Beulah Pinili
BSPT - II
March 6, 2025
PT 30 Lec - B
Incomplete Fractures
Name
Buckle
Alternative
Names
Description
Common Fracture
Site
Treatment /
Management
Impacted / Torus
Fractures
A type of
compression
fracture common
in children under
12 years old,
usually occurs
after a fall where
the pressure
causes a bone to
“buckle” causing
the affected bone
to collapse in on
itself while
remaining in one
piece
Long bones
including:
● Humerus
● Radius
● Ulna
● Femur
● Tibia
● Fibula
Immobilization
for 2-3 weeks
An incomplete
fracture where the
periosteum and
cortex of the bone
are interrupted on
only one side
while the other
side remains
intact. Usually
occurs secondary
to FOOSH of
traumatic impact
such as in a motor
vehicle accident,
sports injury, and
others.
Malnutrition also
increases the risk
of greenstick
fractures.
Long bones
including:
● Humerus
● Radius
● Ulna
● Femur
● Tibia
● Fibula
Splinting and
immobilization
for up to 6 weeks
A small crack or
severe bruise in a
bone typically
caused by sports
injuries or
overuse.
Common in bones
of the leg and foot
which absorb a lot
of stress during
weight-bearing
activities such as
Greenstick
Hairline
Stress fracture
Heat therapy to
alleviate pain and
residual swelling
ROM exercise
RICE treatment
NSAIDs to reduce
pain and swelling
Osteoporosis also
increases the risk
of stress fractures.
Perforating
Depressed
Signature Fracture
running and
jumping; these
bones include:
● Calcaneus
● Malleoli /
ankle
bones
● Navicular
A fracture in the
Cranium
cranium caused by
sharp-force
trauma to the head
such as firearms
and sharp
weapons like
knives or axes
Prayers
A fracture in the
Cranium
cranium that
pushes the
fragments closer
to the brain.
Commonly caused
by traumatic
impact such as
falls, MVA,
impact injury
(getting hit in the
head with a blunt
object like a
hammer, stone,
etc), sports
injuries, or abuse.
Rest with head
elevation
Pain management
Treatment of head
related injuries
Surgery to realign
the bones
Specific Fractures
Name
Avulsion
Alternative
Names
Chip fracture
Description
Detachment of a
piece of bone
attached to a
tendon or
ligament. This is
usually caused by
a sudden change
in direction,
normally
occurring in
Common Fracture
Site
Treatment /
Management
● Elbow
● Ankle and
foot bones
● Knee
● Finger
and wrist
bones
● Pelvis and
hip
Immobilization
NSAIDs
Activity
restriction
PT exercises
young athletes.
Butterfly
Chauffeur's
Radial styloid
fracture
Hutchinson
fracture
Backfire fracture
Chip
Compression
Avulsion fracture
A type of
comminuted
fracture in long
bones where two
oblique fracture
lines meet to form
a triangular or
wedge-shaped
fragment that
resembles a
butterfly. Caused
by bending of the
long bones to the
point of breakage
such as in
vehicular
accidents.
Long bones such
as:
● Humerus
● Radius
● Ulna
● Tibia
● Fibula
ORIF
A break in the
radial styloid
process of the
forearm. Typically
caused by
traumatic impact
such as in falls,
sports injuries,
and vehicular
accidents.
Radial styloid
Closed reduction
Refer to avulsion
fracture
Refer to avulsion
fracture
External fixation
ORIF
Small cracks in
Vertebral bones,
the vertebral body, specifically
these fractures
thoracic vertebrae
cause the spine to
weaken and
overtime may
affect posture.
Usually occurring
in the thoracic
region of the
spine. Most
common in older
adults and
especially in
women with
osteoporosis.
Refer to avulsion
fracture
NSAIDs
Braces
Medication to
strengthen bones
Physical therapy
Surgery
(vertebroplasty or
kyphoplasty)
Trauma such as a
motor vehicular
accident may also
cause
compression
fractures. These
fractures can be
stable or unstable
Wedge - the
fracture forms a
wedge shape
Crush - the
vertebra collapses
in on itself
Burst - the
fracture results in
multiple pieces
that spread in
different
directions
Condylar
Epicondylar
Smith’s
Reverse Colle’s
fracture
A break in the
condyle, usually
occurring at the
distal end of the
humerus or femur,
may also occur in
the condyles of
the phalanges.
Bones with
condyles.
● Mandible
● Humerus
● Femur
● Phalanges
Immobilization
for 3-4 weeks
An avulsion
fracture of the
common
attachment point
of the elbow
flexors, often
extra-articular but
can come with
dislocation of the
elbow joint.
Typically caused
by valgus stress at
the elbow.
Medial epicondyle Immobilization
of the humerus
Surgery
Fracture of the
distal end of the
radius as a result
Distal radius
ORIF
Closed reduction,
split or cast
of falling on the
hand with the
wrist flexed
resulting in a
volar
displacement of
the fractured
segment. Can also
occur as a result
of direct blow to
the dorsal aspect
of the wrist such
as when falling
forward while
walking.
Osteoporosis also
increases the risk
for this fracture
Surgery
ORIF
Pain management
Physical therapy
Subcapital
Fracture of the
neck of the femur
(NOF - neck of
femur) can occur
in falls especially
in older adults,
motor vehicular
accidents, or fall
from heights.
Supracondylar
Fracture of the
Humerus
distal humerus
usually occurring
after a fall on
outstretched hand
(FOOSH)
Immobilization
Fracture of the
distal radius
where the fracture
extends through
the dorsal aspect
via the articular
surface but not to
the volar aspect;
this fracture is
also often
associated with
dorsal dislocation
of the radiocarpal
joint
ORIF
Barton’s
Femur
Distal radius
Surgery
(depending on the
classification)
Closed reduction
and percutaneous
pinning
Colle’s
Dupuytren’s
Fracture of the
Distal radius
distal radius
resulting in
posterior
displacement of
the radius. This
fracture is often
caused by FOOSH
but can also occur
in sports and
vehicular
accidents.
Pott’s fracture
Closed reduction
Surgery
A mid-distal
fibular fracture
occurring above
the syndesmosis
caused by a
combined
abduction external
rotation.
Fibula
Galeazzi’s
Fracture of the
distal ⅓ of the
radius with
associated DRUJ
injury typically
occurring after a
fall on
outstretched hand
with forearm in
pronation.
Radius
ORIF
Moore’s
Variation of the
Colle’s fracture
where there is a
fracture of the
dital radius
accompanied by
fracture of the
ulnar styloid,
subluxation of the
ulnar head, and
entrapment of the
ulna styloid
underneath the
annular ligaments
Radius and ulna
ORIF
Fracture of the
distal ⅓ of
Radius
ORIF
Medial malleolus
avulsion fracture
Posterior
malleolus fracture
Piedmont
(suggested)
synonymous with
Galleazzi fracture
forearm with
disruption of the
DRUJ typically
resulting from a
direct blow to the
dorsoradial aspect
of the forearm
Monteggia’s
Fracture of the
proximal ⅓ of the
ulna with
associated
dislocation of the
radial head.
Ulna
Immobilization
and surgery as
required
Bennet’s
Fracture of the
base of the thumb
following forced
abduction of the
first metacarpal
bone
First CMC
Immobilization
Fracture of the
neck of the fifth
metacarpal bone
as a result of
punching a hard
surface with a
closed fist
Fifth MCP
Fracture of the
scaphoid with
associated lunate
dislocation
typically as a
result of
high-impact
injuries
Scaphoid
Boxer’s
Quevair’s
Surgery as
required
Physical therapy
Immobilization
Surgery
ORIF
Closed reduction
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