CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS.
2.LIVING THINGS EAT
3.MOVE
4.RESPIRE
5. REPRODUCE
6.GROW
7.EXCRETE
8.RESPOND TO STIMULS
9. ALL LIVING THINGS CAN ADAPT
.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
Can we live without food?
1. LIVING THINGS NEED FOOD
All living things needs energy to perform various activities like
running, reading ,walking, breathing etc….
We get this energy from food we eat.
Food is also required for growth and repair.
FROM WHERE DO PLANTS GET THEIR FOOD?
They prepare their own food by taking in carbon dioxide and water in
the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll by the process of
photosynthesis.
So they are called as autotrophs.
FROM WHERE DO ANIMALS GET THEIR FOOD?
All animals get their food from plants and other animals. They are called as
heterotrophs.
HERBIVORES
Animals that eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores or
herbivorous animals.
GIVE EXAMPLES
Cows, Goats , Rabbits etc…
CARNIVORES
Animals that eat only flesh of other animals are called carnivores or
carnivorous animals.
Give Examples
OMNIVORES
Animals that eat both the plant products and flesh of
other animals are called omnivorous animals.
Examples
Humans, bears, rats, crows, cockroaches
PARASITES
Animals that live on or inside the body of other living
animals or plants (host) and obtain food from them are
called parasites.
EXAMPLE
Bugs, head lice are some examples of parasites that live
outside the body of other animals.
Some animals like roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms and
hookworms live inside the bodies of animals. These
parasites absorb the food digested by the host.
Some animals and humans also eat a wide range of foods,
while others eat a small range of foods.
Ticks, lice, leeches and mosquitoes feed on just one food
– blood. They have mouths that can break through skin
and suck up their meal.
Tick
LICE
LEECHES
2. LIVING THINGS MOVE
Animals move from one place to another in search of food and shelter and also
to escape from their enemies. This movement is called locomotion
Animal like lions, giraffe , zebra and dogs move with help of their ______
LEGS
Animals like birds, flies and mosquitoes fly with help of _______
WINGS
Fishes swim with the help of _____
FINS
Even when we are sitting muscles inside our body are at work.
Can you give examples?
Muscles inside our stomach helps to chew food.
Diaphragm muscles below lungs helps us to breathe
Heart muscles pumps blood around the body.
Do plants also move?
Yes
If you keep a plant near window, you will notice after few days, it has bent
towards that light because plants need energy to grow. Bending of plant
towards sunlight is called phototropism.
3.LIVING THINGS GROW
All living things grow.
Growth is actually increase in size of the
body.
A tiny seed grows into a baby plant and after
sometime, it grows into a big plant or a tree.
Animals grow up to a certain size and shape.
As when we all attain a maximum height we
stop growing.
LIVING THINGS EXCRETE
What do you mean by excretion?
Excretion means removal of waste material from the body.
What do we excrete?
1. All living organism eat food and a part of food we eat is utilised for energy and the
unused part of the food is excreted out in the form of faeces through anus.
2. The waste material from the body is also excreted in the form of urine and sweat.
3. Lungs helps in removal of carbon dioxide from the body.
Do plants also excrete?
YES
What do they excrete?
1. Plants also releases carbon dioxide during respiration by tiny pores in
leaves called stomata.
2. Plants also produce some waste products. These waste products are
either stored in their different parts like leaves and barks or are
removed as various secretions like gums, resins and latex.
LIVING THINGS RESPIRE
What do you mean by respiration?
Respiration is the process of breakdown of food in the body of an organism with the help of
oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Carbon dioxide and water vapours are given out through exhalation.
Food + Oxygen ----- Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
What is breathing?
The process of inhaling and exhaling air is called breathing.
What do all living inhale?
Oxygen
What do all living things exhale?
Carbon dioxide
LIVING THINGS RESPIRE
What do you mean by respiration?
Respiration is the process of breakdown of food in the body of an organism with the help of
oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Carbon dioxide and water vapours are given out through exhalation.
Food + Oxygen ----- Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
What is breathing?
The process of inhaling and exhaling air is called breathing.
What do all living inhale?
Oxygen
What do all living things exhale?
Carbon dioxide
TESTING FOR CARBON DIOXIDE IN EXHALED BREATH
When we blow exhaled air from our mouth into the tube, lime water will turn
milky showing that exhaled air contains carbon dioxide.
Lime Water + Carbon dioxide ----- Calcium Carbonate + Water
Calcium Carbonate turns lime water milky.
BOOK DIAGRAM
Breathe in
and out
gently here
Inhaled air
passes
through
this tube
Exhaled air passes
through this tube
TESTING FOR CARBON DIOXIDE IN EXHALED BREATH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34ESzqzf_Uo&list=WL&in
dex=7&t=52s
TESTING FOR CARBONDIOXIDE IN AIR AROUND SEEDS
Hydrogen carbon indicator is used which that changes colour in the presence of
carbon dioxide from orange- red colour to yellow.
LIVING THINGS REPRODUCE
All living things give birth to young ones of their own kind. Some
animals give birth to young ones and some lay eggs.
Can you name some animals which reproduce by giving birth to
young ones?
Human beings, cows, cats
Can you name some animals which reproduce by laying eggs?
Birds, frogs, hen, mosquitoes.
HOW DO PLANTS REPRODUCE?
Plants usually reproduce through their seeds or from other parts of the
plants like stem or leaves.
Give examples of plants which reproduce through seeds?
Papaya, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin
Plants that reproduce through stem
Rose, sugarcane
Plants that reproduce through leaves
Bryophyllum, begonia
The leaves of plants like Bryophyllum and Begonia produce buds (plantlets) on
the notches in their margins. When these leaves get detached from the plant
and touch moist soil, the buds grow into new plants.
Bryophyllum
Plants that reproduce through roots
Sweet potato, Tamarind
Begonia
LIVING THINGS CAN SENSE/ IRRITABILITY
Irritability – It is the way the organisms respond in response to the changes in the environment.
Which are the 5 sense organs?
Eyes, Ears, Nose, Tongue, Skin
Animals detect or sense changes in their surroundings by their sense organs.
Some animals such as insects and centipedes have long antennae, which they use to touch the ground in front of
them. This information their brains receive helps them decide if it is safe to move forwards.
Why snakes flick their tongue in
air?
The snake collects odour from the
air and then it draws its tongue
back into its mouth and pushes
the tip into a pit in its nose where
the chemicals are detected.
Q6 How is the mouth of crocodile adapted for feeding?
They have evolved sharp teeth for piercing and holding onto flesh and
powerful muscles to close the jaws and hold them shut. Cutting teeth,
combined with the exceptionally high bite force would pass through flesh
easily enough to leave no escape opportunity for the prey.
ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ADAPT
The favourable features present in plants and animals that help
them survive in a particular type of habitat are known as
adaptations.
For example
1. Camels have long eyelashes which protect them from sand.
They have broad feet which helps them walk on sand. Camels
can close their nostrils to keep out sand. Camels drink a large
quantity of water and can stay without water for long period
of time.
2. Polar bears live in very cold climates as they have thick fur
and a layer of fat underneath the skin which protects the
polar bear from cold. White fur matches the surroundings
making polar bear hard to spot.
3. Wood pecker – Woodpecker has sharp and long beak which
helps them in drilling holes in the wood as they feed on
insects living inside wood.
4. Dolphins – Dolphins have a blowhole located at the
top of the body, which allows a dolphin to come up
to the surface, easily take in air, and continue
swimming.
5.Frog
a. The frog's skin is thin, which allows for air to pass
through, in effect allowing him to breathe through
his skin.
b. Powerful hind legs and feet allow the frog to jump
long distances.
c. Much like how the webbed feet of a duck helps to
navigate water, a frog's webbed feet help him
swim effectively.
6. Axolotls – They have feathery gills outside
their body to take in oxygen through water
and they can grow their limbs back if they
get detached off the body just like lizards.
7. Birds – Birds have hollow bones which make
birds body light weight. Flying birds have large
chest muscles that move the wings. Birds have
feathers that help them fly. The long flight
feathers on the wings and tail help birds
balance and steer.
Even plants show adaptations
1.Like cactus which grows in desert area have long
roots that goes very deep into the soil to absorb
water. As the plants is not having leaves to reduce
the loss of water through transpiration, its stem is
green in colour and stem is adapted to make food.
2.Plants in hilly areas have conical shapes so that
snow should not stick on them
Note the following table, fill it in