PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON PART 2
Week No. 5
Module No. 12
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● realize that “all actions have consequences.”
● evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
● show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their choices
● realize that:
a. choices have consequences
b. some things are given up while others are obtained making choices
Hard determinism
-
Someone decision are determined ( by their desire and so on ) its only means they don’t have free will
Soft determinism
-
Believe human decision are not random, but this is not rule out free – will
Libertarianism
-
Accept indeterminism and incompatibilism, believing that human decisions are random, that this
randomness does not rule out free – will and in fact randomness actually allow free – will.
Agent – causation
-
A notion that a person can cause an event to happen
Event – causation
-
A notion that event can cause other event to happen
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON PART 1
Week No. 5
Module No. 11
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● realize that “all actions have consequences.”
● evaluate and exercise prudence in choices
● show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of their choices
● realize that:
a. choices have consequences
b. some things are given up while others are obtained making choices
LESSON CONTENT:
Overview
Freedom and the human person have been at the center of philosophical, theological, moral and political
debates. Modern man considers freedom to be the right to do whatever he wants, man wants to be totally
independent to be free from any laws or dogmas, from any “ thou shalt ” or “ thou shalt not ” but is this freedom?
Does this contribute to the dignity of man and his ultimate fulfillment? Pope John Paul II stated, “ Freedom
consists not in doing what we like, but in having to do what we ought ”
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
Are Human beings are really free?
Determinism
-
Is the view that the decision making parts of the human brain are not fundamentally random
Indeterminism
-
Is the view that the decision making parts of the brain are fundamentally random
Compatibilism
-
Human can make free- willed decisions even if their decision systems are not random
Incompatibilism
-
We can only have free – will if our decision process are random
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: INTERSUBJECTIVITY (PART 2)
Week No. 7
Module No. 14
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not to imposing on others
● appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of
society and their contributions to society
● explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from
themselves
● perform activities that demonstrate lents talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society
LESSON CONTENT:
According to Scheff ( 2006 ), Intersubjectivity is “ the sharing of subjective states by two or more individuals”.
It refers to shared emotion, shared attention and shared intention.
Three Components of Intersubjectivity
1. Shared emotion (attunement)
2. Shared attention
3. Shared intention
Intersubjectivity in Treatment
Children experience themselves being loved, loveable,valued, valuable and clever whenever their parents
experience them as manifesting those traits. In a similar way, parents experience themselves as being capable
and caring whenever their children experience them as manifesting those traits.
Intersubjectivity and Attachment
It is a shared, reciprocal experience of each having an impact on the experience of the other.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: INTERSUBJECTIVITY (PART 1)
Week No. 7
Module No. 13
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not to imposing on others
● appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of
society and their contributions to society
● explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from
themselves
● perform activities that demonstrate lents talents of persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors of society
LESSON CONTENT:
Overview
We all live in the world surrounded by different people with different backgrounds and personalities. Relating
with others and settling our differences is not always an easy task but it’s a task that we have to embrace since
we all desire to live peacefully in a world that we share with them no matter how different they are to us. we will
be illuminated by a more important kind of relationship anchored on the concept of “intersubjectivity” in which
“I” and the “others” are seen more as complementary to each other rather than just simply a means to some
selfish ends. Intersubjectivity is a kind of relationship which is considered a subject-to-subject or
person-to-person way of relating.The intersubjective of sharing experience is a concept that has significant
power for understanding relationships, interactions and treatment. Intersubjectivity is the process that occurs
within all relationships at all times.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT PART II
Week No. 4
Module No. 10
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● Notice disorder in an environment.
● Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic way.
● Show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-being and sustainable
development.
● Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments.
LESSON CONTENT:
The Four Approaches to the specification of environmental virtue:
1. Extensionism – expanding certain interpersonal virtues not only to humans but also non -human
entities.
2. Considerations of benefit to agent – providing the opportunity for aesthetic experience like
recreational activities, clean water and air.
3. Consideration of human excellence – refers to character disposition that promote good
functioning of social group and encourage one to maintain healthy relationships with members in
the group.
4. Study of role models – study the character traits of individuals who are recognized as
environmental role models.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
Human Environmental Interactions
can be defined as interactions between the human social system and the rest of the ecosystem.
Important characteristics of human social systems are population size, social organization, values.
technology, wealth, education, knowledge and many more.
Human Social System
Especially values and knowledge strongly influence peoples’ “view of life” and consequently define the
way people act.
Coevolution and Coadaptation
The terms coevolution and coadaptation describe the never-ending process of mutual adjustment and
change between social systems and the environment.
Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR)
Model was originally developed by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and is used to assess
and manage environmental problems.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Week No. 4
Module No. 9
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
●
●
●
●
Notice disorder in an environment;
notice things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic way;
show that care for the environment contributes to health, well-being and sustainable development; and,
demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards environments.
LESSON CONTENT:
THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Overview
Environmental Ethics as a field of inquiry is the attempt to understand the human relationship with the
environment. (including natural ecosystems, agricultural, ecosystem, urban ecosystem, and the individuals that
populate and constitute those system)
Why is there a need for an environmental ethic?
The central ethical question is, “How should one live?”
Environmental Ethics
Is simply ethics as it pertains to human environment interactions and relationships.
Environmental ethics likewise requires not only an ethic of action-one that provides guidance regarding what we
ought and ought not to do to the environment- but also an ethic of character.
One that provides guidance on what attitudes and disposition we ought and ought not to have regarding the
environment.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
Those who possess it are better off than those who do not, for they are able to find; rewards, satisfaction, and
conform
From their relationship with nature ; It is their character
First, what are the attitudes and dispositions that constitute environmental virtue?
Second, what is the proper role of character in an environmental ethic?
Environmental Virtues
are the proper dispositions or character traits for human beings to have regarding their interactions and
relationships with the environment.
The environmentally virtuous person is disposed to respond-both emotionally and through action-to the
environment and the nonhuman individuals (whether inanimate, living, or conscious) that populate it in an
excellent or fine way.
The four Approaches to the specification of environmental virtue:
1. Extensionism – expanding certain interpersonal virtues not only to human but also non -human entities.
2. Considerations of benefit to agent – providing the opportunity for aesthetic experience like recreational
activities, clean water and air.
3. Consideration of human excellence – refers to character disposition that promote good functioning of
social group and encourage one to maintain healthy relationships with members in the group.
4. Study of role models – study the character traits of individuals who are recognized as environmental role
models.
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON AS EMBODIED SPIRIT (PART 2)
Week No. 3
Module No. 8
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● recognize own limitations and possibilities
● evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence
● recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
● distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence
LESSON CONTENT:
METAPHYSICAL AND EXISTENTIAL APPROACH (cont.)
D. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’ NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
Man is composed of the unity of body and soul, but soul and body are not two substances, rather soul
and body are matter and form of one substance man. (Influence by Aristotle)
E. RENE DESCARTES’ NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
Cogito ergo sum – “I think, therefore I am”
The essence of I is consciousness, thinking
F. GABRIEL MARCEL NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
The body is the most obvious datum, it is the starting point and basis of whatever assert and can assert,
including philosophical claim, in short Sentigo ergo sum “I sense, therefore I exist ”
G. WILLIAM LUIJPEN - MY BODY AS INTERMEDIARY
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
MODULE LESSON CONTENT
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
TOPIC: THE HUMAN PERSON AS EMBODIED SPIRIT (PART 1)
Week No. 3
Module No. 7
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, you shall be able to:
● recognize own limitations and possibilities
● evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence
● recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
● distinguish the limitations and possibilities for transcendence
LESSON CONTENT:
Overview
Embodied spirit is the living animating core within each of us, the driving force behind all that we think, say and
do. We humans are embodied spirits, we consist of and communicate with our body and soul. When I give a
friend a hug for example, it is I who is giving a hug not my arms. When my ears listen for instance to a tale my
friend tells me, it is I who is listening. In other words, the body is the external medium of the self. The person
needs the body to express itself.
METAPHYSICAL AND EXISTENTIAL APPROACH
A. PLATO’S NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
Man in his original state was a pure soul. A soul exists and could exist apart from the body.
Soul consists of three parts:
1. Reason : Intellect and will
2. Passion : Drives and emotions
3. Appetite : sensual part
Man in the present state has the following features:
1. A soul imprisoned in a body (soma sema)
2. Soul is the essence of man, what makes a man a man
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
High School Department
B. ARISTOTLE’S NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
Man is one substance whose matter is his body and whose form is his soul.
C. ST. AUGUSTINE’S NOTION OF HUMAN BEING
Man is neither his soul apart nor his body apart but the whole which is composed or a unity of body and
soul but the soul and body are not matter and form, but body and soul are two substance, soul (rational
substance) and body (material substance)