MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
ZAPORIZK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
O. V. Luganska
STANDARDIZATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS
Lecture notes for students at the advanced stage of bachelor's degree in
" Chemistry " in the educational and professional program " Chemistry "
Hardened
with eternal joy ZNU
Protocol No. 14
from 27.06.2024
Zaporizhzhya
2024
UDC 006(075.8)
L83
Luganska O. V. Standardization and certification of products: lecture notes for
advanced bachelor's degree students in the "Chemistry" specialty. Zaporizhzhya:
Zaporizhzhya National University, 2024. 56 p.
Seen in a concise form, the theoretical foundations of the course “
Standardization and certification of products” are presented up to the work program of
the initial discipline. Purposes of regulatory, legal, scientific and theoretical
organizational- methodological basis for standardization and certification both in
Ukraine and abroad. The main types of work in the field of standardization and
certification are examined in detail. Nutrition and tests for self-verification of the level
of acquired knowledge are divided into the skin. The meaning of the main terms is
explained in the glossary.
For the complete translation of the initial material and successful translation, a
list of basic and secondary literature is recommended.
For advanced students, a high-level bachelor's degree in " Chemistry " is
completed in the educational and professional program " Chemistry " .
Reviewer
K.O. Dombrovsky , Ph.D. Sc., Associate Professor of the Department of Natural and
Applied Ecology
zoology
Submittal for issue
O.A. Brazhko , d.b. Sc., professor, head of the department of chemistry
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
4
Lecture 1. State standardization system. Legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine with
standardization
8
Lecture 2. Basic provisions of standardization in various areas of activity
15
Lecture 3. Interstate standardization systems
23
Lecture 4. Standardization in international and foreign countries
28
Lecture 5. Economic efficiency of standardization.
Lecture 6. Organization of work based on certification in Ukraine.
36
42
VIKORISTAN LITERATURE
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
51
52
GLOSSARY
53
4
INTRODUCTION
One of the main directions of economic policy in any country Today – an
increase in the quality of goods and services. Clearly competitive products and
services, which are sold both on domestic and foreign markets, are expected to comply
with the latest achievements of science, as well as to satisfy their customers. Effective
ways to improve the quality of goods and services are standardization and certification.
Their essence lies in the establishment and implementation of mandatory regulations
and rules in various parts of the economy aimed at accelerating technological progress
and achieving high quality goods and services. In addition, standardization plays an
important role in ensuring the protection of human health and the rational development
of natural and other resources as the basis for stable economic development.
The course " Standardization and Certification " will provide basic training for
students directly trained in " Chemistry " . Standardization is seen as the regulatory and
legal basis for all types of activities, and certification is an important criterion for
assessing the quality of goods and services that will ensure the right of the consumer
to the safety of goods and services. During the course of this initial discipline, students
will be able to become familiar with the development of standardization and
certification; master the principles and methodology of organizing the standardization
and certification system in Ukraine; formulate statements about the features of
international standardization and certification; Learn the necessary practical skills.
Meta of the initial discipline " Standardization and certification of products "
allows students to systematize fundamental material to understand the phenomena that
are included in the description of the structure of standardization and certification of
Ukraine, basic legislative documents, evaluation systems and the quality of processed
and foreign products, systems for ensuring the safety of livestock and domestic
workers.
The main objectives of the discipline “ Standardization and certification of
products ” are the students’ ability to systematize the material from the national system
of standardization and certification in Ukraine, as well as international and European
standardization with the subsequent linking of the main tasks of enterprises in their
work in the professional field.
As a result of learning the initial discipline, the student is guilty of the nobility:
- the main provisions of the national standardization system of Ukraine;
- theoretical foundations of standardization;
- main legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine regarding standardization and
certification;
- main international and European standards and standardization systems;
- certification systems and accreditation of bodies from certification of products
and storage systems in production;
- the structure of the bodies of the State Standardization Service and their
functions;
- main trends in the development of international and European standardization;
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- the main types of certification work, the main provisions and structure of the
UkrSEPRO system;
- the procedure for accreditation and inspection control of the activities of bodies
with certification;
- the procedure is based on certification of production;
- the system of developments is constantly being implemented with certification
and accreditation of bodies in the certification system.
note:
- search and select the necessary standards;
- prepare the necessary materials and documents for the development and
confirmation of sovereign, Galuzian standards and organizational standards;
- organize work to promote standards in the enterprise;
- carry out standard control of awkward types of documentation;
- submit an application for certification and identify documents and business
objects that need to be prepared before carrying out the final type of certification;
- to recover economical expenses for carrying out work on standardization and
certification and their effectiveness.
The course " Standardization and Certification " will provide an overview of the
main fundamental concepts and phenomena that are introduced in the description of
the structure of standardization and certification of Ukraine and will enhance the
preparation highly qualified facists.
An important point in the structure of the course “ Standardization and
certification ” is carried out independently. Proposed visible disintegration with the
method of directing the independent work of students and providing the necessary
methodological assistance from her viconn.
Thanks to the benefits of educational and professional programs, students are
responsible for achieving the following competencies :
development to abstract thought, analysis and synthesis;
the reality is taken into account and enriched with current knowledge;
skills in learning information and communication technologies;
availability to the search, compilation and analysis of information from
various sources;
the importance of establishing knowledge and understanding of
mathematical and natural sciences for the most complex and complex problems of
chemistry;
the ability to recognize and analyze problems, identify conventional (and
more advanced) methods for solving problems, and take solutions in the field of
chemistry;
the ability to analyze and practically evaluate experimental data;
the development of new areas of chemistry with the path of independent
science;
understanding the key chemical understandings, basic facts, concepts,
principles, theories of the natural, life and earth sciences to ensure the feasibility of
understanding the specialized areas of chemistry;
6
-
Beginners in practical knowledge and theoretical knowledge.
7
Lecture 1 . State standardization system. Legislative and regulatory acts of
Ukraine and standardization.
Meta: get to know the historical aspects of the development of standardization
in Ukraine and the world, identify the methodological basis of standardization, review
the current law of Ukraine on standardization.
Plan
1. A short summary of the history of standardization.
2. Methodological basis of standardization.
3. Law of Ukraine On standardization.
Basic terms and concepts: standardization, method of standardization, complex
standardization, viperous standardization, systematization, classification, unification,
selection of objects of standardization, simplification, typification objects of
standardization, aggregation.
1. A short summary of the history of standardization. Standardization dates
back a long time, developed step by step, and its successes accompanied cultural,
scientific, technological and economic progress at all stages of civilization. Robots
with standardization until 1901 r. took place mainly through private initiatives on the
territory of the surrounding region, the place of business.
Writing, the system of medicine, penny units, units of worlds and kingdoms,
architectural styles, various hypotheses and theories, laid down all laws and moral
standards - all without showing actual standardization. Thus, elements of
standardization appeared even if there was no understanding of this term yet.
In the Middle Ages, standardization methods expanded with the development of
crafts . In the era of Rebirth - to ensure the development of trade and economic ties
between the countries. The transition to machine production also includes delivery for
development. As a result of the internal plant standardization of viruses, rationalization
of the production processes has become possible. The main meta about how enterprises
are advancing the standardization of viruses - removing more high profits. The most
active standardization developed in large firms and other enterprises.
In the process of developing a suspenseful sector of trade, national and
international standardization assumes the greatest importance. U 1875 r. In Paris,
representatives of 19 countries adopted the International Metric Convention and
founded the International Bureau for World and Vag.
In 1901 r. In Great Britain, a Technical Standardization Committee was
organized, which was later recreated as the British Standardization Association. During
the First World War, a number of national organizations for standardization were
founded, for example: in Holland (1916 r.), Nіmechchini (1918 r.), France,
Switzerland and USA (1918 r.).
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After the First Light War, standardization became increasingly accepted as an
objective-economic need. Standardization organizations were created in many
countries: Belgium, Canada, Italy, Japan, Australia, Sweden, Poland, Finland, etc. The
steady expansion of international trade and the need for modernization in the fields of
science and technology was established in 1926 r. International Association for
Standardization (from 1946 r. In London, on the basis of the main bureau, the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was founded, which has grown to
33 countries. Nini ISO - one of the largest international technical organizations, which
includes 160 countries).
The official date of standardization in the entire USSR is June 15, 1925 r., when
the Committee for Standardization under the Radya Pratsi i Defense was created. The
Committee introduced the first obligatory standards, which gained the force of
sovereign law.
In the post-war years, the system of government standardization management
has seen some changes. U 1954 r. The Committee of Standards, the world and the
world of innovative systems was created to coordinate work and standardization in the
territories of the people's rule of the country. Unitary systems of normative-technical,
design and technological documentation, inter-gang systems, and the National
Standardization System (DSS) are being developed.
In 1970 r. The Committee of Standards, World and International Standards was
reorganized into the State Committee for Standardization (Derzhstandart).
In 1992 r. After the creation of independence in Ukraine, the State Committee
for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Derzhstandart of Ukraine) was
created, which is the national government authority. Ukraine since 1993 r. It is a
member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
The national standardization system of Ukraine and the UkrSEPRO certification
system were practically created from the moment of independence, and were activated
in accordance with the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine " On
standardization and certification " dated 10.05.93 No. 46-93.
October 1, 2002 r. the central body of the royal government in the field of
standardization, metrology, confirmation of conformity and protection of the rights of
citizens is the State Committee of Ukraine for technical regulation and related policies
(Derzhspozhivstandard).
With the further enhancement of the technical regulation system in 2006 r.
praised by the Concept for the development of technical regulation and sustainable
policies for 2006-2010 rocks.
Law of Ukraine dated May 17, 2001 Roku No. 2408-III About standardization
in accordance with the Law of Ukraine dated 5 June 2014 Rock No. 1315-VII About
standardization (Videomosti Verkhovna Radi (VVR), 2014, No. 31, Art. 1058). This
Law establishes the legal and organizational aspects of standardization in Ukraine and
directs the ensuring the formation and implementation of government policy in the
related sphere.
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2. Methodological basis of standardization. Standardization - This is a set of
methods necessary to establish the optimal solution to repeat tasks and legitimize it as
norms and rules.
Standardization method - This method or the totality of methods, with the help
of which the goals of standardization are achieved.
The methodological basis of standardization is: comprehensive standardization,
advanced standardization, systematization, classification, typification, unification,
aggregation. Let's take a closer look at these methods.
Comprehensive standardization. With complex standardization, the goal is to
directly and systematically establish and maintain a system of interconnections, both
to the object of complex standardization as a whole, and to each of the main elements
of method of optimal solution to a specific problem. The totality of products: through
the installation and consolidation of mutually related components, it was possible to
obtain the finished products necessary for their preparation of raw materials, materials
and components, as well as brains saving and profitability (exploitation).
Advanced chewing standardization. The method of advanced standardization is
based on the established advances, in relation to what has already been achieved in
practice, the level of norms and is possible to the objects of standardization, which,
according to forecasts, will be optimal in the future hour Standards cannot only fix the
current level of development of science and technology, therefore, due to the high rate
of obsolescence of many types of products, they can provoke a galvanization of
technological progress. In order for the standards not to interfere with technical
progress, they are responsible for establishing promising indicators of vigor based on
the meaning of their terms provided by industrial production. Advanced chewing
standards are responsible for standardizing promising types of products, the serial
production of which has not yet been released or is in the early stages.
Systematization - This is the arrangement of objects, revealing or understanding
in the correct order and sequence, which creates a clear system, handy for vikoristan.
Classification - This is a process of reorganization of objects, so that it is
possible to understand the classes, subclasses and ranks, which are due to their hidden
signs. Distinguish between natural and related classification of standardization objects.
Classification rules:
at the cutaneous stage of grouping, only one sign is formed, which ensures
monomantility;
The division of objects begins with the most common sign, and then a few
points emerge.
Systematization and classification are the basis of unification.
Unification - This is an activity that involves a rational reduction in the number
of types of parts and units of any functional purpose. It is based on classification and
ranking, selection and simplification, typification and optimization of finished product
elements.
The main directions of unification are:
development of parametric and type-sized series of components,
machines, equipment, fixtures, assemblies and parts;
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development of typical viruses to create unified product categories;
development of unified technological processes, including technological
processes for specialized production of inter-gullet stagnation products;
exchange of a complete minimum range of products and materials allowed
before drying.
To assess the level of unification of the vicoristic coefficient of stagnation
(unification), which is calculated using formula (1.1):
(1.1)
where: - the number of parts in the virobi, pcs .;
- number of original parts (split first), pcs.
The following types of unification are distinguished:
standard size - occurs in viruses of the same functional significance, other
than one type of numerical values of the head parameter;
internal type - operates in devices with the same values of the main
parameter, but is subject to one type of structural design of storage parts;
intertype - occurs in viruses of different types and different structural
configurations.
The most elementary types of unification are selection and simplification.
Selection of standardization objects - the activity involved in the selection of
such specific objects that are considered suitable for further selection and stagnation in
future selection.
Simplification - the activity that occurs in the designated specific objects that are
found to be not suitable for further development and stagnation in suspicious
generation.
Typification of standardization objects - creation of standard (specific) objects
(design, technological rules, documentation forms). In addition to selection, the
selection of specific objects is subject to technical transformations that are aimed at
enhancing their strength and versatility.
Aggregation - This is a method of creating machines, adapting and possessing
from a number of standard unified units, which are repeatedly used in the creation of
different viruses on the basis of geometric and functional interchangeability. The unit
is already widely used in machinery, radio electronics.
3. Law of Ukraine On standardization. Law of Ukraine On Standardization
(Videomosti Verkhovna Radya (VVR), 2014, No. 31, Art. 1058).
This Law regulates documents related to activities in the field of standardization
and the recording of results. This Law does not extend to sanitary standards for the
safety of food products, veterinary, sanitary and phytosanitary standards, living
standards, medical standards, military standards, medical care standards, accounting
area, mine valuation, awareness and other social standards passed by legislation.
11
The legislation of Ukraine in the field of standardization is formed from this
Law, major international treaties of Ukraine and other normative legal acts that regulate
standards in this field.
The method of standardization in Ukraine is:
1)
ensuring the consistency of standardization objects with their purpose;
2)
attention to diversity, stagnation, confusion, interchangeability of
standardization objects;
3)
ensuring rational selection of roads by establishing established rules,
regulations and procedures;
4)
security, protection of life and health;
5)
ensuring the rights and interests of residents;
6)
safety precautions;
7)
conservation of excessive natural resources and saving of all types of
resources;
8)
Removing technical barriers to trade and eliminating them, promoting
development and international competitiveness of products.
Objects of standardization include:
materials, warehouses, possessions, systems, their insanity;
rules, procedures, functions, methods, activities and results, including
products, personnel, management systems;
in terms of terminology, labeling, packaging, packing, labeling, labeling,
etc.
It is important to note that the level of standardization subject that accepts
normative documents is divided into:
1)
national standards and codes of good practice adopted by the national
standardization body;
2)
standards, codes of established practice and technical wisdom adopted by
businesses, institutions and organizations that promote standardization.
The subjects of standardization are:
the central body of the royal government, which ensures the formation of
government policy in the field of standardization;
the central body of the royal government, which implements the state
policy in the field of standardization;
national standardization body;
technical committees for standardization;
enterprises, establish organizations to promote standardization.
Enterprises, establishments and organizations have the right in certain areas of
activity to meet their government and professional needs to organize and eliminate
work from standardization, ie:
1)
disaggregate, accept, revise, revise and consolidate standards, codes of
tired practice, technical wisdom and changes to them, establish procedures for their
disaggregation, adoption, revision, revision, revision and consolidation;
2)
to stagnate their accepted standards, codes of tired practice and technical
wisdom;
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3)
take part in the work of specialized international and regional
standardization organizations in accordance with the provisions of such organizations;
4)
create and maintain funds of normative documents and view catalogs of
normative documents to ensure their activities and information exchange;
5)
see and commonly accept the standards, codes of tired practice and
technical wisdom, documents of various specialized international organizations for
standardization, members of which are also involved in Submit the provisions
regarding such organizations or related agreements.
Nutrition for self-control
1. To find out the reasons for the development of actual standardization.
2. Warehouse methodological foundations of standardization.
3. Give priority to advanced and comprehensive standardization.
4. Give proper systematization, classification and unification.
5. Classification rules.
6. Introduce basic direct unification.
7. Scope of the Law of Ukraine On Standardization.
8. Meta standardization in Ukraine.
9. Objects of standardization.
10. Subjects of standardization.
Tests
1. The meeting of the International Bureau for World and War took place at:
A) 1976;
B) 1875 p.;
B) 1901;
D) 1889 r.
2. The official date of standardization in the entire SRSR is officially respected:
A) November 29, 1889 r.;
B) May 10, 1925 r.;
B) September 1, 1901 r.;
D) September 15, 1925 r.
3. The current Law on Standardization was adopted by:
A) 2014 r.;
B) 2001 r.;
B) 1993 r.;
D) 1999 r.
4. A set of methods necessary to establish the optimal solution to repeat tasks
and legitimize them as norms and rules - this:
A) systematization;
B) advanced standardization;
B) standardization;
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D) comprehensive standardization.
5. To assess the level of unification of a vicorist, the coefficient of stagnation
(unification) is calculated using the formula:
A)
;
B)
IN)
;
;
G)
.
6. Objects of standardization include:
A) materials, warehouses, possessions, systems, their meaning;
B) the central body of the royal government, which will ensure the formation of
government policy in the field of standardization;
C) the central body of the royal government, which implements the state policy
in the field of standardization;
D) enterprises, establish organizations to promote standardization.
7. The subjects of standardization are:
A) the central body of the royal government, which implements the state policy
in the field of standardization;
B) materials, warehouses, possessions, systems, their meaning;
B) rules, procedures, functions, methods, activities and results, including
products, personnel, management systems;
D) in terms of terminology, labeling, packaging, packing, labeling, labeling, etc.
8. Scope of the Law on Standardization:
A) regulates issues related to activities in the field of standardization and the
determination of results;
B) the law expands on sanitary inspections for the safety of food products,
veterinary-sanitary and phytosanitary inspections;
C) the scope of the Law is extended to everyday standards, medical conditions,
and military standards;
D) The scope of the Law extends to the standards of medical care, accounting,
property assessment, and other social standards passed by law.
9. The method of creating machines, adapting and possessing from several
standard unified units, which are repeatedly used in the creation of different viruses on
the basis of geometric and functional interchangeability - this:
A) aggregation;
B) systematization;
B) simplification;
D) unification.
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10. There is a need for a rational reduction in the number of types of parts and
units of the same functional purpose - this:
A) aggregation;
B) systematization;
B) simplification;
D) unification.
15
Lecture 2. Basic provisions of standardization in various areas of activity
Meta: learn the basics of organization and coordination of work and
standardization; review and determine the classification of standards; get acquainted in
detail with Galuzev's standards of scientific and technical organizations, standards of
enterprises and technical minds, look at their structure, minds of their development and
the objects of standardization.
Plan
1. Regulation of standardization work in Ukraine.
2. Classification of standards.
3. Galuzev standards of scientific and technical organizations, spheres of
professional interests.
4. Technical minds.
5. Enterprise standards.
Basic terms and concepts: standardization, technical minds, objects of
standardization, Galouzian standards, enterprise standards, regulation.
1. Regulation of standardization work in Ukraine. All organization and
coordination of work is carried out under the standardization of the State Standard of
Ukraine. It also organizes the functioning of the sovereign standardization system,
establishes in the sovereign standards of this system the underground organizational
and technical rules for carrying out the work of standardization, the current The interunit coordination of these activities, including planning, disaggregation,
implementation, development and implementation of sovereign standards, means the
procedure for the sovereign registration of normative documents and participation in
the conduct of visits from international, regional standardization, including up to
international treaties of Ukraine, organizes the initiation and professional training of
specialists in the field of standardization. Work on standardization in civil engineering
is organized by the Ministry of Architecture of Ukraine. Take part in the work of
standardization and organize this activity within its competence through its
standardization services, head or base organizations from standardization of the
Ministry (departments), state committees, bodies of the state royal government.
Work with standardization proceeds in accordance with the general plan, which
is formed on the basis of long-term programs and draft plans for work with
standardization. Responsibility for the consistency of normative documents from
standardization through the acts of official legislation, as well as their scientific and
technical level, lies with the developers, organizations and institutions that carried out
their examination, and bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and communities
- subjects of entrepreneurial activity that have approved these documents. The
procedure for disaggregating, adapting, confirming, expanding, revising, revising,
changing and compiling standards is regulated: for national standards - DSTU 1.2; for
16
technical minds - DSTU 1.3; for enterprise standards - DSTU 1.4; for Galouze
standards, I establish a body whose scope of management includes enterprises,
institutions, organizations that extend the scope of the standard; for the standards of
scientific, technical and engineering partnerships are established by their statutory
bodies.
2. Classification of standards. Regulatory documents with standardization are
divided into the following categories.
1. State standards of Ukraine (DSTU) - are divided for:
- organizational, methodological and technical facilities (organization of work
based on standardization, scientific and technical terminology, classification and
coding of technical and economic social information, technical documentation,
information technology, organization working with metrology, reliable evidence about
the power of materials and speeches);
- virobіv zagalnogo zastosuvannya;
- warehouse elements of national Spodar objects of sovereign significance
(banking and financial system, transport, communications, energy system, protection
of the excess natural environment, defense etc.);
- products for inter-glue purposes; e. products for the population of the people's
dominion;
- testing methods.
2. Galuzev standards are divided into products in the presence of national
standards of Ukraine and, in times of need, can be established to exceed or supplement
the capabilities of national standards. These standards must be established for
enterprises in the sphere of management of the body that has approved them.
3. The standards of scientific, technical and engineering companies and
specialists are expanded according to the need to expand the results of fundamental and
applied research carried out in various areas of knowledge in areas of professional
interests. Establish voluntarily the enterprise, besides the enterprise, which respects the
full development of new advanced techniques, technologies, methods, etc.
4. Technical Minds of Ukraine - a normative document that is developed to
establish a way to regulate the interactions between the supplier (distributor,
distributor) and related products, for any kind of daily sovereign or Galuzian standards
(or Whenever necessary, specification can be made using the relevant documents).
These are the minds of vikoryst enterprises, regardless of the forms of power and
lightness, the community-subjects of enterprise activity under contractual obligations
and licenses for the right to produce sales of products.
5. Enterprise standards are divided into products (processes, services) that
develop and stagnate (operate, deliver) at a specific enterprise.
Depending on the specifics of the standardization object, the warehouse and
instead of the previous ones can be established for different categories of normative
documents with standardization to subdivide the standards of such types.
1. Fundamental standards establish organizational, methodological and technical
provisions for the designated area of standardization, as well as terms and meanings,
technical and technical provisions, rules, norms, etc. ensure orderliness, consistency,
17
interconnections and mutual convenience of various types of technical and production
activities during the hours of disassembly, preparation, transportation and disposal
products, protection of excess natural middle.
2. Standards for products and services are established for groups of similar or
specific products and services that ensure their consistency with their value.
3. Standards for processes establish the main possible methods (techniques,
modes, norms) for establishing various activities (operations) in processes that are
followed in various types of activities. ensure the consistency of the process of its
recognition.
4. Standards for control methods (testing, testing, analysis) establish the
sequence of work, operations, methods (rules, modes, norms) and technical methods
of their implementation for various types and objects of control products, processes,
services.
3. Galuzev standards of scientific and technical organizations, areas of
professional interests.
1. Galuzev standards are divided into products based on the national standards
of Ukraine and, whenever necessary, can be established to exceed or supplement the
requirements of the national standards. The obligatory requirements of Galouze's
standards contribute to the insane expansion of enterprises, institutions and
organizations that fall within the sphere of control of the body that has confirmed them.
2. The standards of scientific, technical and engineering companies and
specialists are being expanded in response to the need to expand the results of
fundamental and applied research carried out in various fields of knowledge in areas
of professional interests. These standards can be modified on the basis of the voluntary
agreement of the borrowers.
3. The standards specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article are not subject to
compliance with the obligatory requirements of the sovereign standards of Ukraine and
support the sovereign registration in the State Committee of Ukraine for
standardization, metrology and certification.
The procedure for disaggregation, approval and succession of these standards is
established by the body within the scope of management of which enterprises,
institutions and organizations are included, by statutory bodies of scientific, technical
and engineering companies and groups, up to the competence What nutrition
organizations need to work on is standardization.
4. The main part of copyright on normative documents specified in paragraphs
1 and 2 of this article belongs to the authorities that approved them.
4. Technical minds. Technical standards (TU) - a normative document that
establishes the internal technical capabilities that a product, process or service is
required to provide, which means procedures that can be installed or maintained such
benefits. TU establish possibilities for products assigned to independent supply
(viconannaya, nadanya) and regulate the differences between the virobnik
(postachalnik) and the co-worker (koristuvach).
Specifications may be an invisible part of the set of design, technological or other
technical documentation for the product or a supporting document. In the
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specifications, which are confirmed by the document, a new complex can be used for
production, preparation, control, capture and delivery.
TU is a technical document that is developed in accordance with the decisions
of the distributor (dispenser) or the relevant distributor (distributor) of the product.
TU is an unknown part of the set of design or other technical documentation for
the product, and if the documentation is present, the new complex could be controlled
and seized before the product, the manufacturer.
TU is divided into:
one specific word, material, speech, etc .;
for a number of specific viruses, materials, speeches , etc. (group technical
minds).
Vimoga to the final specification (for products, materials, materials, speech, etc.
) machinery, fittings, everyday life, as well as other types of activities), regulated in
GOST 2.114-95. The same is true of DSTU-N 4486:2005, which requires methodical
insertions in accordance with standard standards, laid out in the design of the TU and
the application of the TU itself. That regulation SOU KZPS 74.9-02568182-003:2016
for standard work, implementation, registration, assignment of technical minds to
products, processes, services (products), revisions, review, acceptance and assignment
of rank, making changes and scrapping.
THOU are responsible for the entry and sections located in the following
sequence:
technical benefits;
main parameters and characteristics (powerfulness);
vmogi to sirov, materials, purchased viruses;
completeness;
marking;
packing;
safety requirements;
how to protect the unnecessary middle ground;
catching rules;
control methods;
transportation and saving;
operating rules;
maker's guarantees.
The warehouse of sections and their locations is determined by the distributor
depending on the characteristics of the products. If necessary, the specifications,
depending on the type and purpose of the product, can be supplemented with other
sections (subsections), or they may not include other sections (subsections), or sections
(sub-sections) can be combined into one.
5. Enterprise standards. Organizational standards are being broken down:
for products created and supplied by this organization to the domestic and
foreign markets;
products that are involved in the organization itself, as well as in its
service delivery;
19
processes to become involved in an organization;
robots that are associated with the organization;
services that are provided by the organization to the parties prior to the
conclusion of agreements (contracts).
The objects of standardization in the middle of an organization can be:
Warehouse parts, parts and storage units are divided into parts or products
that are being prepared;
processes of organization and management of production;
management processes;
technological equipment and tools;
technological processes, as well as technological standards and means of
ensuring safety for the lives and health of communities, a healthy environment, as well
as physical and legal conditions;
techniques and methods of design, testing, testing and (or) analysis;
services that are expected in the organization, including social ones;
nomenclature of syrups, materials, component parts, which should be
specified in the organization and etc..
The purposes of developing organizational standards are:
security up to date due to technical regulations;
for the purposes of standardization;
advanced virobnization;
ensuring the quality of products;
security of victorian work and assignment of services;
consolidation in standards of characteristics and parameters of new types
of products, processes, services, testing methods, including technologies, principles of
organization and management of production and other types of activities;
expansion and development of knowledge, results of research (testing),
observation, development, obtained in various areas.
The concept of organization includes:
- commercial organizations;
- community organizations; scientific organizations;
- self-regulating organizations;
- identification of legal entities.
The procedure for unbundling, updating, confirming, registering, issuing,
issuing, reviewing, making changes, and adjusting business standards is established in
compliance with DSTU 1.4. Pobudova, report, registration of the enterprise standard
according to DSTU 1.5.
The standard of acceptance is confirmed by the official who is vested with this
right, with a signature or order with the date of assignment. The standard of business
is not subject to the obligatory obligations of the sovereign, interstate and Galuzian
standards in Ukraine. The enterprise standard does not require registration with the
authorities of the State Standard of Ukraine.
Nutrition for self-control
20
1. Expand the concept of “ normative document ” .
2. Give the meaning of " standard " .
3. What signs are used to classify regulatory documents?
4. Name the main categories and types of standards.
5. What is the standard method for joining the system?
6. What are technical minds?
7. What method is used to break down technical minds?
8. What are the goals of developing organizational standards?
9. What can be the objects of standardization in the middle of an organization?
10. For what kind of minds are Galuzian standards of scientific and technical
organizations being undermined?
Tests
1. The main activity of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is:
A) increasing the importance of international standards;
B) training of leading facists in the field of standardization and confirmation of
conformity;
B) promoting the development of standardization and various types of activities
in the world to ensure the international exchange of goods and services;
D) the establishment of certain national standards on products.
2. Based on the object of standardization, standards are divided into:
A) international, national, Galuzev;
B) fundamental, terminological, methodological, technical minds, work,
processes, services, insanity;
B) international, terminological;
D) information, galuzev.
3. International standards – this:
A) standards adopted by international organizations;
B) standards adopted by the central authorities of the Royal Empire in the sphere
of standardization in other countries;
C) standards adopted by the government bodies of ministries (departments) for
the following galuzes;
D) standards with terminology.
4. The robot standards have Vimogi installed up to:
A) development processes;
B) construction services;
B) singing species works;
D) the volume of products.
5. The following standards are established for products:
A) performance indicators and performance characteristics;
B) methods, principles, order and methods of obtaining samples;
C) methods, methods and techniques for verifying products;
21
D) benefits for products, for which daily national standards.
6. The main method of the system of standards is:
A) establishing an effective sequence of organizational procedures;
B) establishing an effective sequence of technological procedures;
C) establishing an effective sequence of organizational and technological
procedures;
D) training of leading facists in the field of standardization and confirmation of
conformity.
7. What is the maximum term of integrity established for the trial standard?
A) 1 year;
B) 2 years;
B) 3 years;
D) 5 years.
8. Technical minds are checked for conformity with regularity:
A) every year;
B) once for 5 days;
C) once every 10 days;
D) lines without boundaries.
9. The standards of scientific, technical and engineering partnerships are divided
for:
A) the establishment of certain national standards for products;
B) installation of information on products that are produced only at a specific
enterprise;
C) expansion and stagnation of information technologies;
D) expansion and consolidation of systematized and consolidated results of
fundamental and applied research.
10. State registration of technical minds will be established:
A) State Standard of Ukraine;
B) enterprise ;
C) technical committees for standardization of the State Standards Authority of
Ukraine;
D) territorial bodies of the State Compliant with the Standard of Ukraine.
22
Lecture 3. Interstate standardization systems
Meta: the main structural elements of the interstate standardization system, as
well as its fundamental provisions, are examined.
Plan
1. Interstate standardization system.
2. Zagalni provisions.
3. The powers that voted for the adoption of the Interstate standard GOST 1.0 92.
Basic terms and concepts: interstate standardization, interstate standard.
1. International standardization system. Interstate standardization is
standardization, the fate of which is taken by the countries of the Union of Independent
Powers (Friendship of Independent Powers). The result of work with interstate
standardization is interstate standards (GOST).
The interstate standardization system is created by several (two or more) powers.
The results of their extensive work include interstate standards or recommendations
for standardization, adopted by the participating countries either directly or during the
creation and revision of their national standards.
Interstate standardization can occur within the framework of bilateral
agreements between two countries, multiple territories of countries that extend to one
region, or those connected by mutual economic connections.
Interstate standards are an effective way to reduce technical barriers to
interstate economical trade, as they indicate the status of documents that indicate
technical excellence and vigor products. The stink comes from sellers and purchases
not only on the foreign market, but also on the domestic markets of ISO member
countries, which causes high levels of satisfaction with these standards.
2. Zagalni provisions. Representatives of the powers of the former Soviet
Socialist Republic signed the document on February 13, 1992. Congratulations on the
implementation of a similar policy in the field of standardization, which laid the
foundation for a system of interstate standardization . From this document the
following were studied: current GUESTS in the context of interstate standards;
standard base of the Kolishny SRSR as a sleeping area; the need for bilateral
agreements for mutual recognition of standardization, certification and metrology
systems.
The Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IDR)
was created on an inter-regional level . Its main functions are: selection of priority areas
of activity in the field of standardization; submission of draft interstate standards for
approval and adoption of standards. The Rada adopted decisions on obligations for the
powers whose representatives rose to the Rada.
23
The working bodies of the interstate standardization system and the interstate
technical committees of standardization (MTK), which are created to develop interstate
standards and carry out other specific work in the framework of the interstate
standardization.
Interstate Standardization Organization (ISO) . The interstate organization ISO
began functioning on the 23rd of 1947 as a voluntary, non-regular organization. It was
founded on the basis of what was achieved in London in 1946. between representatives
of 25 industrialized countries, an organization has been created that is increasingly
important to coordinate internationally the development of various industry standards
and establish an acceptance procedure They are in accordance with international
standards.
ISO means its mission at the present time: to promote the development of
standardization and various types of activities in the world by ensuring the interstate
exchange of goods and services, as well as the development of modernization in the
intellectual, scientific, technical and economic spheres.
ISO closely aligns with the Interstate Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ,
which is responsible for the field of electrical engineering and electronics. All types of
work are coordinated with ISO and IES standards.
International Electrotechnical Commission (Interstate Electrotechnical
Commission). The IEC organization (IEC), established in 1906, is a voluntary nonroutine organization. Their activities are mainly related to the standardization of the
physical characteristics of electrical and electronic equipment. The IEC pays particular
attention to matters such as electrical testing , testing, disposal, electrical and electronic
safety. Members of the IEC are national organizations (committees) for the
standardization of technologies in various countries, which represent the interests of
their countries in interstate standardization.
3. The powers that voted for the adoption of the Interstate standard GOST
1.0 - 92. Interstate standard - a standard adopted by the countries that were accepted
before the Agreement on the implementation of a good policy in the area of
standardization, metrology and certification, and their steadfastness. Interstate
standards operate in all countries of the SND. Interstate standardization can serve as a
butt for regional standardization, and standards assigned to the GOST index can serve
as regional standards.
The main goals of interstate standardization are:
- protecting the interests of people and other countries involved in the nutritional
content of products, services and processes (further products) to ensure safety for life,
health and safety of the population, protection too much of a middlebrow;
- ensuring the consistency and interchangeability of products and other benefits
that create interstate interest;
- promotion of savings of all types of resources and enhancement of economic
indicators of the development of the participating powers of Ugoda;
24
- the removal of technical barriers to global trade, the promotion of increased
competitiveness of products of participating powers in world commodity markets and
the effective participation of powers in interstate and to the international sector;
- maintaining the security of the sovereign objects of the participating powers to
avoid the occurrence of natural and man-made disasters, as well as other emergency
situations.
The list of countries that voted for the adoption of the Interstate standard GOST
1.0 - 92 is shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Powers that voted for the adoption of the Interstate standard GOST
1.0-92
Name of power
Azerbaijan Republic
Republic of Armenia
Republic of Belarus
Georgia
Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Republic of Moldova
Russian Federation
Republic of Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
Ukraine
Name of the national standardization body
Azgosstandard
Armgosstandart
State Standard of Belarus
Gruzstandart
State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstandard
Moldovastandard
Derzhstandart of Russia
Tajikgosstandart
Head State Inspectorate of Turkmenistan
Uzgosstandart
State Standard of Ukraine
Nutrition for self-control
1. What is Interstate Standardization? Is it history or guilt?
2. What is the object of interstate standardization?
3. In what forms does Ukraine’s international cooperation in the field of
standardization take place?
4. What international and regional standardization organizations are you
familiar with?
5. What is the significance of the MAV Law for the formation of a
standardization system in Ukraine?
6. Give the definition of “ interstate standard ” ?
7. What methods of standardization exist?
8. Describe the Interstate Organization for Standardization (ISO).
9. What are the main functions of MDR?
10. Name the cores and working parts of ISO.
Tests
1. When was the national standardization system of Ukraine created?
25
A) 1993;
B) 1992;
B) 1991;
D) 1990.
2. When was an interstate standardization system created?
A) 1991;
B) 1992;
B) 1994;
D) 1995.
3. When was the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created?
A) 1970;
B) 1956;
B) 1946;
D) 1936.
4. What document was responsible for interstate standardization?
A) Decree “On the protection of the rights of property owners”;
B) Decree “On standardization and certification”;
B) Please “About the implementation of a good policy in the field of
standardization, metrology and certification;
D) Decree “On ensuring the unity of extinction.”
5. Which body is a permanently functioning working body in the sphere of
interstate standardization?
A) Technical Secretariat;
B) Technical Committee;
B) Technical Council;
D) National body for standardization.
6. What is the body of the Interstate for standardization. Does metrology and
certification carry the status of a legal entity?
A) Technical Secretariat;
B) Technical Committee;
B) Technical Council;
D) National body for standardization.
7. What is interstate standardization?
A) Standardization of objects that are of international interest;
B) Standardization of objects that are of interstate interest;
C) Standardization of objects that are of state interest;
D) Standardization of objects, which may be of national interest for the countries
of the LIC.
8. International (regional) standards:
A) obov'yazkovi for vikonanny;
B) recommendations;
B) voluntary for Vikonanny;
D) obov'yazkovі okremi vymoga.
9. In what way are Galuzev’s product standards broken down:
26
A) in the presence of international standards;
B) in the presence of national standards of Ukraine and stronger support for
galouze products;
C) if necessary, the approval of technical minds for products;
D) if necessary, approval of regulatory documents on the conformity of products
is possible.
10. The regulatory document of the sovereign standards of Ukraine is:
A) GSTU;
B) GSTU, STTU;
B) TUU, STP;
D) DSTU.
27
Lecture 4. Standardization in international and foreign countries
Meta: get to know this standardization in international and foreign countries,
and with the American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), British
Standards Institute (BSI), French the Standardization Association, the German
Standards Institute and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC).
Plan
1. American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National
Institute of Standards & Technology .
2. British Standards Institute (BSI).
3. French Association for Standardization.
4. German Standards Institute.
5. Japanese Industry Standards Committee (JISC).
Basic terms and concepts: standard, international standardization, certification,
metrology, national standardization.
1. American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
National Institute of Standards & Technology .
NIST is a non-profit organization that coordinates voluntary standardization
efforts in the private sector, promotes the activities of standards-setting organizations,
and makes decisions about standards. the standard has national status (as in the new
connection between different companies and the standard assumes a cross-cutting
character).
NIST headquarters is located in Gaithersbury , Maryland . In addition, NIST may
have been located near Boulder , Colorado. NIST members include over 1,300 firms,
over 400 manufacturing and trading companies, science, technology and engineering
partnerships. The Institute's staff consists of 2,900 full-time practitioners, and 1,800
associated military specialists, representatives of American companies and foreign
specialists.
NIST does not separate standards, but is the only organization in the United
States that adopts (approves) national (federal) standards. This corresponds to the main
task of NIST - the solution of the most important problems that may be of global
importance (saving energy resources, protecting excess pollution, ensuring the safety
of the lives of people and the minds of production).
The Institute develops whole programs. Program-targeted planning takes care of
the production and transportation of firewood, the supply of electricity, the stagnation
of nuclear, solar and other types of energy. Significantly less respect is given to the
development of standards for finished products, since there are company regulatory
documents in this area.
The standards are developed by reputable organizations accredited by the
American National Standards Institute (over 400 companies and organizations). The
28
most prominent ones are: American Partnership for Testing and Materials (ASTM
International ); American Partnership for Quality Control (ASQC); American Society
of Mechanical Engineers (ASME); Association of Automotive Engineers (SAE
International ), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and others.
Budget (2013) NIST becomes 769.4 million dol .. The structure of funding for
the Institute is:
- 37 % - contributions of organizations and member firms;
- 15% - development of special programs for the recruitment of organizations;
- 47% - supply for the sale of various items;
- other income - 1%.
The institute is dominated by a director, who has three sub-directors, a staff
manager and a senior administrator.
The Institute operates six laboratories and centers, which are subordinated to one
of the Vice-Directors:
engineering laboratory Laboratory , EL);
laboratory of information technologies Technology Laboratory , ITL);
laboratory of materials science Measurement Laboratory , MML);
Laboratory of Physical Vimiryuvan ( eng . Physical Measurement
Laboratory , PML);
nanotechnology center for Nano scale Science and Technology , CNST);
Neutron Research Center ( NIST Center ) for Neutron Research , NCNR).
NIST has seven permanent committees and is pleased to:
Committee for the Development of Technical Support Guidelines
Development Committee (TGDC);
advisory committee for changes in the safety of the earthtrus ( English :
Advisory) Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction (ACEHR);
national advisory committee for public safety Construction Safety Team
Advisory Committee ; NCST Advisory Committee );
Privacy Advisory Council ( eng . Information Security and Privacy
Advisory Board ; ISPAB);
inspection commission with advanced technologies ( English : Visiting
Committee on Advanced Technology (VCAT);
Member of the Baldrige National Program National Quality Program
Board of Overseers ; BNQP Board of Overseers );
Advisory Council for Expanding Manufacturing Partnership Extension
Partnership National Advisory Board ; MEPNAB).
In the summer of 2018, researchers from NIST created the first silicon chip of
its kind to accommodate a unique neural network that operates on the principles of
functioning of the human brain. The main advantage of the new chip over other similar
chips is that it replaces electrical signals with optical signals, which, in turn, allows
neural networks to function literally because of the brightness of the light.
" When creating a new chip, we implemented two speeches at once " - write the
pre-sledniks, - " We have created a third space vimir to realize the possibility of optical
connection of adjacent nodes and developed a new vimirvanation technique that allows
29
us to quickly and accurately determine the characteristics of the photonic computing
system. two speeches are of great significance through those that we are beginning to
approach until the creation of the first large-scale optoelectronic neuromorphic
computing systems . "
2. British Standards Institute (BSI).
British Standards Institute ( eng . British Standards Institution , BSI) is the
national standardization body of Great Britain. Beginning its activity in 1901, it became
a committee of engineers that set standards for steel. These standards were adopted by
British industries to produce clearer and more competitive products. BSI is a member
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
BSI Group has been a leader in this business solution in the field of Systems
Management for organizations around the world for over 100 years. BSI Group
provides the largest range of services with certification of Management Systems and
Products, standardization and all types of innovation.
The BSI Group has 2,274 employees on staff. Over 2000 British National
Standards (BSI) are being published rapidly.
BSI activities:
services and solutions to management systems;
services from assessments and certification;
product certification;
development of management systems;
standards and publications;
CE marking.
The British Standards Institute is the world's largest lighting standards provider,
covering all aspects of the global economy from intellectual property protection to the
technical specifications of personal protection systems. The British Standards Center
is based in London and has extensive links with national standards institutes in other
countries.
3. French Association for Standardization.
The national organization for standardization in France is the French Association
for Standardization (AFNOR), which has the following functions:
organization, management and coordination of standardization activities;
analysis of applications for standards and identification of demand for
new standards;
development and adoption of national standards;
control over their activities;
promotion and sales of standards;
development of river programs for standardization in accordance with
national priorities for economic development;
management of product labeling activities in accordance with the national
standard NF, which is gradually being introduced as new - AFNOR;
initiation, preparation and retraining of facists;
appearance of France in international organizations for standardization.
30
While committed to standardization, AFNOR's activities include certification,
metrology, control and quality control.
The national standardization system of France, under the methodical supervision
of AFNOR, has Galouze standardization bureaus (over 30). They are organized by the
Administrative Council of AFNOR, and are approved by the state governing bodies.
Galuzev's bureaus are mainly dedicated to standardization in Galuz, but not all galuz
are bureaus of standardization. When a ministry like Galuzev decides to carry out
standardization work, AFNOR creates a specialized commission of representatives of
industrial enterprises, scientific research and technical centers, the association of coworkers, which becomes the main working body.
The procedure for preparing and adopting the national standard goes through the
following stages:
research aimed at changing the needs in the standard and planning of
work;
development of standards by groups of experts in bureaus and
commissions for standardization;
review and assessment of the standard in the national association;
t vergence of the standard by the President of AFNOR;
registration and publication. The entire period from development to
publication takes 1-1.5 days.
AFNOR has a lot of respect for the manufacturing companies and businesses
that work with it. The representatives of the association carry out periodic monitoring
of their agreements with the standardization services. The subject of such investigation
may be the identification and organization of standardization work, the role of quality
control in their activities, problems with the establishment of specific standards, and
mutual relations. enterprises with partners. The results of the investigation are based
on qualified recommendations.
In addition to standardization, the French National Association deals with
certification problems, providing services to companies and enterprises with the
certification of products and water safety systems. The certification service consists of
three subdivisions, which include:
- certification of products and assignment of the mark of conformity to the
French standard;
- assessment of water safety systems at enterprises and provision of reliable
certificates;
- certification of information technologies.
Certification to comply with national standards and third party certification, the
role of which is AFNOR. However, as a result, there is decentralization of activities
through the assignment of a certification mark - the field of certification of jacuzzi
systems is often transferred to other organizations, such as the French Association for
Safe Food. Regarding the scale of certification for compliance with national standards,
the fact is that it is over 110 thousand. Products are labeled with the French mark of
conformity.
4. German Standards Institute.
31
In 1917 the creation of the Committee of Standards for Industrial Machinery,
which honors the date of the national standardization system in Germany. The
Committee of the Two changed its name: in 1926. - German Committee for Standards
in 1975 German Institute for Standardization DIN.
3 1990 r. Tests were taken to organize data from the Office of Standardization,
Metrology and Product Control of the national organization of a large number of
NDRs, as a result of which a decision was made to develop a single standard documents
of the United Kingdom, which are required to comply with international and European
standards. Why is it that the German Station Institute has become the national
standardization organization of Germany and the only important representative of the
country in international ISOs and IES and European SENs SENELEC standardization
organizations.
The fundamental standard DIN 820 defines the principles of action of the
German national standardization organization:
voluntariness is ensured by the right of any individual to take part in the
creation of the standard, and normative documents are of a recommendatory nature;
transparency is realized by the publication of all draft standards and
acceptance of all critical respect;
the share of all parties involved is the equality of all parties due to the
standardization of legal features;
The uniformity and consistency are reflected in the established rules and
procedures to ensure the uniformity of all standardization systems, and in the
obligatory revision of newly adopted standards on them understanding of current
regulatory documents;
specificity is consistent with the current scientific and technical level;
orientation towards the ultimate benefit is indicated by the rule: the benefit
for the entire region prevails over the benefit of the other side;
focus on economic reality means that only absolutely necessary features
are included in the standard, since standardization is not an end in itself;
The international nature of standardization - the activity of DIN is aimed
at the elimination of technical barriers to trade and the creation of a single market in
Europe, at the establishment of international and European standards. DIN consists of
the main organization and its subsidiaries.
National standardization in Germany for the cultivation of footweeds: everyday
life, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, precision mechanics and optics,
photography and cinematography, documentation and business, health care, nuclear
technology, agricultural government, pharmaceutical production, machinery and
shipbuilding, aviation, sports and permits, fashion, jewelry and dentistry, water
government and sewerage and drainage other In particular, standardization is carried
out in the area of safety of goods and services, to protect against excessive consistency
and create fundamental standards.
National German standards are of a recommendatory nature and are viewed not
as legal norms, but as fundamental rules of technology. In the field of manufacturing,
the stagnation of standards is affected by the world of unrecognized technical behavior.
32
The obligatory nature of the national standard increases as it expands to the same area
as federal legislative norms.
5. Japanese Industry Standards Committee (JISC).
The national organization for standardization of Japan - the Japanese Industry
Standards Committee JISC was founded in 1949. It is an advisory body to the Ministry
of Foreign Trade and Industry, supporting the Department of Science and Technology,
which approves the work plans of JISC, and has contributed to the standardization of
its department according to This essentially changes the role of the JISC secretariat.
The JISC warehouse includes: Rada for Standardization, Galuzev Branches,
Technical Committees. I am glad to hold general conferences on standardization of the
Committee, planning the work and monitoring the implementation of plans. For the
sake of the Galuzev departments and technical committees of hundreds of them, they
develop standards for the main Galuzev industry and everyday life.
The members of all technical committees are appointed by the Minister of
Foreign Trade and Industry. Call these representatives of scientific and business teams,
practitioners, officials of government institutions, representatives of organizations
producing goods and related products. The President and Vice President attend General
Conference once every two days. The activities of JISC are financed by the
government.
According to the Standardization Law in Japan, there are national industry
standards, Galouze standards of industry associations and company standards.
Nutrition for self-control
1. What does the American National Technology and Standards Institute cover?
2. What laboratories operate in the NIST warehouse?
3. In what role did BSI develop its activity?
4. What is the activity of the British Standards Institute?
5. What are the functions of the French Association for Standardization?
6. Rework the steps of the preparation procedure and compliance with the
national AFNOR standard.
7. What kind of galusa are covered by national standardization in Germany?
8. What is the name of the German Institute for Standardization DIN
9. What is the origin of the Japanese Industry Standards Committee?
10. What does it take to get to the JISC warehouse?
Tests
1. Standard - price:
A) law;
B) regulatory document;
B) practical rules;
33
D) each correct type.
2. The purpose of international standardization is :
A) regarding national standards;
B) dissolution of the natural world;
C) removal of technical barriers to trade;
D) mutual understanding in business transactions.
3. International (regional) standards:
A) obov'yazkovi for vikonanny;
B) recommendations;
B) voluntary for Vikonanny;
D) obov'yazkovі kremi vymoga.
4. What is interstate standardization?
A) standardization of objects that are of international interest;
B) standardization of objects that may be of interstate interest;
C) standardization of objects that are of state interest;
D) standardization of objects, which may be of national interest for the countries
of the LIC.
5. Type of standardization, which is open to the relevant bodies of all countries:
A) regional;
B) international;
B) national;
C) sovereign.
6. What is the origin of the Japanese Industry Standards Committee?
A) 1949;
B) 1947;
B) 1948;
D) 1950 r..
7. The national organization for standardization in France is:
A) BSI;
B) JISC;
B) NIST;
D) AFNOR.
8. The entire period from development to publication in AFNOR takes:
A) 1-1.5 years;
B) 2 years;
B) 3 years;
D) more than 5 rocks.
9. Already over 100 years old, the leader of this business solution in Galusi
Systems Management of organizations around the world:
A) BSI Group ;
B) JISC;
B) NIST;
D) AFNOR.
34
10. A non-profit non-profit organization that coordinates work on voluntary
standardization in the private sector of the economy, maintains the activity of standards
development organizations and makes decisions about standards standard national
status - tse:
A) BSI Group ;
B) JISC;
B) NIST;
D) AFNOR.
35
Lecture 5. Economic efficiency of standardization
Meta: The methodological basis of the effectiveness of standardization is
examined, the essence of economic efficiency is revealed, the main indicators and
methods of measuring economic efficiency.
Plan
1. Understanding the cost-effectiveness of standardization.
2. The main indicators of the economic efficiency of standards.
3. Value of economic efficiency of standards.
4. Technical efficiency of standards.
5. Social effectiveness of standardization.
Basic terms and concepts: Standardization, economic efficiency of
standardization, savings, waste, technical efficiency, social efficiency, indicators of
efficiency.
1. Understanding the cost-effectiveness of standardization.
The importance of the cost-effectiveness of standardization is a complex issue
that affects the entire economy of the region. The economic problems of
standardization are organically combined with scientific and technological progress
and the economy of various galuzes. The most important function of standardization is
the rapid introduction and development of new technology, current technologies, which
will lead to an increase in the quality of goods and services. Regulatory documents
establish the main indicators of goods and services that are produced and expected
today, as well as indicators of these products in the future, including the inclusion of
promising benefits in them. Therefore, the effectiveness of standardization essentially
has the effect of promoting scientific and technological progress in material production
based on the methods and methods of standardization.
The effectiveness of standardization is manifested in the fact that standards as
documents, although apparently of low quality, when implemented, allow the
improvement of activities, products, services, and therefore , the reduction of profits,
which are often several orders of magnitude Great for the quality of the purchased
standard. The effectiveness of standardization is evidenced by examples that show that
ignoring standards results in significant losses for the company for a number of reasons,
for example, due to the fact that its products were not certified for conformity to a
specific standard, the company may incur additional costs for processing the product,
bringing it into compliance with any standards that exist in the exporter's country.
The effectiveness of standardization is reflected in the following main types:
- economical;
- technical;
- social.
2. The main indicators of the economic efficiency of standards.
36
Indicators of economic efficiency are numerical indicators of activity that help
to determine the level of achievement of goals or optimality of the process.
As indicators of the economic efficiency of the work, the following are
highlighted:
- economy (E) - the amount of the total change in expenditures in the national
government of the region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard
(group of standards) per unit of standardized products (services);
- spending ( B) - the amount of the total increase in expenditures in the national
government of the region due to the establishment of a specific standard (group of
standards) per unit of standardized products (services);
- economical effect per unit of product (service) - the amount of sub-bag change
in costs during production, use, storage (operation) and disposal of one standardized
product (service), calculated as the difference between savings ( E ) і vitratami ( B ).
Moreover, the importance of the economical effect of standardization makes it possible
to bring the performance indicators into line with the current achievements of science
and technology;
- economical efficiency of work due to standardization - connection with the
economic effect and costs of the national government of the region in connection with
the requirements of a specific standard (group of standards).
3. Value of economic efficiency of standards.
It is recommended to use the following types of standards when developing and
establishing the following types of standards:
- standard for products and services that establishes technical capabilities or
technical intelligence;
- standard for robots (processes);
- standard for control methods.
It is important to note the importance of economic efficiency, the extent of
accumulation of economical inheritances of standardization, the scale of expansion (the
economy as a whole, industry, enterprise) and the period The time at which
developments are completed (stage of development to the standard, implementation of
the standard, release and operation of standard products"), there is a classification of
types of economic efficiency (Table 1.5).
Table 1.5 Classification of types of cost-effective standardization
Vidi
economical
Classification
efficiency
sign
standardization
Absolutely
Meta meaning:
comparable
- identification of a
halal effect;
- significant
coefficient of
economic
efficiency;
Place of different types
Absolutely - is indicated in the economy as a
whole and in addition to the growth of
national income in constant prices, as per the
risks, before the period of validity of the
normative document and the term of service
standard products.
37
Rozrakhunkov
a
factual
General
private
- choose the best
effective directions
and options for
standardization.
Stage of
implementation
plans:
- development;
- implementation of
regulatory
documents;
- production of
standard products;
- operation of
standard products.
Plenty of burial
legacy
of
standardization.
Comparable - is indicated when choosing the
shortest possible entry option before
standardization and characterizes the
advantages of one option over others
Project - is determined at the stage of
planning standardization based on the
aggregation of data.
Rozrakhunkova - is determined on the basis
of regulatory data, which is obtained from
the issuance of regulatory documents at a
specific enterprise or in a local department.
Factual - determined on the basis of factual
data obtained as a result of the release and
operation of standardized products in
specific departments and businesses
Private - characterizes the cost-effectiveness
of various types of regulatory documents and
the private effect that can be achieved in
various areas of the creation and continuation
of standard products
4. Technical efficiency of standards.
The technical efficiency of work and standardization can be reflected in the
visible indicators of technical effects obtained as a result of the standardization: for
example, increased levels of safety, reduced costs inflows and wastes (effluents),
reduced energy intensity of production and operation, increased resource, reliability,
etc.
Due to technical efficiency, standardization allows:
- bring indicators of the quality of products in line with the achievements of
scientific and technological progress;
- comprehensively link the power of raw materials, materials, beverages and
finished products;
- short term, difficulty in developing and mastering the production of new types
of products;
- organize the documentation system;
- promote the level of specialization in production.
5. Social effectiveness of standardization.
Social efficiency lies in the fact that the social benefits of production (processes
and services) are implemented in practice and are positively reflected in the health and
well-being of the population, as well as in other social significant aspects. This is
reflected in the indicators of a decrease in the level of viral injuries, the level of illness,
38
an increase in the severity of life, an improvement in the socio-psychological climate,
etc.
As a rule, the social effect of standardization is not amenable to direct
stimulation. Often the development and implementation of a set of standards (for
example, in children's food) not only does not save a lot of money, but also generates
additional costs. However, as a result of standardization, the effect of improved health
is a great social achievement.
Nutrition for self-control
1. What is the most important function of standardization?
2. In what ways is the effectiveness of standardization expressed?
3. Revise the main indicators of cost-effectiveness of standards.
4. What is the economic efficiency of work due to standardization?
5. What types of standards should be used to achieve cost-effectiveness?
6. What is the goal of absolutely equal economic efficiency?
7. What are the types of cost-effectiveness?
8. How can the technical efficiency of work be reflected in standardization?
9. What does standardization of technical efficiency allow?
10. What is social effectiveness?
Tests
1. The most important function of standardization is:
A) accelerated introduction and mastery of new equipment, current technologies,
which will lead to advancement and improvement of the quality of goods and services;
B) connection with the economic effect and costs of the national government of
the region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard (group of
standards);
C) selection of the most effective directions and standardization options;
D) significant coefficient of economic efficiency.
2. The effectiveness of standardization is reflected in the following main types:
A) economical, practical, social;
B) private, social, technical;
B) economical, technical, social;
D) private, practical, economical.
3. Main indicators of the economic efficiency of standards:
A) savings, costs, economic effect per unit of product, economic efficiency of
work due to standardization;
B) savings, costs, economic efficiency of work due to standardization;
C) disbursement, saving, spending;
D) savings, costs, economic effect per unit of product, production of standard
products.
4. Economic effect per unit of product (service) - this is:
39
A) the amount of the total increase in expenditures in the national state of the
region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard (group of standards)
per unit of standardized products (services);
B) the amount of per-bag change in waste during the production, waste, storage
and disposal of one standardized product is calculated as the difference between
savings and waste;
C) the amount of the total change in expenditures in the national government of
the region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard (group of
standards) per unit of standardized products (services);
D) connection with the economic effect and costs of the national government of
the region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard (group of
standards).
5. It is recommended to achieve economic efficiency when developing and
establishing the following types of standards:
A) standard for vitrati, standard for products;
B) standard for robots (processes), standard for methods and control;
C) standard for products and services, standard for work (processes);
D) standard for products and services, standard for robots (processes), standard
for control methods.
6. Types of cost-effective standardization:
A) absolutely equal, economical, technical, rozrakhunka factual, secretly
private;
B) absolute pivnyalna, rozrakhunkova factual, zagalna private;
B) social, economical, technical, secretly private;
D) economical, technical, social.
7. Private economic efficiency:
A) characterizes the economic effectiveness of other types of regulatory
documents;
B) is determined at the stage of planning standardization based on the
aggregation of data;
C) is indicated when choosing the shortest possible entry option before
standardization and characterizes the advantages of one option over others;
D) is determined on the basis of factual data obtained as a result of the release
and operation of standardized products.
8. Due to technical efficiency, standardization allows:
A) promote the level of specialization of production;
B) order the documentation system:
C) comprehensively link the power of raw materials, materials, beverages and
finished products;
D) all options have been specified.
9. The technical efficiency of work due to standardization can be reflected in:
A) related to the increase in national income in equal prices, as uninsurance is
due, before the period of validity of the regulatory document;
40
B) demonstrable indications of technical effects obtained as a result of the
implementation of the standard;
C) due to the economic effect and costs of the national state of the region in
connection with the establishment of a specific standard;
D) normative data, which is removed when normative documents are issued at a
specific enterprise or in a local department.
10. Social efficiency is reflected in:
A) indications of a decrease in the level of viral injuries;
B) level of illness, increase in the triviality of life;
C) indicators of a decrease in the rate of viral injuries, the rate of illness, an
increase in the severity of life, an improvement in the socio-psychological climate, etc.;
D) enhancement of the socio-psychological climate.
41
Lecture 6 . Organization of work with certification in Ukraine
Meta: get acquainted with the state certification system in Ukraine, its
organizational structure, and also characterize the activities of national certification
authorities and the Ukrainian primary center standardization and metrology.
Plan
1. State certification system in Ukraine.
2. Organizational structure.
3. National bodies with certification.
4. Ukrainian Headquarters Center for Standardization and Metrology.
Basic
terms
and
concepts:
Derzhspozhivstandart, DP " UkrNDNC " .
UkrSEPRO,
System UkrSEPRO,
1. State certification system in Ukraine. State certification system
(UkrSEPRO) - Ukrainian national certification system, which includes 149 bodies with
certification of products (robots, services) and 811 testing laboratories (centers).
The Law of Ukraine " On technical regulations and assessment of conformity "
was amended to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine " On standardization
and certification " dated May 10, 1993 No. 46-93, together with ya za 1 January
2018 The fate is affected by the Decree and the state certification system attributes its
activity.
The national certification system was created on the basis of the European
Council in order to restore order to the fragile market of Ukraine during the transition
period to a market economy.
The Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine " On standardization and
certification " is of great importance not only for commercial products and services,
but also for the removal of technical barriers to trade Between the edges of the SND,
some similar approaches to the liquid market were introduced in all the edges of the
SND.
The evidence of the work being carried out with certification in the national
certification system showed the requirement for a voluntary assessment of the type of
product that does not fall under the scope of technical requirements. regulations, and
keep track of the extracted reliable information about it.
Highly obvious needs of the Ukrainian industry from a competent assessment of
the product type by a third independent party, as well as the need for assistance in
obtaining reliable information about quality and safety of goods and services, DP "
UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " having created the UkrSEPRO Voluntary
Certification System (UkrSEPRO System) , which has removed the greatest evidence
from the sovereign certification system and is based on its basic principles and
approaches to assessing the type of product, work, service.
The UkrSEPRO system can be found on:
42
avoiding the sale of products that are unsafe for the life, health and safety
of communities and the excessive natural environment;
creation of minds for the participation of business entities in international
economic, scientific and technological development and international trade;
teamwork in a competent selection of products, work, services.
The UkrSEPRO system transfers the results to work in its bodies with
certification, which have a positive reputation, acquired during the time of work in the
state certification system, high technical competence, significant Evidence of work in
the field of performance assessment.
DP " UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " has broken down the Regulations on the
voluntary certification system of UkrSEPRO, which establishes the procedure for
revoking the right of certification bodies to carry out work from the UkrSEPRO
System.
The organizational structure of the Voluntary System of UkrSEPRO is
established by:
DP " UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " ;
Scientific and Technical Council of the UkrSEPRO System;
certified organizations - members of the UkrSEPRO System (OS).
DP " UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " is the head organization of the
UkrSEPRO System, which operates underground care, organizes and coordinates the
work to ensure its functioning, including:
means the basic principles, structure and rules of the UkrSEPRO system;
arranges agreements, including international ones, regarding the
recognition of work entered into within the framework of the UkrSEPRO System;
makes decisions and arranges agreements for membership of bodies with
certification in the UkrSEPRO System;
examines new foods from testing and updating the rules of product
certification;
forms and hardens the warehouse of scientific and technical information
for the UkrSEPRO System;
maintains a database of types of certifications in the UkrSEPRO System;
The ongoing monitoring and inspection supervision of the work was
carried out by the UkrSEPRO System and the correctness of the work carried out by
OS-members of the UkrSEPRO System.
The scientific and technical department is pleased to establish proposals to
improve the functioning of the UkrSEPRO System, and also to:
the principles of implementing a unified policy in the UkrSEPRO System
in the field of assessing the quality of products;
establishing membership in the UkrSEPRO System and accepting new
members in the UkrSEPRO System;
the order of rozrakhunku vartosti robіt;
Consideration of the appeal regarding the activity of OS members of the
UkrSEPRO System.
43
I am pleased to review the feasibility of the OS part of the UkrSEPRO System
and follow the results of the review of the DP proposal "
UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " .
The meeting is to be held for the sake of clarity of at least 7 members for the
sake of the presence of representatives of all relevant parties. The decision is made by
voting with the majority of votes of the Rady members present at the meeting.
In the activity of the UkrSEPRO System, the participation of the certification
body, regardless of the form of authority, is satisfied with the capabilities installed in
the UkrSEPRO System and has entered into a subcontract with the DP "
UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " .
2. Organizational structure. The organizational structure of UkrSEPRO is
established by:
- national body with certification - State Standard of Ukraine;
- national body with accreditation - National agency with accreditation of
Ukraine (NAAU);
- scientific and technical commission;
- certification bodies for products;
- certification bodies for hydration systems;
- testing laboratories (centers);
- expert auditors;
- scientific-methodological and information center;
- State enterprises " Standardmetrology " State Compliance with the Standard of
Ukraine;
- territorial management in the right to protect the rights of residents;
- Ukrainian Primary Science Center for Standardization, Metrology and
Certification.
The State Standard of Ukraine has new functions:
expands the strategy for the development of certification in Ukraine;
organizes and coordinates work to ensure the functioning of the System;
cooperation with national certification bodies of other powers and
international organizations to carry out certification activities;
organizes the development and improvement of organizational and
methodological documents of the System;
establishes the basic principles, rules and structure of the system, as well
as the sign of validity and the rules of its status;
forms and hardens the warehouse of the Scientific and Technical
Commission;
organizes information security activities with certification in the System;
solidifies the transfer of products, which furthers the obligatory
certification.
The National Agency for Accreditation of Ukraine has the following main
function: to carry out accreditation of certification bodies and testing laboratories,
certify expert auditors, inspection control over the activities of these bodies and
individuals.
44
The Scientific and Technical Commission has new functions:
forms a unified policy for the maintenance, functioning and improvement
of the System;
make proposals in cooperation with national authorities of other powers
and international organizations with certification.
The product certification body has the following functions:
Actively manages the certification system for the product range assigned
to it and bears responsibility for its functioning, and itself, for uncertified or illegal
submission certificates of conformity, certificates of production and confirmation of
work, as well as for violation of the rules of the System;
divides organizational and methodological documents with certification
of associated products;
indicates the scheme and procedure for certification of certified products;
organizes and carries out certification of production;
maintains technical supervision of certified products and their production;
We see certificates of conformity for products and certification of
production.
Bodies with certification of jacuzzi systems are designated by the National
Certification Authority. The certification body for hydration systems has the following
main functions:
dissects organizational and methodological documents related to the
certification of nuclear power systems;
organizes and carries out certification of hydration systems;
organizes and carries out certification of production after submitting the
product certification to the body;
carries out technical supervision of certified battery systems and certified
production;
You can see the certificate for the jacuzzi system.
Testing laboratories (centers) will perform the following functions:
carry out testing of products that are certified, consistent with the scope
of accreditation, and create testing protocols;
take part in the proposal to the certification body in conducting technical
supervision of the production of certified products, and in the proposal of the National
certification body - carried out inspection control;
take part in the proposal to the certification body in the certification of the
production of products that are being certified.
Expert-auditors who are certified in the System and entered into the System
register, upon authorization of the National Certification Authority, can conduct work
related to product certification.
The scientific, methodological and information center has the following main
functions:
ongoing development and improvement of organizational and
methodological documents of the System;
45
prepares and submits proposals and draft legislation in the field of
standardization to the National Authority for certification;
carry out an analysis of the feasibility of enterprises and the organization
of recognition by their bodies with certification, the identification of functions of
testing laboratories (centers), ongoing examination of their output documents and the
prepared proposals of the National Authority with its current accreditation in the
System;
prepares proposals for product nomenclature, which supports mandatory
certification;
take part in the inspection control over the activities of bodies with
certification entrusted to the National Certification Authority.
State enterprises " Standardmetrology " Following the Ukrainian standard,
the following basic functions are established:
carry out inspection control over compliance with the rules of the System,
authorized by the National Authority for certification;
carry out technical supervision of the quality of performance of certified
products during the production process;
Provide methodical assistance to enterprises in preparation for
accreditation of their testing laboratories, product certification, testing systems and
certification of production.
The Ukrainian Basic Science Center for Standardization, Metrology and
Certification carries out the initial and advanced qualifications of facists in the field of
certification.
3. National bodies with certification. The State Committee of Ukraine for
technical regulation and sustainable policy is the national authority of Ukraine for
certification.
State Committee of Ukraine for Technical Regulation and Living Policy
(Derzhspozhystandart) from 2002 to 2011 rocks; The creation of the State Committee
of Ukraine for Standardization, Metrology and Certification in order to improve the
effectiveness of the implementation of government policy in the sphere of protecting
the rights of people living in the world (Derzhstandart of Ukraine).
The main tasks of the State Standard were: ensuring the implementation of the
state policy in the sphere of protecting the rights of residents, standardization,
metrology and certification, industrial management in this sphere, as well as Inter-unit
coordination and functional regulation for the protection of the rights of residents,
standardization, metrology and certification.
On the basis of the State Standard, the State Inspectorate of Ukraine was created
to protect the rights of residents ( the State Inspectorate of Ukraine).
After the administrative reform, the central body of the imperial government in
the field of standardization became the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
of Ukraine, one of the tasks of which is the implementation of government policy in
spheres of technical regulation - standardization, metrology, certification, assessment
(confirmation) of conformity, fluid management.
46
The Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 26, 2014 No.
1163-r stipulated that the functions of the national standardization body of the new
state " Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute" and the main center for problems of
standardization, certification and quality " (DP " UkrNDNC " ).
State Inspectorate of Ukraine for the protection of the rights of residents ( State
Inspectorate of Ukraine) - the largest central body of the royal government in Ukraine,
approved on the 6th quarter of 2011 year. In 2014 a series of additions to the newly
created State Service of Ukraine regarding the nutritional safety of grub products and
the protection of living conditions. The State Housing Inspectorate of Ukraine is
responsible for the implementation of the state policy of maintaining state control in
the area of protecting the rights of residents.
4. Ukrainian Headquarters Center for Standardization and Metrology.
State Enterprise " Ukrainian Scientific Research and Primary Center for Problems of
Standardization, Certification and Quality " (DP " UkrNDNC " ) - the national
enterprise of standardization and certification in Ukraine is subject to the State
Standard of Ukraine; creations in 1992 Roci as the Ukrainian Scientific Research and
Primary Center for Standardization Problems ( UkrNDISSI ), and then liquidated in
2003 roci (updates as DP " UkrNDNC " in 2014 (rotsi).
The central body of the Royal Empire in the field of standardization ( UkrNDNC
) organizes, coordinates and promotes the activities of disaggregation, praise,
acceptance, revision, change, expansion of national standards in accordance with the
Law and as a national standardization body, it represents Ukraine in international and
regional standardization organizations.
The following main functions operate:
will ensure the implementation of the state policy in the field of
standardization;
strives to harmonize separate national standards with similar international
(regional) standards;
take part in a comprehensive set of technical regulations and other legal
acts that support standardization;
establishes rules for the division, praise, acceptance, review, change and
loss of national standards, their designation, classification by types and other marks,
coding and registration;
lives when entering schodo vykonannya goiter'yazan, participation in
international (regional) standardization organizations;
cooperates in the field of standardization with the subsidiary bodies of
other powers;
forms a work program for standardization and coordinates its
implementation;
praises the decision to create and implement the activities of the technical
committees of standardization, indicating their renewed importance and order of
creation;
47
organizes the creation and maintenance of the National Fund of
Regulatory Documents and the National Center for International Information Network,
providing information services from food standardization.
Nutrition for self-control
1. Meta Systems UkrSEPRO.
2. How to establish the organizational structure of the Voluntary System of
UkrSEPRO?
3. How do you establish the organizational structure of UkrSEPRO?
4. Introduce the main functions of the DP " UkrNDNC " .
5. What is the state of affairs on the basis of Derzhspozhivstandart?
6. Outline the functions of the scientific, methodological and information center.
7. Introduce the functions that are used in testing laboratories (centers).
8. Establish the functions of the Scientific and Technical Commission.
9. Establish the functions of a national agency with the accreditation of Ukraine.
10. To bring the functions of the state enterprises " Standardmetrology " into line
with the standards of Ukraine.
Tests
1. Ukrainian national certification system, which includes 149 bodies with
certification of products (robots, services) and 811 testing laboratories (centers):
A) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
B) UkrSEPRO;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
D) DP " UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " .
2. The State Inspectorate of Ukraine for the protection of the rights of residents
( State Inspectorate of Ukraine) was created:
A) April 6, 2011;
B) May 17, 2001 r.;
B) August 24, 1993 r.;
D) April 6, 2014 r..
3. The State Committee of Ukraine for Technical Regulation and Living Policy
(Sovereign Standard) based on:
A) from 1991 to 2015 rocks;
B) from 2001 to 2005 rocks;
C) from 2002 to 2011;
D) from 2014 to 2015 rocks.
4. The state standardization and certification in Ukraine is subject to the State
Standard of Ukraine:
A) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
B) UkrSEPRO;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
48
D) DP " UKRMETRESTSTANDART " .
5. The main organization of the UkrSEPRO System, which is responsible for
underground maintenance, organizes and coordinates the work to ensure the safe
functioning of:
A) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
B) UkrSEPRO;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
D) DP " UKRMETRESTSTANDART " .
6. Safe implementation of government policy in the sphere of protection of
human rights, standardization, metrology and certification, operational management in
this sphere, as well as inter-regional coordination and functional regulation of food
protection of food rights, standardization, metrology and certification - was on this
organization:
A) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
B) UkrSEPRO;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
D) DP " UKRMETRESTSTANDART " .
7. Created to provide proposals to improve the functioning of the UkrSEPRO
System:
A) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
B) science and technology council;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
D) DP " UKRMETRESTSTANDART " .
8. Formation of a unified policy to encourage, functioning and strengthening of
UkrSEPRO and introducing proposals for interaction with national authorities of other
powers and international organizations with certifications and functions:
A) scientific-methodological and information center;
B) body with certification of hydration systems;
B) body certifying products;
D) scientific and technical commission.
9. Conducting accreditation of bodies with certification of testing laboratories,
certification of expert auditors, ongoing inspection control over the activities of these
bodies and individuals functions:
A) national agency with accreditation of Ukraine;
B) scientific-methodological and information center;
B) body with certification of hydration systems;
D) scientific and technical commission.
10. The State Housing Inspectorate of Ukraine was created on the basis of:
A) DP " UKRMETR TESTSTANDART " ;
B) Derzhspozhivstandart;
B) DP " UkrNDNC " ;
D) DP " Standardmetrology " .
49
VIKORISTAN LITERATURE
1. Regulations on the Voluntary Certification System of UkrSEPRO DP "
UKRMETRTESTSTANDARD " , 01.11.2017
2. Sukach M.K. Fundamentals of standardization: navch . pos_b . 2nd edition,
revised. and additional Kiev: Vidavnitstvo Lira-K, 2017. 324 p.
3. Studenyak I.P., Azhnyuk Yu.M., Chuchka I.M. Fundamentals of
standardization and certification of goods and services: basic summary. Kiev: Condor,
2007. 152 p.
4. Locust G.A. Metrology, standardization, reliability, accreditation and
management: beginning . pos_b . Kiev: Center for Basic Literature, 2006. 672 p.
5. Gavrish P.A. Standardization and certification in galouze machinery: lecture
notes : beginning . pos_b . Kramatorsk: DDMA, 2019. 123 p.
6. Kotlyar M.A., Topolnik V. G., Metrology, standardization and control: navch
. pos_b . Donetsk: DonDUET , 2006. 211 p.
7. Kirichenko L.S., Samoilenko A.A. Standardization and certification of goods
and services: beginning . pos_b . Kharkiv: Ranok, 2008. 240 p.
8. Salukhina N. G. Standardization and certification of goods and services:
handyman. Kiev: Center for Basic Literature, 2010. 336 p.
9. Alekseva T. I. International organizations: beginning . pos_b . Kharkiv:
KhNEU, 2006. 200 p.
10. Velichko O. M. Fundamentals of standardization and certification:
handyman Kherson: Oldi -plus, 2013. 364 p.
11. Kovalevsky V. V., Kozak Yu. G., Grishchenko S. G., Novatsky V. M.,
Makogon Yu. V. International organizations: navch . pos_b . Odessa: Kozak, 2003.
288 p.
12. Pritikina O. L. International organizations in the system of Svetogospodar
connections : navch . pos_b . Dnipro: RVV DNU, 2003. 48 p.
13. ISO/IEC GUIDE 21-2:2005. Regional or national adoption of International
Standards and other International Deliverables - Part 2: Adoption of International
Deliverables other than International Standards .
14. Law of Ukraine dated May 17, 2001 No. 2408-111. About standardization
and certification. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/anot/2408-14
15. Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated May 10, 1993 No. 4693.
About
standardization
and
certification.
URL:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/46-93
50
RECOMMENDED LITERATURE
Main:
1.
Kotlyar M. A., Topolnik V. G., Metrology, standardization and power
management: basic handbook ( rec . MON of Ukraine)., 2019. 212 p.
2.
Tarasova V.V. Metrology, standardization and certification: handyman.
Kiev: Center for Basic Literature, 2006. 264 p.
3.
Shapoval M. I. Fundamentals of standardization, capacity management
and certification : p idruchnik. Kiev: View. Europe . Univ., 2002. 174 p.
4.
Bichkovsky R.V. Metrology, standardization, control and certification :
assistant. Lviv: Lviv Polytechnic, 2002. 560 p.
5.
Kirichenko L.S. Fundamentals of standardization, metrology and paint
management: handbook. Kiev: KNTEU, 2001. 445 p.
Added:
1.
Zrezarts M.P. Commodity recognition of non-food products : navch .
pos_b . Kiev: Center for Educational Literature, 2019. 328 p.
2.
Bozhenko L. I. Metrology, standardization, certification and
accreditation: basic guide. Lviv: Afisha, 2004. 224 p.
3.
Arkhipov V.V. Ship and commodity recognition examination of national
goods and services: handyman. Kiev: Center for Educational Literature. 2017. 306 p.
4.
Ukrainian scientific - the last center for the problems of standardization,
certification and quality. URL: http://www.ukrndnc.org.ua/
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GLOSSARY
Aggregation - This is a method of creating machines, adapting and possessing
from a number of standard unified units, which are repeatedly used in the creation of
different viruses on the basis of geometric and functional interchangeability.
Vitrati (V) - the amount of the total increase in expenditures in the national
government of the region due to the establishment of a specific standard (group of
standards) per unit of standardized products (services).
Galuzev standards are divided into products in the presence of national
standards of Ukraine and, in times of need, can be established to exceed or supplement
the benefits of national standards.
State Committee for Technical Regulation and Living Policy of Ukraine;
Founded from 2002 to 2011; In order to improve the effectiveness of the
implementation of government policy in the sphere of protecting the rights of residents,
the State Standard of Ukraine was reorganized.
State Standard of Ukraine - standards, subdivided into the official legislation
of Ukraine, which establish rules for legal and comprehensive regulation, legal
principles and characteristics that stand for activities and results, with a method
reaching the optimal level of orderliness, disaggregated on the basis of consensus and
confirmed by a revalidated body. DSTU standards date back to 1993.
DP " UkrNDNC " - state enterprise " Ukrainian scientific research and primary
center for problems of standardization, certification and quality " - the national
enterprise of standardization and certification in Ukraine is subject to the State
Standard of Ukraine.
Economical efficiency of work through standardization - connection with the
economic effect and costs of the national government of the region in connection with
the requirements of a specific standard (group of standards).
Economic effect per unit of product (service) - the amount of sub-bag change
in costs during production, use, storage (operation) and disposal of one standardized
product (service), calculated as the difference between savings (E) і vitratami (Z).
Moreover, the importance of the economical effect of standardization makes it possible
to bring the yield indicators into line with the current achievements of science and
technology.
Economy (E) - the value of the total change in expenditures in the national
government of the region in connection with the establishment of a specific standard
(group of standards) per unit of standardized products (services).
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Classification - This is a process of reorganization of objects, so that it is
possible to understand the classes, subclasses and ranks, which are due to their hidden
signs. Distinguish between natural and related classification of standardization objects.
Standardization method - This method or the totality of methods, with the help
of which the goals of standardization are achieved.
Metrology - the science of one, the characteristics and methods of extinction,
which includes both theoretical and practical aspects of extinction in all fields of
science and technology.
Interstate standardization - standardization, the fate of which is taken by the
countries of the Union of Independent Powers (Friendship of Independent Powers).
Interstate standard - a standard adopted by the countries that were accepted
before the Agreement on the implementation of a good policy in the area of
standardization, metrology and certification, and their steadfastness.
International standardization - standardization, which is carried out on the
international level and which is open to the relevant authorities of all countries.
National standardization - standardization, which is carried out on the same
level.
Regulatory documents are documents that establish rules, fundamental
principles and characteristics of various types of activities or their results.
Indicators of economic efficiency - these are numerical indicators of activity
that help to determine the level of achievement of goals or optimality of the process.
Regulation is the process of establishing song rules. For example, regulation of
technological processes. Includes the established order of operations, their mode
parameters, etc.
Selection of standardization objects - the activity involved in the selection of
such specific objects that are considered suitable for further selection and stagnation in
future selection.
Certification - the activity of authorized bodies from confirming the
conformity of the product (activity, service) not subject to the mandatory standard
and type of document of conformity
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Simplification - the activity that occurs in the designated specific objects that
are found to be unfit for further development and stagnation in the future selection.
The UkrSEPRO system is a voluntary certification system that has removed
the greatest evidence from the state certification system and is based on its basic
principles and approaches to assessment Types of products, work, service.
Systematization - This is the arrangement of objects, revealing or
understanding in the correct order and sequence, which creates a clear system, handy
for vikoristan.
Social efficiency - to satisfy the social goals and needs of the society with the
current state of management activities.
Standard - a normative document, based on consensus, adopted by a recognized
body, which establishes rules for the formal and non-disposable selection of rules,
establishing either the characteristics of the effectiveness of their results, and directing
the achievement of the optimal level of ordering in the song spheres.
The standards of scientific, technical and engineering companies and
specialists are developed in response to the need to expand the results of fundamental
and applied research carried out in various areas of knowledge and areas of
professional interests.
Enterprise standards are divided into products (processes, services) that
develop and develop (operate, deliver) at a specific enterprise.
Standardization - the activity that lies in the established position for the initial
and large-time stasation of the most obvious and possible tasks in order to achieve the
optimal stage of ordering in the singing sphere, the result of which is the advancement
of the stage the consistency of products, processes and services of their functional
significance, the removal of barriers to trade and the harmonization of scientific and
technological innovation.
Technical efficiency of work depends on standardization - can be reflected in
the visible indicators of technical effects obtained as a result of the implementation of
the standard.
Technical Minds of Ukraine - a normative document that is developed to
establish a way to regulate the differences between the supplier (dispenser, distributor)
and related products, for any daily sovereign or Galuzian standards (or in whenever
there is a need for specification, it is necessary to assign documents).
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Typification of standardization objects - creation of standard (specific)
objects (design, technological rules, documentation forms). In addition to selection, the
selection of specific objects is subject to technical transformations that are aimed at
enhancing their strength and versatility.
UkrSEPRO - Ukrainian national certification system, which includes 149
bodies with certification of products (robots, services) and 811 testing laboratories
(centers).
Unification - This is an activity that involves a rational reduction in the number
of types of parts and units of any functional purpose. It is based on classification and
ranking, selection and simplification, typification and optimization of finished product
elements.
Navchalne Vidannya
(Ukrainian language)
55
Luganska Olga Vasylivna
STANDARDIZATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS
Lecture notes for students at the advanced level of bachelor's degree in " Chemistry "
educational and professional program " Chemistry "
Reviewer K.O. Dombrovsky
Vidpovidalny for the release of O.A. Brazhko
Corrector A.B. Poltavska