ACIDS AND BASES
Report by:
John Matthew Jauculan
James Clark Sumagang
Bronsted Lowry theory
• In 1923, chemists Johannes Nicolaus Bronsted and Thomas Martin
Lowry independently developed definitions of acids and bases based
on the compounds' abilities to either donate or accept protons ( H+)
• A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor.
• A Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor.
Remember:
• When an ACID donates a proton, a CONJUGATE BASE is produced.
• When a BASE accepts a proton, a CONJUGATE ACID is produced.
• When a BASE has accepted a proton, the formed product is called a
CONJUGATE ACID because it can donate a proton in the reverse
reaction again
What are acids and bases?
Aspect
Svante Arrhenius’ Definition Johannes Brønsted-Thomas
Lowry Definition
Acid
A substance that increases the
concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in
aqueous solution.
A substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to
another substance.
Base
A substance that increases the
concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in
aqueous solution.
A substance that accepts a proton (H⁺) from
another substance.
Medium
Limited to aqueous solutions.
Not restricted to aqueous solutions; applies
to any medium.
Focus
Ion production in water (H⁺ or OH⁻).
Proton transfer between substances.
Scope
Narrower; only substances producing H⁺ or Broader; includes reactions where proton
OH⁻ ions are classified as acids or bases.
transfer occurs, even without water.
Examples