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BSI Standards Publication
Energy performance of buildings
— Ventilation for buildings
ƒ”–͹ǣƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘‡–Š‘†•ˆ‘”–Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‹”ϐŽ‘™
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BS EN 16798-7:2017
National foreword
Š‹•”‹–‹•Š–ƒ†ƒ”†‹•–Š‡‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆͳ͸͹ͻͺǦ͹ǣʹͲͳ͹Ǥ –
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‘‹––‡‡ Ȁʹǡ‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡŠ‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ†Š‘–
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A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
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ͻͳǤͳʹͲǤͳͲǢͻͳǤͳͶͲǤ͵Ͳ
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legal obligations.
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Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date
Text affected
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7
2
" —‡ʹͲͳ͹
ͻͳǤͳʹͲǤͳͲǢͻͳǤͳͶͲǤ͵Ͳ
—’‡”•‡†‡•ͳͷʹͶʹǣʹͲͲ͹
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Ǧƒ”–͹ǣƒŽ —Žƒ–‹‘‡–Š‘†•ˆ‘”–Š‡†‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘‘ˆƒ‹”
ˆŽ‘™”ƒ–‡•‹„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹ Ž—†‹‰‹ˆ‹Ž–”ƒ–‹‘ȋ‘†—Ž‡•ͷǦ
ͷȌ
‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡±‡”‰±–‹“—‡†‡•„Ÿ–‹‡–•Ǧ‡–‹Žƒ–‹‘
†‡•„Ÿ–‹‡–•Ǧƒ”–‹‡͹ǣ±–Š‘†‡•†‡ ƒŽ —Ž’‘—”Žƒ
†±–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘†‡•†±„‹–•†̵ƒ‹”†ƒ•Ž‡•„Ÿ–‹‡–•›
‘’”‹•Ž‡•‹ˆ‹Ž–”ƒ–‹‘•ȋ‘†—Ž‡•ͷǦͷȌ
‡”‰‹‡‡ˆˆ‹œ‹‡œ˜‘ ‡„¡—†‡Ǧòˆ–—‰˜‘
‡„¡—†‡Ǧ‡‹Ž͹ǣ‡”‡ Š—‰•‡–Š‘†‡œ—”
‡•–‹—‰†‡”—ˆ–˜‘Ž—‡•–”ڏ‡‹ ‡„¡—†‡
‡‹• ŠŽ‹‡éŽ‹ Š ˆ‹Ž–”ƒ–‹‘ȋ‘†—ŽͷǦͷȌ
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‡„‡”•ƒ”‡„‘—†–‘ ‘’Ž›™‹–Š–Š‡Ȁ –‡”ƒŽ‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•™Š‹ Š•–‹’—Žƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘†‹–‹‘•ˆ‘”‰‹˜‹‰–Š‹•
—”‘’‡ƒ–ƒ†ƒ”†–Š‡•–ƒ–—•‘ˆƒƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•–ƒ†ƒ”†™‹–Š‘—–ƒ›ƒŽ–‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ’Ǧ–‘Ǧ†ƒ–‡Ž‹•–•ƒ†„‹„Ž‹‘‰”ƒ’Š‹ ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•
‘ ‡”‹‰•— Šƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•–ƒ†ƒ”†•ƒ›„‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†‘ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡Ǧƒƒ‰‡‡–‡–”‡‘”–‘ƒ›
‡„‡”Ǥ
Š‹•—”‘’‡ƒ–ƒ†ƒ”†‡š‹•–•‹–Š”‡‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ˜‡”•‹‘•ȋ‰Ž‹•Šǡ ”‡ Šǡ ‡”ƒȌǤ˜‡”•‹‘‹ƒ›‘–Š‡”Žƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ƒ†‡„›
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‹Žƒ†ǡ ‘”‡”—‰‘•Žƒ˜‡’—„Ž‹ ‘ˆƒ ‡†‘‹ƒǡ ”ƒ ‡ǡ ‡”ƒ›ǡ ”‡‡ ‡ǡ —‰ƒ”›ǡ ‡Žƒ†ǡ ”‡Žƒ†ǡ –ƒŽ›ǡƒ–˜‹ƒǡ‹–Š—ƒ‹ƒǡ
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BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Contents
Page
European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1
Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
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Table 1 — Position of this standard (in casu M5–1, M5–5, M5–6, M5–8) within the modular
structure of the set of EPB standards................................................................................................... 12
2
Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 13
3
Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 14
4
4.1
Symbols and subscripts ............................................................................................................................. 15
Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
Table 2 — Symbols and units ................................................................................................................................. 15
4.2
Subscripts........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Table 3 — Subscripts................................................................................................................................................. 17
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
Brief description of the methods ............................................................................................................ 18
Output of the methods ................................................................................................................................ 18
General description of the methods ...................................................................................................... 18
Selection criteria between the methods .............................................................................................. 19
6
Calculation method, method 1 — Determination of air flow rates based on detailed
building characteristics ............................................................................................................................. 19
Output data ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
6.1
Table 4 — Output data of method 1 ..................................................................................................................... 19
6.2
Calculation intervals ................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3
Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
6.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
6.3.2 Product data ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Table 5 — Product technical input data list...................................................................................................... 21
6.3.3 System design data ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Table 6 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP.............................................................................................................. 22
Table 7 — Process design input data list ........................................................................................................... 22
Table 8 — Identifiers for SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL .............................................................................................. 24
Table 9 — Identifiers for SUP_AIR_FLW_CTRL ................................................................................................. 24
6.3.4 Operating conditions .................................................................................................................................. 24
Table 10 — Operating conditions data list........................................................................................................ 24
6.3.5 Constants and physical data ..................................................................................................................... 26
Table 11 — Constants and physical data ........................................................................................................... 26
6.3.6 Input data from Annex A (Annex B)....................................................................................................... 26
6.4
Calculation procedure, method 1 ........................................................................................................... 26
6.4.1 Applicable time intervals and states of operation ........................................................................... 26
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 26
2
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.3
Calculation of air flow rates ...................................................................................................................... 28
7
7.1
Method 2 — Determination of air flow rates based on statistical approach .......................... 38
Output data ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 12 — Output data of method 2 ................................................................................................................... 39
7.2
Calculation intervals.................................................................................................................................... 39
7.3
Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 39
7.4
Calculation procedure, method 2............................................................................................................ 39
7.4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
7.4.2 Description of the statistically based simplified method............................................................... 40
7.4.3 Justification of the method ........................................................................................................................ 40
8
Quality control ............................................................................................................................................... 40
9
Compliance check ......................................................................................................................................... 41
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Annex A (normative) Input and method selection data sheet – Template............................................ 42
A.1
General ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
A.2
References ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
Table A.1 —References ............................................................................................................................................. 43
A.3
Input data method 1 .................................................................................................................................... 43
A.3.1 Product description data ........................................................................................................................... 43
A.3.2 Product technical data ................................................................................................................................ 43
A.3.2.1 Discharge coefficient for vents, air terminal devices, windows .................................................. 43
A.3.2.2 Airflow exponent for vents, air terminal devices, windows ......................................................... 43
A.3.2.3 Combustion air flows factors .................................................................................................................... 44
Table A.2 — Data for appliance system factor.................................................................................................. 44
Table A.3 — Data for fuel flow factor ................................................................................................................... 44
A.3.2.4 Mechanical ventilation ............................................................................................................................... 44
Table A.4 —Values for fctrl ........................................................................................................................................ 45
Table A.5 — Values for fsys ........................................................................................................................................ 45
A.3.3 System design data ....................................................................................................................................... 45
A.3.3.1 Supply air temperature control............................................................................................................... 45
A.3.3.2 Exposure to wind .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Table A.6 — Identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS......................................................................................................... 45
A.3.3.3 Pressure coefficients associated to an air flow path ........................................................................ 45
Table A.7 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients ............................................................................. 46
Table A.8 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients for ventilation zone that cannot be
cross-ventilated (fcross = 0) ......................................................................................................................... 46
A.3.3.4 Difference of wind pressure coefficients ............................................................................................. 46
A.3.3.5 Pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height................................................................................... 46
A.3.3.6 Correction coefficient for accounting for height of cowl above roof level ............................... 46
Table A.9 — šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆȟCcowl;height values ..................................................................................................... 47
3
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
A.3.3.7 Ventilation effectiveness ........................................................................................................................... 47
A.3.3.8 Airing factor ................................................................................................................................................... 47
A.3.3.9 Cross-ventilation factor ............................................................................................................................. 47
Table A.10 — Cross-ventilation factor ................................................................................................................ 47
A.3.3.10
Number of window divisions ........................................................................................................... 48
A.3.3.11
Stack effect in passive and hybrid duct ........................................................................................ 48
A.3.3.12
Distribution of vents ........................................................................................................................... 48
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Table A.11 — Distribution of vents ...................................................................................................................... 48
A.3.3.13
Reference pressure for the envelope airtightness index ...................................................... 48
A.3.3.14
Flow exponent through leaks .......................................................................................................... 48
A.3.3.15
Leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone ................................................................................ 48
A.3.3.16
Envelope leakage distribution ........................................................................................................ 48
Table A.12 — Envelope leakage distribution ................................................................................................... 48
A.3.3.17
Typical internal doorway area........................................................................................................ 49
A.3.4 Operating conditions data ........................................................................................................................ 49
A.3.4.1 Maximum wind speed for cross-ventilation calculation................................................................ 49
A.3.4.2 Wind speed correction factors ................................................................................................................ 49
Table A.13 — Correction factor Crgh;10;site .................................................................................................... 49
A.3.4.3 Ventilation system operation .................................................................................................................. 49
Table A.14 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP ....................................................................................................... 49
A.4
Input data method 2 .................................................................................................................................... 49
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet – Default choices ............................. 50
B.1
General ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
B.2
References ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Table B.1 —References............................................................................................................................................. 51
B.3
Input data method 1 .................................................................................................................................... 51
B.3.1 Product description data ........................................................................................................................... 51
B.3.2 Product technical data ............................................................................................................................... 51
B.3.2.1 Discharge coefficient for vents, air terminal devices, windows .................................................. 51
B.3.2.2 Airflow exponent for vents, air terminal devices, windows ......................................................... 52
B.3.2.3 Combustion air flows factors ................................................................................................................... 52
Table B.2 — Data for appliance system factor ................................................................................................. 52
Table B.3 — Data for fuel flow factor .................................................................................................................. 52
B.3.2.4 Mechanical ventilation ............................................................................................................................... 53
Table B.4 — Values for fctrl ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Table B.5 — Values for fsys ....................................................................................................................................... 53
4
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.3 System design data ....................................................................................................................................... 53
B.3.3.1 Supply air temperature control............................................................................................................... 53
B.3.3.2 Exposure to wind .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Table B.6 — Identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS......................................................................................................... 54
B.3.3.3 Pressure coefficients associated to an air flow path ........................................................................ 54
Table B.7 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients ............................................................................. 54
Table B.8 — Dimensionless wind pressures for ventilation zone that cannot be crossventilated (fcross = 0) ..................................................................................................................................... 54
B.3.3.4 Difference of wind pressure coefficients ............................................................................................. 54
B.3.3.5 Pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height................................................................................... 55
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B.3.3.6 Correction coefficient for accounting for height of cowl above roof level ............................... 55
Table B.9 — šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆȟCcowl;height values ...................................................................................................... 55
B.3.3.7 Ventilation effectiveness............................................................................................................................ 55
B.3.3.8 Airing factor .................................................................................................................................................... 55
B.3.3.9 Cross-ventilation factor .............................................................................................................................. 55
Table B.10 — Cross-ventilation factor ................................................................................................................ 56
B.3.3.10
Number of window divisions ........................................................................................................... 56
B.3.3.11
Stack effect in passive and hybrid duct ........................................................................................ 56
B.3.3.12
Distribution of vents ........................................................................................................................... 56
Table B.11 — Distribution of vents ...................................................................................................................... 56
B.3.3.13
Reference pressure for the envelope airtightness index ....................................................... 57
B.3.3.14
Flow exponent through leaks........................................................................................................... 57
B.3.3.15
Leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone ................................................................................ 57
B.3.3.16
Envelope leakage distribution......................................................................................................... 57
Table B.12 — Envelope leakage distribution.................................................................................................... 57
B.3.3.17
Typical internal doorway area ........................................................................................................ 58
B.3.4 Operating conditions data ......................................................................................................................... 58
B.3.4.1 Maximum wind speed for cross-ventilation calculation ................................................................ 58
B.3.4.2 Wind speed correction factors ................................................................................................................. 58
Table B.13 — Correction factor Crgh;10;site ............................................................................................................ 58
B.3.4.3 Ventilation system operation ................................................................................................................... 58
Table B.14 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP........................................................................................................ 58
B.4
Input data method 2 .................................................................................................................................... 58
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 59
5
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 16798-7:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
“Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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This standard has been produced to meet the requirements of Directive 2010/31/EU 19 May 2010 on
the energy performance of buildings (recast), referred to as “recast EPDB”.
This document supersedes EN 15242:2007.
This document was produced to meet the requirements of Directive 2002/91/EC 16 December 2002
on energy performance of buildings referred to as “EPBD”.
The revision for inclusion in the second mandate package was performed by CEN/ TC 156/ WG 21.
The revision includes the following changes:
— rearrangement of content versus EN 15242:2007, in order to better fit in the modular structure
given in EN ISO 52000-1. This document is restricted to emission and control of the ventilation air
flow rates (M5-5);
— clarification of possibility to use 2 methods to calculate the airflow rates: method 1 based on
detailed building characteristics; and method 2 using a statistical approach complying with specific
rules;
— in method 1, addition of several options for the calculation of the airflow rates through windows,
including cross-ventilation;
— in method 1, calculation of the airflow rates using mass balance only;
— formatting according to the new rules set in prCEN/TS 16629; and
— consideration of ISO/TC 205 work performed in the meantime.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
6
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
For the convenience of Standards users CEN/TC 156, together with responsible Working Group
Conveners, have prepared a simple table below relating, where appropriate, the relationship between
the ‘EPBD’ and ‘recast EPBD’ standard numbers prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156
“Ventilation for buildings”.
EPBD EN
Number
Title
EN 16798–1
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
1: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and
assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor
air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics (Module
M1-6)
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–2
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
2: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-1 - Indoor
environmental input parameters for design and assessment of
energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality,
thermal environment, lighting and acoustics (Module M1-6)
EN 13779
EN 16798–3
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
3: For non-residential buildings – Performance requirements for
ventilation and room-conditioning systems (Modules M5-1, M5-4)
CEN/TR 16798–4
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
4: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798- 3 - For nonresidential buildings – Performance requirements for ventilation
and room-conditioning systems(Modules M5-1, M5-4)
EN 16798–5–1
Energy performance of buildings — Ventilation for buildings – Part
5-1: Calculation methods for energy requirements of ventilation
and air conditioning systems (Modules M5-6, M5-8, M6-5, M6-8,
M7-5, M7-8) — Method 1: Distribution and generation
EN 16798–5–2
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
5-2: Calculation methods for energy requirements of ventilation
systems (Modules M5-6, M5-8, M6-5, M6-8, M7-5, M7-8) - Method
2: Distribution and generation
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–6
Energy performance of buildings - Ventilation for buildings – Part
6: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-5 -1 and EN
16798-5-2 – Calculation methods for energy requirements of
ventilation and air conditioning systems (Modules M5-6, M5-8, M
6-5, M6-8 , M7-5, M7-8)
EN 15242
EN 16798–7
Energy performance of buildings - Ventilation for buildings - Part 7:
Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in
buildings including infiltration (Modules M5-5)
EN 15251
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Recast EPBD EN
Number
N/A
EN 15241
EN 15241
7
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
EPBD EN
Number
Recast EPBD EN
Number
Title
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–8
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings – Part
8: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-7 – Calculation
methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings
including infiltration – (Modules M5-5)
EN 15243
EN 16798–9
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
9: Calculation methods for energy requirements of cooling systems
(Modules M4-1, M4-4, M4-9) - General
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–
10
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings – Part
10: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-9 – Calculation
methods for energy requirements of cooling systems (Module M41,M4-4, M4-9) – General
N/A
EN 16798–13
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
13: - Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-8) – Generation
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–
14
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
14: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-13 –
Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-8) – Generation
N/A
EN 16798–15
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings – Part
15: Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-7) – Storage
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–
16
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings – Part
16: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-15 –
Calculation of cooling systems (Module M4-8) – Storage
EN 15239,
and
EN 15240
EN 16798–17
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings - Part
17: Guidelines for inspection of ventilation and air- conditioning
systems (Module M4-11, M5-11, M6-11, M7-11)
N/A
CEN/TR 16798–
18
Energy performance of buildings – Ventilation for buildings – Part
18: Interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-17 – Guidelines
for inspection of ventilation and air-conditioning systems (Module
M4-11, M5-11, M6-11, M7-11)
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
8
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Introduction
This standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the methodology
for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
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The main target groups of this standard are all the users of the set of EPB standards (e.g. architects,
engineers, regulators, programmers).
Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific
applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to
national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available
as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet).
NOTE
So in this case:
—
the regulators will specify the choices;
—
the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby
use the choices made by the regulators,.
Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same
topics can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics
can even, for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are
in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and
difficult updating of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national
choices have been made by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are
possible, for different applications.
It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not
followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that:
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this
text;
— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national
annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
national or regional values and choices.
Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building
energy performance for a dedicated building stock.
9
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (CEN/TR 16798-8
[2], under preparation), including examples aiming to check the quality and usability of the standard.
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CEN/TC 156 deals with ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings. Subjects covered by
CEN/TC 156 are:
Ȉ
energy performance calculation for ventilation, air conditioning and cooling systems;
Ȉ
inspection of ventilation and air conditioning systems; and
Ȉ
installation and commissioning of ventilation and air conditioning systems.
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BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard describes the methods to calculate the ventilation air flow rates for buildings
to be used for energy calculations evaluation, heating and cooling loads.
This European Standard applies to buildings with one or more of the following characteristics:
— mechanical ventilation systems (mechanical exhaust, mechanical supply or balanced system);
— passive duct ventilation systems for residential and low-rise non-residential buildings;
— combustion appliances;
— window openings (manual or automatic operation); and
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— kitchens where cooking is for immediate use (including restaurants).
This European Standard is applicable to hybrid systems combining mechanical and passive duct
ventilation systems in residential and low-rise non-residential buildings.
This European Standard applies to buildings with a building height of less than 100 m and rooms where
vertical air temperature difference is smaller than 15 K.
The results provided by the standard are:
— the air flow rates entering or leaving a ventilation zone; and
— the air flow rates required to be distributed by the mechanical ventilation system, if present.
This European Standard is not applicable to:
— buildings with kitchens where cooking is not for immediate use; and
— buildings with industry process ventilation.
The definition of ventilation and airtightness requirements (as indoor air quality, heating and cooling,
safety, fire protection, etc.) is not covered by this document. The definition of window opening
scenarios is not covered by this document.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the
modular structure as set out in prENISO 52000-1.
NOTE 1
In prENISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the
relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 2
The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard might cover more than one module
and one module might be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method
respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Table 1 — Position of this standard (in casu M5–1, M5–5, M5–6, M5–8) within the modular
structure of the set of EPB standards
Building
(as such)
Needs
3
Applications
(Free) Indoor
Conditions
without
Systems
Maximum
Load and
Power
4
Ways to Express
Energy
Performance
Ways to
Express
Energy
Performance
Ways to
Express
Energy
Performance
5
Building
categories and
Building
Boundaries
Heat Transfer
by
Transmission
Emission
and control
6
Building
Occupancy and
Operating
Conditions
Heat Transfer
by Infiltration
and
Ventilation
Distribution
and control
7
Aggregation of
Energy Services
and Energy
Carriers
Internal Heat
Gains
Storage and
control
8
Building zoning
Solar Heat
Gains
Generation
and control
9
Calculated
Energy
Performance
Building
Dynamics
(thermal
mass)
Load
dispatching
and
operating
conditions
PV, wind, ..
Building
Energy Needs
Building
automation and
control
2
Common terms
and definitions;
symbols, units
and subscripts
Lighting
General
Domestic Hot water
General
Dehumidification
General
Humidification
1
Ventilation
M2
Cooling
M1
M3 M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
Heating
Descriptions
sub
1
12
Descriptions
Descriptions
Technical Building Systems
Submodule
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Overarching
a
EN 16798–7
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
10
Measured
Energy
Performance
Measured
Energy
Performance
Measured
Energy
Performance
11
Inspection
Inspection
Inspection
12
Ways to Express
Indoor Comfort
13
External
Environment
Conditions
14
Economic
Calculation
BMS
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2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1:
General framework and procedures 1
NOTE 1
Default references to other EPB standards other than prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 are identified by the EPB
module code number and given in Annex A (normative template) and Annex B (informative default choice).
NOTE 2
Example of EPB module code number: M5–5, or M5–5.1 (if module M5–5 is subdivided), or M5–5/1 (if
reference to a specific clause of the standard covering M5–5).
NOTE 3
The same module code numbering will be used in other EPB standards. This will facilitate -in a
individual country- the making of a consistent set of national annexes for each EPB standard and contribute to the
overall consistency and transparency.
EN 12792:2003, Ventilation for buildings - Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols
EN 13141-1, Ventilation for buildings - Performance testing of components/products for residential
ventilation - Part 1: Externally and internally mounted air transfer devices
EN 13141-2, Ventilation for buildings - Performance testing of components/products for residential
ventilation - Part 2: Exhaust and supply air terminal devices
EN 13141-5, Ventilation for buildings - Performance testing of components/products for residential
ventilation - Part 5: Cowls and roof outlet terminal devices
ISO 7345:1987, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
1 In preparation.
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BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345:1987,
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, EN 12792, and the following apply.
NOTE
The terms and definitions of prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 that are indispensable for the understanding of
the underlying standard are repeated here.
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3.1
EPB standard
standard that complies with the requirements given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, CEN/TS 16628 and
CEN/TS 16629
Note 1 to entry: CEN/TS 16628 and CEN/TS 16629 contain specific rules to ensure overall consistency,
unambiguity, transparency and flexibility, supported by common templates. prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, the
overarching EPB standard, is indispensable for each EPB standard, because of the modular structure, common
terms and definitions, symbols and subscripts and because it provides the general framework for the EPB
assessment,
[SOURCE: prEN ISO 52000-1:2015]
3.2
ventilation zone
conditioned space which can be considered as air flow independent from other conditioned spaces (i.e.
the air leakages between two adjacent zones are sufficiently low to be neglected, and there is no
possibility of air transfer between two zones)
Note 1 to entry: A ventilation zone can be a set of rooms with enough air transfer between those rooms to
consider they are all at the same pressure. It can also be a single room if there is no significant air transfer
between this room and other ventilation zones
3.3
building height
height of the building from the entrance ground level to the roof top level
3.4
building envelope airtightness
overall leakage air flow rate for a given test pressure difference across building
3.5
vent
any opening in the building intended for ventilation
[SOURCE: EN 12792:2003, definition 387]
3.6
reference wind speed at site
wind speed at site, at building height, in undisturbed shielding conditions
Note 1 to entry: Obstacles nearby the building are accounted for in the wind pressure coefficients which depend
on the shielding class.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
3.7
airing
natural ventilation by window opening
3.8
passive duct ventilation system
natural ventilation by means of a duct mounted vertically or mounted with an angle of 45° or less with
the vertical
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3.9
single-sided ventilation
airing with windows located on only one side of the ventilation zone
3.10
cross-ventilation
natural ventilation in which the air flow mainly results from wind pressure effects on the building
facades and where stack effects in the building are of less importance
[SOURCE: EN 12792:2003, definition 94]
3.11
mechanical ventilation
ventilation with the aid of powered air movement components
3.12
stack effect
pressure difference caused by the difference in density between indoor and outdoor air due to an
indoor/outdoor temperature difference
[SOURCE: EN 12792:2003, definition 339]
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Clause 4 and Annex C of
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the specific symbols listed in Table 2 apply.
Table 2 — Symbols and units
Symbol
Quantity
Unit
A
Area
m2
Aw,i
Window opening free area of a window “i”
m2
Aw;cros
Equivalent windows area for cross ventilation
m2
Aw;tot
Total window opening area
m2
Ccowl;tot
Pressure at roof level taking into account the
height of the cowl above the roof level
[-]
Clea
Leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone
͵ȀȋŠήƒn)
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BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
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Symbol
16
Quantity
Unit
Clea;fde
Leakage coefficient of the façades of the
ventilation zone
m3ȀȋŠήƒn)
Clea;path,i
Flow coefficient of leakage “i”
͵ȀȋŠήƒn)
Clea;roof
Leakage coefficient of the roof of the ventilation
zone
m3ȀȋŠήƒn)
Cp
Wind pressure coefficient
—
Cw;path,i
Flow coefficient of window “i”
͵ȀȋŠήƒn)
ȟ’ATD
Pressure drop at an internal air terminal device
Pa
ȟ’cowl
Pressure drop at the cowl
Pa
ȟ’lea;path,i
Pressure difference at the leakage “i” level
Pa
ȟ’path,i
Pressure difference at air flow path “i” level
Pa
ȟ’vent;path,i
Pressure difference at the vent “i” level
Pa
ȟ’w;div;path,i,j
Pressure difference at the window “i” part “j”
level
Pa
ȟ’w;path,i
Pressure difference at the window “i” level
Pa
hpdu;st
Useful height for stack effect with a passive duct
m
hw;st
Useful height for stack effect for airing
m
n
Flow exponent
—
p
Pressure
Pa
pe;path, i
External pressure at the air flow path “i” level
Pa
pz;path,i
Internal pressure at the air flow path “i” level
Pa
pz;ref
Internal reference pressure of the ventilation
zone at the floor level
Pa
qm
Air mass flow rate
kg/h
q
Air volume flow rate
m3/h
qV;comb
Airflow through combustion appliances
m3/h
qV;ETA;req
Required extract air flow rate for the ventilation
zone
m3/h
qV;lea;path,i
Air flow rate through leakage “i”
m3/h
qV;pdu
Airflow through passive or hybrid duct
m3/h
qV;SUP;req
Required supply air flow rate for the ventilation
zone
m3/h
qV;vent;path,i
Air flow rate through a given vent “i”
m3/h
qV;w:div:path,i,j
Air flow rate through part “j” of a window “i”
(delimited by a division, see Nw;div)
m3/h
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Symbol
Quantity
Unit
qV;w:path,i
Air flow rate through window “i”
m3/h
ɏa;z
Air density at Tz
kg/m3
T
Absolute temperature
K
u10;site
Wind velocity at site at 10m height
m/s
usite
Wind velocity at the zone level
m/s
4.2 Subscripts
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For the purposes of this document, the subscripts given in Clause 4 and Annex C of
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, EN 12792 and the specific subscripts listed in Table 3 apply.
Table 3 — Subscripts
Subscript
Term
Subscript
Term
Subscript
Term
10
At a height of 10m
des
Design
out
Leaving
ATD
Air Terminal Devices
diff
Difference between
path
supply and extract
path
ETA
Extract air
dis
Distributed
ventilation zone
pdu
Passive and hybrid duct
IDA
Indoor air
div
Division
red
Reduced
ODA
Outdoor air
du
Duct
ref
Reference
RCA
Recirculation air
e
External
req
Required
SUP
Supply air
em
Emission
rgh
Roughness
a
Air
fa
Free area
roof
Roof
alt
Altitude
fde
Façade
sgl
Single-sided ventilation
arg
Airing
ff
Fuel flow
site
Site
as
Combustion
appliance system
fi
Fuel input
st
Stack
atm
Atmospheric
H
Heating
sys
System
C
Cooling
in
Entering
tot
Total
cnd
Conditioned
inf
Infiltration
top
Topography
comb
Combustion
appliance
lea
Leakage
wnd
Wind
cowl
Cowl
ls
Losses
V
Ventilation air flow
cros
Cross ventilation
m
Refers to mass
vent
Vent
ctrl
Control
max
Maximum
w
Window
D
Discharge
op
Operation
Z
Zone
to
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
5 Brief description of the methods
5.1 Output of the methods
This document gives the air flow rates entering and leaving each ventilation zone in a building including
infiltration for the following given operating conditions:
— outdoor climate (wind and temperature);
— indoor climate (temperature in the ventilation zone);
— air flow rates required to be supplied to or extracted from the ventilation zone;
— air flow rates entering or leaving the ventilation zone through the mechanical system;
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— combustion appliance operation; and
— window opening conditions.
Conventionally:
— air entering the ventilation zone is counted positive; and
— air leaving the ventilation zone is counted negative.
The calculation interval of the output for energy calculation procedures can be:
— hourly; or
— monthly,
depending on the application of the standard and time-step of the input data.
5.2 General description of the methods
Air flow rate calculations may be done using 2 methods:
— method 1 estimates the air flow rates based on detailed building characteristics; and
— method 2 specifies rules to fulfil to apply a statistical approach to be defined at national level for the
determination of air flow rates including infiltration. It may be based on calculations with method
1 or on measurements.
All formulae of method 1 are given for a single ventilation zone without sub-divisions into elementary
spaces. They may be applied to elementary spaces if:
— the input values can be characterized for the elementary spaces; or
— additional formulae and rules are defined to characterize the airflows between the elementary
spaces.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
5.3 Selection criteria between the methods
Selection between method 1 and method 2 is defined at national level. Selection criteria can be based
on:
— the availability and relevance of a statistical approach in the specific national context for the
buildings considered;
— building categories; and
— building age, in particular, new versus existing buildings.
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6 Calculation method, method 1 — Determination of air flow rates based on
detailed building characteristics
6.1 Output data
The output data of method 1 are listed in Table 4.
Table 4 — Output data of method 1
Intended
Varying c
destination module b
Description
Symbol
Unit
Validity interval a
Airflow entering through window
opening
qV;arg;in
m3/h
0 to λ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow leaving through window
opening
qV;arg;out
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow
entering
combustion appliances
through
qV;comb;in
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow leaving through combustion
appliances
qV;comb;out
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
Extract air flow rate required at the
air terminal devices of the
mechanical ventilation system
qV;ETA;dis;req
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M5–6
Yes
Airflow entering through envelope
leakage
qV;lea;in
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow leaving through envelope
leakage
qV;lea;out
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
Required supply outdoor air volume
flow rate
qV;ODA;req
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Airflow entering through passive or
hybrid duct
qV;pdu;in
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow leaving through passive or
hybrid duct
qV;pdu;out
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
Supply air flow rate required at the
air terminal devices of the
mechanical ventilation system
qV;SUP;dis;req
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Airflow entering through vents
(openings in the external envelope)
qV;vent;in
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–6
Yes
Airflow leaving through vents
(openings in the external envelope)
qV;vent;out
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
19
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Symbol
Unit
Validity interval a
Maximum design required supply
air volume flow rate for ventilation
zone
qV;SUP;dis;max;des
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
No
Design supply outdoor air volume
flow rate for ventilation zone
qV;ODA;req;des
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
No
Operation
requirement
signal
(ventilation) (0 = fan OFF ; 1 = fan
ON)
fop;V
—
0 or 1
M5–6
Yes
ߍ SUP;dis;out;req
°C
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Required ventilation zone supply air
temperature for the case of
SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL = LOAD_COMP
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Intended
Varying c
destination module b
Description
a
Practical range, informative
b
Informative
“Varying”: value may vary over time: different values per time interval, for instance: hourly values or monthly values
(not constant values over the year)
c
6.2 Calculation intervals
The method described in Clause 6 is suitable for the following calculation intervals:
— hourly; or
— monthly.
For method 1, the output interval is the same as the input time-step.
Method 1 does not take into account any dynamic effect.
Method 1 can be used within a dynamic calculation scheme.
Method 1 can be used to obtain instantaneous air flow rates for the specific inputs assuming steadystate conditions.
6.3 Input data
6.3.1 General
Input data about products that are required for the calculation described in this document shall be the
data supplied by the manufacturer if they are declared according to relevant EN product standards.
If no such data from the manufacturer is available or if the required data are not product data, default
values are given in Annex B.
Default informative data given in Annex B may be replaced by other data, for example nationally
determined data. To ensure consistency with calculation method 1, input data shall be presented
according to the template given in normative Annex A.
NOTE
20
Compliance with the template given in Annex A does not guarantee that the new data set is consistent.
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.3.2 Product data
6.3.2.1 Product description data (qualitative)
Not applicable.
6.3.2.2 Product technical data
The product data shall be the value declared by the manufacturer according to certified measurements
performed according to the relevant product standards. If values declared by the manufacturer are not
available, then values shall be defined in accordance with the template given in Annex A; default values
are given in informative Annex B.
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Declared values are given at standard reference test conditions. Declared values shall be adjusted
according to actual operating conditions. This adjustment is part of the calculation procedure. This
applies both to standard test values and to field test measurements.
Required technical data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 5.
Table 5 — Product technical input data list
Characteristics
Symbol
Unit
Validity
interval a
Origin b
Varying c
Airflow coefficient of air terminal
device
CATD
m3ȀȋŠήƒn)
0 –‘λ
EN 13141–1 or EN 13141–2
Yes
Pressure factor of the cowl
Ccowl
—
Ϋ5 to 5
EN 13141–5
Yes
air
CD;ATD
—
0,6 to 1
Local
No
Discharge coefficient for a vent “i”
CD;vent,i
—
0,6 to 1
Local
No
Discharge coefficient for windows
CD;w
—
0,6 to 1
Local
No
Airflow coefficient of vents in the
external envelope intended for
ventilation
Cvent
m3/(h Pan)
Ͳ–‘λ
EN 13141–1 or EN 13141–2
Yes
Coefficient of vent “i” in the
Cvent;path,i m3/(h Pan)
external envelope
Ͳ–‘λ
EN 13141–1 or EN 13141–2
No
Combustion appliance
factor (see B.3.2.3)
Discharge coefficient
terminal devices
for
system
fas
—
0 or 1
M3–8
No
Fuel flow factor (see B.3.2.3)
fff
l/(s kW)
0 to 5
M3–8
No
Distribution
factor
correction
fsys
—
1 to 3
Local
No
Flow exponent of air terminal
devices
nATD
—
0,5 to 1
EN 13141–1 or EN 13141–2
No
Flow exponent of a vent “i” in the
external envelope intended for
ventilation
nvent,i
—
0,5 to 1
EN 13141–1 or EN 13141–2
No
Reference pressure difference for
an air terminal device
ȟ’ATD;ref
Pa
1 to 100
Local
No
ȟ’pdu
Pa
1 to 1000
Local
Yes
Pa
1 to 100
Local
No
Pressure
ductwork
system
drop
through
the
Reference pressure difference for ȟ’
vent;ref,i
a vent “i”
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Characteristics
Symbol
Unit
Validity
interval a
Origin b
Varying c
Pressure loss coefficient of the
cowl in no wind condition
Ƀcowl
—
0 to 5
EN 13141–5
No
a
Practical range, informative
b
For instance EPB module or (e.g. product) standard or “local” (type, geometry)
“Varying”: value may vary over time: different values per time interval, for instance: hourly values or monthly
values (not constant values over the year)
c
Data shall be defined in accordance with the template given in Annex A. Default data are given in
Annex B.
6.3.3 System design data
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6.3.3.1 Process design
The process design data of ventilation systems is given by:
VENT_SYS_OP: Operation of the ventilation system, see Table 6.
Table 6 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP
Identifier
Description
BALANCED_OP
Operation as balanced mechanical system with supply and extract flow
EXTRACT_OP
Operation as extract air system only
SUPPLY_OP
Operation as supply air system only
NATURAL_OP
Operation as natural ventilation, no mechanical system
For hybrid systems, the definition of VENT_SYS_OP depends on the actual operation of the fan(s) for a
given calculation interval.
Quantitative process design data are given by Table 7.
Data shall be defined in accordance with the template given in Annex A. Default data are given in
Annex B.
Table 7 — Process design input data list
Symbol
Unit
Validity
interval a
Origin b
Varying c
AATD
cm2
0 to 105
Local
Yes
Adoor;min
m2
0 to 10
Local
No
Surface area of the façades of the ventilation zone
Afde
m2
0 to λ
Local
No
Reference area of the envelope airtightness index
q˜ǢοŽ‡ƒǢ”‡ˆ (depends on national context)
Alea
m2
Ͳ–‘λ
EN 13829
No
Surface area of the roof of the ventilation zone
Aroof
m2
Ͳ–‘λ
Local
No
Cross-sectional area of the passive duct
As;pdu
m2
0 to 2
Local
No
Area of a vent “i”
Avent,i
cm2
0 to 105
Local
Yes
Maximum opening area for a window “i”
Aw;max,i
m2
Ͳ–‘λ
Local
No
Characteristics
Equivalent area of the air terminal device
Area of a typical doorway
22
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Characteristics
Symbol
Unit
Validity
interval a
Origin b
Varying c
Equivalent window area relative to orientation of
interest
Aw;ori
m2
Ͳ–‘λ
Local
No
Pressure coefficient when the cowl is installed at roof
height
Cp;cowl;roof
—
Ϋ1 to 1
Local
No
Cp;path,i
—
Ϋ1 to 1
Local
Yes
Altitude above sea level of the object
halt
m
0 to 4000
M1–13
No
Mid-height of the air flow path “i” relative to
ventilation zone floor level
hpath,i
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Height of passive duct
hpdu
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Free area height of the window “i”
hw;fa,i
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Mid-height of the window “i” relative to ventilation
zone floor level
hw;path,i
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Mid-height of the part “j” of window “i” relative to
ventilation zone floor level
hw;path,i,j
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Height of ventilation zone
hz
m
0 to 100
Local
No
Air flow exponent for leaks
nlea
—
0,5 to 1,0
Local
No
Number of windows
Nw
—
Ͳ–‘λ
Local
No
Flow exponent of window
nw
—
0,5 to 1
Local
No
Number of window divisions
Nw;div
—
ͳ–‘λ
Local
No
Design zone cooling need to be covered by the
mechanical ventilation system
QC;des
kWh
Ͳ–‘λ
M4–3
No
Design zone heating need to be covered by the
mechanical ventilation system
QH;des
kWh
Ͳ–‘λ
M3–3
No
Envelope airtightness index of the ventilation zone
“ǢȟPlea;ref
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
EN 13829
No
Correction of cowl pressure factor accounting for
ȟcowl;height
height above roof level
—
Ϋ1 to 1
Local
No
Difference of wind pressure coefficients between the
windward and leeward sides
ȟp
—
0 to 2
Local
No
Orientation (0° = South, 90° = West,
180° = North) of window “i”
Ƚw,i
—
0° to 360°
Local
No
Angle (0° = horizontal, 90° = vertical) of window “i”
Ⱦw,i
—
0° to 90°
Local
No
Ventilation system effectiveness
ɂV
—
0 to 3
Local
Yes
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Wind pressure coefficient for air flow path “i”
270° = East,
a
Practical range, informative
b
For instance EPB module or (e.g. product) standard or “local” (type, geometry)
c “Varying”: value may vary over time: different values per time interval, for instance: hourly values or monthly
values (not constant values over the year)
23
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
It shall be decided:
— if airflow coefficient for air terminal devices (CATD) is defined; or
— if a default calculation is made by defining equivalent areas (AATD), discharge coefficient (CD;ATD)
and reference pressure difference (σpATD).
6.3.3.2 Control
The process control options are given by:
SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL: This identifier indicates how the supply air temperature is controlled, see
Table 8.
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Table 8 — Identifiers for SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL
Identifier
NOTE
Description
NO_CTRL
No supply air temperature control
CONST
Constant supply air temperature
ODA_COMP
Variable set point with outdoor temperature compensation
LOAD_COMP
Variable set point with load dependent compensation
SUP_AIR_TMP_CTRL is also used in EN 16798–5–1.
SUP_AIR_FLW_CTRL: This identifier indicates how the supply air flowrate is controlled, see Table 9.
Table 9 — Identifiers for SUP_AIR_FLW_CTRL
Identifier
Description
ODA
Flow rate controlled according to outdoor air requirements only
LOAD
Flow rate controlled according to heating/cooling load with a minimum flow rate set by outdoor air
requirements
6.3.4 Operating conditions
Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 10.
Table 10 — Operating conditions data list
Name
Symbol
Unit Validity interval a
Origin b
Varying c
Roughness coefficient at height of 10 m depending on
the local environment of the meteorological station
Crgh;met
—
0 to λ
ISO 15927-1
No
Roughness coefficient at zone level depending on the
local environment of the building site
Crgh;site
—
Ͳ–‘λ
ISO 15927-1
No
Roughness coefficient at height of 10m depending on
the local environment of the building site
Crgh;10;site
—
0 –‘λ
ISO 15927-1
No
Topography coefficient depending on
environment of the meteorological station
local
Ctop;met
—
Ͳ–‘λ
ISO 15927-1
No
Topography coefficient depending on the local
environment of the building site at building height
Ctop;site
—
0 –‘λ
ISO 15927-1
No
Topography coefficient depending on the local
environment of the building site at height of 10m
Ctop;10;site
—
Ͳ–‘λ
ISO 15927-1
No
24
the
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Name
Symbol
Unit Validity interval a
Origin b
Varying c
Airing factor (see B.3.3.8)
farg
—
0 to 3
Local
No
Cross-ventilation factor
fcros
—
0 or 1
Local
No
Control factor
fctrl
—
0 to 1
Local
Yes
Supply outdoor air fraction
fODA
—
0 to 1
M5–6
Yes
Operation requirement signal (combustion appliance)
fop;comb
—
0 or 1
Local
Yes
Operation requirement signal (ventilation) (0 = fan OFF
; 1 = fan ON)
fop;V
—
0 or 1
Local
Yes
Combustion appliance heating fuel input power
Ph;fi
kW
0 to λ
M3–3
Yes
Ventilation zone cooling need to be covered by the
mechanical ventilation system
QC;V;req
kWh
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–2
Yes
Ventilation zone heating need to be covered by the
mechanical ventilation system
QH;V;req
kWh
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–2
Yes
ߍzt
°C
0 to 50
M2–2
yes
qV;ETA;dis
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M5–6
Yes
Duct leakage air volume flow extracted from a
ventilation zone
qV;lea;ETA;dis
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M5–6
Yes
Duct leakage air volume flow going to a ventilation zone
qV;lea;SUP;dis
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Required design air flow rate to be supplied to or
extracted from the ventilation zone assuming a qV;ODA;req;des m3/h
ventilation effectiveness of 1 (perfect mixing).
Ͳ–‘λ
M1–6
No
Supply air volume flow rate going to ventilation zone
qV;SUP;dis
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Ratio of window opening area to maximum window
opening area for a window “i”
Rw;arg,i
—
0 to 1
Local
Yes
SHIELD_CLASS
—
List
Local
No
Te
K
223 to 323
M1–13
Yes
TER_CLASS
—
List
Local
No
Ventilation zone temperature
Tz
K
273 to 323
M2–2
Yes
Calculation interval
tci
h
10Ϋ4 to 744
M1–9
No
Meteorological wind speed
u10
m/s
0 to 25
M1–13
Yes
Maximum wind velocity at site at 10m height for crosscalculation
u10;site;max
m/s
0 to 25
Local
No
Ventilation system operation
VENT_SYS_OP
—
List
Local
No
Supply air temperature
ߍSUP;dis;out
°C
Ϋʹ͹͵–‘λ
M5–6
Yes
Temperature variation based on control system
ȟɅctr;syst
K
Ϋ5 to 40
M3–5, M4–5
No
Corrected outdoor temperature
Ʌe;comb
°C
-λ–‘ͶͲ
M3–5, M4–5
Yes
Thermal zone temperature
Extract air volume flow from a ventilation zone
Shielding class (see B.3.3.2)
External temperature
Terrain class (see B.3.4.2)
a
Practical range, informative
b
For instance EPB module or (e.g. product) standard or “local” (type, geometry)
“Varying”: value may vary over time: different values per time interval, for instance: hourly values or monthly values (not
constant values over the year).
c
25
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.3.5 Constants and physical data
Constants and physical data are listed in Table 11.
Table 11 — Constants and physical data
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Name
Symbol
Unit
Value
Specific heat of the air at constant pressure
ca
kWh/(kg K)
0,000 279
Coefficient taking into account stack effect in airing calculations
Cst
(m/s)/ (m·K)
0,0035
Coefficient taking into account wind speed in airing calculations
Cwnd
1/(m/s)
0,001
Acceleration of gravity
g
m/s2
9,81
Standard atmospheric pressure
patm
Pa
101325
Temperature at 0°C
T0;abs
K
+273,15
External reference temperature
Te;ref
K
293,15
Reference pressure for the envelope airtightness index
ȟ’lea;ref
Pa
50
Air density at sea level, 293 K and dry air
ɏa;ref
kg/m3
1,204a
a
The air density can be adjusted for altitude halt above sea level as follows: U a
§
0, 00651 ˜ h alt ·
¸
U a;ref ¨ 1 ¨
¸
293
©
¹
4,255
This shall be done in line with the M5–6 standard.
6.3.6 Input data from Annex A (Annex B)
Annex A contains the normative template for choices in references, methods and input data.
Informative default choices in references, methods and input data are given in Annex B, in line with the
template of Annex A.
All these choices and input data are indispensable for the application of this standard.
6.4 Calculation procedure, method 1
6.4.1 Applicable time intervals and states of operation
A state of operation describes a set of unique operating conditions (climate, mechanical ventilation flow
rate, window opening, etc.).
In hourly calculations, only one state of operation shall be used for each calculation interval.
In monthly calculations, the procedure shall consider when defining the state of operation at least:
— occupied/non occupied periods; and
— five wind speeds.
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation
6.4.2.1 Air density calculation
The air density at temperature T and neglecting atmospheric pressure variations is given by:
UT
26
Tref
T
˜ U a;ref
(1)
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.2.2 Reference wind speed at site
The meteorological wind speed at 10 m is corrected as follows to obtain the reference wind speed at
site at zone level:
usite
C rgh; site ˜ C top; site
C rgh; met ˜ C top; met
(2)
˜ u10
The meteorological wind speed at 10 m is corrected as follows to obtain the reference wind speed at
site at 10 m height:
u10;site
C rgh;10; site ˜ C top;10. site
C rgh; met ˜ C top; met
(3)
˜ u10
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Crgh;site, Ctop;site, Crgh;10.site, Ctop;10.site, Crgh;met, Ctop;met shall be:
— calculated according to ISO 15927-1, taking into account the roughness and the topography near
the building site and the meteorological station; or
— assessed with default values given in B.3.4.2.
6.4.2.3 Pressure coefficients associated to an air flow path
The pressure coefficients shall be determined for each air flow path taking into account:
— its height on the façade; and
— the façade exposure to wind (see B.3.3.2).
B.3.3 gives a table to determine pressure coefficients.
6.4.2.4 Pressure difference at an air flow path
The pressure difference between the outside and the inside for air flow path “i” at its height above floor
level is given by:
' p path ,i = pe;path ,i pz;path ,i
p e;path ,i = U a,ref ˜
pz;path ,i
Te;ref
Te
(4)
˜ 0,5 u C p;path ,i ˜ u site 2 - hpath ,i ˜ g
pz;ref U a,ref ˜ hpath ,i ˜ g ˜
Te;ref
Tz
(5)
(6)
External pressure at the floor level of the ventilation zone is taken equal to 0.
NOTE
Formulae (3) to (5) can apply to leakage, vent and window air flow paths (subscripts lea;path,
vent;path and w;path)
27
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.2.5 Required supply air temperature for mechanical ventilation air condition calculations
The required supply air temperature provided to the zone in case of local load dependent control is
given by:
if SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL = LOAD_COMP
-SUP;dis;out;req
-zt Q H;V;req Q H ;V ;em;ls
U a c a ˜ q V;SUP;dis ˜ t ci
QC;V;req QC ;V ;em;ls
U a c a ˜ q V;SUP;dis ˜ t ci
(7)
else ߍSUP;dis;out;req is not determined.
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where
ߍzt
°C
is the thermal zone air temperature
QH;V;req
kWh
heat to be supplied to the thermal zone by the ventilation system at the
current calculation interval
QC;V;req
kWh
heat to be extracted from the thermal zone by the ventilation system at
the current calculation interval
NOTE 1
Value is only needed in M5–6 in case of SUP_AIR_TEMP_CTRL = LOAD_COMP. In this case the supply air
flow rate is given by the M5–6 standard. See 6.4.3.2.3 for variable flow rate calculation.
NOTE 2
It is assumed that either the required heating or the required cooling energy is 0.
NOTE 3
This calculation requires that the thermal and ventilation zone are identical.
The heating/cooling emission losses are:
Q H /C ;V ;em, ls
§ '-ctr ; syst ·
¸
Q H /C ;V ;req ˜ ¨
¨ - zt -e,comb ¸
©
¹
(8)
where
ȟߍctr;syst
°C
is the control inaccuracy temperature difference
ߍe;comb
°C
is the corrected outdoor temperature
6.4.3 Calculation of air flow rates
6.4.3.1 General
All formulae of Clause 6 apply to a single ventilation zone the pressure of which at floor level can be
considered as homogenous and equal to pz;ref. The technical report CEN/TR 16798-8 gives guidance to
assess the relevance of this assumption.
The resolution scheme is as follows:
— establish the formulae giving the air flow rates for a given internal reference pressure through:
— mechanical ventilation systems,
— passive duct or hybrid duct systems,
— combustion appliances,
28
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
— windows opening,
— vents, i.e. openings in the external envelope intended for ventilation (other than windows),
— envelope leakage, and
— other air flow paths through the ventilation zone boundary;
— calculate the internal reference pressure for the ventilation zone pz;ref balancing mass air flow rates
leaving and entering the ventilation zone; and
— calculate the air flow rates for this internal reference pressure.
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All formulae shall be used with units given in input tables.
If the ventilation zone is divided into elementary spaces, formulae of 6.4.3 shall be applied for each
elementary space and the air flow rates between elementary spaces shall be taken into account in the
mass balance formulae of the airflows. Additional information is given in the technical report
CEN/TR 16798-8 to consider this case.
6.4.3.2 Mechanical airflow calculation
6.4.3.2.1 Required outdoor ventilation air flow rates for energy calculations
The required outdoor air flow rate is given by:
q V;ODA;req
f ctrl ˜ f sys
HV
˜ q V;ODA;req;des
(9)
where
fsys
-
factor accounting for the uncertainty in the delivered air flow
rate
ɂV
-
ventilation effectiveness, as defined in the M5–1 standard
qV;ODA;req;des
m3/h
design outdoor air flow rate
Annex B gives default values for fctrl and fsys. If other values are used, they shall be given in accordance
with the template given in Annex A.
6.4.3.2.2 Required outdoor air flow rates at air terminal devices
If VENT_SYS_OP = BALANCED_OP
q V;SUP;req
q V;ODA;req
(10)
q V;ETA;req
q V;ODA;req
(11)
If VENT_SYS_OP = EXTRACT_OP
q V;SUP;req
0
(12)
q V;ETA;req
q V;ODA;req
(13)
29
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
If VENT_SYS_OP = SUPPLY_OP
q V;SUP;req
q V;ODA;req
(14)
q V;ETA;req
0
(15)
If VENT_SYS_OP = NATURAL_OP
q V;SUP;req
0
(16)
q V;ETA;req
0
(17)
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6.4.3.2.3 Mechanical air flow rates to the ventilation zone required to be distributed through air
terminal devices
The mechanical air flow rates required to be supplied to the ventilation zone through the air terminal
devices of the distribution system are calculated by:
If SUP_AIR_FLW_CTRL = ODA
q V;SUP;dis;req
f op;V ˜ q V;SUP;req
(18)
q V;ETA;dis;req
f op;V ˜ q V;ETA;req
(19)
q V;SUP;dis;req
§
·
Q H;V;req Q H ;V ;em;ls
QC;V;req QC ;V ;em;ls
¨
¸
f op;V ˜ max
;
; q V;SUP;req
¨
¸
¨ U a c a -SUP;dis;out Tz T0;abs t ci U a c a Tz T0;abs -SUP;dis;out t ci
¸
©
¹
else
(20)
if VENT_SYS_OP = BALANCED_OP
q V;ETA;dis;req
q V;SUP;dis;req
(21)
0
(22)
else
q V;ETA;dis;req
If SUP_AIR_FLW_CTRL = LOAD then VENT_SYS_OP shall be BALANCED_OP or SUPPLY_OP.
NOTE
In this case the supply air temperature is given by the M5–6 standard. See 6.4.2.5 for constant volume
flow rate calculation.
The maximum design mechanical air flow rates required to be supplied to the ventilation zone through
the air terminal devices of the distribution system are calculated by:
q V;SUP;dis;max.des
§
·
Q H;des
QC;des
max ¨
;
; q V;ODA;req;des ¸
¨
¸
¨ U a c a -SUP;dis;out Tz T0;abs t ci U a c a Tz T0;abs -SUP;dis;out t ci
¸
©
¹
(23)
30
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.3.2.4 Supply outdoor air flow rate
The supply outdoor air flow rate provided to the ventilation zone is given by:
q V;ODA;dis
(24)
f ODA ˜ q V;SUP;dis
6.4.3.3 Passive and hybrid duct ventilation
6.4.3.3.1 General
The air flow rate through a passive duct is characterized by:
— the pressure loss at the internal air terminal devices;
— the pressure losses in the ductwork;
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— the pressure loss at the cowl; and
— the useful height for stack effect.
6.4.3.3.2 Pressure loss at internal air terminal devices
The pressure loss at an internal air terminal device shall be characterized taking into account the total
air flow rate passing through the device:
1
' p ATD
§q
· n ATD
¨ V;pdu ¸
sign q V;pdu ˜ ¨
¸
¨ C ATD ¸
©
¹
(25)
or, for externally mounted air transfer devices, by the test results according to EN 13141-1 and
EN 13141-2 if applicable.
The coefficient of the air terminal device may be calculated from the equivalent area AATD value,
according to EN 13141-1 and EN 13141-2, as follows:
C ATD
§ 2 ·
3600
¸
u C D;ATD ˜ A ATD ˜ ¨
¨ U a;ref ¸
10000
©
¹
0,5
n
§
· ATD
1
¨
¸
˜
¨ ' p ATD;ref ¸
©
¹
0,5
(26)
6.4.3.3.3 Pressure losses in the ductwork
A method can be defined at national level to calculate the pressure drop through the ductwork ȟ’pdu
from the inside space to the outside near the cowl or passive duct outlet.
The pressure drop of linear ducts, take-off and singularities shall be calculated.
6.4.3.3.4 Cowl characteristics and corrections according to roof angle and position and height of
the cowl
A cowl is characterized with 2 coefficients derived by tests performed according to EN 13141-5:
— its pressure drop Ƀcowl in no-wind condition; and
— its pressure factor Ccowl which is a function of vertical wind approach angle, air speed in the duct
and (for hybrid systems) fan operation.
31
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
For hybrid systems, the pressure factor shall be determined taking into account the combined effects of
wind and fan operation according to EN 13141-5.
The pressure factor taken at the roof outlet or cowl Ccowl;tot is given by:
C cowl C p;cowl;roof 'C cowl;height
C cowl;tot
(27)
B.3.3.5 and B.3.3.6 give default values for Cp;roof;cowl and ȟcowl;height respectively.
The pressure drop at the cowl is:
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If usite = 0
' pcowl
§
·
q V;pdu
1
¨
¸
u sign q V;pdu ˜ ] cowl ˜ U a;ref ˜ ¨
¸
A
˜
2
3600
¨
s;pdu ¸
©
¹
' pcowl
2
(28)
Else
1
2
u sign q V;pdu ˜ C cowl;tot ˜ U a;ref ˜ usite
2
(29)
6.4.3.3.5 Overall calculation
The following implicit formula shall be solved with qV;pdu as unknown:
' p ATD ' p pdu ' pcowl
pz;ref hpdu;st ˜ g ˜ U a;e U a;z
(30)
If q V;pdu t 0 (cf. 6.4.3.3.2)
q V;pdu;in
q V;pdu
(31)
q V;pdu;out
0
(32)
q V;pdu;in
0
(33)
q V;pdu;out
q V;pdu
(34)
Else
6.4.3.3.6 Switching to mechanical ventilation with hybrid systems
Conditions to switch to mechanical ventilation can be based on wind velocity and temperature
difference between the elementary spaces considered and the outside.
6.4.3.4 Combustion air flows
The additional outside air flow rate needed for the operation of the combustion appliance qv;comb shall
be calculated from the following:
q V;comb
32
3, 6 u f op;comb . f as . f ff .Ph;fi
(35)
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
If the appliance is on:
—
fop;comb = 1
(36)
— q V;comb;in
0
— q V;comb;out
q V;comb
(37)
(38)
— The air temperature associated with qV;comb;out is the ventilation zone temperature.
If the appliance is off:
— fop;comb = 0
(39)
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— The flue shall be considered as vertical passive duct (see 6.4.3.3).
Data for appliance system factors are given in B.3.2.3.
6.4.3.5 Airflow due to windows opening
6.4.3.5.1 General
The air flow rates due to windows opening may be calculated using any of the following options:
— simplified calculation using required air flow rates as inputs;
— calculation using wind velocity and temperature difference as inputs; and
— calculation using internal reference pressure as input.
Obstacles to the flow passage by airing shall be considered as significant obstructions if the crosssectional free area for the flow passage left by the obstructions is smaller than a typical doorway.
Annex B gives a default value for a typical doorway (Adoor;min).
If there are significant obstructions to the flow passage by airing:
— the ventilation zone shall be divided into elementary spaces that can be cross-ventilated and
elementary spaces that cannot be cross-ventilated; and
— the options described in 6.4.3.5.4 and 6.4.3.5.5 apply separately to the elementary spaces
considering the windows of each elementary space separately. The resulting air flow rates entering
(respectively, leaving) the ventilation zone are the sums of the air flow rates entering (respectively,
leaving) each elementary spaces.
6.4.3.5.2 Window opening free area
The window opening free area for a window “i” is given by:
Aw ,i
R w;arg ,i ˜ Aw;max ,i
(40)
The total windows area is given by:
Aw;tot
Nw
¦ Aw ,i
(41)
i 1
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.3.5.3 Simplified calculation
This simplified calculation can be used to determine the hygienic ventilation air flow rate when the
indoor air quality only relies on windows opening.
With this option, the air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
U a;ref
q V;arg;in
U a;e
(42)
f arg ˜ q V;ODA;req
The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
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q V;arg;out
U a;ref
(43)
f arg ˜ q V;ODA;req
U a;z
NOTE
Using a fixed airing factor gives a very rough estimate of the air flow rates through windows openings;
however, this approach can be practical for heating energy calculation and when there is no ventilation system
other than manual window opening.
6.4.3.5.4 Calculation of ventilation through windows using wind velocity and temperature
difference as inputs
6.4.3.5.4.1 General
In 6.4.3.5.4, the calculation depends whether the singled-sided ventilation occurs or not.
Annex B.3.3.9 gives default values for fcros. If other values are used, they shall be given in accordance
with the template given in Annex A.
Both for single-sided and cross-ventilation, the wind speed used to calculate the air flow rates due to
airing may differ from the meteorological wind speed.
The useful height for stack effect for airing is given by:
hw;st
max i 1 to N
§
§
hw;fa ,i ·
hw;fa ,i ·
¨h
¸ min
¨h
¸
w;path
,i
i
1
to
N
w;path
,i
w ¨
w ¨
2 ¸
2 ¸
©
¹
©
¹
(44)
6.4.3.5.4.2 Single-sided ventilation
The air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
q V;arg;in
3600 u
U a;ref
U a;e
˜
Aw;tot
2
§
·
; C st ˜ hw;st ˜ abs Tz Te ¸
˜ max ¨ C wnd ˜ u 2
10;site
©
¹
0,5
(45)
The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
q V;arg;out
3600 u
U a;ref
U a;z
˜
Aw;tot
2
§
·
; C st ˜ hw;st ˜ abs Tz Te ¸
˜ max ¨ C wnd ˜ u 2
10;site
©
¹
6.4.3.5.4.3 Cross-ventilation
The air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
34
0,5
(46)
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
3600 u
q V;arg;in
§
0,5 Aw;tot
˜ max ¨ C D;w ˜ Aw;cros ˜ min u10; site ; u10; site;max ˜ 'C p
˜ C st ˜ hw;st ˜ abs Tz Te
;
¨
U a;e
2
©
U a;ref
(47)
The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through windows opening is:
3600 u
q V;arg;out
§
0,5 Aw;tot
;
˜ max ¨ C D;w ˜ Aw;cros ˜ min u10; site ; u10; site;max ˜ 'C p
˜ C st ˜ hw;st ˜ abs Tz Te
¨
U a;z
2
©
U a;ref
(48)
Aw;cros is given by the following procedure:
For i = 1 to 2
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For j = 1 to 4
Aw;ori,j = 0
D ref
D max
D min
i 1 u 45q j 1 u 90q
D ref 45q
D ref 45q
(49)
For k = 1 to Nw,
if D min d D w ,k D max and E w ,k t 60q : Aw;ori , j
(50)
Aw;ori , j Aw;k
End For k
End For j
Aw;cros,i
§
¨
¨
¨
1
u
¨
4 j 1to 4 ¨
A w;ori,j ! 0 ¨
¨¨
©
¦
·
¸
¸
¸
1
¸
¸
1
1
2
2 ¸
Aw;ori,j
¸¸
Aw;tot Aw;ori,j
¹
(51)
End For i
Aw;cros
(52)
min Aw;cros;1 ; Aw;cros;2
6.4.3.5.5 Calculation of ventilation through windows using internal pressure as input
Clause 6.4.3.5.5 does not apply to ventilation zones where the only airflows considered are due to
single-sided ventilation.
The air flow rate for each part “j” of a window “i” (delimited by a division, see Nw;div) is given by:
q V ; w;div;path ,i, j
C w; path ,i
N w;div 1
˜ sign ' p w;div;path ,i , j ˜ ' p w;div;path ,i , j
nw
(53)
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
n
C w; path ,i
§ 2 · w
¸
3600 u C D;w ˜ Aw ,i ˜ ¨
¨ U a;ref ¸
©
¹
(54)
The height to be considered for ȟ’w;div;path,i, j is:
hw;div;path ,i , j
hw;path ,i hw;fa ,i
2
hw;fa ,i
2 u N w;div 1
hw;fa ,i
N w;div 1
j 1
(55)
The air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through windows opening is the sum of positive airflows
through the windows parts:
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q V;arg;in
¦¦ qv;w;div;path ,i, j !0 q V;w;div;path ,i, j
(56)
i, j
The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through windows opening is the sum of negative air flow
rates through the windows parts:
q V;arg;out
¦¦ qv;w;div;path ,i, j 0 q V;w;div;path ,i, j
(57)
i, j
6.4.3.6 Airflow through vents and envelope leakage
6.4.3.6.1 General
The air flow rates through leaks shall be calculated solving for the internal reference pressure.
6.4.3.6.2 Distribution of vents
The vents shall be distributed according to one of the following rules:
Each vent is characterized by its flow characteristics (Cvent;path;i), height, and pressure coefficient
determined according to 6.4.2.3.
The locations of vents are pre-defined: B.3.3.12 gives default values for the flow characteristics of the
airflow paths for default airflow path heights and wind orientation.
6.4.3.6.3 Envelope leakage distribution
The envelope leakage shall be distributed assuming pre-defined locations of the leakage paths: B.3.3.16
gives default values for the flow characteristics of the airflow paths for default airflow path heights and
wind orientation.
6.4.3.6.4 Airflow through vents (openings in the external envelope intended for ventilation
(other than windows))
For each couple “i” of height and wind pressure coefficient associated with vents, the air flow rate is
given either by:
q V ; vent;path ,i
C vent;path ,i ˜ sign ' p vent;path ,i ˜ ' p vent;path ,i
nvent ,i
(58)
or, for externally mounted air transfer devices, by the test results according to EN 13141-1 and
EN 13141-2 if applicable.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
The coefficient of the vent “i” may be calculated from the equivalent area Avent,i value, according to
EN 13141-1 and EN 13141-2, as follows:
C vent, i
§ 2 ·
3600
¸
u C D;vent ,i ˜ Avent,i ˜ ¨
¨ U a;ref ¸
10000
©
¹
0,5
n
§
· vent ,i
1
¨
¸
˜
¨ ' p vent;ref ,i ¸
©
¹
0,5
(59)
The air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through vents is the sum of positive airflows through the
vents:
¦
q v;vent;in
q v;vent;path ,i ! 0
(60)
q v;vent;path ,i
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The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through vents is the sum of negative airflows through the
vents:
¦
q v;vent;out
q v;vent;path ,i 0
(61)
q v;vent;path ,i
6.4.3.6.5 Air flow through leaks
For each couple “i” of height and wind pressure coefficient used to characterize the envelope leakage
distribution, the air flow rate is given by:
C lea;path ,i ˜ sign ' p lea;path ,i ˜ ' p lea;path ,i
q V ;lea:path ,i
nlea
(62)
The air flow rate entering the ventilation zone through leaks is the sum of positive airflows through the
leaks:
q V;lea;in
¦
q V;lea;path ! 0
q V;lea;path ,i
(63)
The air flow rate leaving the ventilation zone through leaks is the sum of negative airflows through the
leaks:
q V;lea;out
¦
q v;lea;path 0
q V;lea;path ,i
(64)
6.4.3.7 Other air flow paths through the ventilation zone
If applicable, other airflows supplied to or extracted from the ventilation zone may be taken into
account.
6.4.3.8 Conversion to mass air flow rates
A volume air flow rate q shall be converted to a mass air flow rate qm with the following formula:
If q t 0 , q m
Else q m
U a;e ˜ q
U a;z ˜ q
(65)
(66)
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
6.4.3.9 Implicit mass balance formula for determining internal reference pressure
The internal reference pressure used to calculate the air mass flow rates shall be calculated by solving
the following mass balance formula:
q m;V;SUP;dis q m;V;ETA;dis q m;V;comb;in q m;V;comb;out q m;V;pdu;in
q m;V;pdu;out q m;V;arg;in q m;V;arg;out q m;V;vent;in q m;V;vent;out
q m;V;lea;in q m;V;lea;out
(67)
0
with the internal reference pressure pz;ref as unknown.
The air volume or mass flow rate entering or leaving the ventilation zone through each air flow path
described in 6.1 can be obtained by substituting the calculated pz;ref in the relevant formulae.
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6.4.3.10 Total air flow rate entering and leaving the ventilation zone
The total mass air flow rate:
— entering each ventilation zone is the sum of the positive airflows; and
— leaving each ventilation zone is the sum of the negative airflows.
The total volume air flow rates are:
q V;tot;in
q V;tot;out
NOTE
q m;V;tot;in
U a;e
q m;V;tot;out
U a;z
(68)
(69)
These values are only needed for quality assurance.
7 Method 2 — Determination of air flow rates based on statistical approach
7.1 Output data
The output data are the total air flow rates entering and leaving the ventilation zone. These air flow
rates may be divided into air flow rates through:
— mechanical ventilation systems;
— passive duct systems;
— combustion appliances;
— windows opening;
— vents, i.e. openings in the external envelope intended for ventilation (other than windows); and
— envelope leakage.
Air entering the ventilation zone or a given elementary space is counted positive (air leaving is counted
negative).
The output data of method 2 are listed in Table 12.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Table 12 — Output data of method 2
Description
Symbol
Unit
Validity interval a
Intended
destination module b
Varying c
Total volume air flow rate entering each
ventilation zone
qV;tot;in
m3/h
Ͳ–‘λ
M2–6
Yes
Total volume air flow rate leaving each q
V;tot;out
ventilation zone
m3/h
-λ–‘Ͳ
M2–6
Yes
a
Practical range, informative
b
Informative
“Varying”: value may vary over time: different values per time interval, for instance: hourly values or monthly values (not
constant values over the year)
c
7.2 Calculation intervals
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The calculation interval can be:
— Monthly; or
— hourly.
The calculation intervals shall be consistent with the scope and limits of the statistical approach.
7.3 Input data
The input data are to be defined at national level. The definition of the input data shall be based on a
statistical analysis showing the correlation between the input and output data and the relevance of the
proposed method.
The following rules shall be fulfilled for the statistical analysis:
— the scope shall be specified (for example, detached houses, specified ventilation systems, etc.);
— the limits of the statistical analysis shall be stated;
— all specific assumptions (such as indoor temperature) or data (for example climate) shall be clearly
described;
— the set of cases used for the statistical analysis shall be clearly described;
— the input data and assumptions shall be described, including user patterns;
— the results of the statistical approach shall be compared to the reference ones for the set of cases
taken into account in the statistical analysis; and
— if the analysis is based on method 1, the remaining input data shall be all or a subset of the ones
described in method 1. For the input data of method 1 not taken into account, the default value
used shall be specified.
7.4 Calculation procedure, method 2
7.4.1 General
The calculation procedure shall be described in a publicly available report with two parts:
— description of the statistically based simplified method; and
— justification of the method.
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
7.4.2 Description of the statistically based simplified method
The part of the report concerning the description of the statistically based simplified method shall
include at least the following information:
— the field of application;
— the input data;
— the calculation method; and
— the output data.
7.4.3 Justification of the method
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If the basis for the statistical approach is the calculation of air flow rates through method 1, it shall be
possible to redo and check the calculation.
If the basis for the statistical approach is the field or laboratory measurement of air flow rates, the
measurement data shall be provided.
The part of the report concerning the justification of the method shall include at least the following
information:
— definition of the cases taken into account for the statistical analysis, including;
— default values for the input data not kept in the statistical method;
— range of values for the input data kept in the statistical approach;
— results of the different test cases (called reference results);
— description of the simplified approach and comparison of the reference results; and
— indication on the level of accuracy based on the comparison.
8 Quality control
The report with the results of the application of the standard shall include which input and method
selection data sheet, in line with the template of Annex A, has been used.
The calculation report shall:
— state the calculation interval, methods and options used for the calculation;
— list all input data;
— list all output data of Table 4 transferred to other modules;
— besides the output values of Table 4 transferred to other modules, include the values of the total
volume air flow rates are qv;tot;in and qv;tot;out; and
— in method 1, give an estimate of the convergence of the mass balance, for instance with residuals of
Formula (66).
40
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Control of the output data shall include:
— checking that all inputs and outputs are in their expected range; and
— in method 1, checking that the mass balance is obtained with a reasonable degree of convergence.
9 Compliance check
Compliance check performed in the context of an energy performance regulation may be based on
checks performed on a selection of input data, in particular those for which a minimum requirement is
set at national level, and/or those that have a significant weight on the calculated energy use.
When checks are performed on-site, they shall include the following verifications:
— ventilation system type;
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— location and characteristics of air terminal devices used for passive ducts*:
—
location, CATD, AATD;
— location and characteristics of cowls:
— location, Ccowl, Ƀcowl;
— location and height of passive ducts*:
— location, hpdu;
— location and cross-sectional area of passive ducts*:
— location, As;du;
— location and characteristics of vents*:
— location, Cvent;
— location and characteristics of combustion appliances*:
— location, fas, fff;
— number of windows*:
— N w;
— control factor*:
— fctrl.
* = if present
These verifications may be done for a part of the ventilation zone in large or multi-family buildings.
These checks are not meant to check compliance to ventilation requirements.
41
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Input and method selection data sheet – Template
A.1 General
The template in Annex A to this standard shall be used to specify the choices between methods, the
required input data and references to other standards.
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NOTE 1
Following this template is not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
NOTE 2
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B. Alternative values and choices can be imposed by
national / regional regulations. If the default values and choices of Annex B are not adopted because of the
national / regional regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
—
national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the national or regional values and
choices, in line with the template in Annex A; or
—
by default, the national standards body will add or include a national annex (Annex NA) to this
standard, in line with the template in Annex A, giving national or regional values and choices in accordance with
their legal documents.
NOTE 3
The template in Annex A is applicable to different applications (e.g. the design of a new building,
certification of a new building, renovation of an existing building and certification of an existing building) and for
different types of buildings (e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings). A distinction in values
and choices for different applications or building types could be made:
—
by adding columns or rows (one for each application), if the template allows;
—
by including more than one version of a Table (one for each application), numbered consecutively as a,
b, c, … For example: Table NA.3a, Table NA.3b.
—
by developing different national / regional data sheets for the same standard. In case of a national
annex to the standard these will be consecutively numbered (Annex NA, Annex NB, Annex NC, …).
NOTE 4
In the section “Introduction” of a national / regional data sheet information can be added, for example
about the applicable national / regional regulations.
NOTE 5
For certain input values to be acquired by the user, a data sheet following the template of Annex A,
could contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input data. For instance, reference to a
national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-calculations.
The shaded fields in the tables are part of the template and consequently not open for input.
42
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
A.2 References
The references, identified by the module code number, are given in Table A.1.
Table A.1 —References
Reference
Reference document
M1–6
M1–9
M1–13
M2–2
M2–6
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M3–3
M3–5
M4–5
M5–6–1
M5–6–2
A.3 Input data method 1
A.3.1 Product description data
Not applicable.
A.3.2 Product technical data
A.3.2.1 Discharge coefficient for vents, air terminal devices, windows
The values for the discharge coefficients are:
CD;vent =
CD;ATD =
CD;w =
A.3.2.2 Airflow exponent for vents, air terminal devices, windows
The values for the air flow exponents are:
nvent =
nATD =
nw =
43
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
A.3.2.3 Combustion air flows factors
The combustion appliance system factor is given in Table A.2.
Table A.2 — Data for appliance system factor
Combustion air
supply situation
Flue gas
exhaust situation
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Flue gases are exhausted into
room
Appliance
system factor
fas
Typical combustion
appliance system
Ȉ
Kitchen stove
Ȉ
Gas appliance
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according to CEN/TR 1749
Type A
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Flue gases are exhausted into
separate duct
Ȉ
Open fire place
Ȉ
Gas appliance according to
CEN/TR 1749 Type B
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Flue gases are exhausted in duct
simultaneously with mechanical
ventilation exhaust air
Ȉ
Specific gas appliance
Combustion air is delivered Flue gases are exhausted into a Ȉ
directly from outside in a separate duct
separate duct, sealed from room
air
Ȉ
Gas appliance according to
CEN/TR 1749 Type C (room
air sealed systems)
Closed fire place (wood, coal
or wood/coal-effect gas fire)
For residential buildings, the fuel flow factors for combustion air flow are given in Table A.3.
Table A.3 — Data for fuel flow factor
Fuel type
Wood
Gas
Oil
Appliance
type
open fire closed
open gas open
gas open
gas closed
place
with built in with flue kitchen stove wood/coal
fire
fan
balancer
effect gas fire
Coal
closed fire
Fuel
flow
factor,
fff
[l/s per kW]
A.3.2.4 Mechanical ventilation
For the calculations of the mechanical system ventilation air flow rates, the values are as follows:
fctrl see Table A.4
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EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Table A.4 —Values for fctrl
Criteria
Sensor type
(See note 1)
fctrl
Building type /
occupation scenario
Additional
specifications on
control system (see
note 2)
Climate
Calculation time
interval
….
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NOTE 1
Aside from constant air volume system, control strategies can be based on, for example, presence
detection, people count, CO2 concentration, relative humidity. The value of fctrl depends on control strategy,
occupation scenario, climate and calculation time interval.
NOTE 2
The value of fctrl depends on the quality of the sensors and the implementation of the control strategy
(e.g. location of the sensors and actuators with regard to occupation and pollutant loads in the various rooms of
the zone, management of hysteresis, setup values, equilibrium supply/exhaust, etc.).
fsys see Table A.5
Table A.5 — Values for fsys
Criterion
fsys
Certified system with fctrl < 1
Certified system with fctrl = 1
non-certified
…
A.3.3 System design data
A.3.3.1 Supply air temperature control
Not applicable
A.3.3.2 Exposure to wind
SHIELD_CLASS identifier indicates the exposure to wind of an air flow path on a facade.
Table A.6 gives identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS.
Table A.6 — Identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS
Code
Meaning
Open
Normal
Shielded
A.3.3.3 Pressure coefficients associated to an air flow path
Table A.7 gives Cp values for ventilation zone that can be cross-ventilated (fcros = 1) depending on the
height of the air flow path on the façade and its shielding class.
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Table A.7 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients
Height of air
flow path on
façade
Shielding
class
Dimensionless wind pressures Cp
Windward
Cp1
Leeward
Cp2
…
Roof (depending on slope)
Cp3
< 10°
Low:
10° to 30°
> 30°
Open
hpath < … m
Normal
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Shielded
Medium:
Open
… κ hpath <
Normal
…m
Shielded
High:
Open
hpath η … m
…
NOTE
The wind pressure coefficients given are valid for a wind sector of approx. ± 60° to the facade axis. The
wind direction is not considered more specifically.
Table A.8 gives Cp values for ventilation zone that cannot be cross-ventilated (fcros = 0).
Table A.8 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients for ventilation zone that cannot be
cross-ventilated (fcross = 0)
Windward
Leeward
Roof
A.3.3.4 Difference of wind pressure coefficients
The value for the difference of wind pressure coefficients between the windward and the leeward sides
of the ventilation zone is estimated using one of the options below:
— values from A.1.3.3; or
— a constant value, which by is set to ȟCp = .
A.3.3.5 Pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height
The value for the pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height is:
Cp;cowl;roof = .
A.3.3.6 Correction coefficient for accounting for height of cowl above roof level
Table A.9 provides values for ȟcowl;height values. By default, these values do not depend on the distance
to the roof top and the wind angle of attack.
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Table A.9 — šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆȟCcowl;height values
Between the top of
the roof and the roof
outlet
ȟcowl;height
(m)
< 0,5
0,5 –1,0
>1
A.3.3.7 Ventilation effectiveness
The value is:
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ɂ V =
A.3.3.8 Airing factor
This factor has to be defined at national level especially if a window opening is considered as a possible
ventilation system alone.
The value is:
farg = .
A.3.3.9 Cross-ventilation factor
Cross-ventilation may be considered in a ventilation zone if doors can be opened between two facades
with different orientations of the external envelope of the ventilation zone.
Table A.10 gives values for the cross-ventilation factor based on building categories.
Table A.10 — Cross-ventilation factor
Building type
Cross-ventilation factor,
fcros
Single family houses of different types
Apartment block (1) at least half of the floor area of the ventilation zone can be
cross-ventilated
Apartment block (2) other case
Office buildings
Educational buildings
Hospitals
Hotels and restaurants
Sport facilities
Wholesale and retail trade services buildings
Other types of energy consuming buildings
47
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
A.3.3.10 Number of window divisions
The value for the number of window divisions is:
Nw;div =
A.3.3.11 Stack effect in passive and hybrid duct
The useful height of stack effect depends on air transfers between levels of the ventilation zone:
If there is no air transfer between levels of the ventilation zone or its height is smaller or equal to
3 m:
hpdu;st =
Else:
hpdu;st =
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
A.3.3.12 Distribution of vents
The distribution of vents is given by Table A.11.
Table A.11 — Distribution of vents
Air flow path height
Windward facade
Leeward facade
…
Cvent;path =
Cvent;path =
Cvent;path =
Cvent;path =
Cvent;path =
Cvent;path =
…
A.3.3.13 Reference pressure for the envelope airtightness index
The value is:
ȟplea;ref =
A.3.3.14 Flow exponent through leaks
The value is:
nlea =
A.3.3.15 Leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone
C lea
q V;ȟ’
Alea
lea;ref
(A.1)
n
lea
' p lea;ref
A.3.3.16 Envelope leakage distribution
The leakage distribution is given in Table A.12.
Table A.12 — Envelope leakage distribution
Air flow path height
…
48
Windward façade
Leeward façade
Roof
…
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
A.3.3.17 Typical internal doorway area
Adoor;min =
A.3.4 Operating conditions data
A.3.4.1 Maximum wind speed for cross-ventilation calculation
u10;site;max =
A.3.4.2 Wind speed correction factors
Crgh;site =
Ctop;site, =
Ctop;10;site, =
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Crgh;met =
Ctop;met =
Table A.13 gives values for roughness coefficient at the building site at a height of 10 m.
Table A.13 — Correction factor Crgh;10;site
Terrain class,
TER_CLASS
Crgh;10.site
Open terrain
Country
Urban/City
A.3.4.3 Ventilation system operation
Table A.14 gives identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP.
Table A.14 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP
Code
Meaning
A.4 Input data method 2
There is no default value for this method.
49
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Input and method selection data sheet – Default choices
B.1 General
The template in Annex A to this standard shall be used to specify the choices between methods, the
required input data and references to other standards.
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
NOTE 1
Following this template is not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
NOTE 2
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B. Alternative values and choices can be imposed by
national / regional regulations. If the default values and choices of Annex B are not adopted because of the
national / regional regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
—
national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the national or regional values and
choices, in line with the template in Annex A; or
—
by default, the national standards body will add or include a national annex (Annex NA) to this
standard, in line with the template in Annex A, giving national or regional values and choices in accordance with
their legal documents.
NOTE 3
The template in Annex A is applicable to different applications (e.g. the design of a new building,
certification of a new building, renovation of an existing building and certification of an existing building) and for
different types of buildings (e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings). A distinction in values
and choices for different applications or building types could be made:
—
by adding columns or rows (one for each application), if the template allows;
—
by including more than one version of a Table (one for each application), numbered consecutively as a,
b, c, … For example: Table NA.3a, Table NA.3b.
—
by developing different national / regional data sheets for the same standard. In case of a national
annex to the standard these will be consecutively numbered (Annex NA, Annex NB, Annex NC, …).
NOTE 4
In the section “Introduction” of a national / regional data sheet information can be added, for example
about the applicable national / regional regulations.
NOTE 5
For certain input values to be acquired by the user, a data sheet following the template of Annex A,
could contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input data. For instance, reference to a
national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-calculations.
The shaded fields in the tables are part of the template and consequently not open for input.
50
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.2 References
The references, identified by the module code number, are given in Table B.1.
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Table B.1 —References
Reference
Reference document
M1–6
EN 16798–1, Energy performance of buildings — Part 1: Indoor environmental input parameters for design and
assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and
acoustics — Module M1–6
M1–9
prEN ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General framework
and procedures
M1–13
EN ISO 52010-1, Energy performance of buildings —Overarching assessment procedures for external environment
conditions — Part 1: Conversion of measured hourly weather data to input for energy calculations
M2–2
EN ISO 52016-1, Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and heating and cooling load in a building or building zone — Part 1: Calculation procedures
M2–6
EN ISO 52016-1, Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and heating and cooling load in a building or building zone — Part 1: Calculation procedures
M3–3
EN 12831–1, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for calculation of the design
heat load — Part 1: Space heating load
M3–5
EN 15316–2, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings – Method for calculation of system
energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling)
M4–5
EN 15316–2, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system
energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling)
M5–6–1
EN 16798–5–1, Energy performance of buildings — Modules M5–6, M5–8, M6–5, M6–8, M7–5, M7–8 — Ventilation
for buildings — Calculation methods for energy requirements of ventilation and air conditioning systems — Part
05–1: Distribution and generation (revision of EN 15241) — Method 1
M5–6–2
EN 16798–5–2, Energy performance of buildings — Modules M5–6, M5–8, M6–5, M6–8, M7–5, M7–8 — Ventilation
for buildings — Calculation methods for energy requirements of ventilation systems — Part 5–2: Distribution and
generation (revision of EN 15241) — Method 2
B.3 Input data method 1
B.3.1 Product description data
Not applicable.
B.3.2 Product technical data
B.3.2.1 Discharge coefficient for vents, air terminal devices, windows
The values for the discharge coefficients are:
CD;vent = 0,6
CD;ATD = 0,6
CD;w = 0,67
51
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.2.2 Airflow exponent for vents, air terminal devices, windows
The values for the air flow exponents are:
nvent = 0,5
nATD = 0,5
nw = 0,5
B.3.2.3 Combustion air flows factors
The combustion appliance system factor is given in Table B.2.
Table B.2 — Data for appliance system factor
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Combustion
supply situation
air Flue
exhaust situation
gas Typical
appliance system
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Flue gases are exhausted into room
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Flue gases are
separate duct
Combustion air is taken from
room air
Appliance
combustion system
factor fas
Ȉ
Kitchen stove
Ȉ
Gas appliance according to
CEN/TR 1749 Type A
Ȉ
Open fire place
Ȉ
Gas appliance according to
CEN/TR 1749 Type B
Flue gases are exhausted in duct
simultaneously with mechanical
ventilation exhaust air
Ȉ
Specific gas appliance
Combustion air is delivered directly Flue gases are exhausted into a
from outside in a separate duct, separate duct
sealed from room air
Ȉ
Gas appliance according to 0
CEN/TR 1749 Type C (room
air sealed systems)
Ȉ
Closed fire place (wood, coal
or wood/coal-effect gas fire)
exhausted
into
0
1
See note
NOTE Considered as a mechanical extraction system, but with variable air flow, depending of both the exhaust
and the combustion appliance.
For residential buildings, the fuel flow factors for combustion air flow are given in Table B.3.
Table B.3 — Data for fuel flow factor
Fuel type
Wood
Appliance
type
open fire Closed with open gas with
open gas
open gas/wood/coal
closed fire closed fire
place
built in fan flue balancer kitchen stove
effect gas fire
Fuel flow
factor,
fff [l/s per
kW]
52
2,8
Gas
0,38
0,78
3,35
Oil
3,35
0,32
Coal
0,52
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.2.4 Mechanical ventilation
For the calculations of the mechanical system ventilation air flow rates, the values are as follows:
fctrl see Table B.4
Table B.4 — Values for fctrl
Criteria
Sensor
type
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
(see note
1)
Additional
specifications on
control system (see
note 2)
fctrl
Building type /
occupation scenario
Climate
Calculation interval
People
count or
CO2
sensors
All
Non-residential
All
All
0,8
Occupancy
sensor
All
Non-residential
All
All
0,9
All other
sensors
All
Non residential
All
All
1,0
All
All
Residential
All
All
1,0
NOTE 1
Aside from constant air volume system, control strategies can be based on, for example, presence
detection, people count, CO2 concentration, relative humidity. The value of fctrl depends on control strategy,
occupation scenario, climate and calculation time interval.
NOTE 2
The value of fctrl depends on the quality of the sensors and the implementation of the control strategy
(e.g. location of the sensors and actuators with regard to occupation and pollutant loads in the various rooms of
the zone, management of hysteresis, setup values, equilibrium supply/exhaust, etc.).
fsys see Table B.5
Table B.5 — Values for fsys
Sensor type
fsys
Certified system with fctrl < 1
1,0
Certified system with fctrl = 1
1,1
Non-certified system
1,2
…
B.3.3 System design data
B.3.3.1 Supply air temperature control
Not applicable.
53
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.3.2 Exposure to wind
SHIELD_CLASS identifier indicates the exposure to wind of an air flow path on a facade.
Table B.6 gives meaning for identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS.
Table B.6 — Identifiers for SHIELD_CLASS
Code
Meaning
Open
No obstruction
Normal
Partially shielded from wind
Shielded
Shielded from wind
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
B.3.3.3 Pressure coefficients associated to an air flow path
Table B.7 gives Cp values for ventilation zone that can be cross-ventilated (fcros = 1) depending on the
height of the air flow path on the façade and its shielding class.
Table B.7 — Dimensionless wind pressures coefficients
Height of air
flow path on
façade
Low
Shielding
class
Dimensionless wind pressures Cp
Windward
Cp1
Leeward
Cp2
Roof (depending on slope)
Cp3
< 10°
10°-30°
> 30°
Open
+ 0,50
- 0,70
- 0,70
- 0,60
- 0,20
Normal
+ 0,25
- 0,50
- 0,60
- 0,50
- 0,20
Shielded
+ 0,05
- 0,30
- 0,50
- 0,40
- 0,20
Medium
Open
+ 0,65
- 0,70
- 0,70
- 0,60
- 0,20
15 κ hpath < 50 m
Normal
+ 0,45
- 0,50
- 0,60
- 0,50
- 0,20
Shielded
+ 0,25
- 0,30
- 0,50
- 0,40
- 0,20
Open
+ 0,80
- 0,70
- 0,70
- 0,60
- 0,20
hpath < 15 m
High
hpath η 50 m
NOTE
The wind pressure coefficients given are valid for a wind sector of approx. ± 60° to the facade axis. The
wind direction is not considered more specifically.
Table B.8 gives Cp values for ventilation zone that cannot be cross-ventilated (fcros = 0) .
Table B.8 — Dimensionless wind pressures for ventilation zone that cannot be cross-ventilated
(fcross = 0)
Windward
Leeward
Roof
0,05
- 0,05
0
B.3.3.4 Difference of wind pressure coefficients
The value for the difference of wind pressure coefficients between the windward and the leeward sides
of the ventilation zone is estimated using one of the options below:
54
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
— values from B.3.3.3; or
— a constant value, which by default is set to ȟCp = 0,75.
B.3.3.5 Pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height
The value for the pressure coefficient of the cowl at roof height is:
Cp;cowl;roof = 0.
B.3.3.6 Correction coefficient for accounting for height of cowl above roof level
Table B.9 provides values for ȟcowl;height values. By default, these values do not depend on the distance
to the roof top and the wind angle of attack.
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Table B.9 — šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆȟCcowl;height values
Between the top of
the roof and the
roof outlet in m
ȟcowl;height
< 0,5
- 0,0
0,5 –1,0
- 0,1
>1
- 0,2
B.3.3.7 Ventilation effectiveness
The value is:
ɂV = 1
B.3.3.8 Airing factor
This factor has to be defined at national level especially if a window opening is considered as a possible
ventilation system alone.
The value is:
farg = 1,8.
B.3.3.9 Cross-ventilation factor
Cross-ventilation may be considered in a ventilation zone if doors can be opened between two facades
with different orientations of the external envelope of the ventilation zone.
Table B.10 gives values for the cross-ventilation factor based on building categories.
55
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Table B.10 — Cross-ventilation factor
Building type
Cross-ventilation
factor, fcros
Single family houses of different types
1
Apartment block (1) at least half of the floor area of the ventilation zone can be crossventilated
1
Apartment block (2) other case
0
Office buildings
0
Educational buildings
1
Hospitals
0
Hotels and restaurants
0
Sport facilities
1
Wholesale and retail trade services buildings
1
Other types of energy consuming buildings
0
B.3.3.10 Number of window divisions
The value for the number of window divisions is:
Nw;div = 1
B.3.3.11 Stack effect in passive and hybrid duct
The useful height of stack effect depends on air transfers between levels of the ventilation zone:
If there is no air transfer between levels of the ventilation zone or its height is smaller or equal to
3 m:
hpdu;st
hpdu 2
(B.1)
hz 2
(B.2)
Else:
hpdu;st
B.3.3.12 Distribution of vents
The distribution is based on a vent coefficient for the ventilation zone estimated with:
C vent
¦ C vent;path ,i
(B.3)
all vents
The distribution of vents is given by Table B.11.
Table B.11 — Distribution of vents
Air flow path height
56
Windward facade
Leeward facade
0,25 hz
Cvent;path = 0,25 Cvent
Cvent;path = 0,25 Cvent
0,75 hz
Cvent;path = 0,25 Cvent
Cvent;path = 0,25 Cvent
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.3.13 Reference pressure for the envelope airtightness index
The value is:
ȟplea;ref = 50 Pa
B.3.3.14 Flow exponent through leaks
The value is:
nlea = 0,667
B.3.3.15 Leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
C lea
q V;ȟ’
Alea
lea;ref
(B.4)
n
lea
' p lea;ref
B.3.3.16 Envelope leakage distribution
The envelope leakage distribution is based on:
— the leakage coefficient of the ventilation zone;
— the leakage coefficient of the façades, which is estimated to be proportional to the ratio of surface
area of the façade to that of the facades plus the roof; and
— the leakage coefficient of the roof, which is estimated to be proportional to the ratio of surface area
of the roof to that of the facades plus the roof.
The leakage coefficient of the façade is estimated with:
C lea;fde
C lea ˜
Afde
(B.5)
Afde Aroof
The leakage of the roof is given by:
C lea;roof
C lea ˜
Aroof
(B.6)
Afde Aroof
The leakage distribution is given in Table B.12.
Table B.12 — Envelope leakage distribution
Air flow path height
Windward facade
Leeward façade
Roof
0,25 hz
0,25 Clea;fde
0,25 Clea;fde
—
0,75 hz
0,25 Clea;fde
0,25 Clea;fde
—
hz
—
—
Clea;roof
57
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
B.3.3.17 Typical internal doorway area
Adoor;min = 1,4m2
B.3.4 Operating conditions data
B.3.4.1 Maximum wind speed for cross-ventilation calculation
u10;site;max = 3 m/s
B.3.4.2 Wind speed correction factors
Ctop;site = 1
Crgh;site = Crgh;10;site
Ctop;10;site, = 1
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Crgh;met = 1
Ctop;met = 1
Table B.13 gives values for the roughness coefficient at the building site at a height of 10 m.
Table B.13 — Correction factor Crgh;10;site
Terrain class,
TER_CLASS
Crgh;10;site
Open terrain
1,0
Country
0,9
Urban/City
0,8
B.3.4.3 Ventilation system operation
Tables B.14 gives identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP.
Table B.14 — Identifiers for VENT_SYS_OP
Code
Meaning
BALANCED_OP
Air is supplied to and exhausted from the space mechanically
EXTRACT_OP
Air is exhausted from the space mechanically; air is supplied naturally to the space
SUPPLY_OP
Air is supplied to the space mechanically; air is exhausted naturally from to the
space
NATURAL_OP
Air is naturally supplied to and exhausted from the space
B.4 Input data method 2
There is no default value for this method.
58
BS EN 16798-7:2017
EN 16798-7:2017 (E)
Licensed copy:H B REAVIS UK LIMITED, 15/07/2021, Uncontrolled Copy, © BSI
Bibliography
[1]
CEN/TR 16798-8, Energy performance of buildings — Part 8: Ventilation for buildings — Modules
M5-1, M5-5, M5-6, M5-8 — Calculation methods for the determination of air flow rates in buildings
including infiltration — Technical report — interpretation of the requirements in EN 16798-07
[2]
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards. Available as N-document in ISO/TC 163 and ISO/TC 205
[3]
CEN/TS 16629, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPBstandards. Available as N-document in ISO/TC 163 and ISO/TC 205
[4]
CEN/TR 1749, European scheme for the classification of gas appliances according to the method of
evacuation of the combustion products (types)
[5]
EN ISO 15927-1, Hygrothermal performance of buildings - Calculation and presentation of climatic
data - Part 1: Monthly means of single meteorological elements (ISO 15927-1:2003)
59
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