the main bearing halves safe.
4
Remove the front engine mounts if they were not
removed earlier.
Attach a suitable lifting strap to the front and rear
end of the crankshaft according to the following
steps.
5
Crank the crankshaft so that the timing mark ends
up exactly as illustrated. The crankshaft can only
be removed in this position.
Insert a bolt in the top hole in the timing gear.
6
In the same manner, insert a bolt into the other
end of the shaft and attach the lifting strap.
P0010165
P0010167
P0010168
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7
Lift the crankshaft and make sure that the connecting rods and main bearing cups do not come
out with the crankshaft.
8
Remove the thrust washers.
Remove the main bearing cups and wipe the
bearing seats dry. Fit new bearings.
Make sure the tabs fit into the notch in the bearing
seat and that the oil holes correspond to each
other.
Oil the bearings with engine oil.
P0010169
P0010170
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
Engine Assembly
Crankshaft, Installation
Tools:
885811 Timing tool
885633 Torque multiplier
885648 Counterhold
9999696 Magnetic stand
9989876 Dial indicator
9998511 Lever
1
Inspect the crankshaft; refer to Crankshaft,
Inspection page 224.
2
Check that the crankshaft is clean, that all bearing
surfaces are fault free and that the oil channels
are open. Install the crankshaft gear with a new
O-ring. Suspend the crankshaft in a lifting strap;
refer to Crankshaft, Removal page 135.
Lubricate all bearing surfaces with engine oil.
3
Lower the crankshaft carefully into position. Align
the gearwheel markings with each other.
IMPORTANT!
Make sure that no connecting rod ends up in the
wrong position. The connecting rod separation
planes are very sensitive.
P0010167
4
When the crankshaft has been lowered onto the
main bearings, check that they are still correctly
positioned.
Install the thrust washers so that the locator tabs
end up in the intended notches.
P0010171
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5
Wipe the main bearing caps dry and install new
bearings. Lubricate the bearing surfaces with
engine oil.
Install the thrust washers on the center main
bearing cap (fit the locator tab into the notch). The
center cap has a groove that must fit against a
locator tab in the engine block.
6
Install the cap according to the marking. Use the
bolts to guide the caps straight. Tighten the bolts
so that the caps are pulled down onto the engine
block.
Check that the crankshaft can be rotated.
Torque and angle tighten the main bearing cap
bolts using 885811 Timing tool, 885633 Torque
multiplier and 885648 Counterhold according to
Special Tightening Torques page 8.
Check once more that the crankshaft can be
rotated
7
Check crankshaft end float with the aid of
9999696 Magnetic stand and 9989876 Dial indicator.
Use 9998511 Lever move the crankshaft back
and forth. Read off the value on the dial indicator
and compare to Technical Data page 27.
8
Install new bearings in the connecting rods and
big end bearing caps and install all connecting
rods; refer to Pistons, Removal page 130.
Check that it is still possible to rotate the crankshaft
9
Install the piston cooling nozzles if they were
removed.
P0010172
P0010173
P0010174
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
10
Remove the front crankshaft seal from the cover.
Clean the cover and engine block where the
cover is to be installed.
Apply sealant to the cover; refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
Install the cover and tighten the bolts in
sequence; refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
11
Install a new crankshaft seal and belt pulley; refer
to Crankshaft seal, replace (front) page 211.
P0005229
4
5
6
3
2
7
1
8
P0005230
Cylinder Liner, Installation
Tools:
9996966 Press tool
9992479 Holder for dial indicator
9989876 Dial indicator
9998511 Lever
9992955 Plate
1
Check the engine block liner seat for damage. If
the liner seat is damaged it must be repaired.
P0010139
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2
Install the liner without O-rings and press the liner
down using two 9996966 Press tool.
3
Measure the height between the liner and the cylinder block plane. Measure the height of the liner
in two places, diagonal to each other.
Calculate the average of the two measurements.
For correct liner height above block plane, refer
to specifications. If the liner height is outside
specified tolerances, the liner seat must be
repaired (milled).
Always measure the highest point on the liner
sealing surface. Mark the liner's position with a
felt pen in order to re-install it in the exact same
position.
P0010134
P0006964
P0006965
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
4
Remove the press tool and pull out the liner.
Clean the O-ring grooves in the engine block.
Lubricate new O-rings and insert them in the
grooves in the engine block; black uppermost,
then purple in the lower groove. Use the oil supplied.
Install the O-ring on the cylinder liner.
Oil the lower part of the cylinder liner with the
lubricating oil supplied.
5
Press the liner down according to the earlier
marking; if necessary use 9992955 Plate, a suitable socket and 9998511 Lever against a cylinder
head bolt.
Press the liner down using two 9996966 Press
tool.
6
Install the remaining liners the same way
P0010140
P0006967
A Cylinder head bolts
B 9998511 Lever
C Socket
D 9992955 Plate
Pistons, Installation
Tools:
9996966 Press tool
9998531 Piston ring compressor
1
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Rotate the crankshaft so that the big end journal
for the piston to be installed ends up as low as
possible.
Remove the two press tools for the liner where
the piston is to be installed.
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
2
Lift the piston into place with the piston ring clamp
and connecting rod (big end bearing lubricated).
Make sure the piston is facing the right direction
(so that the connecting rod is in the right position
on the crankshaft). Tap down the piston with a
hammer shaft.
Remove the piston ring clamp when the piston is
below it.
Re-install the press tools for the cylinder liner.
Press down the piston so that the connecting rod
touches the crankshaft.
Install the big end bearing caps and align it precisely with the crankshaft (big end bearing oiled).
Install the bolts.
Torque the bolts and check that the crankshaft
can be rotated.
3
Install the remaining pistons the same way.
4
Clean the piston cooling nozzles and check that
they are not damaged.
Install the nozzles using new bolts. Check that the
nozzles are aimed directly at the piston oil cooling
hole.
P0010146
P0010126
Lube Oil Pump, Installation
1
Install the oil pump, reinforcing plate, pipe and
suction strainer; refer to Lubrication Oil Pump,
Change page 229.
P0010153
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Timing Gear, Installation
Tools:
9998267 Guide sleeve
9999683 Dial indicator (short probe)
9999696 Magnetic stand
1
Apply a 2 mm (0.08”) bead of sealant precisely
outside the groove on the timing plate, max 20
min. before installation.
2
Align the plate with the locator sleeves. Install all
the bolts and tighten them in sequence according
to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
P0005221
26
25
16
27
24
22
21
23
20
19
18
17
15
1
5
6
P0005222
29
28
2
10
4
3
7
8
9
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11
12
13
14
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3
Install a new O-ring under the holder. Remove
9998267 Guide sleeve.
4
Install a new O-ring on the crankshaft and lubricate it.
Lubricate the inside of the gearwheel with the
same lubricant. Fit the gearwheel locator tab into
the crankshaft hole and make sure the oil pump
gear meshes with the crankshaft gear.
Install the bolts and tighten them alternately so
that the gearwheel is not skewed. Torque according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
5
Clean the upper intermediate gear hub. Check
the oil holes are open.
Fit the washer onto the locator sleeve. Check that
the bolt holes align.
P0010186
P0010187
P0010186
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
6
Fit the hub onto the engine by aligning the locator
sleeve. Lubricate the thrust bearing with engine
oil.
7
Check that the bearing is fault free. Lubricate the
bearing with engine oil.
Install the intermediate gear turned so that the
bearing is located outward.
8
Check that the plate lubricating hole is open.
Lubricate the rear of the plate.
9
Fit the plate onto the centering guide and install
the bolts. Tighten the bolts until they touch.
Check that the gearwheel rotates easily.
P0010189
P0010190
P0010191
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10
Check the double gear bearing.
Align the marking on the double gear against the
marking on the crankshaft. Align the upper intermediate gear teeth and fit the locator pin into the
center hole. Turn the hub so the bolt holes align.
Install the bolts and tighten according to Special
Tightening Torques page 8.
11
Install the lower intermediate gear.
P0010192
P0010324
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
12
Install the camshaft gear without the oscillation
damper. Align the marking with the hole in the
timing plate.
Allow suitable spacers under the bolts to act as a
replacement for the vibration damper.
13
Adjust the gear lash as follows:
Undo the bolts to the upper intermediate gear so
that it is moveable. Check by rotating the camshaft gear back and forth.
When the camshaft gear is rotated clockwise until
it stops the intermediate gear is moved to the left
so that a large gear lash measurement between
the camshaft gear and the intermediate gear is
obtained.
When the camshaft gear is rotated counterclockwise until it stops the intermediate gear is moved
to the right so that a no gear lash measurement
between the camshaft gear and the intermediate
gear is obtained.
In order to adjust gear lash to the correct value,
insert a 0.10 mm (0.0039”) feeler gauge between
the gearwheels while the camshaft gear is rotated
clockwise until it stops. Then tighten the intermediate gear bolts and remove the feeler gauge.
P0010193
P0010325
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9999683
14
Check gear lash measurement using
9999683 Dial indicator (short probe) and
9999696 Magnetic stand. The upper intermediate
gear must be held secure when checking gear
lash. Compare to Technical Data page 27.
Torque the bolts to the upper intermediate gear;
refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
15
Remove the bolts and spacers from the camshaft
gear.
Install the vibration damper, bolts and washer.
Tighten the bolts; refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
16
Remove the crankshaft seal from the flywheel
housing. Clean the flywheel housing contact surfaces. Check that the locator sleeves are in place.
17
Apply a 2 mm (0.08”) bead of sealant according
to Special Tightening Torques page 8 (must be
torqued within 20 mins.).
9999696
P0010544
P0010056
P0005224
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21-0 Engine Complete, General
10
11
8
9
6
7
18
Lift the cover into place and align the locator
sleeves. Install all the bolts and torque according
to Special Tightening Torques page 8 (M14 first
according to chart).
19
Inspect the flywheel. Where necessary, replace
the ring gear; refer to Gear Ring, Fywheel:
Replace page 204.
20
Install a new crankshaft seal; refer to Crankshaft
Sealing, Change (rear) page 219. Install the flywheel.
Check the flywheel with regard to distortion; refer
to Flywheel, Indication page 203.
21
Install the covers with new seals. Install the crankshaft sensor with a new seal; refer to Sensors,
Adjustment page 113.
1
2
3
4
5
P0005225
P0010159
P0010158
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22
Install the fuel pump with drive unit and new seal.
Install new fuel line seals.
23
Install the starter motor.
24
Clean the oil sump thoroughly. Check to see if the
oil sump rubber seal requires replacement.
Cut away excess sealant from the front crankshaft seal cover. Cut away excess sealant from
the timing plate and the flywheel housing. Apply
new sealant to the joints and install the oil sump
within 20 min.
P0004300
P0010157
P0010147
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25
Install the oil filler with attachment and the oil dipstick.
26
Install the front engine mount and tighten the bolts
according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
27
Install the cylinder head according to Cylinder
Head, Installation page 162.
P0010122
P0010123
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21-1 Cylinder Head
21-1 Cylinder Head
Cylinder Head, Removal
Engine in stand; refer to Engine with mounting and
equipment page 120.
Oil and coolant drained.
Tools:
9990185 Lifting tool
9996400 Slide hammer
9998674 Adapter
9990006 Puller
9990013 Slide hammer
885822 Magnetic pen
9998249 Protective sleeve
9998251 Protection plug
9996239 Lifting tool
9996966 Press tool
9998264 Lifting tool
1
Remove the air cleaner with attachment plate and
the turbocharger pipe.
2
Remove the rear engine lifting eye.
3
Remove the turbocharger; refer to Turbo,
Change page 275.
P0010027
P0010028
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153
21-1 Cylinder Head
4
remove the heat shield and manifold.
5
Remove the water pipes (2 pcs.). Remove the
thermostat cover and thermostat; refer to Thermostat, Change page 288.
6
Remove the ventilation pipe and valve cover.
7
Remove the wire harness. Begin with the wires
under the valve cover.
P0010029
P0010030
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8
Remove the fuel lines from the cylinder head.
9
Remove the inlet manifold; refer to Inlet Manifold,
Change page 269.
10
TAD1350–53GE:
Remove the springs from the EGR rocker arms.
P0010031
P0010032
NOTICE! Do not drop the bolts into the timing
gear.
P0010033
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155
21-1 Cylinder Head
11
Remove the rocker arm lubrication valve and oil
pipe. Remove the rocker arm shaft. Undo the
bolts alternately so the shaft is not bent.
12
Install 9990185 Lifting tool and adjust the rocker
arm holders. This is done so that the rocker arms
can be kept together per cylinder. The higher
holders must be used.
Lift the rocker arm bridge away.
Make sure the pistons in the exhaust rocker arms
and the adjuster screw ball do not fall out.
13
Mark and then remove the valve yokes.
P0010034
P0004965
6
5
4
3
P0010035
2
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14
Remove the camshaft sensor (1) and then the
upper timing cover (2).
15
Remove the camshaft gear and vibration damper
bolts.
Lift away the vibration damper.
1
2
P0010036
IMPORTANT!
make sure the vibration damper is protected from
impact and shocks.
Remove the camshaft gear.
P0010037
16
Remove the camshaft cap bolts. Check that the
caps are marked.
P0010038
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157
21-1 Cylinder Head
17
Use 9996400 Slide hammer and
9998674 Adapter to rock the caps loose.
18
Use 9998264 Lifting tool to lift the camshaft.
999 6400
999 8674
P0010039
CAUTION!
999 8264
Cutting hazard! Protect your hands!
19
Remove the unit injector bolts.
20
Rock a unit injector loose using 9990006 Puller
and 9990013 Slide hammer.
Check that the seal washer (steel washer) comes
out with the injector. If it is still in the copper
sleeve, remove it using 885822 Magnetic pen.
P0010040
P0010040
9990013
9990006
NOTICE! The seal washer must always be
replaced when installing an injector.
P0001370
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21
Put the injector in 9998249 Protective sleeve.
22
Insert 9998251 Protection plug in the cylinder
head.
23
Remove the remaining injectors the same way.
24
remove the coolant temperature sensor.
999 8249
P0010041
999 8251
P0010042
P0010043
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159
21-1 Cylinder Head
25
remove the bolt and washer.
26
Turn the crankshaft so that the timing gear is in
the same position as illustrated.
Remove the bolts that hold the intermediate plate
against the cylinder head (6 pcs.). Remove the
upper bolts from the timing gear (4 pcs.).
27
Remove the cylinder head bolts.
P0010044
P0010045
P0010046
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28
999 6239
Install two 9996239 Lifting tool on the cylinder
head and lift it away.
NOTICE! The timing gear sealant may make it
necessary to carefully prise the cylinder head
away until it is free.
Lower the cylinder head onto a clean surface.
IMPORTANT!
The sealing surface must not be damaged.
P0010047
29
9996966
Remove the cylinder head gasket.
Install 9996966 Press tool to keep the liners in
place. Make sure the press tools are not able to
damage the pistons if they are to be removed.
P0010048
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161
21-1 Cylinder Head
Cylinder Head, Installation
Tools:
9990185 Lifting tool
9996400 Slide hammer
9998264 Lifting tool
9999696 Magnetic stand
9999683 Dial indicator (short probe)
885810 Fixture
9998601 Fixture
9998599 Cleaning kit
9998250 Sealing ring
9990156 Adapter
3883671 Protective sleeve
3883672 Protective sleeve
1
Check the liner height (refer to Cylinder Liner,
Installation page 140) and clean the engine block
and liner sealing surfaces.
Clean the timing plate free from sealant.
Dip all the cylinder head bolts in anti corrosion
agent and let them run off through a net.
2
Thoroughly clean the cylinder head internally and
externally. Also clean the fuel channels and unit
injector copper sleeves. Install protection plugs
immediately after cleaning.
3
Install a new cylinder head gasket and align it with
the liners. Make sure the two bolts and washers
are in place and tightened.
4
Apply sealant outside the timing plate groove (2
mm (0.08”) wide bead). The cylinder head must
be finally tightened 20 min after the application of
sealant.
5
Make sure that the bolt and washer (1) are in
place on the cylinder head. The bolt must only be
tightened a few turns.
Lower the cylinder head down onto the gasket.
Leave a 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4”) gap (A) to the timing
plate.
Make sure the washer (1) ends up outside the
engine block edge. Then tighten the bolt so that
the washer pulls the cylinder head sideways until
it touches the two washers (2) on the engine block
side.
P0010049
A
2
1
2
P0010050
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6
Install a bolt in the upper timing gear and tighten
it so that the cylinder head is pulled toward the
timing plate.
Undo the bolt a little. The cylinder head is now in
the correct position for tightening with the cylinder
head bolts (the raised portions of the gasket will
be flattened).
Install all cylinder head bolts and tighten according to the chart (sequence, torque and angle tightening) in Special Tightening Torques page 8.
When all the cylinder head bolts have been tightened, install the six bolts for the timing plate and
tighten them.
7
Check that the cam bearings are in position and
fault free. Oil the cam bearings.
Use 9998264 Lifting tool to lift the camshaft into
position.
P0010051
36 35 28 27 22 21 15 16 23 24 31 32
11
6
3
9
1
13
7
14
10
2
5
8
12
4
38 37 30 29 18 17 19 20 25 26 33 34
P0005232
999 8264
CAUTION!
Cutting hazard! Protect your hands!
P0010040
P0010040
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21-1 Cylinder Head
8
Rotate the camshaft so that the guide hole faces
straight up.
9
Check that the cam bearings are fault free and
correctly installed in the caps. Install the caps
according to the markings.
Install M10X80 bolts instead of the rocker arm
bridge. Tighten the caps according to Special
Tightening Torques page 8. Check that the camshaft can be rotated.
10
Check that the flywheel marking is at zero. Install
the camshaft gear so that the locator pin aligns
with the hole in the camshaft and the gear marking against the hole in the timing plate.
11
Install at least three bolts with suitable spacers in
the gear and tighten them.
P0010052
P0010053
P0010054
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21-1 Cylinder Head
9999683
12
Use 9999696 Magnetic stand and 9999683 Dial
indicator (short probe) to check gear lash measurement.
Hold the intermediate gear secure and rotate the
camshaft gear back and forth to check the gear
lash; refer to Technical Data page 27. If the measurement must be adjusted, refer to Timing Gear,
Installation page 144.
13
Remove the bolts and spacers from the camshaft
gear. Install the vibration damper, bolts and
washer. Torque according to Technical
Data page 27.
14
Clean the upper timing cover. Install new rubber
seals on the cover.
9999696
P0010055
P0010056
P0010057
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165
21-1 Cylinder Head
15
Apply a 2 mm (0.08”) bead of sealant as illustrated (must be torqued within 20 mins.).
16
Install the cover with the two bolts located in the
oval holes. Torque to 4 Nm (3 lbf.ft).
17
Fit 885810 Fixture and 9998601 Fixture. Press
down the cover so that it arrives at the same
height as the upper side of the cylinder head.
P0005290
P0010058
999 8601
885 810
P0010059
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21-1 Cylinder Head
4
18
Install the remaining bolts and tighten them in
sequence according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
Remove the press tools.
19
Install the camshaft sensor with a new seal and
heat shield; refer to Sensors, Adjustment page 113.
20
Remove the protective plug for one unit injector
(where necessary use 9990156 Adapter and
9996400 Slide hammer).
Clean the copper sleeve with 9998599 Cleaning
kit. Protect the fuel channel with two
9998250 Sealing ring.
5
2
1
3
P0005227
9996400
9990156
P0010061
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167
21-1 Cylinder Head
21
Remove the unit injector from the protective
sleeve. Replace the O-rings on the unit injector
by using 3883671 Protective sleeve and
3883672 Protective sleeve. Install a new steel
washer on the injector sealing surface
IMPORTANT!
The steel washer must be replaced new every time
an injector is installed.
Install the injector and injector yoke. Turn the
injector so that the wiring connections are exactly
opposite the valve springs.
Install the retaining bolt and torque it.
22
Install the remaining unit injectors in the same
way.
23
Install the valve yoke according to the marking
made at removal.
24
Remove the extra bolts located in the rocker arm
bridge position.
Lubricate the valve yokes and the unit injector ball
seats.
Lift the rocker arm bridge into place. Guide all
rocker arms so they arrive in the correct positions.
Make sure that the exhaust rocker arm pistons
and the adjuster screw balls are in place.
Remove the lifting tool from the rocker arm
bridge. Install the rocker arm shaft bolts.
Check that the valve yokes are positioned correctly on the valve stem. Tighten the bolts alternately so that the rocker arm shaft is not bent.
Make sure the shaft guides the locator sleeves on
the bearing caps.
Torque according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
P0010062
6
5
4
3
P0010063
2
P0004965
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21-1 Cylinder Head
25
TAD1350–55GE:
Install the EGR rocker arm springs. Make sure the
springs are positioned correctly on the rocker arm
ball tappet, but do not tighten the bolts (the bolts
are tightened after valve adjustment).
26
Install the valve and rocker arm lubrication oil pipe
with new seals.
27
Adjust the valves and unit injectors; refer to
Valves and Unit Injectors, Adjustment page 177.
28
Install the inlet manifold; refer to Inlet Manifold,
Change page 269.
P0010033
P0010034
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169
21-1 Cylinder Head
29
Install the fuel lines on the cylinder head with new
seals.
IMPORTANT!
Take great care to keep fuel unions clean. Even
minimal amounts of dirt in the fuel system can
cause engine breakdown.
30
Install the coolant temperature sensor if it was
removed.
31
Install the thermostat and cover with a new seal.
P0010031
P0010032
P0010064
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21-1 Cylinder Head
32
Install the water pipes with new seals.
33
Clean the cylinder head exhaust manifold sealing
surface. Clean the manifold gasket plane and
blow any carbon flakes out of the manifold.
Bolt the new exhaust manifold gaskets onto the
manifold (the gaskets are marked Up and Manifold side).
34
Lift the manifold into position. Tighten the bolts.
Make sure the gaskets do not come awry. Tighten
according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
P0010065
P0010320
1
3
5
7
9
11
2
4
6
8
10
12
P0005246
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171
21-1 Cylinder Head
35
Install the heat shield.
36
Clean the turbocharger gasket planes.
Fit a new gasket to the exhaust manifold and
install the turbocharger.
Install spacers and tighten the bolts.
Install the oil return pipe with new seals. Fill the
turbocharger with clean engine oil before the
pressure hose is installed on the turbocharger.
Install the hose and actuator heat shield on the
turbocharger and clamp it as illustrated.
P0010029
NOTICE! Do not tighten too hard.
P0010096
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21-1 Cylinder Head
37
Install a new O-ring on the wire harness to seal
against the cylinder head.
Install the wire harness. Begin by running the part
for the unit injectors through the hole in the front
side of the cylinder head. make sure the O-ring is
not damaged when it is pressed into the hole in
the cylinder head. Tighten the bolt.
Attach the wire harness with two clamps behind
the belt pulley and one clamp on the inlet manifold.
38
Install the connectors to the temperature sensor
and wastegate control valve.
Secure the wire harness with cable ties. Make
sure the wire harness does not touch the rear of
the belt pulley.
39
Install the connectors to the unit injectors and oil
valve. Clamp the wire harness under the valve
cover with original cable ties (these are heat and
oil resistant).
P0010097
P0010098
P0010099
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173
21-1 Cylinder Head
13 12
11
10
1
15
16
17
40
Check to see if the valve cover gasket needs to
be changed.
Install the valve cover and tighten according to
Special Tightening Torques page 8.
41
The remaining wire harness is secured after the
engine fixture has been removed.
42
Install the rear lifting eye.
43
Install air filters with holders and turbocharger
pipes.
44
Install new oil filters and fill with engine oil.
18
19
14
9
8
7
6
2
3
4
5
20
p0005236
P0010028
P0010027
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21-3 Cylinder Liner, Pistons
21-3 Cylinder Liner, Pistons
Cylinder Liner and Pistons,
Inspection
Clean the cylinder liners carefully before inspection and measurement.
IMPORTANT!
Cylinder liners and pistons are classed together. This
means that cylinders and liners must not be mixed.
The piston and cylinder liner sets are only available as
a single, complete unit.
Cylinder Liner
Measurement of cylinder liner wear can be done with
the liner installed in the cylinder block.
NOTICE! The cylinder liners must be taken out of the
engine block, to do a careful crack check.
1
Measure the cylinder liners with a cylinder indicator. In order to obtain the greatest possible
accuracy in the wear measurement, the cylinder
liner must first be set up with a gauge ring or
micrometer. Use the original diameter of the cylinder liner as the base value.
2
Measure the cylinder liner at top and bottom dead
centers, and at several places vertically.
At each measurement location, measurement
must be lengthwise and crosswise in relation to
the engine.
3
If wear is greater than 0.45–0.50 mm, a new complete lining kit must be used (piston, liner, piston
rings, piston pin and seals).
Oil consumption also affects when cylinder liners
must be changed.
4
Remove the cylinder liner and do a crack check.
Be specially careful when checking the liner collars.
The Magnaflux method may be used for this
check.
P0006962
Pistons
5
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Check for worn piston ring grooves, damaged
retainer ring grooves, cracks and other damage
to the pistons.
If the piston has deep scratches on its skirt, the
piston (liner kit) must be scrapped. The same
applies if the piston has one or more cracks in the
piston pin hole or in the bottom of the combustion
chamber.
Crack tests must be done using the chalk powder
method.
175
21-3 Cylinder Liner, Pistons
Connecting Rod, Check
Important consideration when removing/installing
fracture-split connecting rods.
Installing a NEW connecting rod:
Carefully fix the connecting rod in a vise with soft jaw
pads.
Undo the connecting rod bolts a few turns and carefully
tap the bearing cap with a plastic faced hammer until
it loosens.
The split line can be difficult to find when the connecting rod is assembled.
When the cap is separated from the connecting rod, it
may occur that a chip is missing or comes loose. This
does not affect the function of the connecting rod
adversely.
Handle the connecting rod and bearing cap carefully.
If any strike marks occur on the split line, this may
affect strength after torquing.
IMPORTANT!
If the connecting rod or bearing cap are damaged,
change the connecting rod.
Connecting Rod Bushing, Check up
1
2
P0006994
3
Check the connecting rods for cracking, straightness and twist before any piston pin bush
replacement. Scrap the connecting rod if it is
cracked, bent or twisted.
When the piston pin bush is changed, the bush
must be machined (trapezoid piston pin end).
When the clearance is correct, an oiled piston pin
should slowly slide through the bush under its
own weight.
IMPORTANT!
Regarding max. allowed straightness and twist deviations, refer to Technical Data page 27.
P0006995
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2
Use a new piston pin and measure the straightness of the connecting rod, using a fixture.
3
Measure connecting rod twist.
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valves and Unit Injectors,
Adjustment
TAD1340VE, TAD1341GE, TAD1341VE,
TAD1342GE, TAD1342VE, TAD1343GE,
TAD1343VE, TAD1344GE, TAD1344VE,
TAD1345GE, TAD1345VE
Tools:
9993590 Rotation tool
1
Remove the valve cover.
2
Rotate the crankshaft with tool 9993590 Rotation
tooluntil the camshaft mark is located centrally
between the marks on the bearing cap (the marks
for the cylinder to be adjusted).
P0004806
TDC
5
3
4
1
5
NOTICE! It is important that the line marked on
the camshaft is centered between the two marks
on the bearing cap when adjustment is carried
out.
P0002568
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177
21-4 Valve Mechanism
3
Adjust the valve play for the inlet valves to 0.2
mm (0.0079”) with the aid of a feeler gauge.
Tighten the lock nut.
4
Check the valve play for the exhaust valves with
the aid of a feeler gauge. The play must be 0.8
mm (0.0315”).
Tighten the lock nut.
P0012060
P0012061
178
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
5
Adjust the unit injector setting by loosening the
adjuster screw until play is attained on the injector.
Adjust the screw until the play disappears (by feel
until the roller can no longer be rotated).
Tighten the adjuster screw a further 240° (4 sides
of the hexagon). Tighten the lock nut.
6
Rotate the crankshaft to the next camshaft mark
and adjust the remaining valves in the same manner.
240
P0012062
5
3
4
1
5
TDC
P0002568
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179
21-4 Valve Mechanism
7
Check the valve cover gasket. Change as necessary.
Install the valve cover.
8
Remove tool 9993590 Rotation tool from the
toothed rim.
P0004806
Valves and Unit Injectors,
Adjustment
TAD1350GE, TAD1351GE, TAD1352GE,
TAD1353GE, TAD1354GE, TAD1355GE
Tools:
9993590 Rotation tool
1
Remove the valve cover.
2
Loosen all hexagon socket cap screws to the
EGR rocker arm springs.
P0004806
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
3
TDC
5
3
Rotate the crankshaft with tool 9993590 Rotation
tooluntil the camshaft mark is located centrally
between the marks on the bearing cap (the marks
for the cylinder to be adjusted).
4
1
5
NOTICE! It is important that the line marked on
the camshaft is centered between the two marks
on the bearing cap when adjustment is carried
out.
P0002568
4
Adjust the valve play for the inlet valves to 0.2
mm (0.0079”) with the aid of a feeler gauge.
P0004951
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181
21-4 Valve Mechanism
5
Adjust the unit injector setting by loosening the
adjuster screw until play is attained on the injector.
Adjust the screw until the play disappears (by feel
until the roller can no longer be rotated).
Tighten the adjuster screw a further 240° (4 sides
of the hexagon). Tighten the lock nut.
6
Check the valve play for the exhaust valves with
the aid of a feeler gauge.
The play must be 0.8 mm (0.0315”).
P0004952
P0004528
182
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
7
NOTICE! Ensure that no loose parts fall into the
camshaft drive.
NOTICE! Use a wrench on the yoke as a counterhold during removal.
If the shims must be replaced, undo the screw on
the yoke while holding the yoke fast with a wrench
so that the valves are not bent.
P0004594
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183
21-4 Valve Mechanism
8
When replacing shims, press them home firmly.
P0004596
Example showing incorrectly installed shims.
P0004596
Example showing correctly installed shims.
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
9
NOTICE! Use a wrench on the yoke as a counterhold also when tightening.
Tighten the shims with a wrench, and hold the
yoke fast so that the valves are not bent.
Using a feeler gauge, check that the play is 0.8
mm (0.0315”).
P0004594
10
Allow the feeler gauge to remain in place after
adjustment and adjust the EGR rocker arm by
loosening the locknut and adjusting the screw
until no play is attained.
Check by rotating the rocker arm roller at the
camshaft.
11
Undo the adjuster screw 1 and 3/4 turns (630°).
Tighten the lock nut.
Remove the feeler gauge from the exhaust valve.
P0004526
P0004953
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185
21-4 Valve Mechanism
12
Where necessary, check the EGR rocker arm
adjustment with a feeler gauge.
Check the play between the camshaft and the
roller on the EGR rocker arm.
The play must be between 3.7 mm (0.146”) and
3.9 mm (0.154”).
13
Rotate the crankshaft to the next camshaft mark
and adjust the remaining valves in the same manner.
P0005197
5
3
4
1
5
TDC
P0002568
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
14
Tighten the retaining screws to the EGR rocker
arm springs.
NOTICE! Ensure that the springs position correctly on the pressure points.
15
Check the valve cover gasket. Change as necessary.
Install the valve cover.
16
Remove tool 9993590 Rotation tool from the
toothed rim.
P0004806
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187
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valve Guides, Inspection
Tools:
9989876 Dial indicator
9999696 Magnetic stand
Cylinder head removed
Refer to removal in 21-1, Cylinder Head, Change.
1
Remove the valve stem seals from the valve
guides.
2
IMPORTANT!
The cylinder head must not be put down so its
entire weight rests on the valve guides (see illustration).
Put the cylinder head on the bench with the valve
discs facing upwards.
999 9696
3
Place a new valve in the valve guide with the
valve stem end in the same plane as the edge of
the guide. Use a suitable counterhold under the
valve stem.
4
Place tool 9989876 Dial indicator and tool
9999696 Magnetic stand, so that the dial indicator
tip is touching the valve disc edge.
Move the valve sideways, in the direction of the
exhaust or inlet duct. Read off the value on the
dial gauge.
5
Check all valve guides.
If the measurement values exceed the values
noted in the specifications, the valve guide must
be changed; refer to Technical Data page 27.
998 9876
p0005207
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valve Guides, Replacing
Cylinder head removed.
NOTICE! If the valve seats must also be changed, this
must be done before the valve guides are removed.
CAUTION!
Risk of eye injury. Eye protection required.
Option 1
Tools:
9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump
9809729 Hydraulic cylinder
9990176 Press tool
9996159 Adapter
88800147 Drift
88800062 Drift
Optional tools
Tools:
9992670 Hand pump
Note: 9992670 is alternative to 9809726.
Removal
999 2670
980 9726
980 9729
1
Install tool 9990176 Press tool into the cylinder
head retaining bolt holes.
NOTICE! Put washers between the nuts and the
cylinder head plane.
999 0176
2
Tighten the nuts of the tool.
999 6159
888 00137
3
Install tool 9996159 Adapter in the hydraulic cylinder.
4
Fit tool 9809729 Hydraulic cylinder into tool
9990176 Press tool and press out the valve guide
using tool 88800147 Drift and9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump , alternatively
9992670 Hand pump.
5
Press the other valve guides out in the same way.
p0003637
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189
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Installation
6
Heat the cylinder head with hot water while cooling the valve guides with e.g. carbon dioxide
snow.
Lubricate the cylinder head valve guides with
engine oil.
IMPORTANT!
Wear protective goggles when pressing.
999 2670
980 9726
980 9729
7
Press in the valve guide for the inlet valve using
tool 88800062 Drift. Press in the exhaust valve
guide using the same tool.
8
Press until the tool bottoms against the cylinder
head plane.
9
Remove the tool from the cylinder head.
999 0176
999 6159
p0011273
888 00062
IMPORTANT!
After the valve guides have been changed, the cylinder
head must be cleaned carefully to prevent dirt particles
from getting into the fuel and oil ducts. Contamination
may cause failure or malfunction of the unit injectors.
Option 2
Tools:
9992000 Handle
88800147 Drift
88800062 Drift
NOTICE! If the valve seats must also be changed, this
must be done before the valve guides are removed.
CAUTION!
Risk of eye injury. Eye protection required.
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
Removal
NOTICE! Take out the valve guides from beneath the
cylinder head.
1
Tap out the valve guides with tool
88800147 Drift together with 9992000 Handle.
2
Tap the other valve guides out in the same way.
Installation
3
Heat the cylinder head with hot water while cooling the valve guides with e.g. carbon dioxide
snow.
Lubricate the cylinder head valve guides with
engine oil.
CAUTION!
Risk of eye injury. Eye protection required.
4
Tap in the valve guide for the inlet valve using tool
88800062 Drift. Tap in the exhaust valve guide
using the same tool.
5
Tap until the tool bottoms against the cylinder
head plane.
6
Repeat the procedure for the remaining valve
guides.
999 2000
IMPORTANT!
After the valve guides have been changed, the cylinder
head must be cleaned carefully to prevent dirt particles
from getting into the fuel and oil ducts. Contamination
may cause failure or malfunction of the unit injectors.
P0011274
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888 00062
191
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valves, Removal
Work is made easier if the cylinder head is fixed in an
equipment stand using tool 9990160 Fixture. Use 4
pcs. bolts M8 x 25.
NOTICE! It is important that the greatest possible
cleanliness is observed during work on the cylinder
head. Dirt particles in the fuel ducts can cause failure
or malfunction of the unit injectors.
Alternative 1
P0006996
Tools:
9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump
9809729 Hydraulic cylinder
9990160 Fixture
9990174 Drift
9992670 Hand pump
9996159 Adapter
9998246 Drift
Note: 9992670 Hand pump is alternative to
9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump .
Alternative 2
Tools:
9990210 Valve spring compressor
Alternative 1
1
Fit tool 9809729 Hydraulic cylinder into tool
9990176 Press tool.
2
Install tool 9996159 Adapter and tool
9998246 Drift (inlet) or tool 9990174 Drift (outlet)
on the hydraulic cylinder. Place the tool in the
holes for the cylinder head retaining bolts.
Tighten the tool nuts.
3
Connect tool 9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump
(alternatively 9992670 Hand pump).
4
Press the valve spring washer down and remove
the collets.
NOTICE! Check that the tool does not damage
the unit injector electrical connector, if the injector
is left in place.
NOTICE! Put the valves and springs in a marked
stand, to facilitate putting components back in the
same places in the cylinder head.
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5
Remove the remaining valves in the same way as
above, using the press tool.
6
Remove the oil seals from the valve guides.
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
Alternative 2
Tools:
9990210 Valve spring compressor
1
Lay the cylinder head on a flat, clean surface.
Make sure the cylinder head is not damaged
when the valves are to be removed.
2
Fit tool 9990210 Valve spring compressor in the
unit injector hole. Fix the tool in the bolt hole for
the unit injector yoke, M10 x 30.
3
Place the moving part of the tool over the valve
spring to be removed. Screw down the “wing nut”
on the tool until the valve washer has been
pressed down so far that the collets can be
removed.
NOTICE! Put the valves and springs in a marked
stand, to facilitate putting components back in the
same places in the cylinder head.
P0006997
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4
Remove the remaining valves in the same way as
above.
5
Remove the oil seals from the valve guides.
193
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valves, Installation
Alternative 1
Tools:
9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump
9990165 Guide sleeve
9990174 Drift
9990176 Press tool
9990210 Valve spring compressor
9992670 Hand pump
9996159 Adapter
9998246 Drift
88800151 Drift
Note: 9992670 Hand pump is alternative to
9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic pump .
Alternative 2
Tools:
9990210 Valve spring compressor
1
Oil the valve stems and install the valves.
Oil the oil seals.
2
Install tool 9990165 Guide sleeve on the valve
stem and press the new oil seals down over the
valve guides.
NOTICE! Check that the oil seals are pressed
down properly. If necessary, use 88800151 Drift
and tap carefully with a plastic mallet.
P0006998
Alternative 1
3
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Install the valve caliper guide pins.
Install the springs and valve spring washers.
Carefully press down the valve spring washer and
install the collets. Use tool 9990176 Press tool
together with 9809726 Pneumatic hydraulic
pump , 9996159 Adapter and 9998246 Drift (inlet)
or 9990174 Drift (outlet), in the same way as for
Valves, Removal.
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
Alternative 2
Tools:
9990210 Valve spring compressor
1
Alternatively, tool 9990210 Valve spring compressor may be used instead of the hydraulic cylinder, in the same way as for Valves, Removal.
P0006997
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195
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valve Seats and Valve, Grinding
For valve sealing angles, refer to Technical
Data page 27.
NOTICE! Spare part valve seats are already
machined, and do not need further grinding.
Valve seat, grinding
1
Before the valve seats are ground, the valve
guides must be checked and changed if wear tolerances have been exceeded.
2
When grinding valve seats, do not remove an
unnecessary amount of material; only remove
enough material to give the valve seat the correct
shape and a good mating surface.
3
Grind new seats down so far that the dimension
between the cylinder head plane and the valve
disc surface, is in accordance with specifications;
refer also to Technical Data page 27.
4
Check the valve seat angle with a valve seat
gauge, once the seat mating surface has been
coated with a thin layer of marker dye.
P0007076
25
24,5
P0010244
Inlet valve
40
39,5
P0010245
Exhaust valve
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21-4 Valve Mechanism
.
NOTICE! Spare part valves are already machined, and
do not need further grinding.
NOTICE! The sealing surface must be ground as little
as possible; however, enough to grind away all damage.
Valves, grinding
1
Check dimension (A). If the dimension is greater
than the wear tolerance as specified in Technical
Data page 27, the valve must be changed.
NOTICE! Always change a valve with a bent
valve stem.
2
P0007000
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Check valve sealing with marker dye. If there is
any leakage, grind the valve seat again; refer to
Valve Seat, Grinding, then do a new check.
Once the results of grinding are acceptable, the
valve and seat may be lapped in with fine grinding
paste.
197
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valve Seat, Change
Cylinder head and valves removed.
Tools:
9989876 Dial indicator
9992479 Holder for dial indicator
1
The valve seats must be changed if a satisfactory
seal cannot be obtained or when the distance
(A) exceeds the value stated in the specification;
refer to Technical Data page 27.
2
Grind the head off an old valve and weld it onto
the valve seat. Use a MAG welder, or a conventional arc welder (with a stainless welding electrode).
P0007000
IMPORTANT!
Carefully cover the other surfaces on the cylinder head
to prevent any weld spatter from fastening.
P0007001
P0007002
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7748841 06-2010
21-4 Valve Mechanism
3
Place a suitable socket over the valve/valve guide
and carefully tap the valve seat out.
IMPORTANT!
Be careful not to damage the cylinder head.
CAUTION!
Risk of eye injury. Eye protection required.
4
Clean the seat bed carefully and check the cylinder head for cracks.
5
Measure the diameter of the valve seat bed in the
cylinder head. Determine whether a standard or
oversize dimension valve seat must be used.
Carry out any necessary machining to the valve
seat bed; refer to Technical Data page 27.
6
Cool the seat in carbon dioxide snow between –
60 °C (–76 °F) and –70 °C (–94 °F) and heat the
cylinder head by flushing with hot water, or by
some other method.
Install the new valve seat using a drift.
P0007003
NOTICE! Align the seat with the seat angle facing
the tool. Check sealing against the valve.
P0007004
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199
21-4 Valve Mechanism
Valve Stem Sealings, Replace
Tools:
9990165 Guide sleeve
9990210 Valve spring compressor
9993590 Rotation tool
Removal
1
Disconnect all current to the engine, by switching
off the main switch.
2
Remove the unit injectors; refer to the removal
section in Unit Injector, Replace page 255.
3
NOTICE! The piston must be at top dead center
when the valves are removed. This is to prevent
the valves from falling down into the cylinder. Use
tool 9993590 Rotation tool.
4
Compress the valve springs for no. 1 cylinder.
Use tool 9990210 Valve spring compressor.
5
Remove the valve washers, valve springs and
collets.
6
Remove the old valve stem seals.
Installation
7
Lubricate the valve stem with engine oil.
Fit tool 9990165 Guide sleeve to the valve stem.
Thread the new seal on and put it over the mandrel. Slide tool 88800151 Drift over the valve stem
and tap the seal down carefully with a plastic mallet.
8
Install the valve springs, valve spring washers
and collets. Carefully tap with a plastic mallet to
make sure the collets end up in the right position.
9
Transfer the valve spring compressor to no. 6 cylinder and repeat the tasks as above. Then crank
the engine so that no.3 and no.4 cylinder are at
TDC.
Repeat the procedure. Then continue with cylinders 2 and 5.
88800151
P0011236
NOTICE! The piston must be at top dead center
when the valves are removed. This is to prevent
the valves from falling down into the cylinder. Use
tool 9993590 Rotation tool.
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10
Install the unit injectors; refer to the installation
section in Unit Injector, Replace page 255.
11
Adjust the valves and unit injectors; refer to
Valves and Unit Injectors, Adjustment page 177.
12
Vent the fuel system; refer to Fuel system, bleeding page 245. Perform a function and leakage
check.
7748841 06-2010
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Camshaft, Wear Check
Rocker bridge removed.
Put a steel rule across the camshaft lobes, parallel with
the camshaft axis, to check whether the cam profiles
have been worn.
Measure the wear with a feeler gauge or wire gauge.
Alternatively, a digital caliper gauge can be used.
Compare the measured values with those specified in
Technical Data page 27.
P0007013
Guidelines for replacement
In normal conditions, unevenness may occur on the surface of engine camshaft lobes. This does not mean that
the camshaft has to be changed. These marks do not
have any negative influence on either engine performance or the durability of the engine and its components.
Examples of acceptable wear and unacceptable wear
are shown below.
Lighter scratches:
Hard wear:
The camshaft does not need to be changed.
IMPORTANT!
The camshaft and associated rocker arms must be
changed.
P0003896
P0003899
P0003898
P0003897
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201
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Camshaft Bearing Housing,
Replace
The factory-installed bearing housings are machined
with the cylinder head and are therefore not replaceable. If a bearing housing is damaged the complete cylinder head must be replaced.
P0007018
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21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Flywheel, Indication
Flywheel exposed; refer to Timing Gear,
Removal page 124.
Tools:
9993590 Rotation tool
9989876 Dial indicator
9999696 Magnetic stand
1
Install 9993590 Rotation tool in order to rotate the
flywheel.
2
Install 9999696 Magnetic stand and 9989876 Dial
indicator with the measuring tip against the flywheel at a measuring radius of around 150 mm
(5.9”).
Rotate the flywheel at least one revolution and
check the min and max deflections on the dial
indicator. The value should not exceed 0.20
mm (0.0079”).
3
If the distortion is greater, and this is not the result
of a damaged surface where the dial indicator is
applied, remove the flywheel and check that there
is no waste material or damage to the contact
flange on the flywheel and crankshaft.
Clean the flanges or change the flywheel if it is
damaged.
Torque the bolts; refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
4
Check using the dial indicator and magnetic stand
again.
Remove the tool.
999 9696
998 9876
P0010194
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203
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Gear Ring, Fywheel: Replace
Flywheel removed.
1
Drill 1–2 holes between teeth on the ring gear.
Split the gear ring at the drilled hole, using a cold
chisel. Lift the gear ring away from the flywheel.
2
Brush the flywheel contact surface clean with a
steel wire brush.
3
Heat the new gear ring up to 180–200°C (356–
392 °F) with a welding torch or in an oven. The
gear ring must be evenly heated. Be careful not
to heat the gear ring up far with annealing as a
result.
Check the heat by polishing the ring bright at several places. Stop heating when the polished surfaces become blued.
4
Put the heated gear ring onto the flywheel and tap
it into place with a soft mandrel and hammer.
Leave the gear ring to cool.
P0006979
P0006980
P0006981
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21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Sensors, Adjustment
Sensor removed.
Tools:
88800031 Measuring tool
1
If the camshaft sensor needs to be adjusted,
rotate the crankshaft so that one tooth on the
camshaft vibration damper is centered in front of
the sensor hole.
2
Remove any shims beneath the sensor.
Clean the tool's contact surface on the engine.
3
Insert 88800031 Measuring tool without tightening the lock screw.
press in the tool firmly so that it is in contact with
the cover. Press in the center part of the tool until
it contacts the gearwheel and tighten the lock
screw.
Rove the tool and inspect the center section position in its sleeve.
4
Determine further actions according to the
following:
88800031
P0010198
If the center section of the tool is entirely below
the sleeve's upper edge, no shims are required.
P0010219
If only the center section upper surface is above
the sleeve's top edge, one shim is required.
P0010218
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205
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
If the two center section surfaces are above the
sleeve's top edge, two shims are required.
P0010220
5
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Install the sensor with a new seal and any shims.
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21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
Main bearing, Change
Oil pan removed
The method describes replacement of main bearings
with the crankshaft in place in the engine
Tools:
9990013 Slide hammer
9990114 Puller
9993590 Rotation tool
Removal
1
Fit tool 9993590 Rotation tool.
2
Remove the oil suction pipe and oil pump.
Remove the bracing frame.
P0006884
P0010124
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207
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
3
Remove one bearing cap.
4
Remove the upper main bearing shell by putting
a pin in the crankshaft oil hole and rolling the
bearing shell out by turning the crankshaft in the
direction of rotation with tool 9993590 Rotation
tool.
5
Clean and check the bearing seat, bearing cap,
shaft journal and bearing shell.
If the bearing has seized, the reason must be
determined before a new bearing is installed.
6
Check that the correct bearing dimension is used
when the bearing shells are changed.
P0006970
NOTICE! If case of uncertainty, check in Technical Data page 27 which oversize dimensions are
available.
P0006971
Installation
7
Lubricate the shaft journal and the new bearing
shells with engine oil.
8
Install the upper bearing shell by turning the
crankshaft using tool 9993590 Rotation tool
against the direction of rotation with the pin in the
oil hole.
NOTICE! Check that the pressed-out bearing
shell heel is correctly aligned in the bearing seat
cutout.
Make sure that the upper bearing shells (those to
be located in the engine block) are equipped with
oil holes.
P0006972
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NOTICE! Remove the pin when done.
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21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
9
Fit the main bearing cap together with the lower
bearing shell.
NOTICE! The main bearing caps are asymmetric
and can only be installed in one position. Note the
main bearing cap numbers showing their locations if several caps are removed simultaneously.
Torque the caps in two steps as specified; refer
to Technical Data page 27.
10
Change the other bearing shells, one a time, in
the same way as the first one. Each time a
changed is made, check that the crankshaft does
not seize by turning it using tool 9993590 Rotation
tool.
11
Check crankshaft end float and replace the thrust
washers if the clearance is too great or if the thrust
washers are damaged.
P0006973
NOTICE! Measure the end float with a dial gauge.
Thrust bearings are available in a number of oversize dimensions. Refer to Technical
Data page 27 for oversize dimensions and axial
play.
The crankshaft thrust bearing is located in the
center main bearing.
12
Use a narrow plastic or wood stick to remove the
thrust bearing washers from the cylinder block
bearing seat.
NOTICE! The thrust washers can only be placed
in one position.
P0006974
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209
21-5 Timing Gears and Shaft
P0006975
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13
Check the axial play of the crankshaft when all
main bearing caps have been torqued; refer to
Technical Data page 27 for specification.
14
Install the bracing frame and torque according to
the tightening chart; refer to Technical
Data page 27.
15
Install the oil pump and oil suction pipe.
16
Remove tool 9993590 Rotation tool from the flywheel housing and install the cover.
17
Install the oil pan.
Add oil and change the oil filter.
Check the oil pressure.
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
21-6 Crank Mechanism
Crankshaft seal, replace (front)
Tools:
9990192 Puller
9992000 Handle
9993590 Rotation tool
9996400 Slide hammer
88800021 Drift
Removal
1
Drain the coolant; refer to Draining the Cooling
System page 278.
2
Remove the radiator, where fitted.
IMPORTANT!
Do not lay the fan down. Oil may run out that cannot run back in again.
3
Remove the cooling fan.
4
Remove the right belt guard; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
5
Remove the belts. For the drive belt, refer to Drive
Belts page 290.
For the alternator belt, refer to Alternator Belts,
Change page 298.
6
Remove the automatic belt tensioner.
P0004682
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211
21-6 Crank Mechanism
7
Where necessary, use tool 9993590 Rotation
tool as a counterhold.
8
Remove the bolts to the outer oscillation damper.
9
NOTICE! The oscillation damper weighs approx.
15 kg. Make sure that it is not damaged.
P0004786
Carefully remove the outer vibration damper.
P0004785
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
10
NOTICE! The inner belt pulley / vibration damper
is heavy. Handle with care.
Remove the two bolts to the hub and belt pulley.
P0004787
11
Remove the hub and outer and inner belt pulley /
vibration damper.
P0004788
Alternative 1, seal removal
12
Fit tool 88800021 Drift.
13
Drill two holes Ø3.5 mm in the seal with the aid of
the guide hole in the tool. Bush grease on the drill
to prevent dirt from getting into the engine.
14
Screw in two suitable sheet metal screws (1),
length approx. 50 mm, through the holes in the
tool, so that they fasten firmly in the seal.
15
Fit two long-threaded M10x60 bolts (2) and screw
them in until the seal releases.
P0004789
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213
21-6 Crank Mechanism
Alternative 2, seal removal
16
NOTICE! Incline the tool to ensure that the crankshaft is not damaged.
Assemble tool 9996400 Slide hammer and tool
9990192 Puller.
Remove the old seal by tapping in a puller inside
the seal and pulling it out with a slide hammer.
P0004790
Installation
9992000 Handle
9993590 Rotation tool
88800021 Drift.
17
Check that the plastic ring is correctly in place in
the new seal.
NOTICE! If the plastic ring is not in place in the
new seal, the seal ring may be damaged and
must not be used.
18
Clean the crankshaft sealing surface and cover.
Check that these are damage free.
19
Install the new seal ring and plastic ring onto the
crankshaft journal.
P0004791
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
20
Press the seal toward the cover by hand.
21
Remove the plastic ring.
P0004792
P0004793
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215
21-6 Crank Mechanism
22
Carefully tap in the new seal until it bottoms
against the crankshaft journal. Remove the tool.
23
Make sure that the crankshaft, belt pulleys and
hub mating surfaces are clean and damage free.
24
Fit the inner belt pulley / vibration damper.
25
Install the outer belt pulley.
26
Install the hub.
27
Where necessary, use tool 9993590 Rotation
tool as a counterhold.
P0004794
P0004786
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
28
Install the two bolts to the hub.
Torque the bolts according to specifications:
Refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
29
Ensure that the outer oscillation damper surfaces
are clean and damage free.
30
Install the outer oscillation damper.
31
Torque the oscillation damper bolts according to
specifications: Refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
P0004787
P0004785
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217
21-6 Crank Mechanism
32
Install the belt tensioner.
33
Install the alternator belt: Refer to Alternator
Belts, Change page 298.
34
Install the drive belt: Refer to 703, Drive Belt,
Change.
35
Ensure the belts track in their grooves.
36
Install the right belt guard: Refer to Belt Protector page 296.
37
Install the cooling fan.
38
Install the radiator, where fitted.
39
Refill with coolant: Refer to Coolant Level, Checking and Topping Up page 280.
P0004682
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7748841 06-2010
21-6 Crank Mechanism
Crankshaft Sealing, Change (rear)
Tools:
9990166 Mounting tool
9990192 Puller
9996400 Slide hammer
Removal
1
Remove the flywheel sensor.
P0004796
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219
21-6 Crank Mechanism
2
Remove all bolts from the flywheel, with the
exception of the upper bolt.
3
Install lifting eyes and straps to the flywheel.
NOTICE! Lock the lifting device.
4
Remove the last bolt and lift away the flywheel.
5
Fit 9996400 Slide hammer and 9990192 Puller
Check that the tools are free from burrs and
grime.
6
NOTICE! Be careful not to damage the crankshaft. Incline the tool inwards to ensure a good
grip in the seal.
P0004795
Knock out the seal.
P0004954
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
Installation
9990166 Mounting tool
7
NOTICE! Clean the seal seat in the flywheel
housing and the sealing surface on the crankshaft.
NOTICE! Ensure that the plate locates correctly
on the crankshaft guide pin and bottoms firmly
against the crankshaft before the bolts are tightened.
Fit 9990166 Mounting tool onto the crankshaft
and screw it in place.
8
Fit the spacer ring to the pin bolt.
NOTICE! The spacer ring determines how far in
the seal must be.
P0004960
9
The seal is supplied with a plastic installation ring.
The plastic ring must not be removed from the
seal.
P0004957
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221
21-6 Crank Mechanism
10
Install the seal without removing the installation
ring.
11
Install the cover together with its handle.
Press in the seal by rotating the handle.
P0004959
NOTICE! When the cover bottoms the seal is in
the correct position.
12
Remove the tool and the installation ring.
P0004958
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
13
Offer the flywheel into place and fit the key in the
keyway.
Install one bolt to render the lift safe.
14
Install the remainder of the bolts.
Torque according to specifications: Refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
15
Install the flywheel sensor.
P0004795
P0004796
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223
21-6 Crank Mechanism
Crankshaft, Inspection
The crankshaft is induction hardened.
Inspect the crankshaft very carefully to avoid unnecessary overhaul.
The following applies when the need for overhaul is
checked:
1
Clean the crankshaft carefully.
Measure the bearing journals' out-of-round, wear
and taper. Refer to Technical Data page 27 for
specifications.
2
Check whether there is any surface damage on
the bearing journals. If there is any damage on
the surface layer, the shaft must be re-ground.
3
Place the shaft pair of V-blocks, under 1st and 7th
main bearing journals. Alternatively, hold the
crankshaft between the two centers.
4
Measure crankshaft axial displacement (throw)
on the 4th main bearing.
For maximum permissible values, refer to Technical Data page 27.
IMPORTANT!
Crankshaft straightening is not permitted.
5
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Check for cracks before and after any grinding.
Magnetic powder testing is used for this test, i.e.
fluorescent powder which is viewed under ultraviolet light.
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
Main bearing, Change
Oil pan removed
The method describes replacement of main bearings
with the crankshaft in place in the engine
Tools:
9990013 Slide hammer
9990114 Puller
(missing tool)
Removal
1
Fit tool (missing toolreference).
2
Remove the oil suction pipe and oil pump.
Remove the bracing frame.
P0006884
P0010124
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225
21-6 Crank Mechanism
3
Remove one bearing cap.
4
Remove the upper main bearing shell by putting
a pin in the crankshaft oil hole and rolling the
bearing shell out by turning the crankshaft in the
direction of rotation with tool (missing toolreference).
5
Clean and check the bearing seat, bearing cap,
shaft journal and bearing shell.
If the bearing has seized, the reason must be
determined before a new bearing is installed.
6
Check that the correct bearing dimension is used
when the bearing shells are changed.
P0006970
NOTICE! If case of uncertainty, check in Technical Data page 27 which oversize dimensions are
available.
P0006971
Installation
7
Lubricate the shaft journal and the new bearing
shells with engine oil.
8
Install the upper bearing shell by turning the
crankshaft using tool (missing toolreference)
against the direction of rotation with the pin in the
oil hole.
NOTICE! Check that the pressed-out bearing
shell heel is correctly aligned in the bearing seat
cutout.
Make sure that the upper bearing shells (those to
be located in the engine block) are equipped with
oil holes.
P0006972
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NOTICE! Remove the pin when done.
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21-6 Crank Mechanism
9
Fit the main bearing cap together with the lower
bearing shell.
NOTICE! The main bearing caps are asymmetric
and can only be installed in one position. Note the
main bearing cap numbers showing their locations if several caps are removed simultaneously.
Torque the caps in two steps as specified; refer
to Technical Data page 27.
10
Change the other bearing shells, one a time, in
the same way as the first one. Each time a
changed is made, check that the crankshaft does
not seize by turning it using tool (missing toolreference).
11
Check crankshaft end float and replace the thrust
washers if the clearance is too great or if the thrust
washers are damaged.
P0006973
NOTICE! Measure the end float with a dial gauge.
Thrust bearings are available in a number of oversize dimensions. Refer to Technical
Data page 27 for oversize dimensions and axial
play.
The crankshaft thrust bearing is located in the
center main bearing.
12
Use a narrow plastic or wood stick to remove the
thrust bearing washers from the cylinder block
bearing seat.
NOTICE! The thrust washers can only be placed
in one position.
P0006974
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227
21-6 Crank Mechanism
P0006975
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13
Check the axial play of the crankshaft when all
main bearing caps have been torqued; refer to
Technical Data page 27 for specification.
14
Install the bracing frame and torque according to
the tightening chart; refer to Technical
Data page 27.
15
Install the oil pump and oil suction pipe.
16
Remove tool (missing toolreference) from the flywheel housing and install the cover.
17
Install the oil pan.
Add oil and change the oil filter.
Check the oil pressure.
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22-1 Oil pump and Line
22-1 Oil pump and Line
Lubrication Oil Pump, Change
Engine oil drained.
Removal
1
Remove the oil filler with attachment and the oil
dipstick.
Remove the oil level sensor connector.
2
Remove the oil sump bolts and remove the sump.
3
Remove the oil filters.
P0010122
P0010454
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229
22-1 Oil pump and Line
4
Remove the suction strainer and the pipe to the
pump. remove the delivery pipe from the pump.
Remove the connection pipe.
5
Remove the reinforcement plate.
P0010535
CAUTION!
Cutting hazard! Protect your hands!
P0010536
6
Remove the oil pump.
P0010536
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22-1 Oil pump and Line
Installation
7
Install the oil pump by meshing the gearwheels
and tightening the bolts.
8
Install the reinforcement plate with new bolts.
CAUTION!
Cutting hazard! Protect your hands!
P0010536
9
Use new seals for all pipes.
Install the delivery pipe from the pump. Install the
connection pipe.
Tighten all bolts to the reinforcement plate in the
sequence and torques according to Special
Tightening Torques page 8.
Install the suction strainer and pipe to the oil
pump.
P0010535
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231
22-1 Oil pump and Line
10
Clean the oil sump thoroughly. Check to see if the
oil sump rubber seal requires replacement.
Cut away excess sealant from the front crankshaft seal cover. Cut away excess sealant from
the timing plate and the flywheel housing. Apply
new sealant to the joints and install the oil sump
within 20 min.
11
Tighten the oil sump bolts and install the engine
mount and tighten according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
Install new oil filters. Fill with engine oil.
P0010147
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7748841 06-2010
22-2 Oil filter
22-2 Oil filter
Oil Pressure Sensor, Check
If you suspect that the oil pressure sensor reads incorrectly, check the oil pressure with an external pressure sensor.
The pressure sensor is located behind the control unit;
refer to Engine Placement.
Tools:
9996398 Manometer
9998493 Hose
9990263 Nipple
1
Check the oil pressure with an external pressure
gauge and compare values with the specification
in Technical Data page 40.
2
Remove the plug and attach 9990263 Nipple.
3
Install 9996398 Manometer.
4
Start the engine and check the oil pressure.
If the oil pressure measurement shows that the
pressure is below the minimum value as specified, continue troubleshooting by checking the oil
filters.
If the oil pressure measurement using an external
pressure sensor shows that the pressure is within
tolerance, but the engine's regular pressure sensor does not, replace the pressure sensor.
5
Remove the hose and pressure gauge.
6
Install the plug with a new seal washer
P0010243
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233
22-2 Oil filter
Oil Filter Bracket, Change
Removal
1
Clean the oil filter bracket and surrounding surfaces.
2
Remove the front oil pipe (1) located between the
oil cooler and filter bracket. Remove the oil hose
(2) to the turbocharger.
Remove the pressure sensor connector (3).
3
Remove the rear oil pipe located between the oil
cooler and filter bracket.
P0010000
P0009999
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22-2 Oil filter
4
Remove the oil filters.
5
Remove the bolt to the coolant drain line. Remove
the bolts on the filter bracket (7 pcs.).
Remove the bracket.
Remove the gasket.
P0010001
Installation
6
Move over the parts that are to be reused to the
new bracket.
7
Thoroughly clean the engine block contact surfaces for the bracket.
P0010002
IMPORTANT!
Sealant may absolutely not be used. The use of
sealant may result in engine breakdown.
P0010003
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235
22-2 Oil filter
8
Install a new gasket and screw in the lower front
bolt a couple of turns.
9
Lift up the back edge of the sea; and suspend the
bracket from the front bolt (1). Fit a bolt (2) to the
rear end.
Install the remaining bolts and tighten them.
Install the bolt (3) to the coolant drain line.
10
Install the front and rear pipes to the oil cooler with
new seals. Install the hose to the turbocharger
with a new seal.
Install the pressure sensor connector. Clamp the
heat shield to the pressure sensor.
Install new oil filters.
Clamp the hose to the waste gate controller.
11
Replenish or change the oil.
12
Start the engine and check oil system function
and integrity.
13
Switch the engine off and check the oil level.
P0010004
P0010005
P0010006
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22-2 Oil filter
Safety Valve, Oil Pressure, Replace
Tools:
9998598 Sleeve
1
Clean round the safety valve.
2
Remove the safety valve cover using
9998598 Sleeve.
3
Remove the safety valve and make sure the Orings come with it.
Check that there is no dirt on the valve sealing
surface on the engine block.
4
Install a new O-ring on the valve cover. Brush a
little grease on the O-ring and press it in place so
that it is secure.
5
Install the valve half way into the cover.
P0010334
P0010335
P0010336
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237
22-2 Oil filter
6
Guide the valve into the engine block and fasten
the cover. The cover should be easy to screw
down all the way until the O-rings bottom.
Tighten according to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
7
Start the engine and check that no oil leakage is
present.
P0010334
Bypass Valve, Oil Filter Bypass,
Replace
1
Remove the oil filter bracket (refer to Oil Filter
Bracket, Change page 234) in order to gain
access to the overflow valve.
2
Remove the overflow valve plug.
Remove the seal washer, spring and valve body
and replace with new parts.
Clean the oil channels and check the seal seat in
the bracket.
Install the valve body with the spring and the plug
with the seal washer.
3
Install the oil filter bracket with a new seal; refer
to Oil Filter Bracket, Change page 234.
P00010341
P0010342
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IMPORTANT!
No sealant may be used. The use of sealant may
result in engine breakdown.
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22-3 Oil cooler
22-3 Oil cooler
Oil Cooler, Replace
Coolant drained.
Removal
1
Remove the pipe between the air cleaner and the
turbocharger.
2
Remove the heat shield.
3
Remove the oil pipe to the oil cooler. Remove the
coolant drain pipe.
Remove the thermostat housing bolts. One of the
rear bolts is saved until last.
One bolt behind the water pump must remain in
place in the cover when the former is removed.
Carefully prise the cover away from the engine
block. Lift the cover and oil cooler away to the
rear.
P0009970
P0009971
P0009972
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22-3 Oil cooler
4
Remove the oil cooler cover plate.
5
Remove the oil cooler.
6
Remove the two seal rings.
7
Clean all sealing surfaces.
P0009973
P0009974
P0009975
P0009976
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22-3 Oil cooler
8
Check the front seal against the water pump and
replace as necessary.
P0009977
Installation
9
Install new seal rings on the oil cooler.
10
Install the oil cooler.
11
Install the oil cooler plate.
P0009975
P0009974
P0009973
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241
22-3 Oil cooler
12
Check the cover seal. If it needs to be replaced,
then:
Clean the groove for the seal thoroughly. Apply a
thin bead of sealant 1161771 in the groove, max
20 min. before the cover is installed. Spread out
the sealant with a finger so that only a thin layer
is in the groove.
Press the new seal into the groove. Make sure the
seal's flat surface reaches the bottom of the
groove.
13
Install bolt (1) which will end up behind the water
pump in the cover. Lift the cover into place. Install
a bolt (2) in the oval hole.
14
Press the cover forward and install another bolt.
Install the remaining bolts and tighten them
according to the chart in Special Tightening Torques page 8.
15
Install the oil pipes with new seals and tighten
them. install the coolant drain pipe.
16
Fill the cooling system, pressure test and check
integrity; refer to Cooling System, Pressure Testing page 108.
P0010538
2
1
P0009978
P0009979
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22-3 Oil cooler
17
Install the heat shield.
18
Install the pipe between the turbocharger and the
air cleaner. Check the engine oil level and top up
if necessary.
P0009971
Thermostat Oil Cooler, Change
1
Clean the surface around the thermostat.
2
Remove the thermostat housing bolts. Remove
the thermostat and O-ring.
P0010338
P0010339
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22-3 Oil cooler
3
Check that there is no dirt in the oil ducts.
Clean the O-ring groove.
4
Install a new O-ring in the groove. Install a new
thermostat.
Tighten the bolts.
5
Start the engine and check that no oil leakage is
present.
P0010340
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23-0 Fuel System, General
23-0 Fuel System, General
Fuel system, bleeding
1
Check that there is sufficient fuel in the tank, and
that any fuel taps are open.
2
Twist the hand pump free from the fuel filter
bracket.
3
Open the nipple on the front fuel connection. Connect a drain hose.
4
Purge the fuel system by pumping with the hand
pump until fuel flows. Close the nipple and secure
the hand pump.
5
Start the engine and allow it to idle fast for about
10 minutes.
6
Perform a leakage and function check.
P0004969
P0004970
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245
23-0 Fuel System, General
Draining, Fuel Duct in Cylinder Head
IMPORTANT!
Make sure that dirt does not enter the fuel channels
and hoses.
1
Clean around the fuel connections at the cylinder
head rear end.
2
Remove the purging hose screw.
Remove the two clamps.
3
Remove the fuel supply line on the engine topside
(coming from the filter bracket).
Remove the two clamps
P0005062
NOTICE! Do not remove the lower union at the
filter bracket.
P0005061
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23-0 Fuel System, General
4
Allow the hoses to hang into a receptacle.
P0005059
5
IMPORTANT!
Take great care to ensure that dirt does not enter
the fuel channel.
Use a suitable hose and blow the fuel through the
fuel channel in the cylinder head, so that it runs
out into the receptacle.
6
NOTICE! If a compression test must be carried
out, do not connect the fuel lines until the test has
been completed. Otherwise the cylinder head fuel
channels will fill with fuel again.
7
When installing the fuel hoses, use new seals.
P0005060
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
Fuel Feed Pressure, Check
Tools:
9990124 Nipple
9996666 Nipple
9998339 Manometer
1
Install tool:
1 9998339 Manometer
2 9996666 Nipple
3 9990124 Nipple
2
Check that the fuel feed pressure is according to
specifications: Refer to Engine, General page 26.
3
Remove the tool.
Install new fuel line seals.
P0005070
Fuel Filter Bracket, Change
IMPORTANT!
Take great care to keep fuel system unions clean.
Even minimal amounts of dirt can cause engine breakdown.
Removal
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1
Switch off battery power.
2
Thoroughly clean the fuel filter bracket, fuel hoses
and unions, and the area around the bracket.
7748841 06-2010
23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
3
Drain the pre-filter and water separator. Remove
both fuel filters.
Remove the electrical connectors to the pressure
sensor and water sensor.
4
Remove the return fuel line from the bracket.
Remove the pump supply line from the bracket.
5
Remove the inlet line to the bracket. Remove the
pump line from the bracket. Remove the bracket's
rear attachment bolt.
Retain the rubber bushing located behind the
bracket. Remove the supply line banjo bolt.
P0009988
P0009989
P0009990
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
6
Remove the two remaining bracket bolts. Retain
the rubber bushings located behind the bracket.
Lift away the bracket.
P0009989
Installation
7
Move over any parts that are to be reused to the
new bracket.
8
Install two retaining bolts and the rubber bushings
to the bracket (the lower one and the front one).
p0009992
P0009989
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
9
Install and tighten the supply line banjo bolt with
new seals. Install the rubber bushing and the
bracket's rear bolt.
10
Install the upper fuel lines with new seals.
11
Install new fuel filters and connect the connector.
Vent the fuel system. Start the engine and check
fuel system integrity.
P0009990
P0009989
P0009994
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
Fuel Feed Pump, Change
Removal
1
Clean the fuel pump and fuel lines, and the fuel
pump drive device
2
Position a collection container underneath the
pump. Undo the fuel lines at the pump and allow
the fuel to run out into the container.
Remove the bolts that attach the entire unit to the
engine
3
Lift away the pump ad drive.
4
Remove the bolts that attach the pump to the
drive device. Remove the pump.
5
Retain the intermediate section to the drive.
Check that the drive bearings feel serviceable
and that the gearwheel is not damaged.
P0004300
P0010541
P0010543
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
Installation
6
Install a new O-ring for the pump.
Install the intermediate section.
7
Install the new pump. Turn the gearwheel so that
the intermediate piece fits against the pump and
tighten the pump bolts; refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
8
Clean the sealing surfaces and install a new Oring on the drive unit.
P0010542
P0010541
P0010540
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23-3 Fuel Feed Pump and Filter
9
Clean the engine sealing surface.
10
Install the fuel pump on the engine by aligning the
gearwheel into the timing and then tighten the
bolts.
Install the fuel lines with new seals
11
Vent the fuel system; refer to Fuel system, bleeding page 245.
12
Start the engine and check fuel system integrity.
P0010539
P0004300
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
Unit Injector, Replace
Tools:
9988539 Compression meter
9990006 Puller
9990013 Slide hammer
9990185 Lifting tool
9998248 Adapter
9998249 Protective sleeve
9998251 Protection plug
9998599 Cleaning kit
The tool kit 9998599 Cleaning kit includes:
– 9808570 Brush
– 9808616 Extender
– 9998580 Protective sleeve
For valves and unit injector adjustment; refer to Valves
and Unit Injectors, Adjustment page 177.
Removal
1
Remove the ventilation pipe and valve cover.
2
Undo the connectors to the unit injectors and oil
valve.
3
Remove the EGR rocker arm springs.
P0010099
NOTICE! Do not drop the bolts into the timing
gear.
P0010033
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255
23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
4
Remove the rocker arm lubrication valve and oil
pipe.
Undo the rocker arm bridge bolts in stages, equal
amounts each time, to avoid bending the rocker
shaft.
5
Install 9990185 Lifting tool and adjust the holes
for the rocker arms (to keep the rocker arms
together for each cylinder). The higher holders
must be used
Lift the rocker arm bridge away. Make sure the
pistons in the exhaust rocker arms and the
adjuster screw ball do not fall out.
6
Mark and remove the valve yokes.
7
Empty the cylinder head fuel channels; refer to
Draining, Fuel Duct in Cylinder Head page 246.
8
Remove the bolts for the unit injector retaining
yoke.
P0010034
P0004965
6
5
4
3
P0010035
2
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
9990013
9
9990006
Rock a unit injector loose using 9990006 Puller
and 9990013 Slide hammer.
Check that the seal washer (steel washer) comes
out with the injector. If it is still in the copper
sleeve, remove it using 885822 Magnetic pen.
IMPORTANT!
The seal washer must always be replaced when
installing an injector.
P0001370
10
Put the injector in 9998249 Protective sleeve.
11
Insert 9998251 Protection plug in the cylinder
head.
Clean the copper sleeves thoroughly with the aid
of 9998599 Cleaning kit.
999 8249
P0010041
999 8251
P0010042
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
Installation
9990156 Adapter
9996400 Slide hammer
9990185 Lifting tool
3883671 Protective sleeve
3883672 Protective sleeve
12
Remove the protective plug for one unit injector
(where necessary use 9990156 Adapter and
9996400 Slide hammer).
13
Remove the injector from the protective sleeve.
Replace the unit injector O-rings (use
3883671 Protective sleeve and 3883672 Protective sleeve) and install a new steel washer on the
injector sealing surface.
9996400
9990156
P0010061
IMPORTANT!
The steel washer must be replaced every time an
injector is installed.
Install the injector and injector yoke. Turn the
injector so that the wiring connections are exactly
opposite the valve springs.
Install the retaining bolt and tighten according to
Special Tightening Torques page 8.
14
Install the remaining injectors the same way.
P0010062
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
15
Put the valve yoke back in accordance with the
previous marking.
16
Lubricate the valve yokes and the unit injector ball
seats.
Lift the rocker arm bridge into place. Guide all
rocker arms so they arrive in the correct positions.
Make sure that the exhaust rocker arm pistons
and the adjuster screw balls are in place.
Remove the lifting tool from the rocker arm
bridge. Install the rocker arm shaft bolts. Check
that the valve calipers are positioned correctly on
the valve stem.
Tighten the bolts alternately so that the rocker
arm shaft is not bent. Make sure the shaft guides
the locator sleeves on the bearing caps.
Tighten the bolts; refer to Special Tightening Torques page 8.
17
Install the EGR rocker arm springs. Make sure the
springs are positioned correctly on the rocker arm
ball tappet, but do not tighten the bolts (the bolts
are tightened after valve adjustment).
6
5
4
3
P0010035
2
P0004965
P0010033
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
18
Install the valve and rocker arm lubrication oil pipe
with new seals.
19
Adjust the valves and unit injectors; refer to
Valves and Unit Injectors, Adjustment page 177.
20
Install the connectors to the unit injectors and oil
valve. Clamp the wire harness under the valve
cover with original cable ties (heat and oil resistant).
21
Install the valve cover. Replace gasket as necessary. Tighten according to Special Tightening
Torques page 8.
22
Vent the fuel system; refer to Fuel system, bleeding page 245.
P0010034
P0010099
13 12
11
10
1
15
16
17
18
19
14
9
8
7
6
2
3
4
5
20
p0005236
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
Copper sleeve for unit injector,
replace
Unit injector removed; refer to Unit Injector,
Replace page 255.
Tools:
1159794 Torque wrench
9809668 Extractor
9809667 Thread tap
9998580 Protective sleeve
9996049 Draining hose
9998250 Sealing ring
9998251 Protection plug
9998252 Thread cutting tool
9998599 Cleaning kit
88800191 Extractor
88800196 Drift
1
Drain the coolant with the aid of a hose, tool
9996049 Draining hose; refer to Draining the
Cooling System page 278.
2
If necessary, remove tool 9998251 Protection
plug.
3
Install 2 seal rings, tool 9998250 Sealing ring, to
prevent dirt from getting into the fuel ducts when
the copper sleeve is removed.
999 8251
NOTICE! Ensure that the piston is in its lower
position.
P0010042
4
Lubricate the tap, tool 9809667 Thread tap (M9)
with grease in order to prevent swarf from falling
into the cylinder.
Screw the tap at least 20 mm (0.8") into the copper sleeve, using tool 9998252 Thread cutting
tool.
NOTICE! Use thread tap 9809667.
5
Remove tool 9998252 Thread cutting tool and the
tap.
P0006826
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
6
Check that the tap, tool 9809668 Extractor (M9)
is installed on tool 88800191 Extractor. Screw the
tap in on tool 88800191 Extractor17 mm (0.67”)
(A). Screw the tool all the way to the bottom of the
copper sleeve.
7
Remove the copper sleeve by turning the nut at
the same time as the pin is held secure.
8
Use cleaning kit, tool 9998599 Cleaning kit and a
power drill before fitting the new copper sleeve.
Install tool 9998580 Protective sleeve in the injector hole and secure it with a holder.
IMPORTANT!
Tool 9998580 Protective sleeve must be used to
prevent dirt from getting into the fuel duct.
9
Clean the cylinder head walls for the copper
sleeve with part no. 9808618.
P0007010
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
10
Clean the copper sleeve seat with brush no.
9808614 together with the handle and holders.
11
Clean the cylinder head hole with brush no.
9808617.
12
Remove tool 9998580 Protective sleeve. Make
sure the O-ring is removed.
13
Check that the piston is at bottom dead center.
P0007011
999 8580
980 8617
IMPORTANT!
This must be done so that tool no. 9998688 does
not damage the piston due to its length.
P0007012
14
Always use the new version copper sleeve with
two grooves at the upper edge, when replacing.
IMPORTANT!
The steel gasket supplied with the new copper
sleeve must be used when installing the unit injector.
Lubricate the O-ring on the copper sleeve with
soapy water.
IMPORTANT!
Always use a new O-ring.
P0010239
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
15
Put the copper sleeve on tool no. 88800196.
The steel gasket may not be used when installing
the copper sleeve. It may only be used when
installing the unit injector.
Oil the pin on the tool.
NOTICE! The tool only fits the new version copper sleeve.
88800196
P0003616
88800196
16
Place 88800196 together with the copper sleeve
in the cylinder head. Make sure the copper sleeve
bottoms in the cylinder head.
Install the unit injector yoke.
Use tool 1159794 Torque wrench to press in the
copper sleeve; torque 80 Nm (59 lbf ft).
P0003617
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23-7 Injectors and Delivery Pipes
88800196
17
By holding the tap and turning the nut, the tap is
drawn onto tool 88800196 through the copper
sleeve tip.
Remove tool 88800196.
18
Remove the protective rings, tools (2 pcs.)
9998250 Sealing ring.
19
Install the unit injectors with washer; refer to Unit
Injector, Replace page 255.
20
Put the valve yoke back in accordance with the
marking.
21
Install the rocker arm bridge and check the clearance of the valves and unit injectors.
22
Install the valve cover.
23
Fill up with coolant and check that no leakage
occurs. Refer also to Coolant Level, Checking
and Topping Up page 280.
P0003618
9998250
P0003619
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265
23-8 Control System, ECM, Data Sets
23-8 Control System, ECM, Data Sets
Control Unit, Replace
NOTICE! Before the control unit is replaced and any
warranty claim made, all checks in the check list must
be performed, to exclude any defect in the engine control system. If the measurements of the cable harness
show defects, it is highly likely that the control unit is
fault free. Refer to the “Service Manual, EMS 2”.
!
WARNING!
Faulty individual control unit settings may result in
injury to persons or damage to the engine. For information about reprogramming and reading of software,
refer to “Service manual, EMS 2”
IMPORTANT!
Exchange of control units between engines, during
fault tracing or repair, must never be performed under
any circumstances.
1
Clean thoroughly around the control unit fuel connections.
2
Disconnect power from the engine by disconnecting the negative battery terminal.
3
Remove the lower part of the crankcase breather
pipe.
4
Remove the upper and lower cable harness
clamps.
5
Remove the control unit cable harness by moving
the connector block retaining clips outwards.
6
Remove the upper and lower fuel connections to
the cooling element; plug the fuel lines.
7
Remove the control unit retaining bolts and
remove the control unit.
P0010470
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23-8 Control System, ECM, Data Sets
8
Transfer the cooling element to the new control
unit. Make sure that the surface between the
cooling element and the control unit is clean.
9
Install the new control unit.
10
Connect the upper and lower fuel connections to
the cooling element with new sealing washers.
11
Install the harness and clamps.
12
Install the crank case breather lower pipe.
13
Bleed the fuel system. Refer to Fuel system,
bleeding page 245.
Start the engine and check for error codes. Refer
to the “Service Manual, EMS 2”.
P0010470
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267
25-0 Inlet and Exhaust System, General
25-0 Inlet and Exhaust System, General
Charge Air Pipe, Leakage Check
1
Inspect the charge air pipes for visible cracks and
external damage.
2
Check that there is no oil in the charge air pipes.
If the pipes are damaged or the union seal rings
leak, the charge pressure will be too low and
engine performance will be affected. If the pipes
are contaminated with oil on the inside, this indicates oil leakage in the turbocharger turbine shaft
seal. In this case, the turbocharger should be
changed as a unit.
NOTICE! If there is any oil in the charge air pipes and
charge air hoses, the charge air cooler and all pipes
and hoses in the charge air system must be cleaned
very carefully before the engine is started.
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25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
Inlet Manifold, Change
Removal
1
Switch off battery power to the engine.
Remove the hose between the inlet pipe and the
charge air cooler.
2
Remove the hose to the waste gate actuator.
3
Remove the connection to the engine control unit
and the wire harness clamps.
Remove the relay holder and stop button bolts.
Remove the wire harness clamp bolts.
P0009981
P0009983
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25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
4
Remove the connector to the charge air pressure
sensor and undo the cable ties. Remove the
crankcase ventilation pipe.
5
Remove the bolts for the fuel hose holders and
place the holders on the valve cover. Remove the
inlet pipe bolts and lift away the pipe.
P0009984
P0009985
Installation
6
Inspect and clean the sealing surfaces on the cylinder head and inlet manifold.
P0009987
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25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
7
Install two pcs. 885519 Guide pin on the cylinder
head.
8
If the seal on the inlet manifold needs replacing;
scrape away all of the old sealant and carefully
clean the groove for the new sealant so that no
oil or sealant residue remains.
Apply a thin bead of sealant 1161771 in the
groove max. 20 mins. before the inlet manifold is
installed.
9
Spread out the sealant with a finger so that only
a thin layer is in the groove.
10
Press the new seal into the groove. Make sure
that the seal joint arrives in the intended notch
and that the seal's flat surface reaches the bottom
of the groove.
P0010332
P0010241
P0010242
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271
25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
11
Guide the inlet manifold on the locator pins and
fasten the manifold together with the fuel line
holders.
12
Install the crankcase ventilation pipe.
Install the connector for the charge air pressure
sensor and secure the wiring with cable ties.
13
Install the relay holder on the engine block and
bolt the wire harness to the inlet manifold. Install
the connectors to the engine control unit and the
wire harness clamps.
P0010333
P0009984
P0009983
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25-1 Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds
14
Install the waste gate actuator hose.
15
Install the hose between the charge air cooler and
the inlet pipe.
16
Switch on battery power and start the engine.
17
Check inlet manifold airtight integrity.
P0009981
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273
25-5 Turbocharger
25-5 Turbocharger
Turbocharger, Inspection
274
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1
Check that the turbocharger part number is correct for the engine variant. The wrong turbocharger for the engine variant might not provide
enough charge pressure, which would reduce
engine power.
2
Check that the turbocharger has the correct compressor housing. If the wrong compressor housing is installed on the turbocharger, the compressor wheel might have been damaged or have too
much clearance between wheel and housing. In
both cases, charge air pressure will be too low.
3
Remove the inlet manifold from the turbocharger.
4
Check the turbocharger for damage to the compressor wheel and excessive end float on the turbine shaft.
5
If there is any damage on the compressor wheel
or excessive end float on the turbine shaft, the
turbocharger must be changed as a unit.
6
Remove the exhaust pipe (muffler) from the turbocharger and check the turbine disc.
7
Check the turbine wheel for damage. If the turbine
wheel is damaged, the turbocharger must be
changed as a unit.
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25-5 Turbocharger
Turbo, Change
Removal
1
Remove the heat shield, if fitted.
2
Remove the pipe between the air filter and the
turbocharger.
3
Remove the pipe between the turbocharger and
the charge air cooler.
4
Remove the exhaust pipe/muffler.
5
Remove the hose heat shield (1) and lay it to one
side.
6
Remove the hose (2) to the waste gate actuator.
7
Remove the oil supply pipes (3) from the turbocharger.
8
Remove the oil supply pipe (4) and the union by
undoing the bolts beneath the turbocharger.
Pull the pipe from the engine block.
P0004694
P0004693
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275
25-5 Turbocharger
9
Remove the nuts and spacers from the turbocharger.
10
Lift away the turbocharger.
11
Remove the gasket and check the exhaust manifold sealing surface.
Blow through the manifold and check that there is
no contamination in the pipe.
Install a new gasket on the exhaust manifold
P0004784
P0004783
Installation
12
Lift the turbocharger into position. Install the
spacer sleeves and nuts and fasten the turbocharger; refer to General Tightening Torques page 7.
P0004784
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25-5 Turbocharger
P0004693
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13
Replace the seals on the oil return pipe (4) and
re-install it.
14
Fill the turbocharger with new, clean engine oil
and install the oil delivery hose (3) with a new
gasket.
15
Install the hose (2) to the waste gate actuator.
Move the heat shield (1) to its correct position and
clamp in place.
16
Check that the turbocharger inlet pipe is thoroughly clean internally before it is installed
between the air filter and turbocharger.
Check that the pipe between the turbocharger
and charge air cooler is clean internally. if there
is contamination in the pipe, the charge air cooler
also requires internal cleaning.
Install the pipe between the turbocharger and the
charge air cooler.
Install the exhaust system.
Start the engine and check that no leakage is evident.
277
26-0 Cooling System, General
26-0 Cooling System, General
Draining the Cooling System
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm, except in emergencies, this could cause serious
personal injury. Steam or hot fluid could spray out.
IMPORTANT!
On engines which are to be laid up or put in storage,
the engine cooling system must not be drained. The
coolant contains corrosion-inhibiting additives.
Tools:
9996049 Draining hose
NOTICE! Do not open the pressure cap (2).
1
1
Remove the filler cap (1).
2
Open all drain points. Drain the coolant from the
radiator and engine block, using tool
9996049 Draining hose. The drain nipples are situated under the radiator on the right side of the
engine block.
3
Check that all coolant drains out. Deposits may
be found inside the drain plug/tap, and need to be
cleared away. There is otherwise a risk that coolant could remain and cause frost damage. Check
whether the installation has any further taps or
plugs at the lowest points of the cooling water
lines.
4
Shut any taps and check that the spring-loaded
covers on the nipples close completely. Install the
rubber plugs.
2
P0002095
P0006865
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26-0 Cooling System, General
Cooling System, Cleaning
WARNING!
All coolant is hazardous and harmful to the environment. Do not consume. Coolant is flammable.
Cooling performance is reduced by deposits in the
radiator and cooling galleries. The cooling system
should be cleaned out when the coolant is changed.
IMPORTANT!
Cleaning must not be done if there is any risk of the
cooling system freezing, since the cleaning solution
does not have antifreeze properties.
IMPORTANT!
It is extremely important that the correct concentration
and volume of coolant is added to the system. Mix in a
separate clean vessel before filling the cooling system.
Make sure that the liquids mix.
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1
Drain the cooling system. Refer to Draining the
Cooling System page 278.
2
Put a hose into the expansion tank filling hole and
flush with clean water, according to specifications
in Technical Data page 44, until the water draining out is completely clear.
3
Should there still be some contamination left after
flushing for a long time, cleaning may be done
with coolant. Otherwise, continue as in stage 8
below.
4
Fill the cooling system with 15-20% mixture of
concentrated coolant. Use only Volvo Penta recommended concentrated coolant mixed with
clean water.
5
Drain the coolant after 1–2 days of operation.
Remove the filler cap and the lower radiator hose
if necessary to increase emptying speed.
To prevent suspended material from settling back
in the system, emptying should be done rapidly,
within 10 minutes, without the engine having
been at a standstill for a long time.
6
Flush the system immediately and thoroughly
with clean hot water to prevent dirt from settling
on the inner surfaces. Flush until the water running out is completely clean. Make sure that any
heater controls are set to full heating during emptying.
7
Should contamination still remain after a long
period of flushing, a clean-out may be done using
Volvo Penta radiator cleaner, followed by treatment with Volvo Penta neutralizer. Carefully follow the instructions on the package. Otherwise,
continue as in stage 8 below.
8
When the cooling system is completely free from
contamination, close the drain taps and plugs.
279
26-0 Cooling System, General
9
Refill with new, Volvo Penta-recommended cooling fluid. Refer to Technical Data page 44 and
Coolant Level, Checking and Topping
Up page 280.
Coolant Level, Checking and
Topping Up
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm, except in emergencies, this could cause serious
personal injury. Steam or hot fluid could spray out.
IMPORTANT!
Filling of coolant must be performed with the engine
stopped. Fill slowly, to allow air to flow out.
Coolant Level, Checking and Topping Up
IMPORTANT!
Only use the coolant recommended by Volvo Penta.
1
1
NOTICE! Open only the filler cap (1). Do not open
the pressure cap (2).
2
Check that the coolant level is above the MIN
mark on the expansion tank.
3
Top up with coolant as required, so that the level
is between the MIN and MAX marks.
2
P0002095
Filling a completely empty system
NOTICE! Mix the correct amount of coolant in
advance, to ensure that the cooling system is completely filled. Refer to Technical Data page 44 for the
correct coolant volume.
IMPORTANT!
Do not start the engine until the system is vented and
completely filled.
1
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Check that all drain points are closed.
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26-0 Cooling System, General
1
2
Open the filler cap (1). Do not open the pressure
cap (2).
3
Fill up with coolant, so that the level is between
the MIN and MAX marks.
4
Start the engine when the cooling system has
been completely filled and vented. Open any
venting taps a short while after starting, to allow
trapped air to escape.
If a heating unit is connected to the engine cooling
system, the heat control valve should be opened
and the installation vented during filling.
5
Stop the engine after about an hour and check
the coolant level. Top up as necessary.
2
P0002095
Cooling System, Pressure Testing
Alternative 1
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
3849613 Pressure testing kit
1
Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Replace the filler cap on the expansion tank with
a suitable cover from 3849613 Pressure testing
kit.
4
Connect the pump and pump up a pressure of 70
kPa (0.7 bar).
5
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
6
Release the excess pressure and remove the
pressure testing unit.
7
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
Install the regular filler cap.
8
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
P0010195
Alternative 2
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
9996441 Cover, with connecting nipple
9996662 Pressure testing kit
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281
26-0 Cooling System, General
1
Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Replace the filler cap with 9996441 Cover, with
connecting nipple. Connect 9996662 Pressure
testing kit to the cap. Connect compressed air to
the equipment and open the cock. Adjust the
pressure to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) with the adjuster
knob. Then close the tap.
4
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
5
Release the excess pressure and remove the
pressure testing unit.
6
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
Install the regular filler cap.
7
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
P0010196
Alternative 3
WARNING!
Do not open the coolant filler cap when the engine is
warm. Steam or hot fluid could spray out, causing
severe burns.
Tools:
9996662 Pressure testing kit
9996049 Draining hose
1
P0010197
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1
Check that all hoses and clamps are undamaged
and intact.
2
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
3
Connect 9996662 Pressure testing kit to
9996049 Draining hose and close the cock. Connect the hose to the engine drain valve (1).
Open the cock and adjust the pressure to 70 kPa
(0.7 bar) with the adjuster knob. Then close the
tap.
4
Pressure must not drop for a two minute test
period, for the cooling system to be regarded as
being free from leakage.
5
Open the cock and increase the pressure until the
filler cap opens (must correspond to opening
pressure according to Technical Data page 44).
Reduce the pressure to 50 kPa (0.5 bar) and then
increase to 70 kPa (0.7 bar) and check that pressure is maintained.
6
Remove the compressed air connection. Open
the control valve so that the pressure drops and
shut the cock when coolant runs into the drain
hose.
Remove the drain hose from the engine. Then
remove the drain hose from the test equipment
and empty the coolant from the hose.
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26-0 Cooling System, General
Re-install the rubber plug in the engine drain
valve.
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7
Check the coolant level in the expansion tank.
8
Start the engine and check that no leakage
occurs.
283
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Coolant Pump, Change
Tools:
9996049 Draining hose
Removal
1
Drain the coolant: Refer to Draining the Cooling
System page 278.
2
Remove the right belt guard. Refer to Belt Protector page 296.
3
Wind off the belt. Refer to Drive Belts page 290.
4
Remove the three bolts to the automatic belt tensioner.
P0004682
284
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
5
Remove the six bolts to the coolant pump.
Remove the coolant pump.
P0004683
Installation
6
Clean and check the sealing surfaces.
7
Where necessary, transfer the belt pulley to the
new pump.
8
Install a new rubber gasket.
P0004684
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285
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
9
Install the pump and the six bolts.
10
Check the idler and tensioner pulleys on the automatic belt tensioner.
P0004683
P0004686
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
11
Install the automatic belt tensioner.
NOTICE! Make sure the key engages in the keyway.
Tighten the bolts.
12
Wind on the belt. Refer to Drive Belts page 290.
13
Install the right belt guard. Refer to Belt Protector page 296.
P0004682
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287
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Thermostat, Change
Tools:
9996049 Draining hose
Removal
1
Drain the cooling system; refer to Draining the
Cooling System page 278.
Drain off coolant sufficient for its level to drop
below the thermostat housing.
2
Remove the upper belt guard; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
3
Remove the thermostat housing cover.
4
Remove the thermostat.
P0004690
P0004691
288
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Installation
5
Clean and inspect the mating surfaces for both
the thermostat and the thermostat housing cover.
6
Install the new thermostat and a new gasket.
7
Install the thermostat housing cover and the bolts.
8
Install the upper belt guard: Refer to Belt Protector page 296.
P0005071
P0004691
IMPORTANT!
Ensure that engine wiring is not pinched.
9
Refill with new coolant; refer to Coolant Level,
Checking and Topping Up page 280.
10
Start the engine and check for leaks. Pressurize
the cooling system; refer to Cooling System,
Pressure Testing page 108.
P0004690
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289
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Drive Belts
Right belt guard removed; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
Removal
1
Lift the lever.
CAUTION!
Pinch hazard. Keep fingers clear.
Wind off the belt.
P0004685
290
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Installation
1
Check the belt tensioner pulleys.
2
Lift the lever.
P0004686
CAUTION!
Pinch hazard. Keep fingers clear.
Wind on the belt.
P0004685
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291
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Belt Tensioner, Change
Right belt guard removed; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
Drive belt removed; refer to Drive Belts page 290.
Removal
1
Undo the three bolts that retain the belt tensioner
and return wheel. Remove the unit.
2
Unbolt the return wheel or tensioner, or replace
the complete unit.
P0004682
Installation
3
Install the tensioner complete with attachment.
Align the guide pin on the attachment to the installation hole and tighten the bolts.
Check the condition of the drive belts.
4
Re-install the belts; refer to Drive
Belts page 290.
P0009982
292
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Thermostat, Function Check
Remove the thermostat, see Thermostat,
Change page 288.
1
Place the thermostat in a big pot with water and
heat it to the opening temperature as specified in
Engine, General page 26.
2
If the thermostat does not open at specified temperature, it should be replaced.
3
Install the thermostat, see Thermostat,
Change page 288.
P0005072
Closed thermostat.
NOTICE! Always use a new seal, even if the thermostat is not replaced.
P0005073
Open thermostat.
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293
26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Coolant Filter, Change
Tools:
9999179 Extractor oil filter
NOTICE! The coolant filter must be replaced at the
prescribed intervals.
Failure to follow these intervals may result in significantly reduced engine life. In respect of engine work
requiring more than five liters of new coolant to be
added, a new coolant filter must always be installed.
Removal
1
Shut the filter housing tap.
2
Clean around the filter and remove it with the aid
of tool 9999179 Extractor oil filter.
P0004963
Closed tap.
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26-2 Coolant Pump, Thermostat
Installation
3
Lubricate the filter gasket with petroleum jelly or
soapy water. Install the new filter.
Screw the filter down until the gasket touches the
sealing surface. Then tighten a further ½ turn.
4
Open the tap on the filter housing.
5
Start the engine and check for leaks.
P0004962
Open tap.
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295
26-3 Fan, Fan Shroud
26-3 Fan, Fan Shroud
Belt Protector
Right belt guard
1
Removal: Undo and remove the bolts. Remove
the guard.
2
Installation: Install the guard and the bolts.
Tighten the bolts.
IMPORTANT!
Never lay the fan down. Oil will run out that cannot
run back, which will result in the fan seizing.
P0004681
296
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26-3 Fan, Fan Shroud
Left belt guard
1
Removal: Undo and remove the bolts. Remove
the guard.
2
Installation: Install the guard and the bolts.
Tighten the bolts.
IMPORTANT!
Never lay the fan down. Oil will run out that cannot
run back, which will result in the fan seizing.
P0004680
Upper belt guard
1
Removal: Undo and remove the bolts. Remove
the guard.
2
Installation: Install the guard and the bolts.
Tighten the bolts.
IMPORTANT!
Never lay the fan down. Oil will run out that cannot
run back, which will result in the fan seizing.
P0004689
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297
32-1 Alternator
32-1 Alternator
Alternator Belts, Change
Left belt guard removed; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
Coolant pump belt removed; refer to Drive
Belts page 290.
Removal
1
Depress the lever.
CAUTION!
Pinch hazard. Keep fingers clear.
Wind off the belt.
P0004688
Installation
1
Check the belt tensioner pulleys.
P0004687
298
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32-1 Alternator
2
Depress the lever.
CAUTION!
Pinch hazard. Keep fingers clear.
Wind on the belt.
P0004688
Belt Tensioner, Change
Left belt guard removed; refer to Belt Protector page 296.
Coolant pump belt removed; refer to Drive
Belts page 290.
Alternator belt removed; refer to Alternator Belts,
Change page 298.
Removal
1
Remove the tensioner retaining bolt and remove
the tensioner.
P0009980
Installation
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2
Install the tensioner. Align the guide pin on the
attachment with the installation hole and tighten
the bolts.
Check the condition of the drive belts.
3
Install the alternator belt; refer to Alternator Belts,
Change page 298.
4
Check that the belt is correctly positioned on the
belt pulleys.
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Alphabetical index
About this Workshop manual................................ 2
Alternator............................................................... 298
Alternator Belts, Change....................................... 298
Belt Protector....................................................... 296
Belt Tensioner, Change................................. 292, 299
Bypass Valve, Oil Filter Bypass, Replace............. 238
Cable description................................................ 116
Camshaft and valve mechanism............................. 71
Camshaft Bearing Housing, Replace.................... 202
Camshaft, Wear Check......................................... 201
Charge Air Pipe, Leakage Check.................. 111, 268
Charge Pressure, Troubleshooting....................... 110
Common Interference Causes.............................. 104
Compression Test................................................. 105
Connecting Rod Bushing, Check up..................... 176
Connecting Rod, Check........................................ 176
Control System, ECM, Data Sets.......................... 266
Control Unit, Replace............................................ 266
Control valve........................................................... 87
Coolant Filter, Change.......................................... 294
Coolant Level, Checking and Topping Up............. 280
Coolant Pump, Change......................................... 284
Coolant Pump, Thermostat................................... 284
Cooling System.............................................. 44, 0
Cooling System, General...................................... 278
Cooling System, Pressure Testing................ 108, 281
Copper sleeve for unit injector, replace................. 261
Crank Mechanism........................................... 36, 211
Crankcase venting................................................... 97
Crankshaft seal, replace (front)............................. 211
Crankshaft Sealing, Change (rear)........................ 219
Crankshaft, Inspection........................................... 224
Crankshaft, Installation.......................................... 138
Crankshaft, Removal............................................. 135
Crankshaft, vibration damper, flywheel................... 76
Cylinder head, guides to cylinder block................... 69
Cylinder Head, Installation.................................... 162
Cylinder Head, Removal....................................... 153
Cylinder Liner and Pistons, Inspection.................. 175
Cylinder Liner, Installation..................................... 140
Cylinder Liner, Pistons.......................................... 175
Cylinder Liners, Removal...................................... 133
Design and Function............................................. 59
Draining the Cooling System................................. 278
Draining, Fuel Duct in Cylinder Head.................... 246
Drive Belts............................................................. 290
Engine........................................................... 27, 0
Engine Assembly................................................... 138
Engine body............................................................ 27
Engine Complete, General.................................... 116
Engine control system........................................... 101
Engine Disassembly.............................................. 124
Engine Fixture, Removal....................................... 122
Engine Information, General................................... 59
Engine Transmission......................................... 34, 78
Engine, General...................................................... 26
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Exposing................................................................ 118
Exposing the Engine............................................. 116
Fan............................................................................ 6
Fan, Fan Shroud................................................... 296
Fitting the Fixture................................................... 120
Flywheel, Indication............................................... 203
Fuel Feed Pressure, Check........................... 108, 248
Fuel Feed Pump and Filter.................................... 248
Fuel Feed Pump, Change..................................... 252
Fuel feed system, principle...................................... 91
Fuel Filter Bracket, Change................................... 248
Fuel System................................................... 42, 0
Fuel system, bleeding........................................... 245
Fuel System, General............................................ 245
Gear Ring, Fywheel: Replace............................. 204
General............................................................. 2, 0
General Tightening Torques...................................... 7
Group 21: Engine................................................ 8, 60
Group 22: Lubrication System........................... 18, 81
Group 23: Fuel System..................................... 21, 90
Group 25: Inlet and Exhaust System................. 24, 95
Group 26: Cooling System................................ 25, 99
Identification Numbers......................................... 59
Injectors and Delivery Pipes.................................. 255
Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds.................................. 269
Inlet and Exhaust System............................... 43, 0
Inlet and Exhaust System, General....................... 268
Inlet Manifold, Change.......................................... 269
Internal EGR............................................................ 72
Location of Sensors.............................................. 25
Lube Oil Pump, Installation................................... 143
Lube Oil Pump, Removal...................................... 130
Lubrication Oil Pump, Change.............................. 229
Lubrication System.................................................. 40
Lubrication system, principle................................... 83
Main bearing, Change................................. 207, 225
Miscellaneous............................................................ 6
Oil cooler.............................................................. 239
Oil Cooler, Replace............................................... 239
Oil filter.................................................................. 233
Oil Filter Bracket, Change..................................... 234
Oil Pressure Sensor, Check.................................. 233
Oil pump and Line................................................. 229
Oil pump and oil cooler............................................ 84
Other Equipment..................................................... 58
Piston cooling system.......................................... 86
Piston, cylinder lining, connecting rod..................... 70
Pistons, Installation............................................... 142
Pistons, Removal.................................................. 130
Repair instructions.................................................. 3
Safety Instructions................................................ 48
Safety Valve, Oil Pressure, Replace..................... 237
Sensors, Adjustment..................................... 113, 205
Special Service Tools.............................................. 52
Special Tightening Torques....................................... 8
301
Specifications, Electrical.......................................... 45
Specifications, Engine .............................................. 7
Steering System...................................................... 45
Technical Data............................... 27, 40, 42, 43, 44
Test and Adjustments............................................ 105
Thermostat Oil Cooler, Change............................. 243
Thermostat, Change.............................................. 288
Thermostat, Function Check......................... 115, 293
Timing Gear, Installation....................................... 144
Timing Gear, Removal.......................................... 124
Timing Gears and Shaft........................................ 201
Troubleshooting..................................................... 102
Turbo, Change...................................................... 275
Turbocharger......................................................... 274
Turbocharger, Inspection.............................. 112, 274
Unit Injector, Replace.......................................... 255
Unit injectors............................................................ 93
Valve Guides, Inspection.................................... 188
Valve Guides, Replacing....................................... 189
Valve Mechanism.................................................. 177
Valve mechanism.................................................... 29
Valve Seat, Change.............................................. 198
Valve Seats and Valve, Grinding........................... 196
Valve Stem Sealings, Replace.............................. 200
Valves and Unit Injectors, Adjustment........... 177, 180
Valves, Installation................................................ 194
Valves, Removal................................................... 192
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References to Service Bulletins
Group No.
Date
Refers to
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7748841 English 06–2010
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