* 0019656624201 *
,
,
Cambridge IGCSE™
¬WŠ. 3mIw_UŠUtVpW
¬6;bD¬¢XU €9g¡›Sn‚
¥Ee•u5 •5e•U•EEueU
* 9 7 4 7 7 5 1 4 5 1 *
BIOLOGY
0610/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended)
May/June 2024
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
●
Answer all questions.
●
Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
●
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
●
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
●
Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
●
Do not write on any bar codes.
●
You may use a calculator.
●
You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
●
The total mark for this paper is 80.
●
The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (PB/SW) 330332/4
© UCLES 2024
[Turn over
2
,
1
,
Fungal cells and plant cells contain mitochondria.
(a) (i)
State the function of mitochondria.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
State one feature of plants that is used to distinguish them from fungi.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624202 *
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Yeast is a fungus that can respire to produce ethanol.
State the balanced chemical equation for this type of respiration in yeast.
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
One flask contained 100 cm3 of a sugar solution and another flask contained 100 cm3 of water.
Both flasks contained the same mass of yeast. The temperature was maintained at 25 °C.
The scientist used the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.
thermometer
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(c) A scientist investigated the effect of sugar on respiration in yeast cells.
oil layer
water bath at 25 °C
yeast in a sugar solution
or yeast in water
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
syringe to collect the gas produced
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊØòØî×
Ĭ¶¹áÁĠĦ²ÞüúÖďěëīöĂ
ĥĕµĕµÕÅõąĥÅĕĕąåµąÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Fig. 1.1
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624203 *
3
,
,
Fig. 1.2 is a graph of the results of the investigation.
45
Key
40
35
yeast in a sugar solution
at 25 °C
yeast in water at 25 °C
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
30
volume of carbon 25
dioxide gas
produced / cm3
20
15
10
5
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
0
0
10
20
30
40
time / minutes
Fig. 1.2
(i)
Using the gradient shown in Fig. 1.2, calculate the rate of carbon dioxide gas produced
by the yeast in a sugar solution between 10 minutes and 15 minutes.
Include the unit.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Space for working.
................................................................
[3]
(ii)
Suggest the reason for the oil layer in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2024
Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊØôØî×
Ĭ¶ºâÉĪĪÂÛþćēËģïīĆĂ
ĥĕÅÕõµåĕĕĕĕĕĕĥÅõĕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
,
(iii)
State one reason why no more carbon dioxide gas was produced after 35 minutes by
the yeast in a sugar solution, shown in Fig. 1.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv)
The scientist repeated the investigation using yeast and the sugar solution at a
temperature of 95 °C.
Explain why no carbon dioxide was produced at a temperature of 95 °C.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
4
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624204 *
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) State one way in which humans use the carbon dioxide gas produced by yeast cells.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÖòØð×
Ĭ¶ºãÉĤĜÇàĄĀĜĩ¿ÍûîĂ
ĥåĕÕµµåµõµĥĕÕĥĥõąÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(e) State the name of one gas, other than carbon dioxide, that contributes to the enhanced
greenhouse effect.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624205 *
,
© UCLES 2024
,
5
BLANK PAGE
Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÖôØð×
Ĭ¶¹äÁĦĘ·ÙöñÍ­·ĉûþĂ
ĥåĥĕõÕÅÕĥŵĕÕąąµĕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
6
,
2
,
(a) Define the term sense organ.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624206 *
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of the eye. It also shows the pathway taken by nerve impulses
which help bring about changes in the eye in order to bring light to a focus.
K
J
A
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
H
C
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
B
G
BRAIN
F
D
E
NOT TO SCALE
(i)
Draw a label line and a letter X on Fig. 2.1 to identify a motor neurone.
(ii)
Describe how the events that occur at a synapse generate an impulse in the next neurone.
[1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Fig. 2.1
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÙĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊ×ôÕî×
Ĭ¶ºä¾Ġð­ÑñĄèÍ¿ĬÓîĂ
ĥõÅĕõõÅõååĕĕĕąåõÅÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624207 *
7
,
,
(iii)
Describe and explain the process of accommodation in the eye to view a near object.
Use the letters in Fig. 2.1 in your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) Describe the distribution and function of rods and cones in the eye.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÛĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊ×òÕî×
Ĭ¶¹ãÆĪô½èćíġĉ·°ÓþĂ
ĥõµÕµĕåĕµÕÅĕĕĥŵÕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
,
(d) Red‑green colour blindness is a sex‑linked characteristic. It is controlled by a gene on the X
chromosome.
There are two alternative versions of this gene:
•
no colour blindness XA
•
colour blindness Xa.
(i)
State the term used to describe an alternative version of a gene.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii)
State the genotype of a male with colour blindness.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÙĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕôÕð×
Ĭ¶¹âÆĤĂÌÓĉöĪëěĎÃöĂ
ĥÅĥÕõĕåµÕõµĕÕĥĥµÅÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
[Total: 16]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
8
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624208 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624209 *
,
© UCLES 2024
ĬÛĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕòÕð×
Ĭ¶ºá¾Ħþ¼æïċßïģÊÃĆĂ
ĥÅĕĕµõÅÕÅąĥĕÕąąõÕÕ
,
9
BLANK PAGE
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
Fig. 3.1 shows the life cycles of two different organisms.
Organism 1 has a simple life cycle.
Organism 2 has a complex life cycle. It has a stage A that produces spores and a stage B
that produces gametes.
In the diagrams, the haploid number of chromosomes is represented by n. The diploid number
of chromosomes is represented by 2n.
organism 1
adult (2n)
P
Q
embryo
sperm
zygote
organism 2
egg
W
multicellular stage A (2n)
R
spores (n)
embryo
T
female gamete (n)
multicellular stage B (n)
male gamete (n)
Fig. 3.1
ĬÙĊ®Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊØô×î×
Ĭ¶¼â¿ĢĊÎÍĂíÄÇęúûþĂ
ĥĕąĕõĕąµõŵÕÕÅĥµõÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
S
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
zygote
© UCLES 2024
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(a) Meiosis and mitosis are important processes in the life cycles of organisms.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
3
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
10
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624210 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624311 *
11
,
,
(i)
Table 3.1 shows the letters P to T in Fig. 3.1 and the type of nuclear division.
Place a tick (✓) in each row to indicate the type of nuclear division that occurs at each of
the letters, P to T.
Table 3.1
letter in Fig. 3.1
mitosis
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
P
Q
R
S
T
[3]
(ii)
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
meiosis
State the name of process W shown in Fig. 3.1.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii)
An embryo contains stem cells.
Complete the sentences about stem cells and body cells.
Stem cells are ............................................... cells that divide by
............................................... to produce daughter cells that can become
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
............................................... for a specific function.
Most body cells in an organism contain the same genes, but many genes in a
particular cell are not ............................................... because the cell only makes the
specific ............................................... it needs.
[5]
(b) State the events in the life cycle diagram for organism 1 in Fig. 3.1 that would not be present
in a life cycle diagram for asexual reproduction.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÛĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊ×ô×î×
Ĭ¶¼äÄĝù¼Þăā÷ðÙúËöĂ
ĥååÕõµåÕĕÅĕÕĕąĥõÅÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
(a) Some algae are single‑celled organisms that can photosynthesise. Their cells contain the
pigment chlorophyll.
State the name of one mineral ion that is needed to make chlorophyll.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) A student investigated the effect of light on photosynthesis in algae, using hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution.
Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas.
Table 4.1 shows the colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution at different pH values.
Table 4.1
(i)
pH
7.6
8.4
9.2
colour of indicator
yellow
red
purple
Two test‑tubes were set up at the same time. Both contained algae and hydrogencarbonate
indicator. At the start of the investigation the hydrogencarbonate indicator was red in
both test‑tubes.
One test‑tube was placed in the dark and one test‑tube was placed in the light.
After 20 minutes, the contents of the test‑tube in the dark were yellow and the contents
of the test‑tube in the light were purple.
Explain these results.
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
4
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
12
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624312 *
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÙĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕò×ð×
Ĭ¶¼áÄħċ­ÙýĊðÎõÜÛþĂ
ĥĕõÕµµåõõĥĥÕÕąÅõÕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
13
,
(ii)
,
Fig. 4.1 is a graph showing the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
Y
rate of
photosynthesis
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624313 *
X
light intensity
Fig. 4.1
State which factors could be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X and at Y in Fig. 4.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÛĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕô×ð×
Ĭ¶»âÌġć½àû÷¹ĊýĀÛîĂ
ĥĕąĕõÕÅĕĥĕµÕÕĥåµÅÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
,
(c) Starch and sucrose are made by plants after photosynthesis.
(i)
State the name of the tissue that transports sucrose around the plant and the name of
one other biological molecule that is transported in this structure.
tissue .................................................................................................................................
biological molecule ............................................................................................................
[2]
(ii)
Describe how starch is broken down in the human digestive system so that it can be
absorbed into the blood.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
14
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624314 *
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [6]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÖóÖò×
Ĭ¶¼äÉğüµÎíôĖæØČīöĂ
ĥµąÕµµąµąąµĕĕåąõĕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
15
,
5
,
Fig. 5.1 is a photograph of a koala.
Koalas are marsupial mammals that give birth to offspring that are incompletely developed.
The offspring develops further for several months inside the pouch of the mother.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624315 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Fig. 5.1
(a) State one feature visible in Fig. 5.1 that could be used to identify the koala as a mammal.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Mammals use sexual reproduction to produce offspring.
Discuss the advantages of sexual reproduction in organisms such as the koala.
...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2024
Ĭ×ĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÖñÖò×
Ĭ¶»ãÁĩøÅëċýÓòàÐīĆĂ
ĥµõĕõÕĥÕĕõĥĕĕÅĥµąÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
,
(c) Fig. 5.2 is a diagram of part of the human female reproductive system, viewed from the side
of the body.
J
P
K
L
M
N
Fig. 5.2
Complete Table 5.1 by writing the letters that identify the structures in Fig. 5.2, the names of
the structures and the functions.
function
letter in Fig. 5.2
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Table 5.1
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
16
,
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624316 *
name
cervix
site of implantation
[4]
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊØóÖô×
Ĭ¶»âÁģĆÄÐąĆÜÔĄîûîĂ
ĥąåĕµÕĥõõÕĕĕÕÅŵĕÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
site of fertilisation
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
ovary
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624317 *
17
,
,
(d) Pregnant human females have a placenta.
(i)
Describe the function of the placenta in humans.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
(ii)
The placenta is connected to the amniotic sac.
State two functions of the amniotic fluid that is found in the amniotic sac.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 14]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2024
Ĭ×ĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊØñÖô×
Ĭ¶¼áÉĥĊ´éóûčĈüêûþĂ
ĥąÕÕõµąĕĥåÅĕÕååõąÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
[Turn over
18
,
6
,
(a) Complete the sentences about human teeth.
The process of taking food into the mouth is called ............................................... .
Flat sharp‑edged teeth at the front of the mouth, called ............................................... ,
are used for biting off pieces of food.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624318 *
towards the back of the mouth that are used for ............................................... the food.
Fig. 6.1
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕóØò×
Ĭ¶ºâÌġþÖÒþýò°ĂĚÃĆĂ
ĥÕÅÕµÕÅõÕĥĕÕÕĥŵåÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(b) Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a villus.
[4]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
The ............................................... and ............................................... are the large teeth
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624319 *
19
,
,
(i)
Draw labels and label lines on Fig. 6.1 to identify a capillary and a lacteal.
(ii)
State the part of the digestive system where villi are located.
[1]
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii)
State the function of the lacteal.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Describe the pathway taken by the products of protein digestion from the villi to the liver.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
...................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2024
Ĭ×ĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊÕñØò×
Ĭ¶¹áÄħĂæçüô·Ĭú¾ÃöĂ
ĥÕµĕõµåĕÅĕÅÕÕąåõµÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
20
,
,
Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2024
ĬÕĉ¯Ġ³íÉ÷ßāÕĊ×óØô×
Ĭ¶¹äÄĝôãÔöû°ÊÖĠÓþĂ
ĥĥĥĕµµåµåµµÕĕąąõåÕ
0610/42/M/J/24
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
BLANK PAGE
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
* 0019656624320 *